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characterization of two acetyltransferase genes in the pyripyropene biosynthetic gene cluster from penicillium coprobium.pyripyropenes potently and selectively inhibit acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (acat-2). among multiple isomers of pyripyropene (a to r), pyripyropene a (pya) has insecticidal properties in addition to its growth inhibition properties against human umbilical vein endothelial cells. based on the predicted biosynthetic gene cluster of pyripyropene a, two genes (ppb8 and ppb9) encoding two acetyltransferases (ats) were separately isolated and introduced into the model fungus aspergillus oryz ...201426019565
fungal type iii polyketide synthases.this article covers the literature on fungal type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) published from 2005 to 2014. since the first discovery of fungal type iii pks genes in aspergillus oryzae, reported in 2005, putative genes for type iii pkss have been discovered in fungal genomes. compared with type i pkss, type iii pkss are much less abundant in fungi. however, type iii pkss could have some critical roles in fungi. this article summarizes the studies on fungal type iii pks functional analysis, in ...201425182423
strain development and optimized fermentation conditions for blood meal using aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae.to hydrolyze blood meal (bm) effectively, two mutants were generated using ultra-violet mutagenesis. single-factor experiments, the plackett-burman technique and response surface methodology were used to optimize the fermentation conditions. this study successfully generated a mutant and innovatively provided important parameters for utilizing bm by fermentation, which could be of industrial value.201424726870
antioxidant and antifungal activity of extracts of the aerial parts of thymus capitatus (l.) hoffmanns against four phytopathogenic fungi of citrus sinensis.many medicinal plants from the lamiaceae family can be easily found in algeria. these plants have been used as traditional medicines by local ethnic groups. thymus capitatus is known in algeria as "zaatar" and has been commonly used as a spice, and reported to have many biological effects.201424644439
a novel method for beef potentiator preparation and identification of its characteristic aroma compounds.beef potentiator (bp) is the most popular savoury flavour and regarded as the soul of the modern food industry. in this work, bp was prepared by a novel method with aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger (bpsf). three other bps prepared using commercial enzymes (protamex, flavourzyme and papain; bpces) were used as controls to investigate its aroma characteristics and related compounds.201424374657
genome-scale analysis of the high-efficient protein secretion system of aspergillus oryzae.the koji mold, aspergillus oryzae is widely used for the production of industrial enzymes due to its particularly high protein secretion capacity and ability to perform post-translational modifications. however, systemic analysis of its secretion system is lacking, generally due to the poorly annotated proteome.201424961398
recombinant aspergillus β-galactosidases as a robust glycomic and biotechnological tool.galactosidases are widespread enzymes that are used for manifold applications, including production of prebiotics, biosynthesis of different transgalactosylated products, improving lactose tolerance and in various analytical approaches. the nature of these applications often require galactosidases to be present in a purified form with clearly defined properties, including precisely determined substrate specificities, low sensitivity to inhibitors, and high efficiency and stability under distinct ...201424037406
a promiscuous prenyltransferase from aspergillus oryzae catalyses c-prenylations of hydroxynaphthalenes in the presence of different prenyl donors.prenyltransferases of the dimethylallyltryptophan synthase (dmats) superfamily are involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and show broad substrate specificity towards their aromatic substrates with a high regioselectivity for the prenylation reactions. most members of this superfamily accepted as prenyl donor exclusively dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp). one enzyme, anapt from neosartorya fischeri, was reported recently to use both dmapp and geranyl diphosphate (gpp) as prenyl do ...201424430210
conserved and varied dinucleotide sequences in the genomes of three aspergillus species.both guanine-cytosine content and nucleosome occupancy are higher in exons than in introns. in this study, the association between the frequencies of the dinucleotide sequences and the nucleosome occupancy of the exons and introns of the genes of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus nidulans, and aspergillus oryzae was studied. the frequency of the dinucleotide sequences aa (tt), at, and ta in the introns was more than that in the exons. in addition, the frequency of these sequences in the regions ...201425564023
the aspergillus genome database: multispecies curation and incorporation of rna-seq data to improve structural gene annotations.the aspergillus genome database (aspgd; http://www.aspgd.org) is a freely available web-based resource that was designed for aspergillus researchers and is also a valuable source of information for the entire fungal research community. in addition to being a repository and central point of access to genome, transcriptome and polymorphism data, aspgd hosts a comprehensive comparative genomics toolbox that facilitates the exploration of precomputed orthologs among the 20 currently available asperg ...201424194595
an evaluation of aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production in aspergillus oryzae.to date, edible fungi such as aspergillus flavus var. oryzae (a. oryzae) has been considered as safe. however, some strains can produce mycotoxins. thus, the biosynthetic ability to produce mycotoxins should be reevaluated to determine the safety of edible fungi. we analyzed the production of aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid (cpa) from edible fungi such as a. oryzae isolated from various korean foods using multiplex pcr, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and high-performance liquid chromatogra ...201424853527
non-aflatoxigenicity of commercial aspergillus oryzae strains due to genetic defects compared to aflatoxigenic aspergillus flavus.aspergillus oryzae is generally recognized as safe, but it is closely related to a. flavus in morphology and genetic characteristics. in this study, we tested the aflatoxigenicity and genetic analysis of nine commercial a. oryzae strains that were used in korean soybean fermented products. cultural and hplc analyses showed that none of the commercial strains produced detectable amount of aflatoxins. according to the molecular analysis of 17 genes in the aflatoxin (af) biosynthetic pathway, the c ...201424759426
drosera peltata smith var. lunata (buch.-ham.) c. b. clarke as a feasible source of plumbagin: phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity assay.drosera peltata smith var. lunata (buch.-ham.) c. b. clarke (dpvl) fractions and plumbagin were tested via broth microdilution techniques on rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, penicillium citrinum. all of the test substances [petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fraction and aqueous residue (ar)] except for the ar were active against all the tested strains. the petroleum ether fraction (pef) was the most active (mic = 5.86-46.88 μg/ml, mf ...201424078108
