| some physiological studies on fungi isolated from poultry feedstuffs. | a total of 506 isolates of mesophilic, thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi isolated from the poultry feed ingredients included soybean meals, ground maize, cottonseed cake, wheat bran and fish meal, on glucose-czapek's agar, littman oxgall agar at 28 degrees c and yeast starch agar (ypss) at 45 degrees c, were screened for their ability to produce hydrolytic protease enzyme on solid media. most of the fungal isolates were able to produce such enzymes but with variable capabilities. the highest ... | 1990 | 2196365 |
| improved transformation efficiency of aspergillus niger using the homologous niad gene for nitrate reductase. | aspergillus niger transformation frequencies of up to 1,176 transformants per micrograms dna were achieved using the plasmid vector psta10 containing the a. niger nitrate reductase structural gene. analysis of genomic endonuclease cleaved dna from nitrate utilising transformants by dna hybridisation, showed that most integration events are as a result of homologous recombination. the niad transformation system was used successfully for the introduction of the unselected escherichia coli fusion g ... | 1989 | 2791035 |
| evaluation of basidiomycete and deuteromycete (fungi imperfecti) extracts for shared allergenic determinants. | aqueous extracts of select members of the basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes (fungi imperfecti) were evaluated for the presence of shared allergenic determinants using skin prick and radio-allergosorbent test (rast) inhibition. twenty adults with perennial symptoms of rhinitis, with or without asthma, were skin-prick tested with six species of deuteromycetes and seven species of basidomycetes. positive weal-and-flare reactivity to pleurotus ostreatus was associated with alternaria alternata, fusa ... | 1990 | 2253084 |
| fungal flora associated with combine harvester wheat and sorghum dusts from egypt. | 107 species and 8 species varieties belonging to 44 genera were collected from combine harvester wheat and sorghum dusts (35 genera and 91 species + 4 varieties) and from the atmosphere of their hay sites (26 genera and 69 species + 4 varieties) on glucose- and cellulose-czapek's dox agar at 28 degrees c and 45 degrees c. the mycoflora of wheat and sorghum dusts were basically similar on the two types of media and the most common fungi were: alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus ... | 1990 | 2266490 |
| purification to homogeneity and characterization of acyl coenzyme a:6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase of penicillium chrysogenum. | the acyl coenzyme a (coa):6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-apa) acyltransferase of penicillium chrysogenum as-p-78 was purified to homogeneity, as concluded by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. the enzyme is a monomer with a molecular weight of 30,000 +/- 1,000 and a pi of about 5.5. the optimal ph and temperature were 8.0 and 25 degrees c, respectively. this enzyme converts 6-apa into penicillin by using phenylacetyl coa or phenoxyacetyl coa as acyl ... | 1987 | 2829713 |
| in vitro translation of polyadenylated rna isolated from control and interferon-treated human promyelocytic hl-60 leukemic cells. | polyadenylated rna has been isolated from control and interferon-treated hl-60 cells by centrifugation through cesium chloride and oligo(dt)-cellulose column chromatography. the affinity column-purified rna is poorly translated in the mrna-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysates but is an excellent template for in vitro protein synthesis using the wheat germ cell extracts. the discrepancy in the efficiency of hl-60 mrna utilization in the two commonly used cell-free protein synthesizing systems is ... | 1985 | 2409977 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the trpc gene from penicillium chrysogenum. | we cloned the penicillium chrysogenum trpc gene from a genomic library by complementation of an escherichia coli trpc mutant lacking phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase activity. the gene encodes a 2.7 kb poly(a)+ rna. we localized the gene by sequence analysis in a 2.9 kb dna insert found in the smallest plasmid selected from the library. sequence data strongly suggest that the organization of the gene is similar to that described in other ascomycetes. we found that a dna fragment which codes ... | 1986 | 2433566 |
| fusarium solani: evidence for common antigenic/allergenic determinants with other fungi imperfecti. | aqueous extracts of fusarium solani and other members of the fungi imperfecti were evaluated for the presence of common antigenic/allergenic determinants using skin-prick testing, radio-allergo-sorbent test (rast) inhibition, and immunoelectrophoretic methods. prevalence of skin reactivity in forty-four atopic individuals, tested with commercially available fungal extracts, ranged from 27.3% for alternaria tenuis to 6.8% for penicillium notatum. no specific patterns of reactivity emerged from st ... | 1987 | 2438068 |
| incorporation of tellurium into amino acids and proteins in a tellurium-tolerant fungi. | aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus terreus, and penicillium chrysogenum, a tellurium tolerant fungi, are able to grow on sulfur free medium amended with 0.2% (w/v) tellurite. tellurium was incorporated into several types of low and high molecular weight proteins. the newly detected telluro-proteins contained an extraordinary high level of tellurium, as well as telluro-cysteine, telluro-cystine, telluro-methionine, and serine. | 1989 | 2484755 |
| cloning, sequence analysis and transcriptional study of the isopenicillin n synthase of penicillium chrysogenum as-p-78. | a gene (ips) encoding the isopenicillin n synthase of penicillium chrysogenum as-p-78 was cloned in a 3.9 kb sali fragment using a probe corresponding to the amino-terminal end of the enzyme. the sali fragment was trimmed down to a 1.3 kb ncoi-bglii fragment that contained an open reading frame of 996 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 331 amino acids with an mr of 38012 dalton. the predicted polypeptide encoded by the ips gene of strain as-p-78 contains a tyrosine at position 195, whereas th ... | 1989 | 2499766 |
