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independent duplications of a-amylase in different strains of aspergillus oryzae.aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus that has arisen through the ancient domestication of aspergillus flavus for making traditional oriental foods and beverages. in the many centuries a. oryzae has been used for fermenting the starch in rice to simple sugars, it has undergone selection for increased secretion of starch-degrading enzymes. in particular, all a. oryzae strains investigated thus far have two or more copies of a gene encoding a-amylase, whereas a. flavus has only one. here we i ...201121277379
preparation of different types of miso with mixture of starters and their effects on endogenous antioxidant of liver and kidney of mice.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of feeding the male mice with miso that was prepared with a mixture of microbial starters on the level of lipid peroxidation as a marker of oxidative stress, antioxidant power of hepatocytes, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant. the starters that were used in the preparation of miso were aspergillus oryzae and pleurotus ostreaus or a. oryzae and bacillus subtilis. the miso that was prepared with a. oryzae and bacillus subtilis has ...201121288263
functional analysis and subcellular location of two flavohemoglobins from aspergillus oryzae.multiple flavohemoglobin (fhb) homolog genes are found in the genomes of eukaryotic microorganisms, but their functions remain unknown. in this study, two distinct types of fhbs (predictive cytosolic fhb1 and predictive mitochondrial fhb2) from the fungus aspergillus oryzae were investigated to elucidate the physiological roles of these fhbs. the fhb1 gene responded to external nitric oxide (no) stress at the transcriptional level, whereas the fhb2 gene did not. disrupting fhb1 increased cell hy ...201120817113
modeling enzyme production with aspergillus oryzae in pilot scale vessels with different agitation, aeration, and agitator types.the purpose of this article is to demonstrate how a model can be constructed such that the progress of a submerged fed-batch fermentation of a filamentous fungus can be predicted with acceptable accuracy. the studied process was enzyme production with aspergillus oryzae in 550 l pilot plant stirred tank reactors. different conditions of agitation and aeration were employed as well as two different impeller geometries. the limiting factor for the productivity was oxygen supply to the fermentation ...201121370231
ms/ms fragmentation-guided search of tmg-chitooligomycins and their structure-activity relationship in specific ß-n-acetylglucosaminidase inhibition.the reducing tetrasaccharide tmg-chitotriomycin (1) is an inhibitor of ß-n-acetylglucosaminidase (glcnacase), produced by the actinomycete streptomyces anulatus nbrc13369. the inhibitor shows a unique inhibitory spectrum, that is, selectivity toward enzymes from chitin-containing organisms such as insects and fungi. nevertheless, its structure-selectivity relationship remains to be clarified. in this study, we conducted a structure-guided search of analogues of 1 in order to obtain diverse n,n,n ...201121373681
structure of a dimeric fungal a-type carbonic anhydrase.the crystal structure of aspergillus oryzae carbonic anhydrase (aoca) was determined at 2.7å resolution and it revealed a dimer, which only has precedents in the a class in two membrane and cancer-associated enzymes. a carbonic anhydrases are underrepresented in fungi compared to the ß class, this being the first structural representative. the overall fold and zinc binding site resemble other well studied carbonic anhydrases. a major difference is that the histidine, thought to be the major prot ...201121377464
aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase partition in potassium phosphate-polyethylene glycol aqueous two-phase systems.the aim of this work is to study the partitioning of alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae in polyethylene glycol-potassium phosphate systems formed by polymers of different molecular masses with different total concentrations, several nacl concentrations and different volume ratio between the phases and at different temperatures. the enzyme was partitioned towards the top phase in the 2000-molecular-mass polyethylene glycol systems and towards the bottom phase in the other systems analyzed with ...201121397633
detection of viral microrna with s1 nuclease protection assay.mammalian host cells and their viral pathogens express and make use of short noncoding rna molecules to control the infectious cycle. in order to understand their physiological role, it is necessary to develop tools for detection and quantification of these molecules. here, we present a simple, specific, and very sensitive protocol using short radioactive dna oligonucleotides for hybridization to homologous rna target in a nuclease protection assay. the s1 nuclease from aspergillus oryzae degrad ...201121431685
sake yeast strains have difficulty in entering a quiescent state after cell growth cessation.sake yeast strains produce a high concentration of ethanol during sake brewing compared to laboratory yeast strains. as ethanol fermentation by yeast cells continues even after cell growth stops, analysis of the physiological state of the stationary phase cells is very important for understanding the mechanism of producing higher concentrations of ethanol. we compared the physiological characteristics of stationary phase cells of both sake and laboratory yeast strains in an aerobic batch culture ...201121459038
automatic measurement of sake fermentation kinetics using a multi-channel gas monitor system.in small-scale sake brewing tests, progression of ethanol fermentation is examined by monitoring carbon dioxide emission using the fermograph, an automated multi-channel gas monitor instrument. the fermograph system enables automatic measurements of fermentation profiles with high accuracy, reproducibility, and resolution, and facilitates comprehensive and quantitative sake fermentation kinetic analyses.201121470907
identification of a major xylanase from aspergillus flavus as a 14-kd protein.aspergillus flavus k49 secreted at least two xylanase activities when grown on a medium containing larch (wood) xylan as a sole carbon source. enzyme activity was assayed using an agar medium containing remazol brilliant blue r conjugated oat spelt xylan as substrate. crude enzyme preparations were inhibited by hg(+2), with an ed(50) of 17.5 mm and maximum inhibition of 83% at 50 mm. a concentrated sample of a. flavus k49 xylanase preparation was subjected to gel filtration chromatography on a p ...201121479830
fermentation temperature affects the antioxidant activity of the enzyme-ripened sufu, an oriental traditional fermented product of soybean.in this study, sufu, a chinese traditional fermented product of soybean, was prepared by ripening salted tofu cubes in the mash of aspergillus oryzae-fermented rice-soybean koji possessing various hydrolytic enzymes at 25°c, 37°c and 45°c. antioxidant activity including 2,2-diphenyl-2-picylhydoxyl (dpph) radical-scavenging activity, fe(2+)-chelating ability and reducing power exerted by the methanol extract of sufu was determined and compared with that of the non-fermented tofu extract. it was f ...201121497549
highly efficient biodiesel production by a whole-cell biocatalyst employing a system with high lipase expression in aspergillus oryzae.in the present study, a system with high lipase expression in aspergillus oryzae was developed using an improved enolase promoter (p-enoa124) and the 5' untranslated region of a heat-shock protein (hsp-utr). p-enoa142 enhanced the transcriptional level of a heterologous lipase gene and hsp-utr improved its translational efficiency. fusarium heterosporum lipase (fhl) was inserted into a psensu-fhl expression vector harboring p-enoa142 and hsp-utr and was transformed into an a. oryzae ns4 strain. ...201121380514
