| production of kojic acid by resuspended mycelia of aspergillus flavus. | efforts have been made to develop a simple chemically defined resuspended mycelial system which may be used for carrying out fundamental studies regarding the mechanism of kojic acid biosynthesis. as a first step. it was found that mycelia grown in yeast extract sucrose (yes) medium and resuspended in yes medium or in 0.2 m phosphate buffer, ph 6.5, supplemented with 20% glucose or sucrose produced kojic acid almost to the same extent as in the case of growth medium. no kojic acid was formed if ... | 1982 | 6820329 |
| [mycotoxins as toxic and carcinogenic pollutants]. | | 1982 | 6820542 |
| [the effects of various tetrahydro-1,3,5-thiadiazines as antifungal agents]. | | 1982 | 6820681 |
| [aflatoxin content in animal feed and milk]. | | 1982 | 6820848 |
| [detection and determination of the content of selected mycotoxins in grain]. | | 1982 | 6820849 |
| thermodynamics and stoicheiometry of the binding of substrate analogues to uricase. | the subunit composition, metal content, substrate-analogue binding and thermal stability of aspergillus flavus uricase were determined. a. flavus uricase is a tetramer and contains no copper, iron or any other common prosthetic group. analytical-gel-filtration and equilibrium-dialysis experiments showed one binding site per subunit for urate analogues. the free energy of xanthine binding was -30.5 kj (-7.3 kcal)/mol of subunit by equilibrium dialysis and -30.1 kj (-7.2 kcal)/mol of subunit by mi ... | 1980 | 6821367 |
| non-classical inhibition of uricase by cyanide. | the interactions of aspergillus flavus uricase with the substrates o2 and urate and the inhibitors xanthine, cyanide, periodate and hydroxylamine were investigated. under equilibrium conditions o2 does not bind directly to the enzyme, and the absence of o2 had no effect on either the binding stoicheiometry or binding constant for xanthine, as measured by equilibrium dialysis and microcalorimetry. cyanide, periodate and hydroxylamine inhibit uricase in a non-classical manner. a decrease in initia ... | 1980 | 6821368 |
| transtracheal aspiration in pulmonary infection in children with cystic fibrosis. | six transtracheal aspirations (tta) and expectorated sputum specimens were collected from four children suffering from cystic fibrosis who had pulmonary infection. specimens obtained from both sites were cultured for aerobic bacteria and tta aspirates were also cultured for anaerobes. differences in bacteria isolated in tta and sputum aspirates were present in all instances. six isolates were recovered in both sites (three pseudomonas aeruginosa, two staphylococcus aureus and one aspergillus fla ... | 1983 | 6825749 |
| antimicrobial activity of 3-methyl-5-furfurylidene-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidones. | substituted 3-methyl-5-furfurylidene-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidones 1-17 were tested for their action against bacillus pumilus, b. brevis and b. megaterium and against aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus and a. niger. most of the compounds possessed an activity against both bacteria and fungi. these compounds were also tested for their effectiveness as virus inhibitors employing nicotiana glutinosa as assay host against tobacco mosaic virus. most of them exhibited potential antiviral activity both in vit ... | 1983 | 6832657 |
| selective antimicrobial modulation as prophylaxis against infection during granulocytopenia: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs. nalidixic acid. | sixty-two profoundly granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia undergoing induction chemotherapy were prospectively randomized to receive either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin or nalidixic acid plus nystatin for prevention of infection. patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin during initial remission induction experienced an increased duration (22.6 vs. 13.6 days) of profound granulocytopenia (less than 100 granulocytes/mm3; p = 0.007). acquisition of gram-neg ... | 1983 | 6842003 |
| variability of bright, greenish-yellow fluorescent particles and aflatoxin in ground blends of zea mays. | developing corn (zea mays) kernels of single cross b73 x mo17 grown near columbia, mo, were inoculated with conidia of aspergillus flavus or a. parasiticus. after harvest bright greenish-yellow fluorescing (bgyf) kernels were selected under ultraviolet black light (365 nm); they contained 3696 ng/g (a. parasiticus strain nrrl 3145) and 6666 ng/g (a. flavus strain uga 5337) aflatoxins, respectively. the bgyf-free kernels were obtained from the same hybrid grown in northern iowa. no bgyf kernels n ... | 1983 | 6883218 |
| aspergillus granuloma of the trigeminal ganglion. | | 1981 | 6973615 |
| aflatoxins and disease. | these days it is widely believed by experts that most cancers are caused by environment factors. the epidemiology of most of these suspected factors is still equivocal. one such factor which has been widely studied is aflatoxin, a chemical produced by the fungus aspergillus flavus. because of the widespread distribution of this agent, its known toxicity, and its frequent ingestion by humans, aflatoxin may well be a significant cause of cancer worldwide. this paper attempts to summarize some of t ... | 1981 | 7015891 |