| lysine biosynthesis in penicillium chrysogenum is regulated by feedback inhibition of alpha-aminoadipate reductase. | a partially purified preparation of alpha-aminoadipate reductase (ec 1.2.1.31) from penicillium chrysogenum is competitively inhibited by lysine (ki of 0.26 mm). exogenous addition of 10 mm l-lysine to resting mycelia of p. chrysogenum increased the intracellular lysine pool concentration 2-fold, but decreased the incorporation of (6-14c)-alpha-aminoadipate into protein-bound lysine to a fifth. the distribution of radioactivity in the pathway metabolites alpha-aminoadipate, saccharopine and lysi ... | 1989 | 2501148 |
| transformation of penicillium chrysogenum to sulfonamide resistance. | penicillium chrysogenum has been transformed to sulfonamide resistance by vectors containing the dihydropteroate synthetase gene from plasmid r388 controlled by the promoter and terminator sequences of the p. chrysogenum trpc gene. transformation frequencies of four to ten transformants per microgram of vector dna were obtained. | 1989 | 2501160 |
| amplification of the isopenicillin n synthetase gene in a strain of penicillium chrysogenum producing high levels of penicillin. | the isopenicillin n synthetase (ipns) gene has been isolated from wild-type penicillium chrysogenum and used as a probe to detect the equivalent gene on southern blots of genomic dna from a mutant producing high levels of penicillin. the ipns gene in this strain is contained within a region of dna of wild-type restriction pattern that extends for at least 39 kb and is present at between 8 and 16 copies. the steady state level of ipns mrna in the mutant producing high levels of penicillin is betw ... | 1989 | 2501652 |
| uptake of phenylacetic acid by penicillium chrysogenum wis 54-1255: a critical regulatory point in benzylpenicillin biosynthesis. | the transport system of phenylacetic acid (pa) in penicillium chrysogenum was studied. kinetic measurements were carried out "in vivo" at 25 degrees c in 0.06 m phosphate buffer at ph 6.5. uptake was a linear function of time over 3 minutes and the km was 5.2 microm. pa uptake was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, sodium azide, potassium cyanide. n-ethylmaleimide, amino acids, xylose and fatty acids whereas lactose and ribose stimulated it. benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ... | 1989 | 2507493 |
| phenylacetic acid transport system in penicillium chrysogenum wis 54-1255: molecular specificity of its induction. | the phenylacetic acid (pa) transport system of penicillium chrysogenum is induced by pa, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic and 4-phenylbutyric acids but not by benzoic, phenoxyacetic acid and phenylpropionic acids. substitution in the aromatic moiety (3-hydroxyphenylacetic, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acids), replacement of the aromatic moiety by other rings (thiophene-2-acetic acid, indole-3-acetic or indole-3-butyric acids) or the presence of an amino group in the alpha-position (2-aminophenylacetic acid) elimi ... | 1989 | 2507494 |
| repression of phenylacetic acid transport system in penicillium chrysogenum wis 54-1255 by free amino acids and ammonium salts. | the phenylacetic acid (pa) transport system in penicillium chrysogenum is an inducible-system (see fernández-cañón et al.; preceding papers) which is repressed by free amino acids when these molecules are added to the complex fermentation broths at the induction time. l-tyrosine, l-alpha-aminoadipic acid, l-tryptophan, l-phenylalanine and l-methionine are the molecules that cause the greatest delay in induction. the addition of krebs-cycle intermediates to the complex fermentation broth did not ... | 1989 | 2507495 |
| expression of the trpc gene from penicillium chrysogenum in aspergillus nidulans. | the heterologous expression in aspergillus nidulans of a gene involved in tryptophan biosynthesis from penicillium chrysogenum is described. with the chimeric plasmid ppc-31, which carries the cloned trpc gene, approximately 10-40 "stable" transformants per microgram of dna were obtained, with selection for complementation of the mutant allele. this frequency was increased 10-fold by the insertion of the ans1 fragment into the transformation vector. southern hybridization analysis revealed that ... | 1989 | 2508698 |
| two genes involved in penicillin biosynthesis are linked in a 5.1 kb sali fragment in the genome of penicillium chrysogenum. | two genes, pcbc and pende (also named ips and aat, respectively) encoding the enzymes isopenicillin n synthase and acyl-coa:6-amino penicillanic acid (6-apa) acyltransferase, which are involved in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway in penicillium chrysogenum, were cloned. both genes are clustered together in a 5.1 kb sali dna fragment and are separated by a nontranscribed intergenic region of 1.5 kb. these genes are transcribed from different promoters in two separate transcripts of about 1.15 ... | 1989 | 2511425 |
| regulation of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine and isopenicillin n biosynthesis in penicillium chrysogenum by the alpha-aminoadipate pool size. | the effect of changes in the intracellular concentration of alpha-aminoadipate on the formation of alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine (acv) and isopenicillin n (ipn)--two intermediates of penicillin biosynthesis--by strains of penicillium chrysogenum has been investigated by measuring the incorporation of radioactivity from (6-14c)-alpha-aminoadipate into cellular 14c-acv and 14c-ipn. no acv or ipn were found in any strain during cultivation on glucose, but were clearly detected in all three str ... | 1989 | 2515102 |
| [a preliminary study on isolation, purification and identification of penicillium chrysogenum allergen]. | penicillium chrysogenum crude extract was prepared in our laboratory. the protein concentration of this allergen assessed by coomassie blue g250 stain was 44-48 mg/ml. three protein bands p1, p2a and p2b, were obtained by page. molecular weights of the bands were 94,000, 43,000 and 25,000 respectively as compared with standard molecular weight markers. gel filtration through sephadex g200 revealed two peaks. these fractions were monitored for absorbance at 280 nm and combined into 3 pools accord ... | 1989 | 2534615 |