functional analysis of the putative aaa atpase aipa localizing at the endocytic sites in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.we searched for novel components involved in aspergillus oryzae endocytosis by yeast two-hybrid (yth) screening. using the endocytic marker protein aoabp1 (a. oryzae homolog of saccharomyces cerevisiae abp1p) as bait, a putative aaa (atpases associated with diverse cellular activities) atpase encoded by a gene termed aipa (aoabp1 interacting protein) was identified. further yth analyses showed that the 346-370 amino-acid region of aipa interacts with the sh3 (src homology 3) domains of aoabp1. m ...201121507053
enzymatic properties of the recombinant serine-type carboxypeptidase ocpc, which is unique to aspergillus oryzae.gene ao090103000153 is unique to aspergillus oryzae rib40 and a. flavus nrrl3357, and is speculated to encode a serine-type carboxypeptidase. in this study, we purified and characterized a heterologously expressed gene product of ao090103000153. 5'-rapid amplification of cdna ends indicated that the translation start site of the gene is located 1,586 bp downstream of the translation start site predicted by the genome sequencing project. the gene, starting from the revised translation start codon ...201121512241
synthesis, antibacterial activity and quantum-chemical studies of novel 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole analogues.a new series of 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole derivatives (2a-k) was designed and synthesized through a rapid, simple, and efficient methodology in excellent isolated yield. these compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activities against eight bacteria, e.g. bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli, and three fungi e.g. aspergillus oryzae, candida albicans, a ...201121532194
identification and modulation of the key amino acid residue responsible for the ph sensitivity of neoculin, a taste-modifying protein.neoculin occurring in the tropical fruit of curculigo latifolia is currently the only protein that possesses both a sweet taste and a taste-modifying activity of converting sourness into sweetness. structurally, this protein is a heterodimer consisting of a neoculin acidic subunit (nas) and a neoculin basic subunit (nbs). recently, we found that a neoculin variant in which all five histidine residues are replaced with alanine elicits intense sweetness at both neutral and acidic ph but has no tas ...201121559382
septum-directed secretion in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.although exocytosis in fungal cells takes place at hyphal tips, there also seems a line of circumstantial evidence suggesting the occurrence of exocytosis at other sites of cells, such as septa. to investigate whether exocytosis takes place at fungal septa, we monitored dynamics of egfp-fused α-amylase (amyb-egfp), the representative secretory enzyme of the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. we found that amyb-egfp accumulates in spitzenkörper at hyphal tips as well as septal periplasm betwe ...201121564341
characterization of an aspergillus oryzae cysteinyl dipeptidase expressed in escherichia coli.cysteinyl dipeptidase from aspergillus oryzae (cdpa) was produced in escherichia coli and purified. the enzyme showed activity specific toward cysteine-containing dipeptides, but its substrate specificity was distinct from those of other cysteinyl dipeptidases of the m20 family. it was optimally active at ph 7-8 and stable at ph 6-9 and at up to 40 °c.201121228467
five carboxin-resistant mutants exhibited various responses to carboxin and related fungicides.five carboxin-resistant mutants from aspergillus oryzae were characterized by the sensitivities of their mycelial growth and succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) activity to carboxin and three related fungicides. despite a significant resistance to carboxin, exhibited by all the mutants, their patterns of sensitivity to the other fungicides was distinct. this provides clues to the molecular interaction between sdh and these fungicides.201121228470
heterologous expression of aspergillus oryzae xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase genes facilitated xylose utilization in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.the cdna encoding a putative xylose reductase (xyra) from aspergillus oryzae was cloned and coexpressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae with a. oryzae xylitol dehydrogenase cdna (xdha). xyra exhibited nadph-dependent xylose reductase activity. the s. cerevisiae strain, overexpressing the xyra, xdha, endogenous xks1, and tal1 genes, grew on xylose as sole carbon source, and produced ethanol.201121228482
fermented soybean liquid alleviated peptic ulcer through the destruction of acidic proton pump rather than suppression of urease of helicobacter pylori : a kinetic analysis.fermented soybean liquid (fsl) has been well cited for its broad spectrum of biological effects, yet its documented gastropeptic ulcer (gpu) ameliorating effect is still lacking. it was hypothesized that to avoid the injury exerted by gastric fluid, hp has to be sheltered in chyme emulsions immediately on infection. the hp urease (hpu) and the acidic proton pump (pp) may act as the "two-point ph modulator" to maintain an optimum ph between 6 and 7, and fsl is able to destroy such a modulating me ...201121591741
oral administration of multispecies microbial supplements to sows influences the composition of gut microbiota and fecal organic acids in their post-weaned piglets.the timings of the administration of microbial supplements to control the populations of gut microbiota of piglets have been poorly understood. here the effects of temporal administering multispecies microbial supplements to sows on the composition of gut microbiota and on the bacteria-mediated fecal metabolites in their offsprings were investigated. during gestation and lactation, pregnant sows were fed either a normal diet (group a) or a diet with multispecies supplements comprised of nine mic ...201121592857
xylose triggers reversible phosphorylation of xlnr, the fungal transcriptional activator of xylanolytic and cellulolytic genes in aspergillus oryzae.xlnr is a transcription factor that mediates d-xylose-triggered induction of xylanolytic and cellulolytic genes in aspergillus. in order to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying xlnr-mediated induction, aspergillus oryzae xlnr was fused with the c-myc tag and examined by western blotting. phosphate-affinity sds-page revealed that xlnr was present as a mixture of variously phosphorylated forms in the absence of d-xylose, and that d-xylose triggered additional phosphorylation of the protein. ...201121597200
post-genomic approaches to understanding interactions between fungi and their environment.fungi inhabit every natural and anthropogenic environment on earth. they have highly varied life-styles including saprobes (using only dead biomass as a nutrient source), pathogens (feeding on living biomass), and symbionts (co-existing with other organisms). these distinctions are not absolute as many species employ several life styles (e.g. saprobe and opportunistic pathogen, saprobe and mycorrhiza). to efficiently survive in these different and often changing environments, fungi need to be ab ...201122679591