fungal spore concentrations in indoor and outdoor air in university libraries, and their variations in response to changes in meteorological variables.the fungal spore concentration (fsc) in the air poses a risk for human health. this work studied the fsc in university libraries and how it is affected by environmental factors. a total of 347 samples were obtained using a microbio mb2(®) aerosol sampler. the wind speed (ws), cross wind (cw), temperature (t), relative humidity (hr), barometric pressure (bp) and dew point (dp) were recorded using a kestrel(®) 4500 weather station. the median indoor/outdoor fsc was 360/1230 cfu m(-3). fsc correlat ...201424070332
mixed food waste as renewable feedstock in succinic acid fermentation.mixed food waste, which was directly collected from restaurants without pretreatments, was used as a valuable feedstock in succinic acid (sa) fermentation in the present study. commercial enzymes and crude enzymes produced from aspergillus awamori and aspergillus oryzae were separately used in hydrolysis of food waste, and their resultant hydrolysates were evaluated. for hydrolysis using the fungal mixture comprising a. awamori and a. oryzae, a nutrient-complete food waste hydrolysate was genera ...201425149459
structural analysis of cerebrosides from aspergillus fungi: the existence of galactosylceramide in a. oryzae.glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide were detected in three aspergillus species: aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus sojae and aspergillus. awamori, using borate-coated tlc. the cerebrosides from a. oryzae were further purified by ion exchange and iatrobeads column chromatographies with or without borate, and determined the composition of sugar, fatty acid and sphingoid base by gc/ms, maldi-tof/ms and (1)h-nmr. we identified them as β-glucosylceramide and β-galactosylceramide. the ceramide moiety ...201425129050
upgrading the antioxidant potential of cereals by their fungal fermentation under solid-state cultivation conditions.solid-state fermentation (ssf) at 30°c for 72 h with four generally recognized as safe (gras) filamentous fungi (aspergillus oryzae ncim 1212, aspergillus awamori mtcc no. 548, rhizopus oligosporus ncim 1215 and rhizopus oryzae rck2012) showed high efficiency for the improvement of water-soluble total phenolic content (tpc) and antioxidant properties including abts(●+) [2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] and dpph(●) (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging capacities of ...201424964826
fungal hydrolysis in submerged fermentation for food waste treatment and fermentation feedstock preparation.potential of fungal hydrolysis in submerged fermentation by aspergillus awamori and aspergillus oryzae as a food waste treatment process and for preparation of fermentation feedstock has been investigated. by fungal hydrolysis, 80-90% of the initial amount of waste was reduced and degraded within 36-48 h into glucose, free amino nitrogen (fan) and phosphate. experiments revealed that 80-90% of starch can be converted into glucose and highest concentration of fan obtained, when solid mashes of a. ...201424583214
analyzing the relation between the microbial diversity of daqu and the turbidity spoilage of traditional chinese vinegar.vinegar is a traditional fermented condiment, and the microbial diversity of daqu makes the quality of vinegar products. recently, turbidity spoilage of vinegar sharply tampered with the quality of vinegar. in this study, the relation between the microbial diversity of daqu and turbidity spoilage of vinegar was analyzed by plating technique, pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the 16s rrna sequencing and dgge analysis indicated t ...201424691870
biodegradation of nicotine by a novel nicotine-degrading bacterium, pseudomonas plecoglossicida tnd35 and its new biotransformation intermediates.tobacco wastes that contain nicotine alkaloids are harmful to human health and the environment. in the investigation, a novel nicotine-biodegrading bacterium tnd35 was isolated and identified as pseudomonas plecoglossicida on the basis of phenotypic, biochemical characteristics and 16s rrna sequence homology. we have studied the nicotine biodegradation potential of strain tnd35 by detecting the intermediate metabolites using an array of approaches such as hplc, gc-ms, nmr and ft-ir. biotransform ...201423604517
conjugation of deoxynivalenol by alternaria alternata (54028 nrrl), rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis (54029 nrrl) and aspergillus oryzae (5509 nrrl).deoxynivalenol (don, vomitoxin) is a trichothecene mycotoxin which can be considered to be an indicator of fusarium mycotoxin contamination in grain, feed and food. recent studies have described the presence of glucose conjugated don, which is a product of plant metabolism, but there is a lack of information available on don conjugation by fungi. the aim of the current study was, therefore, to investigate the ability of fungi to metabolize don into hydrolysable conjugated don. alternaria alterna ...201424263850
identification of ophiobolin f synthase by a genome mining approach: a sesterterpene synthase from aspergillus clavatus.during a screening of putative diterpene synthase genes found in public databases using the aspergillus oryzae expression system, it was found that a single transformant with the acla_76850 gene from a. clavatus produced a sesterterpene alcohol, ophiobolin f, and three minor sesterterpene hydrocarbons. the sesterterpene synthase has two catalytically independent domains (prenyltransferase/terpene cyclase) which are homologous to those of diterpene synthase, fusicoccadiene synthase. coevolution o ...201323324037
food waste as nutrient source in heterotrophic microalgae cultivation.glucose, free amino nitrogen (fan), and phosphate were recovered from food waste by fungal hydrolysis using aspergillus awamori and aspergillus oryzae. using 100g food waste (dry weight), 31.9 g glucose, 0.28 g fan, and 0.38 g phosphate were recovered after 24h of hydrolysis. the pure hydrolysate has then been used as culture medium and nutrient source for the two heterotrophic microalgae schizochytrium mangrovei and chlorella pyrenoidosa, s. mangrovei and c. pyrenoidosa grew well on the complex ...201323587816
separation and characterization of the immunostimulatory components in unpolished rice black vinegar (kurozu).unpolished rice black vinegar (kurozu), a traditional japanese vinegar, is considered to have beneficial health effects. kurozu is produced via a static fermentation process involving the saccharification of rice by aspergillus oryzae, alcohol fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid by acetic acid bacteria such as acetobacter pasteurianus. since this process requires about 6 months' fermentation and then over a year of aging, most of these organisms ...201323810669
effect of heavy atoms on the thermal stability of α-amylase from aspergillus oryzae.currently, there are no versatile and established methods for improving stability of proteins. in an entirely different approach from conventional techniques such as mutagenesis, we attempted to enhance enzyme stability of α-amylase from aspergillus oryzae using a heavy-atom derivatization technique. we evaluated changes in stability using differential scanning calorimetry (dsc). candidate heavy atoms were identified using the heavy-atom database system hatodas, a web-based tool designed to assi ...201323451229
[influence of fungal elicitor and macroporous resin on shikonin accumulation in hairy roots of arnebia euchroma (royle) johnst].in order to investigate the effects of fungal elicitor and macroporous adsorption resin on shikonin accumulation in hairy roots of arnebia euchroma (royle) johnst, we used spectrophotometry to determine the total naphthoquinone content of the hairy roots, by adding different volume ratio of aspergillus niger elicitor, aspergillus oryzae elicitor, and the macroporous resin into the m-9 liquid medium at different culture time. the results show that the total naphthoquinone content was 2.28 times h ...201323697166