| sulfate-activating enzymes of penicillium chrysogenum. the atp sulfurylase.adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate complex does not serve as a substrate for adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase. | at a noninhibitory steady state concentration of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (aps), increasing the concentration of penicillium chrysogenum atp sulfurylase drives the rate of the aps kinase-catalyzed reaction toward zero. the result indicates that the atp sulfurylase.aps complex does not serve as a substrate for aps kinase, i.e. there is no "substrate channeling" of aps between the two sulfate-activating enzymes. aps kinase had no effect on the [s]0.5 values, nh values, or maximum isotope trappi ... | 1989 | 2542310 |
| the "regulatory" sulfhydryl group of penicillium chrysogenum atp sulfurylase. cooperative ligand binding after sh modification; chemical and thermodynamic properties. | atp sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum is a homohexamer that contains three free sulfhydryl groups/subunit, only one of which (designated sh-1) can be modified by disulfide, maleimide, and halide reagents under nondenaturing conditions. modification of sh-1 has only a small effect on kcat but causes the [s]0.5 values for mgatp and so4(2-) (or moo4(2-) to increase by an order of magnitude. additionally, the velocity curves become sigmoidal with a hill coefficient (nh) of about 2 (renosto, f ... | 1989 | 2545683 |
| [amino acid sequence of guanyl-specific ribonuclease from penicillium chrysogenum 152a]. | | 1986 | 3089749 |
| iv. acyl-coa: 6-apa acyltransferase of penicillium chrysogenum: studies on substrate specificity using phenylacetyl-coa variants. | two different penicillins (p- and m-methylbenzylpenicillin) were obtained "in vitro" by direct enzymatic synthesis, using homogeneously pure acyl-coa: 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-apa) acyltransferase from penicillium chrysogenum, 6-apa and p- or m-tolylacetyl-coa. the km for these substrates were 6 and 15 mm, respectively, indicating that the affinity of the enzyme for these two molecules is much lower that shown by phenylacetyl-coa (0.55 mm). furthermore, acyltransferase does not recognize o-to ... | 1989 | 2553650 |
| cloning and characterization of the acyl-coenzyme a: 6-aminopenicillanic-acid-acyltransferase gene of penicillium chrysogenum. | a gene, aat, encoding acyl-coa: 6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase (aat), the last enzyme of the penicillin (pn) biosynthetic pathway, has been cloned from the genome of penicillium chrysogenum as-p-78. the gene contains three introns in the 5'-region and encodes a protein of 357 amino acids with an mr of 39,943. it complements mutants of p. chrysogenum deficient in aat activity. the aat gene is expressed as a 1.15-kb transcript and the encoded protein appears to be processed post-translat ... | 1989 | 2555269 |
| mycoflora of anise and fennel seeds in egypt. | using four medium types (glucose-, cellulose-, 50% sucrose- and 10% nacl-czapek's agar), it was possible to isolate 15 fungal genera, 78 species and 6 varieties. the collective fungal spectrum varied from one medium to another where the highest number of species (57 species/1000 seeds) was obtained on glucose- and the lowest (31 species/1000 seeds) on 10% nacl-czapek's agar. aspergillus, penicillium, and sometimes rhizopus and chaetomium were the most common genera on the different medium types. ... | 1989 | 2600777 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the trpc gene from penicillium chrysogenum. | | 1987 | 3103104 |
| fungal flora of poultry feedstuff ingredients. | one hundred and ten samples representing five types of poultry feed ingredients were mycologically examined. these samples included soybean meal, ground maize, cotton-seed cake, wheat bran and fish meal (22 samples each). among the 73 mesophilic fungal species, aspergillus flavus, a. niger and a. fumigatus were the most dominant. a. terreus, a. flavipes, mucor circinelloides, scopulariopsis brevicaulis, penicillium chrysogenum, fusarium moniliforme and rhizopus stolonifer were found to be common ... | 1989 | 2621568 |
| microbial metabolism studies of the antimalarial sesquiterpene artemisinin. | microbial metabolism of the sesquiterpene lactone antimalarial drug artemisinin [1] was studied. screening studies have shown a number of microorganisms capable of metabolizing artemisinin [1]. scale-up fermentation with nocardia corallina (atcc 19070) and penicillium chrysogenum (atcc 9480) have resulted in the production of two major microbial metabolites that have been characterized with the use of 2d-nmr techniques. these metabolites have been identified as deoxyartemisinin [2] and 3 alpha-h ... | 1989 | 2746260 |
| adenine and pyridine nucleotide levels during calcium-induced conidiation in penicillium notatum. | concentrations of adenine and pyridine nucleotides and the associated charge values were examined in extracts of mycelium of penicillium notatum during vegetative growth and reproductive development promoted by the addition of ca2+ (10 mmol dm-3). the significant increase in adenylate energy charge promoted by ca2+ was due to a fall in intracellular amp and a concomitant rise in atp concentration. intracellular concentrations of nadh and nad fell within 1 h of the addition of ca2+. the catabolic ... | 1989 | 2802576 |
| atp sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum. molecular basis of the sigmoidal velocity curves induced by sulfhydryl group modification. | atp sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum is a noncooperative homooligomer containing three free sulfhydryl groups per subunit. under nondenaturing conditions, one sh group per subunit was modified by 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate), or n-ethylmaleimide. modification had only a small effect on kcat, but markedly increased the [s]0.5 values for the substrates, mgatp and so4(2-). mgatp and adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate protected against modification. the sh-modified enzyme displayed sigmoidal ve ... | 1987 | 2824486 |
| isolation of mutants sensitive to 2-aminopurine and alkylating agents and evidence for the role of dna methylation in penicillium chrysogenum. | using high performance liquid chromatography, the presence of n6-methyladenine has been found at a level of 0.1 mol percent in dna extracted from penicillium chrysogenum. no 5-methylcytosine was detected. a mutant strain hp547, which is sensitive to the lethal effects of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine, methylmethane sulphonate and the base analogue 2-aminopurine shows an increased spontaneous mutation rate and no detectable dna methylation. comparison of restriction enzyme digests of wild ... | 1986 | 2832076 |