protease inhibitor from moringa oleifera with potential for use as therapeutic drug and as seafood preservative.protease inhibitors are well known to have several applications in medicine and biotechnology. several plant sources are known to return potential protease inhibitors. in this study plants belonging to different families of leguminosae, malvaceae, rutaceae, graminae and moringaceae were screened for the protease inhibitor. among them moringa oleifera, belonging to the family moringaceae, recorded high level of protease inhibitor activity after ammonium sulfate fractionation. m. oleifera, which g ...201123961135
kinetic analysis of batch ethanol acetylation in isothermal non-stationary multiphase systems by lyophilized mycelium of aspergillus oryzae.a relatively complex network of reactions has been investigated, using as a network model the isothermal batch esterification of acetic acid with ethanol in n-heptane catalyzed by lyophilized mycelium of aspergillus oryzae. the kinetic analysis was firstly carried out on the whole system, without any simplification, by means of the well-known integral method. owing to the poor results obtained by this way, we developed an alternative approach, combining initial rates and integral analysis and re ...201124031645
mutagenesis of aspergillus oryzae ipt-301 to improve the production of β-fructofuranosidase.aspergillus oryzae ipt-301, previously reported as a β-fructofuranosidase producing microorganism, was successfully mutated using uv irradiation at 253.7 nm followed by the screening of survivors resistant to certain stress conditions. strains were first subjected to the β-fructofuranosidase activity assay using a portion from the colony grown in petri dish as the enzyme source. seven mutants with β-fructofuranosidase activity values relative to the parent culture between 140 - 190% were selecte ...201024031480
purification and characterization of an intracellular beta-glucosidase from the protoplast fusant of aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.protoplasts of aspergillus oryzae 3.481 and aspergillus niger 3.316 were prepared using cellulose and snail enzyme with 0.6 m nacl as osmotic stabilizer. protoplast fusion has been performed using 35% polyethylene glycol 4.000 with 0.01 mm cacl2. the fused protoplasts have been regenerated on regeneration medium and fusants were selected for further studies. an intracellular beta-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21) was purified from the protoplast fusant of aspergillus oryzae 3.481 and aspergillus niger 3 ...201021254729
loss of aspergillus oryzae amyr function indirectly affects hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic enzyme production.aspergillus oryzae ab390, a derivative of a. oryzae or101, was found to be suitable for soy sauce production, yielding a product light brown in color. compared to the parent strain, hemicellulase and cellulase activities in the mutant were higher; however, its amylase activity was found to be much lower. to determine the cause of these differences, the enzymatic profile change, as a function of the carbon source in submerged cultures, was examined. amylase activity in ab390 was hardly detectable ...201021193346
regioselective deglycosylation of onion quercetin glucosides by saccharomyces cerevisiae.bioconversion of quercetin glucosides using four generally recognized as safe (gras) organisms (aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, and saccharomyces cerevisiae) was evaluated by measuring changes in the levels of quercetin compounds of onion. of the four organisms, s. cerevisiae increased the content of quercetin-3-o-β-d-glucoside (iii; isoquercitrin) and quercetin (iv), whereas decreasing quercetin-3,4'-o-β-d-glucoside (i) and quercetin-4'-o-β-d-glucoside (ii). also ...201021188617
macroautophagy-mediated degradation of whole nuclei in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.filamentous fungi consist of continuum of multinucleate cells called hyphae, and proliferate by means of hyphal tip growth. accordingly, research interest has been focusing on hyphal tip cells, but little is known about basal cells in colony interior that do not directly contribute to proliferation. here, we show that autophagy mediates degradation of basal cell components in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. in basal cells, enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp)-labeled peroxisomes, ...201021187926
breeding and identification of novel koji molds with high activity of acid protease by genome recombination between aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.acid protease is essential for degradation of proteins during soy sauce fermentation. to breed more suitable koji molds with high activity of acid protease, interspecific genome recombination between a. oryzae and a. niger was performed. through stabilization with d-camphor and haploidization with benomyl, several stable fusants with higher activity of acid protease were obtained, showing different degrees of improvement in acid protease activity compared with the parental strain a. oryzae. in a ...201021107641
molecular evolution and characterization of fungal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases.indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (tdo) are tryptophan-degrading enzymes. mammalian ido expression is induced by cytokines and has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. a major role of mammalian tdo is to supply nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad(+)). in fungi, the ido homologue is thought to be expressed constitutively and supply nad(+), as tdo is absent from their genomes. here, we reveal the distribution of ido genes among fungal species and characteri ...201021170645
in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide by carbohydrate oxidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase for bleaching purposes.the carbohydrate oxidase from microdochium nivale (caox), heterologously expressed in aspergillus oryzae, and cellobiose dehydrogenase from myriococcum thermophilum (mtcdh), were assessed for their ability to generate bleaching species at a ph suitable for liquid detergents. the substrate specificities of caox and mtcdh were analyzed on a large variety of soluble and insoluble substrates, using oxygen as an electron receptor. even insoluble substrates like cellulose were oxidized from both caox ...201021117085
asporyergosterol, a new steroid from an algicolous isolate of aspergillus oryzae.asporyergosterol (1), a new steroid with an e double bond between c-17 and c-20, was identified from the culture extracts of aspergillus oryzae, an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine red alga heterosiphonia japonica. moreover, four known steroids including (22e,24r)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (2), (22e,24r)-3beta-hydroxyergosta-5,8,22-trien-7-one (3), (22e,24r)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol (4), and (22e,24r)-5alpha,8alpha-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3beta-ol (5) were ...201021121251
production of 3,4-dihydroxy l-phenylalanine by a newly isolated aspergillus niger and parameter significance analysis by plackett-burman design.the amino acid derivative 3,4-dihydroxy l-phenylalanine (l-dopa) is gaining interest as a drug of choice for parkinson's disease. aspergillus oryzae is commonly used for l-dopa production; however, a slower growth rate and relatively lower tyrosinase activity of mycelia have led to an increasing interest in exploiting alternative fungal cultures. in the present investigation, we report on the microbiological transformation of l-tyrosine to l-dopa accomplished by a newly isolated filamentous fung ...201021143944