| antimycotic activity of berberine sulphate: an alkaloid from an indian medicinal herb. | berberine sulphate in concentrations of 10-25 mg ml -1 inhibited the growth of 11/13 fungi, viz. alternaria, aspergillus flavus, asp. fumigatus, candida albicans, curvularia, drechslera, fusarium, mucor, penicillium, rhizopus oryzae and scopulariopsis. concentrations of 50 mg ml -1 could check the growth of syncephalastrum as well but asp. niger remained unaffected. | 1982 | 7038929 |
| microbial hazards associated with bean sprouting. | the behaviour of microorganisms was studied in mung beans and alfalfa seeds before and after germination in modified, commercially available bean-sprouting kits. the microorganism were enumerated by the aerobic plate count (apc) and by total yeast and mold count procedures. salmonella species were artificially inoculated into selected samples and were enumerated by the most probable number (mpn) method. after germination of the beans or seeds into mature sprouts, significant increases were noted ... | 1982 | 7085541 |
| the antifungal activity of carrier peptides, l-arginyl-x-l-phenylalanine, containing amino acid antagonists or atypical non-biogenic d-amino acids in the central position. | eleven analogues of l-arginyl-d-allo-threonyl-l-phenylalanine, a naturally occurring peptide with antifungal activity, were synthesized. two tripeptides of the form l-arginyl-x-l-phenylalanine (x = p-f-dl-phenylalanine or m-f-dl-tyrosine) inhibited aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus flavus. in comparison with the free antagonists, the tripeptide-bound antagonists were more active against candida-albicans-isolates which means that the amino acid sequence may serve as carrier function: it enhan ... | 1982 | 7124161 |
| combined effects of solutes and food preservatives on rates of inactivation of and colony formation by heated spores and vegetative cells of molds. | the combined and independent effects of sucrose, sodium chloride, potassium sorbate, and sodium benzoate on heat inactivation of conidia of aspergillus flavus and penicillium puberulum, ascospores of byssochlamys nivea, and vegetative cells of geotrichum candidum were studied. in addition, the effects of solutes and preservatives on colony formation by unheated and heated conidia of a. flavus were evaluated. increased concentrations of sucrose were accompanied by increased tolerance to heat by a ... | 1981 | 7195189 |
| the microbiology of spent mushroom compost and its dust. | microorganisms in spent steamed mushroom compost and its dust were enumerated, and identified. some phase ii (indoor composting) compost samples were also examined. steaming of spent compost resulted in a 70-76% reduction in microbial numbers. total counts made with compost fusion agar were approximately two logs greater than those for nutrient agar. the most common bacterial isolate was bacillus licheniformis. the most common actinomycete isolates were streptomyces diastaticus and thermoactinom ... | 1981 | 7197578 |
| invasive aspergillosis of the lung and pericardium in a nonimmunocompromised 33 year old man. | in a 33 year old man with no discernible immunologic defect, invasive aspergillosis developed in both the pericardium and lung with marked granulomatous reaction. the patient received 2 g of intravenous amphotericin b over eight weeks, with partial regression of the pulmonary infiltrate and disappearance of symptoms. however, five months later, he returned with marked progression of his disease. evaluation of host defense, including granulocyte and lymphocyte function, was normal. the patient wa ... | 1981 | 7304664 |
| [toxicological characteristics of mold isolated from corn silage]. | tested for toxicity were a total of 48 strains of pure cultures of the fungi: aspergillus flavus, as. fumigatus, penicillium, f. moniliforme, f. graminearum, tr. lignorum. the methods of dermal tests, chick embryos, and feeding of young birds were employed. it was found that through dermal tests ten strains of the following species proved toxic: as. fumigatus, as. flavus, f. moniliforme, f. garminearum, and trichoderma lignorum. toxic for chick embryos were 13 strains of the same species. when y ... | 1981 | 7344284 |
| use of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine. | a new direct colorimetric procedure for uric acid assay in serum or urine is described, utilizing a 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and uricase from aspergillus flavus. this chromogen system has a high absorptivity, affording useful results with sample/reagent volume ratios as low as 0.025. the procedure is applicable to serum, plasma, or diluted urine. a single working reagent is used; the reaction is comp ... | 1980 | 7353268 |
| susceptibility of zoopathogenic fungi to phytoalexins. | phytoalexins are a group of low-molecular-weight antibiotics produced by higher plants in response to infection by relatively avirulent microorganisms. they are of relatively low toxicity for mammalian cells and have been reported to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. employing a broth dilution technique, we have found the zoopathogens petriellidium boydii, aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, candida albicans, coccidioides immitis, crypto ... | 1980 | 7387136 |