| glutathione formation in penicillium chrysogenum: stimulatory effect of ammonium. | penicillium chrysogenum produced glutathione after growth in a defined medium containing 10 mm-nh4cl as the sole source of nitrogen. the use of higher ammonium concentrations (100 mm) resulted in stimulation of growth and glutathione formation. in addition, increases in the intracellular pools of glutamate, alanine and glutamine, proportional to the amount of ammonium present in the medium were observed. resting cell systems, prepared from cells previously grown with ammonium, were able to produ ... | 1988 | 2904479 |
| mycoflora and mycotoxin-producing fungi of air-dust particles from egypt. | using the dilution-plate method, 27 genera and 64 species were collected from 20 air-dust samples on glucose - (24 genera and 57 species) and cellulose - (21 genera and 45 species) czapek's agar at 28 degrees c. there are basic similarities between the mycoflora of air-dust on the two media and the most prevalent species were aspergillus niger, a. flavus, a. ochraceus, a. terreus, a. versicolor, penicillium chrysogenum, p. funiculosum, alternaria alternata, cladosporium herbarum, fusarium oxyspo ... | 1986 | 2938009 |
| amino acid transport in eucaryotic microorganisms. | | 1986 | 2947629 |
| [iodine concentration by the fungus penicillium chrysogenum inhabiting soils of the nonchernozem zone]. | the iodine accumulation by strains of microscopic fungi penecillium chrysogenum isolated from soddy-middle podzolic soils of kirov region has been studied. it has been shown that fungi are able to accumulate from 5,0 x 10(-5) to 10,2% of iodine depending upon the medium iodine content and the degree of the organisms' tolerance to its high concentrations. | 1986 | 2948572 |
| aps kinase from penicillium chrysogenum. dissociation and reassociation of subunits as the basis of the reversible heat inactivation. | adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (aps) kinase from penicillium chrysogenum, loses catalytic activity at temperatures greater than approximately 40 degrees c. when the heat-inactivated enzyme is cooled to 30 degrees c or lower, activity is regained in a time-dependent process. at an intermediary temperature (e.g. 36 degrees c) an equilibrium between active and inactive forms can be demonstrated. aps kinase from p. chrysogenum is a dimer (mr = 57,000-60,000) composed of two apparently identical subunit ... | 1985 | 2981860 |
| [metabolic characteristics of polyphosphates and other macroergic phosphorus compounds in relation to the degree of penicillin production and growth conditions of penicillium chrysogenum]. | metabolism of macroergic phosphorus compounds was studied in high- and low-productive isogenic strains of penicillium chrysogenum. it was shown that the levels of the high-polymer polyphosphates (fractions pp1, pp2 and pp3) in the strain intensively producing penicillin were 2-3 times higher than those in the low-productive strain by the 2nd day of the fermentation process (the period of penicillin production). the levels of pyrophosphate and atp in the mycelium during the fermentation process d ... | 1985 | 2998269 |
| direct evaluation of phenylacetyl-coa: 6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase of penicillium chrysogenum by bioassay. | the enzyme phenylacetyl-coa: 6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase of penicillium chrysogenum was evaluated by direct bioassay against micrococcus luteus atcc 9341. the enzyme required dithiothreitol, was inactivated by 0.2 mm hg2+ (100%), zn2+ (80%), cu2+ (60%), 1 mm n-ethylmaleimide (80%), and showed maximal catalytic activity at ph 8.4 and 20 degrees c. the v50 values for phenylacetyl-coa and 6-aminopenicillanic acid were 0.55 mm and 1 microm, respectively. when octanoyl-coa was employed a ... | 1986 | 3025146 |
| production and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody to aspergillus fumigatus antigen having igg- and ige-binding activity. | by employing hybridoma technology, a monoclonal antibody against aspergillus fumigatus was produced. this antibody, isotyped as igm k, reacted with 12 of 16 antigens extracted from 9 different a. fumigatus strains. this antibody also reacted with all 3 aspergillus flavus antigens studied, but not with aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, penicillium notatum or candida albicans antigens. western blot analysis indicated that this antibody reacted with two concanavalin a (con-a) binding bands of ... | 1988 | 3045013 |
| on-line measurement of culture fluorescence for process monitoring and control of biotechnological processes. | | 1987 | 3124692 |
| differential effects of general amino acid control of lysine biosynthesis on penicillin formation in strains of penicillium chrysogenum. | | 1988 | 3128515 |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli of isopenicillin n synthetase genes from streptomyces lipmanii and aspergillus nidulans. | beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins are synthesized by a wide variety of microbes, including procaryotes and eucaryotes. isopenicillin n synthetase catalyzes a key reaction in the biosynthetic pathway of penicillins and cephalosporins. the genes encoding this protein have previously been cloned from the filamentous fungi cephalosporium acremonium and penicillium chrysogenum and characterized. we have extended our analysis to the isopenicillin n synthetase genes from th ... | 1988 | 3045077 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the isopenicillin n synthetase gene from streptomyces clavuligerus. | the isopenicillin n synthetase (ipns) gene from streptomyces clavuligerus was isolated from an escherichia coli plasmid library of s. clavuligerus genomic dna fragments using a 44-mer mixed oligodeoxynucleotide probe. the nucleotide sequence of a 3-kb region of the cloned fragment from the plasmid, pbl1, was determined and analysis of the sequence showed an open reading frame that could encode a protein of 329 amino acids with an mr of 36,917. when the s. clavuligerus dna from pbl1 was introduce ... | 1988 | 3130293 |
| express analysis of protein amino acid sequences. primary structure of penicillium chrysogenum 152a guanyl-specific ribonuclease. | the complete amino acid sequence of penicillium chrysogenum 152a guanyl-specific rnase has been established using automated edman degradation of two non-fractionated peptide mixtures produced by tryptic and staphylococcal protease digests of the protein. the rnase contains 102 amino acid residues: his2, arg3, asp7, asn8, thr5, ser11, glu4, gln2, pro4, gly11, ala13, cys4, val8, ile3, leu3, tyr9, phe5 (mr 10 747). | 1986 | 3080339 |