integrated analysis of the global transcriptional response to α-amylase over-production by aspergillus oryzae.the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae is an important microbial cell factory for industrial production of many enzymes, such as α-amylase. in order to optimize the industrial enzyme production process, there is a need to understand fundamental processes underlying enzyme production, here under how enzyme production links to metabolism through global regulation. through a genome-scale metabolic network for integrated analysis of transcriptome data and flux calculation, we identified key playe ...201021165907
gc-ms based metabolite profiling of rice koji fermentation by various fungi.in this study, aspergillus kawachii, aspergillus oryzae, and rhizopus sp., were utilized for rice koji fermentation, and the metabolites were analyzed in a time-dependent manner by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. on principal component analysis, the metabolite patterns were clearly distinguished based on the fungi species. this approach revealed that the quantities of glucose, galactose, and glycerol gradually increased as a function of fermentation time in all trials rice koji fermentatio ...201021071848
in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide by carbohydrate oxidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase for bleaching purposes.the carbohydrate oxidase from microdochium nivale (caox), heterologously expressed in aspergillus oryzae, and cellobiose dehydrogenase from myriococcum thermophilum (mtcdh), were assessed for their ability to generate bleaching species at a ph suitable for liquid detergents. the substrate specificities of caox and mtcdh were analyzed on a large variety of soluble and insoluble substrates, using oxygen as an electron receptor. even insoluble substrates like cellulose were oxidized from both caox ...201021298807
indoloditerpenes from an algicolous isolate of aspergillus oryzae.two new indoloditerpene derivatives asporyzin a (1) and asporyzin b (2), one new indoloditerpene asporyzin c (3), and three known related indoloditerpenes jbir-03 (4), emindole sb (5), and emeniveol (6) were isolated from an endophytic fungus aspergillus oryzae, isolated from the marine red alga heterosiphonia japonica. their structures were unambiguously established by spectroscopic techniques. in addition, all the isolates were evaluated preliminarily for insecticidal and antimicrobial activit ...201020797856
in vivo imaging of endoplasmic reticulum and distribution of mutant α-amylase in aspergillus oryzae.properly folded proteins destined for secretion exit through a specific subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) known as transitional er (ter) sites or er exit sites (eres). while such proteins in filamentous fungi localize at the hyphal tips overlapping the spitzenkörper, the distribution of misfolded proteins remains unknown. in the present study, we analyzed the distribution of mutant protein as well as er and ter sites visualized by expression of aoclxa and aosec13 fused with fluorescent ...201020884367
disruption of ten protease genes in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae highly improves production of heterologous proteins.proteolytic degradation by secreted proteases into the culture medium is one of the significant problems to be solved in heterologous protein production by filamentous fungi including aspergillus oryzae. double (tppa, and pepe) and quintuple (tppa, pepe, nptb, dppiv, and dppv) disruption of protease genes enhanced human lysozyme (hly) and bovine chymosin (chy) production by a. oryzae. in this study, we used a quintuple protease gene disruptant and performed successive rounds of disruption for fi ...201020957357
heterologous expression and characterization of a glucose-stimulated β-glucosidase from the termite neotermes koshunensis in aspergillus oryzae.neotermes koshunensis is a lower termite that secretes endogenous β-glucosidase in the salivary glands. this β-glucosidase (g1nkbg) was successfully expressed in aspergillus oryzae. g1nkbg was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant through ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange, hydrophobic, and gel filtration chromatographies with a 48-fold increase in purity. the molecular mass of the native enzyme appeared as a single band at 60 kda after gel filtration analysis, indi ...201021057947
expression, purification and characterization of recombinant α-glucosidase in pichia pastoris.an expression plasmid containing the agda gene encoding aspergillus oryzae zl-1 α-glucosidase was constructed and expressed in pichia pastoris x-33. the molar mass of the purified protein was estimated by sds-page. hplc analysis showed that the purified enzyme has a transglucosylating activity with maltose as substrate. the main component of the enzyme products was panose, while amounts of isomaltose and isomaltotriose were very low or absent. ph 5.2 and temperature of 37 °c were optimum for enz ...201021253902
a novel aspergillus oryzae esterase that hydrolyzes 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters.in this study we report the biochemical characterization of a hypothetical protein from aspergillus oryzae exhibiting sequence identity with feruloyl esterase and tannase from the genus aspergillus. the purified recombinant protein showed a hydrolytic activity toward the ethyl, propyl, or butyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, but did not show feruloyl esterase or tannase activity. finally, the enzyme decreased the antimicrobial activity of parabens against a. oryzae via hydrolysis of the ester ...201020728445
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of two beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase homologs of coccidioides posadasii.two full-length cdnas were isolated from coccidioides posadasii that encode two deduced proteins (cphex1 and cphex2) with homology to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family of beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases. cphex1 consists of 595 amino acids, has a predicted molecular mass of 68 kda and shares the highest identity with the n-acetylhexosaminidase (naga) of aspergillus nidulans, while cphex2 consists of 603 amino acids, has a predicted molecular mass of 68.5 kda and shares the highest identity with nag1 ...201020109094
molecular strategy for identification in aspergillus section flavi.abstract aspergillus flavus is one of the most common contaminants that produces aflatoxins in foodstuffs. it is also a human allergen and a pathogen of animals and plants. aspergillus flavus is included in the aspergillus section flavi that comprises 11 closely related species producing different profiles of secondary metabolites. a six-step strategy has been developed that allows identification of nine of the 11 species. first, three real-time pcr reactions allowed us to discriminate four grou ...201020113354
enzymatic synthesis and characterization of hydroquinone galactoside using kluyveromyces lactis lactase.hydroquinone galactoside (hq-gal) as a potential skin whitening agent was synthesized by the reaction of lactase (beta-galactosidase) from kluyveromyces lactis, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus circulans, and thermus sp. with lactose as a donor and hq as an acceptor. among these lactases, the acceptor reaction involving hq and lactose with k. lactis lactase showed a higher conversion ratio to hq-gal (60.27%). hq-gal was purified using butanol partitioning and silica gel column chromatography. the st ...201020687552
characterization of a cellobiohydrolase (mocel6a) produced by magnaporthe oryzae.three gh-6 family cellobiohydrolases are expected in the genome of magnaporthe grisea based on the complete genome sequence. here, we demonstrate the properties, kinetics, and substrate specificities of a magnaporthe oryzae gh-6 family cellobiohydrolase (mocel6a). in addition, the effect of cellobiose on mocel6a activity was also investigated. mocel6a contiguously fused to a histidine tag was overexpressed in m. oryzae and purified by affinity chromatography. mocel6a showed higher hydrolytic act ...201020709852