| fungi from interior organs of free-living small mammals in czechoslovakia and yugoslavia. | a total of 308 fungi was isolated from interior organs (lungs, spleen, liver) of 529 small mammals belonging to 21 species, 7 families and 3 orders (insectivora, chiroptera, rodentia), some of these being potentially pathogenic to vertebrates (e.g. aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, geotrichum candidum, mucor pusillus, rhizopus arrhizus). in one vole (microtus arvalis) captured in south moravia, adiaspiromycosis (emmonsia crescens) was demonstrated. comparison of mycoflora of hair and that of int ... | 1980 | 7419129 |
| the relationship between pleurotus ostreatus and aspergillus flavus and the production of aflatoxin. | the relationship between pleurotus ostreatus and aspergillus flavus in common mixed culture on various substrates was investiaged. it was found that p. ostreatus, similarly to some other higher fungi, can liquidate colonies of a. flavus. this fungus does not produce aflatoxin and chromatographically similar compounds. on straw, corn cobs, millet and wheat a. flavus produced aflatoxin after a 3-week cultivation. a subsequent cultivation of p. ostreatus led to detoxication of straw and corn cobs b ... | 1980 | 7419131 |
| aflatoxin-producing potential of aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus isolated from samples of smoked-dried meat. | over a period of three years 420 samples of various smoke-dried meat products, collected from individual households in different region of croatia were analysed for the presence of aflatoxigenic strains of the aspergillus flavus group. strains of a. flavus and a. parasiticus were present in 17.8% of the samples, and aflatoxin-producing ability was tested in 75 strains. in relation to sequential method of aflatoxin detection, 5 of 8 isolates were found in the first step (fluorescence in aflatoxin ... | 1995 | 7477245 |
| molecular characterization of the afl-1 locus in aspergillus flavus. | an unusual mutation at the afl-1 locus, affecting aflatoxin biosynthesis in aspergillus flavus 649, was investigated. the inability of strain 649 to produce aflatoxin was found to be the result of a large (greater than 60 kb) deletion that included a cluster of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes. diploids formed by parasexual crosses between strain 649 and the aflatoxigenic strain 86 did not produce aflatoxin, indicating the dominant nature of the afl-1 mutation in strain 649. in metabolite feeding ex ... | 1995 | 7487033 |
| cloning and characterization of the cdnas and genes (mep20) encoding homologous metalloproteinases from aspergillus flavus and a. fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus (afu) and a. flavus (afl), two causative agents of invasive aspergillosis, produce highly homologous serine proteinases. in addition, the former produces a 42-kda metalloproteinase (mep), whereas the latter produces a 23-kda mep. the cdna and the gene encoding the 42-kda mep were cloned and sequenced. here, we report the cloning of the cdna and the gene encoding the 23-kda mep from afl and a homologous gene from the afu. using degenerate primers based on the amino acid (aa) ... | 1995 | 7489900 |
| monoclonal antibodies against a 97-kilodalton antigen from aspergillus flavus. | we prepared a panel of five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against aspergillus flavus that all reacted against one 97-kda antigen by western blot (immunoblot). flow cytometry demonstrated that these antibodies bound (in increasing degrees) to all morphologic stages of a. flavus growth: conidia, swollen conidia, and hyphae. cross-reactivity among species was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of fungal culture filtrates. four mabs reacted with 10 of 11 a. flavus isolates, and th ... | 1994 | 7496924 |
| fatal fungal infection of an ascending aortic graft. | in a 57-year-old male with aortic valve stenosis and severe poststenotic dilation of the ascending aorta an aortic valve replacement and interposition of the dilated aortic segment with a dacron prosthesis were carried out. perioperative course was uneventful. four months after dismission the patient presented with septic fever and recurrent arterial emboli. histological evaluation of the thrombotic material found fungal masses of aspergillus flavus. although adequate antimycotic treatment was s ... | 1995 | 7502287 |
| 1'-(2-phenyl-ethylene)-ditryptophenaline, a new dimeric diketopiperazine from aspergillus flavus. | a new diketopiperazine dimer, 1'-(2-phenyl-ethylene)-ditryptophenaline [1], was isolated together with ditryptophenaline [2] from the fungus aspergillus flavus. the structure of 1 was determined by analysis of spectroscopic data. in contrast to the structurally related substance-p antagonist win 64821 [3], both 1 and 2 are weak substance-p inhibitors, indicating that stereochemistry at the position of dimerization is an important determinant of biological potency for these molecules. | 1994 | 7528269 |