| circular dichroism of double-stranded rna in the presence of salt and ethanol. | | 1986 | 3081057 |
| [effect of the exogenous lipids of complex media on the fatty acid composition of mycelial microorganisms]. | the effect of exogenous lipid sources on the composition of fatty acids was studied in actinomycetes of the streptomyces genus and in fungi belonging to the genera blakeslea, cunninghamella and penicillium. the following sources of exogenous lipids were used: soybean and maize flour, sunflower by-products, chicken droppings, maize extract, yeast extract, peptone, sperm whale fat, sunflower and palm oil. the composition of fatty acids in total extracted lipids of the studied mycelial microorganis ... | 1986 | 3084926 |
| [cytological study of early stages of regeneration of protoplasts of fungi and streptomyces]. | early stages of penicillium chrysogenum 51 and streptomyces lividans 66 protoplast regeneration on solid media were studied microscopically under conditions of microcompartments. it was shown that at the early regeneration stages there were both rapid reversion into the mycelial form and a retarded one. in p. chrysogenum retarded regeneration resulted in formation of hypha-like structures or protoplast breaking into fragments of various sizes. some of the fragments restored the cell walls and my ... | 1988 | 3132117 |
| alpha-aminoadipate pool concentration and penicillin biosynthesis in strains of penicillium chrysogenum. | intracellular amino acid pools in four penicillium chrysogenum strains, which differed in their ability to produce penicillin, were determined under conditions supporting growth without penicillin production and under conditions supporting penicillin production. a significant correlation between the rate of penicillin production and the intracellular concentration of alpha-aminoadipate was observed, which was not shown with any other amino acid in the pool. in replacement cultivation, penicillin ... | 1986 | 3089568 |
| [oil and fat metabolism and the biosynthesis of penicillin]. | when grown on media with vegetable oils the producer of penicillin was more sensitive to changes in the conditions of mass transfer. their worsening resulted in a more significant decrease in the level of the mycelium productivity than that of media containing animal fats. the observed differences were associated with the fact that the rate of consumption of readily assimilated fat substrates, for instance sunflower oil, by the cells was sufficiently high even at defective aeration and agitation ... | 1986 | 3094435 |
| glucose represses formation of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine and isopenicillin n synthase but not penicillin acyltransferase in penicillium chrysogenum. | the content of alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine, the first intermediate of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway, decreased when penicillium chrysogenum was grown in a high concentration of glucose. glucose repressed the incorporation of [14c]valine into alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-[14c]valine in vivo. the pool of alpha-aminoadipic acid increased sevenfold in control (lactose-grown) penicillin-producing cultures, coinciding with the phase of rapid penicillin biosynthesis, but this increase was v ... | 1986 | 3096965 |
| effect of metal ions on the antimicrobial activity of 5-sulphosalicylic acid. | bis-(5-sulphosalicylato)-diaquo chelates of vo(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii), co(ii), fe(ii) and mn(ii) exerted antifungal activities. the chelates have been characterised for elemental, thermal and infra-red spectral studies and were found to be more fungicidal than the chelating agent. the antifungal activity was found to be in the order: cu(ii) congruent to ni(ii) greater than co(ii) greater than fe(ii) greater than mn(ii) greater than vo(ii). | 1986 | 3101394 |
| cloning and expression of the isopenicillin n synthetase gene from penicillium chrysogenum. | the isopenicillin n synthetase (ips) gene from penicillium chrysogenum was isolated from a recombinant bacteriophage lambda library using the cephalosporium acremonium ips (cips) gene as a heterologous hybridization probe. the protein coding region of the p. chrysogenum ips (pips) gene was about 74% homologous to the cips gene, and the predicted amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins were about 73% homologous. escherichia coli cells with the pips gene contained ips activity whereas untrans ... | 1986 | 3104145 |
| gradient and isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography of proteins on a new agarose-based anion exchanger. | we describe a new, simple, and mild method for the preparation of anion-exchangers, based on the coupling of alkylamines to epoxy-activated agarose (prepared by the reaction of agarose with butanediol diglycidyl ether). since a polar oh-group is formed when an epoxide reacts with an oh or nh2 group, the ion-exchanger did not show any hydrophobic interaction. this is important, since it may be impossible to desorb a protein from an ion exchanger having a hydrophobic character, because increasing ... | 1987 | 3104376 |
| transformation in penicillium chrysogenum. | an auxotrophic mutant of penicillium chrysogenum with a dna rearrangement that affects the trpc region has been transformed to the trp+ phenotype by using a plasmid that contains the trifunctional wild-type gene. a frequency of 40-80 transformants per microgram of input dna was usually achieved. a low frequency of plasmid integration at the recipient mutated trpc gene was detected; however, most of the transformants integrated the plasmid dna elsewhere into the genome. some of the transformants ... | 1987 | 3110011 |
| analysis of the role of cysteine residues in isopenicillin n synthetase activity by site-directed mutagenesis. | the predicted amino acid sequences of isopenicillin n synthetase from both cephalosporium acremonium and penicillium chrysogenum have two cysteine residues in analogous positions (cys-106 and cys-255 in the c. acremonium numbering). to examine the role of these cysteine residues in the activity of the c. acremonium enzyme, we used site-directed in vitro mutagenesis to change these cysteine residues to serine residues. mutation of cys-255 reduces specific activity approximately equal to 50%, wher ... | 1987 | 3112774 |