identifying 8-hydroxynaringenin as a suicide substrate of mushroom tyrosinase.a biotransformed metabolite of naringenin was isolated from the fermentation broth of aspergillus oryzae, fed with naringenin, and identified as 8-hydroxynaringenin based on the mass and (1)h- and (13)c-nmr spectral data. the compound showed characteristics of both an irreversible inhibitor and a substrate of mushroom tyrosinase in preincubation and hplc analysis. these results demonstrate that 8-hydroxynaringenin belongs to a suicide substrate of mushroom tyrosinase. the partition ratio between ...201020587349
a novel pathway for nicotine degradation by aspergillus oryzae 112822 isolated from tobacco leaves.an efficient nicotine-degrading fungus was isolated from tobacco leaves and identified as aspergillus oryzae 112822 based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of 18s rdna, 5.8s rdna and the internal transcribed spacer (5.8s-its region). when the strain was cultured in a medium with tobacco leaf extract for 40 h, the maximum amount of cell growth was 3.6 g l(-1) and nicotine degradation was 2.19 g l(-1). the intermediates of nicotine degradation by resting cells were isolated by ...201020600861
uniform culture in solid-state fermentation with fungi and its efficient enzyme production.solid-state fermentation (ssf) has attracted a lot of interest for carrying out high-level protein production in filamentous fungi. however, it has problems such as the fermentation heat generated during the culture in addition to the reduced mobility of substances. these conditions lead to a nonuniform state in the culture substrate and result in low reproducibility. we constructed a non-airflow box (nab) with a moisture permeable fluoropolymer membrane, thereby making it possible to control an ...201021163699
enhanced production and secretion of heterologous proteins by the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae via disruption of vacuolar protein sorting receptor gene aovps10.filamentous fungi have received attention as hosts for heterologous protein production because of their high secretion capability and eukaryotic posttranslational modifications. however, despite these positive attributes, a bottleneck in posttranscriptional processing limits protein yields. the vacuolar protein sorting gene vps10 encodes a sorting receptor for the recognition and delivery of several yeast vacuolar proteins. although it can also target recombinant and aberrant proteins for vacuol ...201020622126
enzymes for the biofunctionalization of poly(ethylene terephthalate).the functionalization of synthetic polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) to improve their hydrophilicity can be achieved biocatalytically using hydrolytic enzymes. a number of cutinases, lipases, and esterases active on polyethylene terephthalate have been identified and characterized. enzymes from fusarium solani, thermomyces insolens, t. lanuginosus, aspergillus oryzae, pseudomonas mendocina, and thermobifida fusca have been studied in detail. thermostable biocatalysts hydrolyzing poly ...201021076908
microbiological and biochemical survey on the transition of fermentative processes in fukuyama pot vinegar brewing.traditional brewing of fukuyama pot vinegar is a process that has been continued in fukuyama, kagoshima, japan, for almost 200 years. the entire process proceeds from raw materials, including steamed rice, rice koji (steamed rice grown with a fungus, aspergillus oryzae) and water, to produce vinegar in roughly capped large pots laid in the open air. no special fermentative manipulation is required, except for scattering dried rice koji (called furi-koji) on the surface of the mash to form a cap- ...201020647677
a novel enzymatic microreactor with aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase immobilized on silicon dioxide nanosprings.the use of silicon dioxide (sio(2) ) nanosprings as supports for immobilized enzymes in a continuous microreactor is described. a nanospring mat (2.2 cm(2) × 60 μm thick) was functionalized with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, then treated with n-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate (spdp) and dithiothreitol (dtt) to produce surface thiol (--sh) groups. spdp-modified β-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae was immobilized on the thiolated nanosprings by reversible disulfide linkages. the en ...201020661927
molecular strategy for identification in aspergillus section flavi.aspergillus flavus is one of the most common contaminants that produces aflatoxins in foodstuffs. it is also a human allergen and a pathogen of animals and plants. aspergillus flavus is included in the aspergillus section flavi that comprises 11 closely related species producing different profiles of secondary metabolites. a six-step strategy has been developed that allows identification of nine of the 11 species. first, three real-time pcr reactions allowed us to discriminate four groups within ...201020377644
simple metabolite extraction method for metabolic profiling of the solid-state fermentation of aspergillus oryzae.solid-state culture of microorganisms is an important style of culture both in the traditional food industry and in the modern fermentation industry. we propose here a simple method for metabolite extraction from the solid-state fermentation of a filamentous fungus, aspergillus oryzae, which is known as rice-koji. to evaluate the efficiency of metabolite extraction, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc/ms) was used for simultaneous detection of a wide range of metabolites including amino ...201020685162
discovery of a new tyrosinase-like enzyme family lacking a c-terminally processed domain: production and characterization of an aspergillus oryzae catechol oxidase.a homology search against public fungal genome sequences was performed to discover novel secreted tyrosinases. the analyzed proteins could be divided in two groups with different lengths (350-400 and 400-600 residues), suggesting the presence of a new class of secreted enzymes lacking the c-terminal domain. among them, a sequence from aspergillus oryzae (408 aa, aoco4) was selected for production and characterization. aoco4 was expressed in trichoderma reesei under the strong cbh1 promoter. expr ...201019798497
extraction and application of laccases from shimeji mushrooms (pleurotus ostreatus) residues in decolourisation of reactive dyes and a comparative study using commercial laccase from aspergillus oryzae.oxidases are able to degrade organic pollutants; however, high costs associated with biocatalysts production still hinder their use in environmental biocatalysis. our study compared the action of a commercial laccase from aspergillus oryzae and a rich extract from pleurotus ostreatus cultivation residues in decolourisation of reactive dyes: drimaren blue x-3lr (dmblr), drimaren blue x-bln (dmbbln), drimaren rubinol x-3lr (dmr), and drimaren blue c-r (rbbr). the colour removal was evaluated by co ...201021052547
expression and export: recombinant protein production systems for aspergillus.several aspergillus species, in particular aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae, are widely used as protein production hosts in various biotechnological applications. in order to improve the expression and secretion of recombinant proteins in these filamentous fungi, several novel genetic engineering strategies have been developed in recent years. this review describes state-of-the-art genetic manipulation technologies used for strain improvement, as well as recent advances in designing the ...201020532762