occurrence of toxigenic aspergillus spp. and aflatoxins in selected food commodities of asian origin sourced in the west of scotland.the occurrence of aspergillus moulds and aflatoxins in 12 commercially-available dried foods of asian origin were examined. all food samples, except green beans and three types of dried fruit, contained multiple genera of moulds of which aspergillus (55%) was the most frequently detected. penicillium (15%), rhizopus (11%), mucor (3%), monascus (1%), eurotium (1%) and unidentified (14%) were also observed. the occurrence of aflatoxigenic moulds, however, did not correspond with the occurrence of ...201323416649
investigation of malic acid production in aspergillus oryzae under nitrogen starvation conditions.malic acid has great potential for replacing petrochemical building blocks in the future. for this application, high yields, rates, and titers are essential in order to sustain a viable biotechnological production process. natural high-capacity malic acid producers like the malic acid producer aspergillus flavus have so far been disqualified because of special growth requirements or the production of mycotoxins. as a. oryzae is a very close relative or even an ecotype of a. flavus, it is likely ...201323892740
antifungal effect of allium tuberosum, cinnamomum cassia, and pogostemon cablin essential oils and their components against population of aspergillus species.antifungal activity of allium tuberosum (at), cinnamomum cassia (cc), and pogostemon cablin (patchouli, p) essential oils against aspergillus flavus strains 3.2758 and 3.4408 and aspergillus oryzae was tested at 2 water activity levels (aw : 0.95 and 0.98). main components of tested essential oils were: allyl trisulfide 40.05% (at), cinnamaldehyde 87.23% (cc), and patchouli alcohol 44.52% (p). the minimal inhibitory concentration of the plant essential oils against a. flavus strains 3.2758 and 3 ...201323647469
isolation and characterization of a proteinaceous antifungal compound from lactobacillus plantarum yml007 and its application as a food preservative.korean kimchi is known for its myriad of lactic acid bacteria (lab) with diverse bioactive compounds. this study was undertaken to isolate an efficient antifungal lab strain among the isolated kimchi labs. one thousand and four hundred labs isolated from different kimchi samples were initially screened against aspergillus niger. the strain exhibiting the highest antifungal activity was identified as lactobacillus plantarum yml007 by 16s rrna sequencing and biochemical assays using api 50 chl kit ...201323565693
synthesis of novel 2-amino-4-(5'-substituted 2'-phenyl-1h-indol-3'-yl)-6-aryl-4h-pyran-3-carbonitrile derivatives as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.as a part of systematic investigation of synthesis and biological activities of indole analogues linked to various heterocyclic systems, we have synthesized new compounds viz., 2-amino-4-(5'-substituted 2'-phenyl-1h-indol-3'-yl)-6-aryl-4h-pyran-3-carbonitriles (2a-i), 4,5-diamino-6-(5'-substituted 2'-phenyl-1h-indol-3'-yl)-8-aryl-2-oxo-2,6-dihydrodipyrano [2,3-b:3,2-e]pyridine-3-carbonitriles (3a-i), 4-amino-5-(5'-substituted 2'-phenyl-1h-indol-3-yl)-7-aryl-1h-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(5h)-ones ( ...201323454016
a comparative study of hydrolysis and transglycosylation activities of fungal β-glucosidases.β-glucosidases (bgs) from aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, magnaporthe grisea, neurospora crassa, and penicillium brasilianum were purified to homogeneity, and investigated for their (simultaneous) hydrolytic and transglycosylation activity in samples with high concentrations of either cellobiose or glucose. the rate of the hydrolytic process (which converts one cellobiose to two glucose molecules) shows a maximum around 10-15 mm cellobiose and decreases with further ...201322311644
deletion of creb in aspergillus oryzae increases secreted hydrolytic enzyme activity.aspergillus oryzae has been used in the food and beverage industry for centuries, and industrial strains have been produced by multiple rounds of selection. targeted gene deletion technology is particularly useful for strain improvement in such strains, particularly when they do not have a well-characterized meiotic cycle. phenotypes of an aspergillus nidulans strain null for the creb deubiquitinating enzyme include effects on growth and repression, including increased activity levels of various ...201323835170
base composition and nucleosome density in exonic and intronic regions in genes of the filamentous ascomycetes aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus oryzae.we sequenced nucleosomal dna fragments of the filamentous ascomycetes aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus oryzae and then mapped those sequences on their genomes. we compared the gc content and nucleosome density in the exonic and intronic regions in the genes of a. nidulans and a. oryzae. although the gc content and nucleosome density in the exonic regions tended to be higher than those in the intronic regions, the difference in the distribution of the gc content was more notable than that of ...201323664982
development of a pyrg mutant of aspergillus oryzae strain s1 as a host for the production of heterologous proteins.the ease with which auxotrophic strains and genes that complement them can be manipulated, as well as the stability of auxotrophic selection systems, are amongst the advantages of using auxotrophic markers to produce heterologous proteins. most auxotrophic markers in aspergillus oryzae originate from chemical or physical mutagenesis that may yield undesirable mutations along with the mutation of interest. an auxotrophic a. oryzae strain s1 was generated by deleting the orotidine-5'-monophosphate ...201324381522
molecular identification of isolated fungi from stored apples in riyadh, saudi arabia.fungi causes most plant disease. when fruits are stored at suboptimal conditions, fungi grows, and some produce mycotoxin which can be dangerous for human consumption. studies have shown that the penicillium and monilinia species commonly cause spoilage of fruits, especially apples. several other genera and species were reported to grow to spoil fruits. this study was conducted to isolate and identify fruit spoilage by fungi on apples collected in riyadh, saudi arabia and conduct a molecular ide ...201324235866
high production of llama variable heavy-chain antibody fragment (vhh) fused to various reader proteins by aspergillus oryzae.llama variable heavy-chain antibody fragment (vhh) fused to four different reader proteins was produced and secreted in culture medium by aspergillus oryzae. these fusion proteins consisted of n-terminal reader proteins, vhh, and a c-terminal his-tag sequence which facilitated purification using one-step his-tag affinity chromatography. sds-page analysis of the deglycosylated purified fusion proteins confirmed that the molecular weight of each corresponded to the expected sum of vhh and the resp ...201322752366
identification of antifungal niphimycin from streptomyces sp. kp6107 by screening based on adenylate kinase assay.microbial culture extracts are used for natural product screening to find antifungal lead compounds. a microbial culture extract library was constructed using 343 actinomycete isolates to examine the value of the adenylate kinase (ak) assay for screening to identify antifungal metabolites that disrupt cell integrity in plant pathogenic fungi. a culture extract of streptomyces sp. strain kp6107 lysed cells of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici which resulted in high ak activity. the active ingr ...201322915202