| application of high-performance chromatographic and electrophoretic methods to the purification and characterization of glucose oxidase and catalase from penicillium chrysogenum. | the high resolving power of the preparative and analytical high-performance chromatographic and electrophoretic methods recently developed in this laboratory for the separation of biopolymers has been demonstrated by the purification and characterization of glucose oxidase and catalase from penicillium chrysogenum. crude glucose oxidase was purified to homogeneity in one step by high-performance hydrophobic-interaction chromatography (hic) on a pentylagarose column. crude catalase was purified b ... | 1987 | 3116021 |
| effect of uv-irradiation on some aspects of metabolic activities in aspergillus flavus and penicillium notatum. | near-uv (nuv) irradiation was found to stimulate protein synthesis in penicillium notatum and aspergillus flavus. dna was also induced by short periods of nuv (10 and 20 min) in p. notatum. synthesis of dna in a. flavus decreased under the same treatment and then increased when irradiation was for long periods. the reverse of this observation was seen in the case of rna synthesis, while rna synthesis was significantly inhibited by nuv in p. notatum. induction of rna synthesis was observed in a. ... | 1988 | 3149396 |
| glucose and penicillin concentrations in agar medium below fungal colonies. | the growth of colonies of rhizoctonia cerealis and penicillium chrysogenum on solid media in plate cultures was studied. when grown on defined media containing 10-50 mm-glucose, r. cerealis did not cause a significant reduction in the glucose concentration of the medium in advance of colonization, but did cause the formation of a steep glucose concentration gradient in the substrate below the colony; the medium directly below the centre of a 7 cm diameter colony of r. cerealis was exhausted of g ... | 1987 | 3116159 |
| [periodicity of the changes in dna and rna levels in penicillium chrysogenum conidia at the stage preceding the s-period]. | it is ascertained, that conidia enter s-period after 11 hours of incubation on capek-dock medium and after 7 hours of incubation on reistrick medium. five peaks of dna and rna synthesises preceding the s-period were revealed. moreover, dna decay to a certain degree depending on the peak number is characteristic for every dna synthesis peak. by the moment the cell enters into s-period the amount of dna remains at the initial level. it is noted, that the rna synthesis curve corresponds to the char ... | 1987 | 3116400 |
| mycoflora of air-conditioners dust from riyadh, saudi arabia. | using the hair baiting technique, 6 genera and 14 species were collected on sabouraud's dextrose agar from 37 dust samples from air-conditioners. the most common fungi were chrysosporium tropicum, c. indicum, c. keratinophilum, aspergillus flavus followed by acremonium strictum and scopulariopsis brevicaulis. using the dilution-plate method, 26 genera and 52 species were collected from 37 dust samples on glucose-(23 genera and 45 species) and cellulose-(18 genera and 34 species) czapek's agar at ... | 1988 | 3236219 |
| length, mass, and denaturation of double-stranded rna molecules compared with dna. | the contour lengths of linear, double-stranded (ds) rnas from mycovirus pcv and pseudomonas bacteriophage phi 6 have been measured with samples prepared for the electron microscope from 0.05 to 0.5 m nh4cl solutions. a linear dependence of contour length on the logarithm of ionic strength was found and compared with that of dsdna (pbr322, linearized and open-circular forms). conditions for molecular weight determinations of any natural dsrna by electron microscopy have been established, and the ... | 1987 | 3118956 |
| cell immobilization in the production of patulin and penicillin by penicillium urticae and penicillium chrysogenum. | | 1987 | 3119961 |
| adenosinetriphosphate sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum: steady-state kinetics of the forward and reverse reactions, alternative substrate kinetics, and equilibrium binding studies. | the kinetics of the forward atp sulfurylase-catalyzed reaction were examined using a new assay based on 32ppi released from [gamma-32p]mgatp in the presence of inorganic sulfate. replots yielded vmaxf = 6.6 units mg protein-1, kma = 0.13 mm, kia = 0.33 mm, and kmb = 0.55 mm, where a = mgatp and b = so2-4. thiosulfate, a dead-end inhibitor of the reaction, was competitive with sulfate and noncompetitive with respect to mgatp. the ratio kcat/kma was determined for several alternative inorganic sub ... | 1985 | 2992379 |
| aflatoxins and fungal flora in lentil (lens esculenta l.). | fungal flora of 20 samples of lentil seeds collected from assiut governorate, egypt, were studied. seventeen genera and 13 species were isolated on glucose- (15 genera and 27 species), cellulose- (15 genera and 25 species)- czapek's agar media at 28 degrees c. the most common species were as follows: on glucose-czapek's agar, aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, a. flavus, a. terreus, penicillium notatum and rhizopus oryzae and on cellulose agar, a. fumigatus, a. niger, a. flavus and p. notatum. thi ... | 1988 | 3419482 |
| adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase from penicillium chrysogenum. determining ligand dissociation constants of binary and ternary complexes from the kinetics of enzyme inactivation. | adenosine 5-phosphosulfate (aps) kinase from penicillium chrysogenum is irreversibly inactivated by trinitrobenzene sulfonate in a pseudo-first order process. under standard assay conditions kapp was 1.9 x 10(-3) s-1. saturating mgatp or mgadp decreased kapp to a limit of 4.1 x 10(-4) s-1. there are several explanations for the partial protection, including the presence of two essential lysyl side chains, only one of which is at the active site. analysis of the inactivation kinetics by means of ... | 1985 | 2995351 |
| comparative stability and catalytic and chemical properties of the sulfate-activating enzymes from penicillium chrysogenum (mesophile) and penicillium duponti (thermophile). | atp sulfurylases from penicillium chrysogenum (a mesophile) and from penicillium duponti (a thermophile) had a native molecular weight of about 440,000 and a subunit molecular weight of about 69,000. (the p. duponti subunit appeared to be a little smaller than the p. chrysogenum subunit.) the p. duponti enzyme was about 100 times more heat stable than the p. chrysogenum enzyme; k inact (the first-order rate constant for inactivation) at 65 degrees c = 3.3 x 10(-4) s-1 for p. duponti and 3.0 x 10 ... | 1985 | 2997125 |