| based on biochemical and physiological behavior, where is aspergillus egyptiacus better placed? | physiological and biochemical properties were tested in 45 isolates of aspergillus egyptiacus (16 isolates), emericella nidulans (16) and aspergillus versicolor (13). the three fungal species exhibited common and similar features. the big similarity between a. egyptiacus and e. nidulans was greater than between a. egyptiacus and a. versicolor. it included the inability to produce base either from sodium citrate or lactic acid media, growth at 45 degrees c (thermophilicity), and production of ver ... | 1994 | 7537240 |
| kojic acid production from cocoa juice by aspergillus flavus entrapped in calcium alginate. | sixteen microorganisms of aspergillus strains were screened for production of kojic acid using cocoa juice as carbon source. only aspergillus flavus atcc 9179 was found to produce the acid in low yield (22 mg/ml). calcium alginate immobilization of the cells was used under optimum conditions to maximize the yield of kojic acid (60 mg/ml). cultures were incubated in the medium with 50% of cocoa juice added in pulses of 8 ml each every 96 hours, and 4% methanol, ph 3.5, 150 rpm, 26 degrees c for t ... | 1995 | 7546538 |
| aflatoxin contamination of sorghum seeds during storage under controlled conditions. | aflatoxins were estimated in two sorghum seed varieties (csh-9 and aj 140) collected in india and stored at three different temperature and humidity levels showed 20 degrees c and 73.5% relative humidity (rh) to be safe storage conditions. a maximum aflatoxin level was observed at 31 degrees c and 81.0% rh. though the fungus grew well at 40 degrees c and all the humidity levels tested aflatoxin production was comparatively lower but reached hazardous level after 5 months of storage. though all f ... | 1995 | 7549155 |
| comparison of the omta genes encoding o-methyltransferases involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis from aspergillus parasiticus and a. flavus. | o-methyltransferase (omt) is one of the key enzymes in aflatoxin (af) biosynthesis in the fungi, aspergillus flavus (af) and a. parasiticus (ap). genomic dna clones containing the omta genes from ap strain srrc 143 and af strain cra01-2b were sequenced. comparison of the genomic dna sequences with the cdna of this ap gene revealed the presence of four introns ranging from 52 to 60 bp in length in both species; the region encoding the putative s-adenosylmethionine-binding motif was located betwee ... | 1995 | 7557460 |
| [metastatic aspergillus panniculitis in blast transformation of a myelodysplastic syndrome and agranulocytosis]. | we present a 58-year-old patient with disseminated aspergillosis and metastatic panniculitis. he suffered from agranulocytosis and blastic transformation of a myelodysplastic syndrome. the skin lesion showed a single subcutaneous inflammatory nodule, which was clearly shown by histolog to be of embolic origin. this clinical presentation has not previously been described. disseminated aspergillosis is found mainly in immunocompromised and neutropenic patients and the mortality is high. the presen ... | 1995 | 7558830 |
| the aspergillus parasiticus polyketide synthase gene pksa, a homolog of aspergillus nidulans wa, is required for aflatoxin b1 biosynthesis. | aflatoxins comprise a group of polyketide-derived carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus. by transformation with a disruption construct, pxx, we disrupted the aflatoxin pathway in a. parasiticus srrc 2043, resulting in the inability of this strain to produce aflatoxin intermediates as well as a major yellow pigment in the transformants. the disruption was attributed to a single-crossover, homologous integration event between pxx and the recipient a. pa ... | 1995 | 7565588 |
| aspergillosis in immunocompromised children with acute myeloid leukemia and bone marrow aplasia. report of two cases. | two cases of aspergillosis in immunocompromised children are reported. both were caused by aspergillus flavus. early diagnosis and treatment led to the remission of the process. one patient had acute myeloid leukemia; the fungus was isolated from the blood. the other patient with bone marrow aplasia, presented an invasive aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses with dissemination of fungal infection; the diagnosis was obtained by histology and culture of biopsied tissue from a palatal ulceration. | 1994 | 7569615 |
| isolation and characterization of polygalacturonase genes (peca and pecb) from aspergillus flavus. | two genes, peca and pecb, encoding endopolyglacturonases were cloned from a highly aggressive strain of aspergillus flavus. the peca gene consisted of 1,228 bp encoding a protein of 363 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 37.6 kda, interrupted by two introns of 58 and 81 bp in length. accumulation of peca mrna in both pectin- or glucose-grown mycelia in the highly aggressive strain matched the activity profile of a pectinase previously identified as p2c. transformants of a weakly aggr ... | 1995 | 7574642 |