production of biodiesel from plant oil hydrolysates using an aspergillus oryzae whole-cell biocatalyst highly expressing candida antarctica lipase b.for enzymatic biodiesel production from plant oil hydrolysates, an aspergillus oryzae whole-cell biocatalyst that expresses candida antarctica lipase b (r-calb) with high esterification activity was developed. each of soybean and palm oils was hydrolyzed using candida rugosa lipase, and the resultant hydrolysates were subjected to esterification where immobilized r-calb was used as a catalyst. in esterification, r-calb afforded a methyl ester content of more than 90% after 6 h with the addition ...201322850174
a robust whole-cell biocatalyst that introduces a thermo- and solvent-tolerant lipase into aspergillus oryzae cells: characterization and application to enzymatic biodiesel production.to develop a robust whole-cell biocatalyst that works well at moderately high temperature (40-50°c) with organic solvents, a thermostable lipase from geobacillus thermocatenulatus (btl2) was introduced into an aspergillus oryzae whole-cell biocatalyst. the lipase-hydrolytic activity of the immobilized a. oryzae (r-btl) was highest at 50°c and was maintained even after an incubation of 24-h at 60°c. in addition, r-btl was highly tolerant to 30% (v/v) organic solvents (dimethyl carbonate, ethanol, ...201323608501
microbial lipid production from potato processing wastewater using oleaginous filamentous fungi aspergillus oryzae.use of potato processing wastewater for microbial lipid production by oleaginous filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae was studied with the purpose of recycling potato processing wastewater for biodiesel production. the wastewater contained high concentrations of solids, starch and nutrients. sterilization of the potato processing wastewater resulted in a thick gelatinized medium, causing the fungi to grow slow. in order to overcome this problem, the wastewater was diluted with tap water at thre ...201323597680
functional analysis of abp1p-interacting proteins involved in endocytosis of the mcc component in aspergillus oryzae.we have investigated the functions of three endocytosis-related proteins in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. yeast two-hybrid screening using the endocytic marker protein aoabp1 (a.oryzae homolog of saccharomyces cerevisiae abp1p) as a bait identified four interacting proteins named aip (aoabp1 interacting proteins). in mature hyphae, egfp (enhanced green fluorescent protein) fused to aips colocalized with aoabp1 at the hyphal tip region and the plasma membrane, suggesting that aips fu ...201323597630
production and characterization of a new α-glucosidase inhibitory peptide from aspergillus oryzae n159-1.an α-glucosidase inhibitor was developed from aspergillus oryzae n159-1, which was screened from traditional fermented korean foods. the intracellular concentration of the inhibitor reached its highest level when the fungus was cultured in tryptic soy broth medium at 27℃ for five days. the inhibitor was purified using a series of purification steps involving ultrafiltration, sephadex g-25 gel permeation chromatography, strong cation exchange solid phase extraction, reverse-phase high performance ...201324198670
identification of pyroglutamyl peptides in japanese rice wine (sake): presence of hepatoprotective pyroglu-leu.japanese rice wine, sake, is made from steamed rice, water, and lactic acid by "multiple parallel fermentation" with mold (aspergillus oryzae) and yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). nineteen pyroglutamyl peptides were identified in commercially available sake. among them, pyroglu-leu and pyroglu-gln were the major constituents. pyroglu-leu has been demonstrated to attenuate hepatitis and colitis in animal models. commercial products (n = 5) contained pyroglu-leu at concentrations ranging from 40 ...201324175632
engineering hyperthermostability into a mesophilic family 11 xylanase from aspergillus oryzae by in silico design of n-terminus substitution.a mesophilic xylanase from aspergillus oryzae cicc40186 (abbreviated to aoxyn11a) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 11. the thermostability of aoxyn11a was significantly improved by substituting its n-terminus with the corresponding region of a hyperthermostable family 11 xylanase, evxyn11(ts) . the suitable n-terminus of aoxyn11a to be replaced was selected by the comparison of b-factors between aoxyn11a and evxyn11(ts) , which were generated and calculated after a 15 ns molecular dynamic ( ...201323097144
endophytes from an australian native plant are a promising source of industrially useful enzymes.endophytes are microorganisms that live within plant tissues that are potential sources of novel bioactive compounds, including enzymes. we have identified endophytes of the australian native plant eremophilia longifolia which were screened for the production of industrially useful enzymes. seventeen fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaves of e. longifolia and enzyme production was investigated within a range of ph (3.5, 5.5, 7 and 9) and temperatures (9, 25, 37 and 50 °c). amylase was t ...201323054705
activation mechanism of melb tyrosinase from aspergillus oryzae by acidic treatment.the pro form of recombinant tyrosinase from aspergillus oryzae (melb) shows no catalytic activity, but acid treatment (around ph 3.5) of protyrosinase activates it to induce tyrosinase activity. circular dichroism spectra, gel filtration analysis, and colorimetric assay have indicated that acid treatment around ph 3.5 induced the disruption of the conformation of the c-terminal domain covering the enzyme active site. these structural changes induced by the acid treatment may open the entrance to ...201323053534
characterization of a novel lipolytic enzyme from aspergillus oryzae.in this study, we report the characterization of a protein from aspergillus oryzae, exhibiting sequence identity with paraben esterase from the genus aspergillus. the coding region of 1,586 bp, including a 77-bp intron, encoded a protein of 502 amino acids. the gene without the signal peptide of 19 amino acids was cloned into a vector, ppiczαc, and expressed successfully in pichia pastoris as an active extracellular protein. the purified recombinant protein had ph and temperature optima of 7.0-8 ...201323001008
high-level extracellular production and characterization of candida antarctica lipase b in pichia pastoris.the gene encoding lipase b from candida antarctica (calb) was expressed in pichia pastoris after it was synthesized by the recursive pcr and cloned into the pichia expression plasmid, ppiczαa. the calb was successfully secreted in the recombinant p. pastoris strain x-33 with an apparent molecular weight of 34 kda. for 140 h flask culture, the dry cell weight and the extracellular lipase activity reached at 5.4 g/l and 57.9 u/l toward p-nitrophenyl palmitate, respectively. when we performed the f ...201323571105
time-dependent correlation of the microbial community and the metabolomics of traditional barley nuruk starter fermentation.the microbial community and the metabolites of barley nuruk were studied to determine the time-dependent correlation between the fermentation of microbes and metabolites. samples were analyzed by a polyphasic approach based on culture-dependent, culture-independent (pcr-dgge and qpcr analysis), and metabolite analysis using gc-ms. barley nuruk consists of varying amounts of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. the pcr-dgge results showed that only one phylotype, aspergillus oryzae, was predominant throu ...201323563559