| [action of lyophilization on the nucleic acid content of penicillium chrysogenum conidia]. | | 1987 | 3123536 |
| cloning vectors of mitochondrial origin for eukaryotes. | | 1987 | 3123883 |
| biochemical and ultrastructural studies of penicillium chrysogenum, talaromyces leycettanus and t. thermophilus. | a comparative study of the lipids, proteins, amino acids and of the ultrastructure of lipid bodies of penicillium chrysogenum (mesophilic), talaromyces leycettanus (thermotolerant) and t. thermophilus (thermophilic) was done. the highest lipid content was found in t. thermophilus and highest protein content in p. chrysogenum whilst a total of 17 amino acids were found in p. chrysogenum and t. thermophilus and only sixteen were detected in t. leycettanus. ultrastructural features of lipid bodies ... | 1988 | 3129347 |
| humidifier lung and humidifier fever. | the aim of our study was to evaluate clinical diagnoses in symptomatic persons exposed to aerosols from humidifiers or air conditioners. in addition, we tried to identify the causative antigens. results of clinical investigations, including inhalation challenge tests, demonstrated a typical hypersensitivity pneumonitis (humidifier lung) in 9 persons and isolated systemic symptoms without significant changes in lung function and chest x-rays (humidifier fever) in 3 persons. microbiological studie ... | 1988 | 3130530 |
| transformation of penicillium chrysogenum using the aspergillus nidulans amds gene as a dominant selective marker. | the aspergillus nidulans acetamidase gene (amds) has been used to transform penicillium chrysogenum at low frequency. several transformants were tested and shown to be mitotically stable. southern blot analysis indicated that transforming dna had integrated into the chromosomal dna, possibly at multiple sites. | 1987 | 3131026 |
| transformation of penicillium chrysogenum using dominant selection markers and expression of an escherichia coli lacz fusion gene. | an industrial penicillium chrysogenum strain was transformed using two dominant selection markers, namely the bacterial gene for phleomycin resistance (ble) fused to a fungal promoter, and the acetamidase (amds) gene from aspergillus nidulans. transformation frequencies of up to 20 transformants per microgram of dna were obtained with the ble system. with the amds marker the frequency was up to 120 transformants. cotransformation was very efficient when using amds as a selection marker. the intr ... | 1988 | 3131191 |
| [antibiotic production by variants of penicillium chrysogenum isolated after protoplast formation and exposure to mutagens at the protoplast stage]. | a procedure for protoplast formation in the penicillin-producing organism penicillium chrysogenum was developed. the yield of the protoplasts was high, the protoplasts were stable and capable of regeneration. two types of the protoplast regeneration were revealed. the spores and protoplasts were treated with uv light and n-nitroso-n'-methyl biuret and their effect on production of the antibiotic by the isolated variants was studied. it was shown that the protoplasts of p. chrysogenum were more l ... | 1988 | 3132119 |
| transformation of penicillium chrysogenum with a dominant selectable marker. | we have cloned a mutant oligomycin resistance allele of the mitochondrial atp synthase subunit 9 gene from the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum. the gene was isolated using the equivalent gene from aspergillus nidulans as a hybridisation probe. using the cloned gene it is possible to select for oligomycin resistance in p. chrysogenum transformation experiments. this transformation system was used to introduce further copies of the p. chrysogenum isopenicillin n synthetase gene, which w ... | 1988 | 3135949 |
| nucleotide sequence of the penicillium chrysogenum pyrg (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) gene. | | 1988 | 3138658 |
| biosynthesis of benzylpenicillin by penicillium chrysogenum and its golgi apparatus. | the fine structure of high and low-yield mutants of penicillium chrysogenum producing 10,000 and 100 units of benzylpenicillin was compared. the cells of both mutants showed typical eukaryotic ultrastructure. the golgi vesicles, present in largest number in cells of high-yield mutant, fuse with the cell membrane and play an important role in the transport of benzylpenicillin from the cytoplasm to the cell environment. benzylpenicillin was localized in cells of the high-yield mutant by means of e ... | 1987 | 3138964 |
| glucokinase-deficient mutant of penicillium chrysogenum is derepressed in glucose catabolite regulation of both beta-galactosidase and penicillin biosynthesis. | one glucokinase-deficient mutant (glk1) of penicillium chrysogenum as-p-78 was isolated after germ tube-emitting spores were mutated with nitrosoguanidine and selected for growth on lactose-containing medium in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of d-2-deoxyglucose (3 mm). penicillin biosynthesis was greatly reduced (55%) in d-glucose-grown cultures of the parental strain, but this sugar had no repressive effect on the rate of penicillin biosynthesis in the mutant glk1. this mutant was de ... | 1988 | 3142341 |
| [the saccharide components of wood hydrolysates--a constituent part of the fermentation media for the biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics]. | spruce and ash wood were subjected to acid hydrolysis. the hydrolysates were paper chromatographed for the presence of saccharides. the following monosaccharides were detected: d-xylose, d-mannose, d-glucose, d-galactose and l-arabinose. the monosaccharides and l-rhamnose in addition in the form of concentrated solutions were used as part of lactose in production of penicillin v. similarly, the whole amounts of d-glucose and saccharose were substituted in biosynthesis of cephalosporin c. with re ... | 1988 | 3142375 |
| the biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins. | | 1988 | 3145474 |
| sequence of the penicillium chrysogenum phosphoglycerate kinase gene. | | 1988 | 3145495 |