enzyme-mediated site-specific antibody-protein modification using a zz domain as a linker.a zz domain (zz) and alkaline phosphatase (ap), luciferase (luc), or glucose oxidase (god) were conjugated using sortase a (srta) from staphylococcus aureus. the specific peptidyl linker for srta was genetically fused to the c-terminus of zz, and the other linker was fused to the n-terminus of ap, luc, or god, respectively. the resultant proteins were obtained separately by bacterial expression. the recombinant peptide-tagged zz and ap, luc, or god were site-specifically conjugated by srta throu ...201021069999
stimulation of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis by proteins of glycoside hydrolase family 61: structure and function of a large, enigmatic family.currently, the relatively high cost of enzymes such as glycoside hydrolases that catalyze cellulose hydrolysis represents a barrier to commercialization of a biorefinery capable of producing renewable transportable fuels such as ethanol from abundant lignocellulosic biomass. among the many families of glycoside hydrolases that catalyze cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis, few are more enigmatic than family 61 (gh61), originally classified based on measurement of very weak endo-1,4-beta-d-gluc ...201020230050
penicillin biosynthesis in aspergillus oryzae and its overproduction by genetic engineering.aspergillus oryzae penicillin biosynthetic genes were clustered. the penicillin production was positively regulated by vea, a global gene regulator required for transcriptional expression of the penicillin biosynthetic genes. overexpression of the biosynthetic genes by a strong promoter yielded a greater than 100-fold increase in penicillin production.201020541108
changes in the contents of sugars and organic acids during the ripening and storage of sufu, a traditional oriental fermented product of soybean cubes.in the present study, sufu, an oriental fermented product of soybeans, was prepared by ripening the tofu cubes in aspergillus oryzae fermented rice-soybean koji mash for 16 days at 37 °c. the sufu product was further kept at room temperature for another 30 days. examining the changes in the sugar content revealed that stachyose, raffinose, and sucrose contents of tofu and rice-soybean koji granules decreased while levels of glucose and fructose increased during the ripening period and after stor ...201021090680
alternative method for quantification of alfa-amylase activity.a modification of the sensitive agar diffusion method was developed for macro-scale determination of alfa-amylase. the proposed modifications lower costs with the utilisation of starch as substrate and agar as supporting medium. thus, a standard curve was built using alfa-amylase solution from aspergillus oryzae, with concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 7,500 u.ml-1. clear radial diffusion zones were measured after 4 hours of incubation at 20 a degrees c. a linear relationship between the logarit ...201020552148
analysis of genome-wide coexpression and coevolution of aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.analysis of coexpressed genes in response to different perturbations at the genome-level can provide new insight into global regulatory structures. here we performed integrated data analysis for a crossspecies comparative investigation by exploring genomes and transcriptional coexpression profiles in aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger. based on our analysis of conserved coexpressed genes, fatty acid catabolism via beta-oxidation, fatty acid transport, the glyoxylate bypass, and peroxisomal ...201020337533
survey of the transcriptome of aspergillus oryzae via massively parallel mrna sequencing.aspergillus oryzae, an important filamentous fungus used in food fermentation and the enzyme industry, has been shown through genome sequencing and various other tools to have prominent features in its genomic composition. however, the functional complexity of the a. oryzae transcriptome has not yet been fully elucidated. here, we applied direct high-throughput paired-end rna-sequencing (rna-seq) to the transcriptome of a. oryzae under four different culture conditions. with the high resolution ...201020392818
a comparative study of activity and apparent inhibition of fungal β-glucosidases.β-glucosidases (bgs) from aspergillus fumigates, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, chaetomium globosum, emericella nidulans, magnaporthe grisea, neurospora crassa, and penicillium brasilianum were purified to homogeneity, and analyzed by isothermal titration calorimetry with respect to their hydrolytic activity and its sensitivity to glucose (product) using cellobiose as substrate. global non-linear regression of several reactions, with or without added glucose, to a product inhibition equa ...201020677177
effect of halotolerant starter microorganisms on chemical characteristics of fermented chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) sauce.chum salmon sauce mash was inoculated with barley koji (barley steamed and molded with aspergillus oryzae ) and halotolerant microorganisms (htms), zygosaccharomyces rouxii , candida versatilis , and tetragenococcus halophilus , in nine different combinations under non-aseptic conditions similar to the industrial fish sauce production and fermented at 35 +/- 2.5 degrees c for 84 days. the changes in the chemical components, color, and sensory properties during fermentation were investigated. fre ...201020405947
direct microbial conversion of wheat straw into lipid by a cellulolytic fungus of aspergillus oryzae a-4 in solid-state fermentation.direct microbial conversion of wheat straw into lipid by a cellulolytic fungus of aspergillus oryzae a-4 in solid-state fermentation (ssf) was investigated. in submerged fermentation, a. oryzae a-4 accumulated lipid to 15-18.15% of biomass when pure cellulose was utilized as the sole substrate. in ssf of the wheat straw and bran mixture, a. oryzae a-4 yielded lipid of 36.6mg/g dry substrate (gds), and a cellulase activity of 1.82 fpu/gds with 25.25% of holocellulose utilization in the substrates ...201020444596
purification and characterization of termite endogenous beta-1,4-endoglucanases produced in aspergillus oryzae.although termites are known to have a highly efficient lignocellulose-digesting system, mass production of native endogenous cellulases of termites has failed in escherchia coli, and in saccharomyces cerevisiae, and it has not been accomplished. here we report the successful production, purification, and characterization of two termite endogenous beta-1,4-endoglucanases, rseg and nteg, from the salivary gland of reticulitermes speratus and the midgut of nasutitermes takasagoensis respectively, u ...201020699551
high-level expression and efficient purification of bioactive swollenin in aspergillus oryzae.the bioactivity of swollenin is beneficial to cellulose decomposition by cellulase despite the lack of hydrolytic activity itself. in order to improve the productivity of swollenin, the effects of culture conditions on the expression level in recombinant aspergillus oryzae were investigated systematically. with regard to the bioactivity of swollenin, glycerin and peanut meal were the optimal carbon or nitrogen source, respectively. the highest level production of swollenin (50 mg l(-1)) was atta ...201020446057
a eukaryotic copper-containing nitrite reductase derived from a nirk homolog gene of aspergillus oryzae.we cloned a bacterial copper-containing nitrite reductase (nirk) homolog gene of aspergillus oryzae (aonirk). alignment showed that amino acid residues crucial for copper binding are conserved in the deduced sequence of the fungal protein. the recombinant protein exhibited distinct nitrite reductase activity, and its absorption and epr spectra showed the presence of type 1 and type 2 copper atoms in the molecule. aonirk transcriptionally responded to denitrification conditions. although the deni ...201020460712