inhibition kinetics of lipid oxidation of model foods by using antioxidant extract of fermented soybeans.fermentation by using aspergillus oryzae has been reported to increase antioxidant activity of soybeans significantly. the effectiveness of the extract from fermented soybeans was studied in 3 model foods with different complexities, i.e., linoleic acid emulsion, sunflower oil emulsions and bulk sunflower oil. for the emulsion systems, oxidation at two different ph values (4.5 and 7) was also compared. a reparameterised logistic equation was used to describe and to predict the experimental data. ...201323561179
identification of telomerase rnas from filamentous fungi reveals conservation with vertebrates and yeasts.telomeres are the nucleoprotein complexes at eukaryotic chromosomal ends. telomeric dna is synthesized by the ribonucleoprotein telomerase, which comprises a telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert) and a telomerase rna (ter). ter contains a template for telomeric dna synthesis. filamentous fungi possess extremely short and tightly regulated telomeres. although tert is well conserved between most organisms, ter is highly divergent and thus difficult to identify. in order to identify the ter seque ...201323555591
enhanced thermostability of a mesophilic xylanase by n-terminal replacement designed by molecular dynamics simulation.xylanases have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications. the applicability of xylanases, however, was bottlenecked by their low stabilities at high temperature or extreme ph. the purpose of this work was to enhance the thermostability of a mesophilic xylanase by n-terminal replacement.201323512640
further enhanced production of heterologous proteins by double-gene disruption (δaosedd δaovps10) in a hyper-producing mutant of aspergillus oryzae.the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae is used as one of the most favored hosts for heterologous protein production due to its ability to secrete large amounts of proteins into the culture medium. we previously generated a hyper-producing mutant strain of a. oryzae, aut1, which produced 3.2- and 2.6-fold higher levels of bovine chymosin (chy) and human lysozyme (hly), respectively, compared with the wild-type strain. however, further enhancement of heterologous protein production by multiple ...201323504109
effects of a novel bacterial phytase expressed in aspergillus oryzae on digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in diets fed to weanling or growing pigs.in 2 experiments, 48 weanling (initial bw: 13.5 ± 2.4 kg, exp. 1) and 24 growing pigs (initial bw: 36.2 ± 4.0 kg, exp. 2) were used to determine effects of a novel bacterial 6-phytase expressed in aspergillus oryzae on the apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of phosphorus and calcium in corn-soybean meal diets fed to weanling and growing pigs. in exp. 1 and 2, pigs were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design and a balanced 2 period changeover des ...201323497607
preparation of progenin iii from total steroidal saponins of dioscorea nipponica makino using a crude enzyme from aspergillus oryzae strain.progenin iii, one of the most active spirostanol saponins, is a potential candidate for anti-cancer therapy due to its strong antitumor activity and low hemolytic activity. however, the concentration of progenin iii is extremely low in natural dioscorea plants. in this paper, the progenin iii production from total steroidal saponins of dioscorea nipponica makino was studied using the crude enzyme from aspergillus oryzae dlfcc-38. the crude enzyme converting total steroidal saponins into progenin ...201323471779
protodioscin-glycosidase-1 hydrolyzing 26-o-β-d-glucoside and 3-o-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnoside of steroidal saponins from aspergillus oryzae.a novel protodioscin-(steroidal saponin)-glycoside hydrolase, named protodioscin-glycosidase-1 (pgase-1), was purified and characterized from the aspergillus oryzae strain. the molecular mass of this enzyme was determined to be about 55 kda based on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. pgase-1 was able to hydrolyze the terminal 26-o-β-d-glucopyranoside of protodioscin (furostanoside) to produce dioscin (spirostanoside), and then further hydrolyze the terminal 3-o-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside ...201323467827
breeding research on sake yeasts in japan: history, recent technological advances, and future perspectives.sake is an alcoholic beverage of japan, with a tradition lasting more than 1,300 years; it is produced from rice and water by fermenting with the koji mold aspergillus oryzae and sake yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. breeding research on sake yeasts was originally developed in japan by incorporating microbiological and genetic research methodologies adopted in other scientific areas. since the advent of a genetic paradigm, isolation of yeast mutants has been a dominant approach for the breeding o ...201323464572
fuzzy logic control of rotating drum bioreactor for improved production of amylase and protease enzymes by aspergillus oryzae in solid-state fermentation.in this study, we compared the performance of two control systems, fuzzy logic control (flc) and conventional control (cc). the control systems were applied for controlling temperature and substrate moisture content in a solidstate fermentation for the biosynthesis of amylase and protease enzymes by aspergillus oryzae. the fermentation process was achieved in a 200 l rotating drum bioreactor. three factors affecting temperature and moisture content in the solid-state fermentation were considered ...201323462006
nad⁺-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (xdha) and l-arabitol-4-dehydrogenase (lada) deletion mutants of aspergillus oryzae for improved xylitol production.xylitol dehydrogenase (xdha) and l-arabitol dehydrogenase (lada) are two key enzymes in xylan metabolism catalyzing the oxidation of xylitol to d-xylulose and arabitol to l-xylulose, respectively. in aspergillus oryzae, xdha and lada are encoded by xdha and lada. we deleted xdha and lada and xdha-lada to generate mutants with decreased dehydrogenase activities and increased xylitol production. the mutants were constructed by homologous transformation into a. oryzae p4 (∆pyrg) using pyrg as a sel ...201323436125
2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-phenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside derivatives as fluorescent pigment dyeing substrates and their application for the assay of β-d-galactosidase activities.2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-phenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside derivatives were synthesized as novel artificial fluorescent pigment dyeing substrates for β-d-galactosidase. the substrates, which exhibited non-fluorescence or weak fluorescence in solution phase, were smoothly hydrolyzed by β-d-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae and yielded a water-insoluble strong fluorescent pigment. the difference of fluorescent intensity exhibited a linear relationship with the amount of enzyme.201323434417
hierarchical meso-macroporous silica grafted with glyoxyl groups: opportunities for covalent immobilization of enzymes.hierarchical meso-macroporous silica (average mesopore diameter 20 nm) was synthesized and chemically modified to be used as a support for the immobilization of lipases from candida antarctica b and alcaligenes sp. and β-galactosidases from bacillus circulans and aspergillus oryzae. catalytic activities and thermal stabilities of enzymes immobilized by multipoint covalent attachment in silica derivatized with glyoxyl groups were compared with those immobilized in glyoxyl-agarose, assessing bioca ...201323416689