| characteristics of the beta-lactam synthesizing enzymes of streptomyces clavuligerus, cephalosporium acremonium, and penicillium chrysogenum. | | 1988 | 3147608 |
| [low molecular weight metabolites produced by various penicillium species]. | low-molecular weight volatile metabolites produced by penicillium farinosum, p. citrinum, p. camemberti and p. chrysogenum were investigated. during first 40 days of cultivation the fungi produced mainly c-8 compounds, and later mainly 2-hexenal was synthesized. addition of 0.1% linoleic acid significantly stimulated the secretion of volatile metabolites. p. citrinum and p. farenosum produced large quantities of geosmin. | 1988 | 3150540 |
| [quantitative dna and rna changes during the initiation of conidia in penicillium chrysogenum strain 9741]. | | 1985 | 3937483 |
| enzymatic synthesis of penicillins. | different penicillins (phenylacetyl, 2-hydroxyphenylacetyl, 4-hydroxyphenylacetyl, phenoxyacetyl and 2-thiopheneacetylpenicillin) have been synthesized "in vitro" by direct n-acylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-apa) with the acyl group of several acyl-coa derivatives. the enzyme that catalyzes these reactions, acyl-coa: 6-apa acyltransferase of penicillium chrysogenum, was purified to homogeneity (374-fold) and its amino acid composition is given. this protein accepts as substrates several ... | 1988 | 3170343 |
| interaction of penicillium notatum phospholipase b with divalent cations. | the interaction between penicillium notatum phospholipase b and divalent cations such as ca2+ and mg2+ was studied. when the purified enzyme, present at concentrations of submicrogram to microgram per ml, was incubated with submillimolar to millimolar concentrations of cacl2 or mgcl2, the enzymatic activity was remarkably decreased (to no more than 30% of original activity, when the enzyme was incubated with 2 mm cacl2 for 15 min). the inhibitory effect of divalent cations was reversible, since ... | 1988 | 3365441 |
| determination of beta-lactams and their biosynthetic intermediates in fermentation media by pre-column derivatisation followed by fluorescence detection. | this paper describes a novel and sensitive pre-column derivatisation method for the detection and quantitation of beta-lactams and their biosynthetic precursors at trace levels in fermentation media. filtered broths from fermentations of strains of penicillium chrysogenum and cephalosporium acremonium, after deproteination and centrifugation, were incubated with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate for 5 min at 20 degrees c in 0.2 m borate buffer at ph 7.7. following two-fold pentane extraction of the ... | 1988 | 3372625 |
| lysophosphatidylcholine----phosphatidylcholine converting activity of penicillium notatum phospholipase b. | phospholipase b from a fungus penicillium notatum, which was previously shown to possess phospholipase b activity as well as lysophospholipase activity, was found to have another activity to convert lysophospholipid to phospholipid, to an extent comparable to its phospholipase b activity. the enzyme did not incorporate free fatty acid into phospholipid in the presence of coa and atp. the results shown here coincide with data reported on yeast phospholipase b and may imply the functional and stru ... | 1988 | 3390193 |
| the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing beta-lactam antibiotics. | | 1987 | 3120640 |
| mitosis in penicillium chrysogenum and penicillium notatum. | | 1971 | 4103466 |
| [biosynthesis of peptide antibiotics]. | | 1972 | 4117354 |
| lytic plaque formation and variation in virus titre among strains of penicillium chrysogenum. | | 1973 | 4124711 |
| intracellular appearance of penicillium chrysogenum virus. | | 1973 | 4126408 |
| [actinomycin d-o]. | | 1974 | 4142853 |
| the effect of salinity and osmotic pressure of the medium on the growth, sporulation and changes in the total organic acid content of aspergillus flavus and penicillium chrysogenum. | extreme conditions of a medium effects the growth of microorganisms. the effect of salinity (nacl) and osmotic pressure on the vegetative and reproductive growth as well as on changes in the amount of total organic acid of aspergillus flavus and penicillium chrysogenum; isolated from the soil; have been studied in this investigation. the vegetative growth of both species increased with an increase in the nacl content of the nutrient medium. the maximum increase was observed in a. flavus in the n ... | 1987 | 3122048 |
| proceedings: accelerated stability testing of freeze-dried preparations of penicillium chrysogenum wis54-1255. | | 1973 | 4150535 |
| [penicillinosis of the paranasal sinuses]. | a 29-year old female patient suffering from severe pain in her right eye, headache, ophthalmoplegia and ptosis of the right eye, total roentgenological opacity of the right maxillary sinus and ethmoidal cells , as well as signs of bone destruction in the orbital floor, was operated on under the suspicion of a tumour. histological and bacteriological examinations as well as fungus cultures indicated, however, that the patient was suffering from a chronic infection caused by penicillium notatum. s ... | 1986 | 3531745 |
| [effect of addition of fats on the intensity of perception of vital dyes by cells of penicillium chrysogenum]. | | 1970 | 4191901 |
| mycoflora and trichothecene toxins of paddy grains from egypt. | 120 species and 38 genera were collected from 64 samples of paddy grains on glucose- and cellulose-czapek's agar at 28 degrees c. the total count of glycophilic and cellulose-decomposing fungi fluctuated between 216-29760; and 124-11320 colonies/g paddy grains on the two media, respectively. on glucose agar, the most common species were aspergillus niger, a. flavus, a. sydowi, a. terreus, a. fumigatus, a. ochraceus, penicillium chrysogenum, p. corylophilum, fusarium oxysporum, alternaria alterna ... | 1987 | 3696188 |
| inhibition of cellular protein synthesis by double-stranded rna: inactivation of an initiation factor. | inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates by double-stranded rna is caused by the inactivation of if-3, an initiation factor required for the recycling of ribosomes and for their binding to messenger rna. the evidence for this is that (i) the inhibition can be overcome by addition of exogenous if-3; (ii) double-stranded rna inactivates stoichiometric amounts of if-3; (iii) double-stranded rna forms a complex with if-3; and (iv) double-stranded dna, which lacks inhibitory act ... | 1973 | 4197930 |