secreted fungal sulfhydryl oxidases: sequence analysis and characterisation of a representative flavin-dependent enzyme from aspergillus oryzae.sulfhydryl oxidases are flavin-dependent enzymes that catalyse the formation of de novo disulfide bonds from free thiol groups, with the reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. sulfhydryl oxidases have been investigated in the food industry to remove the burnt flavour of ultraheat-treated milk and are currently studied as potential crosslinking enzymes, aiming at strengthening wheat dough and improving the overall bread quality.201020727152
contribution of ethanol-tolerant xylanase g2 from aspergillus oryzae on japanese sake brewing.we purified three xylanase isozymes (xynf1, xynf3 and xyng2) from a solid-state aspergillus oryzae rib128 culture using chromatography. the results of our sake-brewing experiment, in which we used exogenously supplemented enzymes, revealed that only xyng2 improved the alcohol yield and the material utilization. the alcohol yield of the xyng2 batch displayed an increase of 4.4% in comparison to the control, and the amount of sake cake decreased by 4.6%. the contribution of xyng2 was further confi ...201020727822
use of the aspergillus oryzae actin gene promoter in a novel reporter system for exploring antifungal compounds and their target genes.demand for novel antifungal drugs for medical and agricultural uses has been increasing because of the diversity of pathogenic fungi and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. genomic resources for various living species, including pathogenic fungi, can be utilized to develop novel and effective antifungal compounds. we used aspergillus oryzae as a model to construct a reporter system for exploring novel antifungal compounds and their target genes. the comprehensive gene expression analysis sh ...201020464390
simultaneous c7- and n1-prenylation of cyclo-l-trp-l-trp catalyzed by a prenyltransferase from aspergillus oryzae.a putative prenyltransferase gene ctrppt was amplified from aspergillus oryzae dsm1147, cloned into pqe70 and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the overproduced his(6)-ctrppt was purified to near homogeneity and incubated with l-tryptophan or tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate. the formation of the enzyme products was monitored with hplc. it was shown that ctrppt differed clearly from other known indole prenyltransferases in several aspects. thi ...201020473424
a randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of dietary energy sources, feed supplements, and the presence of super-shedders on the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in feedlot cattle using different diagnostic procedures.alteration of the gastro-intestinal tract through manipulation of cattle diets has been proposed as a preharvest control measure to reduce fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7. the objective of this study was to examine the effects of the energy source's moisture content (high moisture corn and dry whole-shelled corn), two natural feed supplements (saccaromyces cerevisiae boulardii cncm 1079-levucell and aspergillus oryzae-amaferm), and two levels of vitamin a (2200 iu/kg and no supplement ...201020500082
functional hypothesis on miraculin' sweetness by a molecular dynamics approach.miraculin differs from other sweet-tasting proteins because it is a taste-modifier having the unusual property of modifying sourness into sweetness. its dimer is covalently linked by an inter-chain disulphide bond, and shows its taste-modifying activity at acidic ph, with maximum at ph 3.0, while it is flat at neutral ph. previous studies suggested the importance of two histidine residues for the taste-modifying activity of miraculin. in this work, we have conducted molecular dynamics simulation ...201020451498
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of formate oxidase, an enzyme of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family.formate oxidase (fod), which catalyzes the oxidation of formate to yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, belongs to the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase (gmco) family. fod from aspergillus oryzae rib40, which has a modified fad as a cofactor, was crystallized at 293 k by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystal was orthorhombic and belonged to space group c222(1). diffraction data were collected from a single crystal to 2.4 a resolution.201020823527
4-deoxy-substrates for beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases: how to make use of their loose specificity.beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases feature so-called wobbling specificity, which means that they cleave substrates both in gluco- and galacto- configurations, with the activity ratio depending on the enzyme source. here we present the new finding that fungal beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases are able to hydrolyze and transfer 4-deoxy-n-acetylhexosaminides with high yields. this clearly demonstrates that the 4-hydroxy moiety at the substrate pyranose ring is not essential for substrate binding to the enzyme ...201020466648
identification of csypyrone b1 as the novel product of aspergillus oryzae type iii polyketide synthase csyb.as a novel superfamily of type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) in microbes, four genes, csya, csyb, csyc, and csyd, were found in the genome of aspergillus oryzae, an industrially important filamentous fungus. although orthologs of csya, csyc, and csyd genes are present in a closely related species, aspergillus flavus, csyb gene is unique to a. oryzae. to identify its function, we carried out overexpression of csyb gene under the control of alpha-amylase promoter in a. oryzae. 3-(3-acetyl-4-hydr ...201020471846
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from herba moslae.herba moslae is a well-known edible and medicinal plant in china, and the essential oil, which is assumed to contain the active components, was isolated by steam distillation method. the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity and the antioxidant activity of the essential oil from herba moslae.201020474054
solanapyrone synthase, a possible diels-alderase and iterative type i polyketide synthase encoded in a biosynthetic gene cluster from alternaria solani.the solanapyrone biosynthetic gene cluster was cloned from alternaria solani. it consists of six genes-sol1-6-coding for a polyketide synthase, an o-methyltransferase, a dehydrogenase, a transcription factor, a flavin-dependent oxidase, and cytochrome p450. the prosolanapyrone synthase (pss) encoded by sol1 was expressed in aspergillus oryzae and its product was identified as desmethylprosolanapyrone i (8). although pss is closely related to the pkss/diels-alderases lovb and mlca of lovastatin a ...201020486243
display of both n- and c-terminal target fusion proteins on the aspergillus oryzae cell surface using a chitin-binding module.a novel cell surface display system in aspergillus oryzae was established by using a chitin-binding module (cbm) from saccharomyces cerevisiae as an anchor protein. cbm was fused to the n or c terminus of green fluorescent protein (gfp) and the fusion proteins (gfp-cbm and cbm-gfp) were expressed using a. oryzae as a host. western blotting and fluorescence microscopy analysis showed that both gfp-cbm and cbm-gfp were successfully expressed on the cell surface. in addition, cell surface display o ...201020499230