manr, a transcriptional regulator of the β-mannan utilization system, controls the cellulose utilization system in aspergillus oryzae.manr, a dna-binding protein possessing the zn(ii)(2)cys(6) binuclear cluster domain, acts as a positive regulator of mannanolytic enzyme genes in aspergillus oryzae. in this study, we found that manr controlled the expression not only of mannanolytic enzyme genes but also of cellulolytic enzyme genes in a. oryzae, based on dna microarray analysis of a manr-disruptant and a manr-overexpressing strain. a new model for the regulation of cellulase and hemicellulase genes mediated by manr and xlnr in ...201323391935
effect of a fermented brown rice extract on the gastrointestinal function in methotrexate-treated rats.we investigated the protective effect of a hydrous ethanol extract of brown rice fermented with aspergillus oryzae (erf) which contained nucleobases and low fiber on the methotrexate (mtx)-induced gastrointestinal damage in rats. the rats were assigned to three groups: control (con), mtx, and mtx-erf. the rats in the con and mtx groups were fed for 4 weeks on a basal diet, and those in the mtx-erf group were fed on a 9.16% erf-containing basal diet. the rats in the mtx and mtx-erf groups were ad ...201323391910
heterologous expression and characterization of a glycoside hydrolase family 45 endo-β-1,4-glucanase from a symbiotic protist of the lower termite, reticulitermes speratus.the termite symbiotic system is one of the efficient lignocellulose degradation systems. we tried to express and characterize a novel cellulolytic enzyme from this system. here, we report the isolation of an endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene homolog of glycoside hydrolase family 45 from a symbiotic protistan community of reticulitermes speratus. heterologous expression of this gene was performed using the expression system of aspergillus oryzae. analysis of enzymatic properties revealed 786 μmol/min/mg ...201323354496
purification and characterization of a glutaminase enzyme accounting for the majority of glutaminase activity in aspergillus sojae under solid-state culture.glutaminase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes l-glutamine to l-glutamate, plays an important role in the production of fermented foods by enhancing the umami taste. in this study, we found ten glutaminase genes in the aspergillus sojae genome by conducting a blast search of the characterized glutaminase sequence. we subsequently constructed glutaminase gene disruptants. the glutaminase activity of the gahb disruptant was decreased by approximately 90 % in a. sojae and aspergillus oryzae, indicating tha ...201323339014
offline and online capillary electrophoresis enzyme assays of β-n-acetylhexosaminidase.enzyme assays of β-n-acetylhexosaminidase from aspergillus oryzae using capillary electrophoresis in the offline and online setup have been developed. the ph value and concentration of the borate-based background electrolyte were optimized in order to achieve baseline separation of n,n',n″-triacetylchitotriose, n,n'-diacetylchitobiose, and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. the optimized method using 25 mm tetraborate buffer, ph 10.0, was evaluated in terms of repeatability, limits of detection, quantifica ...201323338752
detailed analysis of galactooligosaccharides synthesis with β-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae.the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (gos) catalyzed by β-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae (enzeco) was studied. using 400 g/l of lactose and 15 u/ml, maximum gos yield, measured by hpaec-pad, was 26.8% w/w of total carbohydrates, obtained at approximately 70% lactose conversion. no less than 17 carbohydrates were identified; the major transgalactosylation product was 6'-o-β-galactosyl-lactose, representing nearly one-third (in weight) of total gos. in contrast with previous reports, th ...201323330921
analysis of microflora profile in korean traditional nuruk.a variety of nuruk were collected from various provinces in korea, and their microflora profiles were analyzed at the species level. a total of 42 nuruk samples were collected and when the viable cell numbers in these nuruk were enumerated, the average cell numbers of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria from all nuruk were 7.21, 7.91, 3.49, and 4.88 log cfu/10 g, respectively. there were no significant differences in viable cell numbers of bacteria or fungi according to regions coll ...201323314366
reconstitution of biosynthetic machinery for indole-diterpene paxilline in aspergillus oryzae.indole-diterpenes represented by paxilline share a common pentacyclic core skeleton derived from indole and geranylgeranyl diphosphate. to shed light on the detailed biosynthetic mechanism of the paspaline-type hexacyclic skeleton, we examined the reconstitution of paxilline biosynthetic machinery in aspergillus oryzae nsar1. stepwise introduction of the six pax genes enabled us to isolate all biosynthetic intermediates and to synthesize paxilline. in vitro and in vivo studies on the key enzymes ...201323311903
isolation and characterisation of a ferrirhodin synthetase gene from the sugarcane pathogen fusarium sacchari.fsn1, a gene isolated from the sugar-cane pathogen fusarium sacchari, encodes a 4707-residue nonribosomal peptide synthetase consisting of three complete adenylation, thiolation and condensation modules followed by two additional thiolation and condensation domain repeats. this structure is similar to that of ferricrocin synthetase, which makes a siderophore that is involved in intracellular iron storage in other filamentous fungi. heterologous expression of fsn1 in aspergillus oryzae resulted i ...201323307607
optimization of the nutrition for biodegradation of vinasse by aspergillus oryzae using response surface methodology.direct discharge of vinasse from the distillery industry causes resource wasting and environmental destruction due to its mass of organic components. aspergillus oryzae cgmcc5992 is capable of degrading the organic substrates of wastewater. one-factor-at-a-time design was adopted to select the most important nutrients influencing the degradation of organic materials of vinasse. box-behnken design (bbd) with design-expert (8.0.4) was used to develop mathematical model equations, study responses, ...201323306254
two-step purification of a novel β-glucosidase with high transglycosylation activity and another hypothetical β-glucosidase in aspergillus oryzae hml366 and enzymatic characterization.two novel β-glucosidases (bghg1 and bghg2) were purified from the enzyme extract of aspergillus oryzae hml366 through nondenaturing gel electrophoresis and anion-exchange chromatography. the molecular weights for bghg1 and bghg2 were 93 and 138 kda, respectively. the amino acid sequences were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time of flight. the mascot and blast analyses indicated that bghg1 has the same sequence as the hypothetical protein xp_001816831 from a. ory ...201323288594
xylitol production by nad(+)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (xdha)- and l-arabitol-4-dehydrogenase (lada)-disrupted mutants of aspergillus oryzae.aspergillus oryzae can metabolize xylan to d-xylose and d-xylose to xylitol. however, accumulation of xylitol is controlled by dehydrogenases, such as xylitol dehydrogenase (xdh) and l-arabitol-4-dehydrogenase (lad), and fluxed into the pentose phosphate pathway. in a. oryzae, xdh and lad are encoded by xdha and lada, respectively. we disrupted the xdha and lada genes individually in an attempt to increase xylitol production. the xdha- and lada-disrupted mutants were constructed by homologous tr ...201323287496