phylogeny of fungal hemoglobins and expression analysis of the aspergillus oryzae flavohemoglobin gene fhba during hyphal growth.the fhba genes encoding putative flavohemoglobins (fhb) from aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae were isolated. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the a. niger fhba gene and other putative filamentous fungal fhb-encoding genes to that of ralstonia eutropha shows an overall conserved gene structure and completely conserved catalytic amino acids. several yeasts and filamentous fungi, including both aspergillus species have been found to contain a small fhb gene family mostly con ...201020960969
screening and identification of a fungal β-glucosidase and the enzymatic synthesis of gentiooligosaccharide.after screening with 0.1% esculoside and 0.03% fecl(3), we identified from rotten wood a fungal isolate hml0366 that produces high amount of β-glucosidase. phenotypic and rdna internal transcribed spacer sequence analyses indicated that the isolate belongs to aspergillus oryzae. the β-glucosidase produced by hml0366 had an activity of 128 u/g. high performance liquid chromatography analysis also demonstrated a high transglycosylation activity of the crude enzyme. the β-glucosidase was stable bet ...201020963514
characterization of recombinant prolyl aminopeptidase from aspergillus oryzae.prolyl aminopeptidase (pap) degrades only amino-terminal proline from peptides. the food-grade fungus aspergillus oryzae produces this enzyme only in small amounts. in this paper, we present efficient production of recombinant pap with an overexpression system of a. oryzae and characterization of its biochemical properties.201020028436
distinct enzymatic and cellular characteristics of two secretory phospholipases a2 in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.microbial secretory phospholipases a(2) (spla(2)s) are among the last discovered and least known members of this functionally diverse family of enzymes. we analyzed here two spla(2)s, named splaa and splab, of the filamentous ascomycete aspergillus oryzae. splaa and splab consist of 222 and 160 amino acids, respectively, and share the conserved cys and catalytic his-asp residues typical of microbial spla(2)s. two spla(2)s differ in ph optimum, ca(2+) requirement and expression profile. the splaa ...201020045482
molecular cloning of ocpo encoding carboxypeptidase o of aspergillus oryzae iam2640.carboxypeptidase o from aspergillus oryzae iam2640 is a serine-type carboxypeptidase. in this study, we cloned and sequenced cdna and genomic dna carrying ocpo encoding carboxypeptidase o. the results showed that the length of ocpo was 1,816 bp, and the open reading frame encoded a putative preproenzyme composed of 472 amino acid residues of the mature carboxypeptidase o and an additional n-terminal sequence of 50 amino acid residues. a blastn search revealed that a gene, ao090020000351, in a. o ...201020460731
bioreduction of trivalent aurum to nano-crystalline gold particles by active and inactive cells and cell-free extract of aspergillus oryzae var. viridis.bioreduction efficacy of both active (ab) and inactive (ib) cells/biomass of aspergillus oryzae var. viridis and their respective cell-free extracts (ace and ice) to convert trivalent aurum to gold nanoparticles were tested in the present study. strong plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles was observed between 540 and 560 nm in the samples obtained from ab, ib, ace and ice. transmission electron microscopy (tem), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem), energy dispersive x-ray (ed ...201020056324
characterization of the palh gene from aspergillus oryzae.we disrupted the palh gene, which is known to participate in the ambient ph signal transduction pathway, in aspergillus oryzae. palh disruption caused significant decreases in pacc expression and alkaline protease activity. hence we believe that palh plays a very important role in controlling the alkaline protease level in a. oryzae.201020057127
evaluation of enzyme mixtures in releasing fermentable sugars from pre-pulping extracts of mixed northeast hardwoods.one near-term option to developing a forest product biorefinery is to derive pre-pulping extract from incoming wood chips before the main pulping step. the release of monomer sugars from a xylan-rich extract, creating a fermentable substrate is a prerequisite for utilization of pre-pulping extract for production of ethanol or other value-added products. this study examined the individual and mixture efficiencies of two hemicellulolytic microbial enzymes and two xylanase preparations in catalyzin ...201020084471
characterization of aroma compounds in chinese rice wine qu by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation and headspace solid-phase microextraction.the aroma of chinese rice wine qu is one of the most important factors that influences the flavor of chinese rice wine. to better understand the aroma of qu, aroma compounds in four wheat qus and two xiao qus were identified by chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o) after solvent extraction followed by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (safe). a total of 39 aroma compounds were characterized by gc-o. on the basis of aroma intensity, 1-hexanal, ethyl hexanoate, 1-octen-3-ol, and phenylacetaldehyde ...201020088505
enhanced thermal and ultrasonic stability of a fungal protease encapsulated within biomimetically generated silicate nanospheres.dendrimers are highly branched synthetic macromolecules with a globular shape. they have been successfully used for generation of nanospheres at mild conditions via biomimetic silicification. encapsulation of enzyme molecules within these nanospheres during their synthesis is a promising method for rapid and efficient entrapment of several enzymes. however, encapsulation of proteolytic enzymes has been rarely done via biomimetic silicification. as well, the operational stability of encapsulated ...201020100547
l-ascorbate, a strong inducer of l-dopa (3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine) production from pre-grown mycelia of aspergillus oryzae nrrl-1560.the inductive effect of l-ascorbate on the microbiological production of l-dopa (3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine) from aspergillus oryzae nrrl-1560 was investigated. all biochemical reactions were performed aerobically using mould mycelia as a source of enzyme tyrosinase and acetate buffer (ph 3.0) as an extractant. l-tyrosine as a substrate was added at a level of 2.5 mg/ml. maximal l-dopa production (1.876 mg/ml) was achieved when l-ascorbate (5.0 mg/ml) was added 6 min after the initiation of t ...201020121699
characterization of aspergillus oryzae glycoside hydrolase family 43 beta-xylosidase expressed in escherichia coli.this is the first report of glycoside hydrolase family 43 beta-xylosidase from aspergillus oryzae. to characterize this enzyme, the recombinant enzyme was expressed in escherichia coli. unlike known beta-xylosidases from fungal origins, the enzyme did not show substrate ambiguity and was stable at alkaline ph.201020129093
analysis of wide-domain transcriptional regulation in solid-state cultures of aspergillus oryzae.many filamentous fungi secrete considerable quantities of enzymes including protease, cellulase and xylanase, which are of major industrial importance. over the past few decades, many of these fungal enzymes have been isolated and their relevant genes characterised. solid-state fermentation (ssf), an ancient technique described as a fermentation process performed on non-soluble material whereby the material acts as a physical support and as a source of nutrients, is widely employed in the produc ...201020145973
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