steroid toxicity and detoxification in ascomycetous fungi.in the last couple of decades fungal infections have become a significant clinical problem. a major interest into fungal steroid action has been provoked since research has proven that steroid hormones are toxic to fungi and affect the host/fungus relationship. steroid hormones were found to differ in their antifungal activity in ascomycetous fungi hortaea werneckii, saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus oryzae. dehydroepiandrosterone was shown to be the strongest inhibitor of growth in all t ...201323257178
identification of regulatory elements in the glucoamylase-encoding gene (glab) promoter from aspergillus oryzae.the aspergillus oryzae glucoamylase-encoding gene glab is expressed specifically and strongly only during solid-state cultivation (ssc). to elucidate the basis for the specificity, the glab promoter was analyzed by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (emsa) which indicated two protein-binding elements from -382 to -353 and from -332 to -313. to confirm that these regions contained cis-elements, deletion analysis of the promoter was undertaken using β-glucuronidase as a reporter. the results ...201323224588
pei-coated gold nanoparticles decorated with laccase: a new platform for direct electrochemistry of enzymes and biosensing applications.this paper describes the synthesis and characterization of pei-coated gold nanoparticles (pei-aunp), which were applied as a new platform in the immobilization of laccase (lac) originating from aspergillus oryzae. this material (pei-aunp-lac) was used in the construction of a biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode coated with a bio-nanostructured film. the occurrence of direct electron transfer (det) between the electroactive center of lac and the electrode surface was observed by cyclic v ...201323208093
functional expression of a foreign gene in aspergillus oryzae producing new pyrone compounds.fungi from the genus xylaria produce a wide range of polyketides with diverse structures, which provide important sources for pharmaceutical agents. at least seven polyketide synthase (pks) genes, including pksmt, were found in xylaria sp. bcc 1067. the multifunctional enzyme pksmt contains the following catalytic motifs: β-ketosynthase (ks), acyltransferase (at), dehydratase (dh), methyltransferase (mt), enoylreductase (er), ketoreductase (kr), and acyl carrier region (acp). the presence of mul ...201323174282
functional analysis of aoatg1 and detection of the cvt pathway in aspergillus oryzae.autophagy is a degradation system in which cellular components are digested via vacuoles/lysosomes. in the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, the induction of autophagy results from inactivation of target of rapamycin complex 1 (torc1), promoting formation of the serine/threonine kinase atg1, which is one of the key autophagy-related (atg) proteins required for both nonselective and selective autophagy such as the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (cvt) pathway. here, to understand the inducti ...201323136971
fungus-specific sirtuin hstd coordinates secondary metabolism and development through control of laea.the sirtuins are members of the nad(+)-dependent histone deacetylase family that contribute to various cellular functions that affect aging, disease, and cancer development in metazoans. however, the physiological roles of the fungus-specific sirtuin family are still poorly understood. here, we determined a novel function of the fungus-specific sirtuin hstd/aspergillus oryzae hst4 (aohst4), which is a homolog of hst4 in a. oryzae yeast. the deletion of all histone deacetylases in a. oryzae demon ...201323729383
rapid enzyme production and mycelial growth in solid-state fermentation using the non-airflow box.solid-state fermentation (ssf) has become an attractive alternative to submerged fermentation (smf) for the production of enzymes, organic acids, and secondary metabolites, while there are many problems during the culture of ssf. we recently created a ssf system using a non-airflow box (nab) in order to resolve the problems, which enabled the uniform culture in the whole substrate and high yield of many enzymes. in this paper, further characterization of ssf using the nab was carried out to obta ...201323727349
a compendium of causative agents of occupational asthma.the objective is to provide an evidence-based compendium of allergenic and irritant agents that are known to cause occupational asthma in order to improve diagnostics and disease management.201323706060
molecular markers for barrett's esophagus and its progression to cancer.there is a clinical need for biomarkers that can improve diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification of esophageal lesions. here we review the current literature and highlight the most important, recent advancements in biomarkers as a supplement to histopathology for management of patients with barrett's esophagus.201323689523
the crystal structure of acidic β-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae.the crystal structure of the industrially important aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase has been determined at 2.60 å resolution. the ao-β-gal is a large (985 residues) monomeric multi-domain enzyme that has a catalytic (α/β)8-barrel domain. an electron density map revealed extensive n-glycosylation between the domain interfaces suggesting that the oligosaccharide-chains would have a stabilizing role for the structure of ao-β-gal. comparison of structure with other β-galactosidase structures of g ...201323688418
comparative genomic analysis of aspergillus oryzae strains 3.042 and rib40 for soy sauce fermentation.the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae 3.042 (chinese strain) is a close relative of a. oryzae rib40 (japanese strain), which is the important agent used for soy sauce fermentation. the genome of a. oryzae 3.042 was sequenced and compared with a. oryzae rib40 in an attempt to understand why different soy sauce flavors are produced by these strains. the a. oryzae 3.042 chromosome is 36,547,279bp and contains 11,399 protein-encoding genes. mummer analysis revealed that the genomes of a. oryzae ...201323673060
gamma radiation mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using fermented soybean-garlic aqueous extract and their antimicrobial activity.aspergillus oryzae was used to enhance the mobilization of antioxidants of soybean matrix along with garlic as a co-substrate by modulating polyphenolic substances during solid-state fermentation. mobilized polyphenols were used as a green tool for synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles (aunps). the radiation-induced aunps synthesis is a simple, clean and inexpensive process which involves radiolysis of aqueous solution that provides an efficient method to reduce metal ions. gamma irr ...201323667801
fine de novo sequencing of a fungal genome using only solid short read data: verification on aspergillus oryzae rib40.the development of next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies has dramatically increased the throughput, speed, and efficiency of genome sequencing. the short read data generated from ngs platforms, such as solid and illumina, are quite useful for mapping analysis. however, the solid read data with lengths of <60 bp have been considered to be too short for de novo genome sequencing. here, to investigate whether de novo sequencing of fungal genomes is possible using only solid short read seque ...201323667655
enhanced production of bovine chymosin by autophagy deficiency in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.aspergillus oryzae has been utilized as a host for heterologous protein production because of its high protein secretory capacity and food-safety properties. however, a. oryzae often produces lower-than-expected yields of target heterologous proteins due to various underlying mechanisms, including degradation processes such as autophagy, which may be a significant bottleneck for protein production. in the present study, we examined the production of heterologous protein in several autophagy (aoa ...201323658635
improved production of protease-resistant phytase by aspergillus oryzae and its applicability in the hydrolysis of insoluble phytates.among three hundred isolates of filamentous fungi, aspergillus oryzae sbs50 secreted higher phytase activity at ph 5.0, 35 °c and 200 rpm after 96 h of fermentation. starch and beef extract supported the highest phytase production than other carbon and nitrogen sources. a nine-fold improvement in phytase production was achieved due to optimization. supplementation of the medium with inorganic phosphate repressed the enzyme synthesis. among surfactants tested, tween 80 increased fungal growth and ...201323652971
deglycosylation of isoflavones in isoflavone-rich soy germ flour by aspergillus oryzae kacc 40247.aspergillus oryzae kacc 40247 was selected as an efficient daidzein-producing fungus from strains of the genus aspergillus by using 5% (w/v) soy germ flour (sgf) as an isoflavone-glycoside-rich medium. the culture conditions, including sgf concentration, agitation speed, initial ph, temperature, and time, were optimized as follows: 7% (w/v) sgf, initial ph 6.0, 33 °c, 300 rpm, and 24 h in a 100 ml baffled flask. the determined amount of isoflavone aglycons in sgf using 50% ethyl acetate was the ...201324266868
enzymatic synthesis of novel oligosaccharides from n-acetylsucrosamine using β-fructofuranosidase from aspergillus oryzae.mycelia of aspergillus oryzae nbrc100959 contain 2 types of β-fructofuranosidases, transfructosylation-catalyzing enzyme (βffasei), and hydrolysis-catalyzing enzyme (βffaseii). using βffasei extracted from the mycelia of strain nbrc100959, two novel oligosaccharides consisting of glcnac and fructose, β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranoside (n-acetyl-1-kestosamine, 1-kesnac) and β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-d-fructofuran ...201324246554
the henry reaction in [bmim][pf₆]-based microemulsions promoted by acylase.an environmentally-friendly, enzyme-promoted procedure for the henry reaction was first studied using water-in-[bmim][pf6] microemulsions as reaction medium. the amano acylase from aspergillus oryzae showed better catalytic activity for the addition reactions of nitromethane with a series of aromatic aldehydes, and a highest yield of 90% was obtained.201324284489
hydrolysis of green tea residue protein using proteolytic enzyme derived from aspergillus oryzae.free amino acids are important chemical components which impact the taste of green tea infusion. the hydrolysis of water-insoluble protein in the green tea residue helps to increase the contents of free amino acids components except theanine. studies indicate that the hydrolysis of the tea protein could be restricted due to interaction of polyphenols with protein. the experiment indicates that the hydrolysis of tea protein by protease is the main trend when the polyphenols concentration is lower ...201324425904
glycosylation analysis of recombinant neutral protease i from aspergillus oryzae expressed in pichia pastoris.neutral protease i from aspergillus oryzae 3.042 was expressed in pichia pastoris and its n-glycosylation properties were analyzed. after purification by nickel-affinity chromatography column, the recombinant neutral protease (rnpi) was confirmed to be n-glycosylated by periodicacid/schiff's base staining and endo h digestion. moreover, the deglycosylated protein's molecular weight decreased to 43.3 kda from 54.5 kda analyzed by sds-page and maldi-tof-ms, and the hyperglycosylation extent was 21 ...201324078118
effect of the combined physical and chemical treatments with microbial fermentation on corn straw degradation.in order to improve corn straw degradation, steam explosion, sodium hydroxide soaking and aspergillus oryzae fermentation were used. the optimal sodium hydroxide pretreatment condition for lignin degradation was obtained. the degradation rates of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were 54.68%, 17.76% and 33.14% for the exploded straw (p<0.05); 67.92%, 2.44% (p>0.05) and 76.54% for the alkali-treated straw (p<0.05); 75.98%, 39.93% and 77.88% for the exploded and alkali-treated straw (p<0.05), re ...201324063818
the crystal structure of an extracellular catechol oxidase from the ascomycete fungus aspergillus oryzae.catechol oxidases (ec 1.10.3.1) catalyse the oxidation of o-diphenols to their corresponding o-quinones. these oxidases contain two copper ions (cua and cub) within the so-called coupled type 3 copper site as found in tyrosinases (ec 1.14.18.1) and haemocyanins. the crystal structures of a limited number of bacterial and fungal tyrosinases and plant catechol oxidases have been solved. in this study, we present the first crystal structure of a fungal catechol oxidase from aspergillus oryzae (aoco ...201324043469
effects of food lectins on the transport system of human intestinal caco-2 cell monolayers.the effects of 16 lectins isolated from foodstuff on the transport system across human intestinal caco-2 cell monolayers were investigated by using four fluorescent markers: lucifer yellow (ly) for the paracellular pathway, fluorescein (fl) for the monocarboxylic acid transporter-mediated pathway, rhodamine 123 for the p-glycoprotein-mediated efflux pathway, and calcein for the multidrug resistance associated protein-related efflux pathway. the transepithelial electrical resistance (ter) values ...201324018688
aspergillus oryzae type iii polyketide synthase csyb uses a fatty acyl starter for the biosynthesis of csypyrone b compounds.csypyrones b1, b2 and b3 are α-pyrones that can be obtained from aspergillus oryzae expressing csyb, which is a type iii polyketide synthase. we investigated the biosynthesis of the csypyrone b compounds using [1-(13)c] and [2-(13)c] acetate feeding experiments. (13)c nmr analyses of the methyl esters of the csypyrone b compounds fed with the (13)c-labeled acetates showed that the carboxyl carbons of the csypyrone b side-chains were derived from the c-2 methyl carbon of the acetate. these result ...201324011646
microbial floral dynamics of chinese traditional soybean paste (doujiang) and commercial soybean paste.traditional soybean paste from shandong liangshan and tianyuan jiangyuan commercial soybean paste were chosen for analysis and comparison of their bacterial and fungal dynamics using denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and 16s rrna gene clone libraries. the bacterial diversity results showed that more than 20 types of bacteria were present in traditional shandong soybean paste during its fermentation process, whereas only six types of bacteria were present in the commercial soybean paste. th ...201324002452
screening of extracts from natural feed ingredients for their ability to reduce enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88 adhesion to porcine intestinal epithelial cell-line ipec-j2.enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88 is the most prevalent enteropathogen in weaned piglets, with the ability to express fimbria f4 and specifically attach to intestinal receptors in the young piglet. the prevention of etec k88 adhesion to the epithelium by interfering in this fimbria-receptor recognition provides an alternative approach to prevent the initial stage of disease. the aim of this study is to screen, among different feed ingredients (fi), their ability to reduce etec k88 atta ...201323992796
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