| renal aspergilloma due to aspergillus flavus. | renal aspergillomas have been reported only rarely. we report a case of aspergillus flavus colonization of the renal pelvis and upper ureter of a patient with concomitant urinary schistosomiasis. the diagnosis was based on the demonstration of characteristic hyphal elements on direct microscopy and isolation of the fungus in culture. the patient was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin b. this case emphasizes the importance of direct microscopic examination of urine specimens for pro ... | 1995 | 7578735 |
| rhinocerebral invasive mycosis: occurrence in immunocompetent individuals. | we report the computed tomographic appearance of invasive fungal disease of the paranasal sinuses in 13 patients. coronal and axial computed tomographic images were obtained in each patient and data were analysed. eight patients had aspergillus flavus infection, four had mucormycosis, and one had mixed candida and mucor. our experience was different from that of other workers in many respects. all of our patients were immunocompetent. on radiological imaging by computed tomography, ethmoid sinus ... | 1995 | 7588871 |
| effects of some insect growth regulators on growth of aspergillus flavus and its productivity of aflatoxin b1 and lipids. | two insect growth regulators, namely cme 134 and dowco 439, have been tested for their effect on growth and on aflatoxin b1 and lipid productivity in aspergillus flavus. no effect on growth and lipid production was detected. however, various concentrations of cme 134 and dowco 439 showed significant inhibitory effects on aflatoxin b1 production. the degree of inhibition was dependent on the concentration and time of application. inhibition was observed when dowco 439 was added at inoculation and ... | 1995 | 7589721 |
| antibacterial, antidermatophytic and antitoxigenic activities of onion (allium cepa l.) oil. | the inhibitory effect of onion oil against the growth of various isolates of bacteria representing gram-positive (4 isolates) and gram-negative (4 isolates) species were studied. results show that onion oil was highly active against all gram-positive bacteria tested and only one isolate (klebsiella pneumoniae) of gram-negative bacteria. the inhibitory effect of onion oil against nine different species of dermatophytic fungi were also studied. onion oil (200 ppm) completely inhibited the growth o ... | 1995 | 7600010 |
| successful treatment of invasive aspergillosis complicating prolonged treatment-related neutropenia in acute myelogenous leukemia with amphotericin b lipid complex. | herein we report the successful treatment of invasive aspergillosis with the liposomal amphotericin b (amb) formulation, amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc). this investigational compound was employed in a 50-year-old patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia complicated by prolonged, treatment-induced granulocytopenia and documented aspergillus flavus sinusitis with signs of disseminated aspergillosis. the patient demonstrated radiographic signs of pulmonary aspergillosis and biochemical signs ... | 1995 | 7603397 |
| effect of increasing inoculum sizes of pathogenic filamentous fungi on mics of antifungal agents by broth microdilution method. | inoculum size is a critical variable in development of methods for antifungal susceptibility testing for filamentous fungi. in order to investigate the influence of different inoculum sizes on mics of amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, itraconazole, and miconazole, 32 clinical isolates (8 aspergillus fumigatus, 8 aspergillus flavus, 5 rhizopus arrhizus, 8 pseudallescheria boydii, and 3 fusarium solani isolates) were studied by the broth microdilution method. four inoculum sizes were studied: 1 x ... | 1995 | 7615745 |
| fungal contamination and selected mycotoxins in pre- and post-harvest maize in honduras. | sixty nine samples of maize were collected from pre-harvest standing crops and on-farm storage facilities from 52 smallholder farms located within 4 regions of honduras during october 1992 and november 1993. samples were visually assessed for insect damage and fungal spoilage, and the mycoflora quantified on artificial media. the major components of the ear rot complex were: fusarium moniliforme, f. moniliforme var. subglutinans, penicillium species, stenocarpella maydis, s. macrospora and acrem ... | 1995 | 7617016 |
| effect of corn and peanut cultivation on soil populations of aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus in southwestern georgia. | the effect of corn and peanut cultivation on the proportion of aspergillus flavus to a. parasiticus in soil was examined. soil populations were monitored in three fields during three different years in southwestern georgia. each field was planted in both peanuts and corn, and soil was sampled within plots for each crop. a. flavus and a. parasiticus were present in similar proportions in plots from all fields at the beginning of the growing season. a. terreus, a. niger, and a. fumigatus were the ... | 1995 | 7618858 |
| a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene construct for monitoring aflatoxin biosynthesis in aspergillus flavus. | aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus. current research is directed at the elimination of these compounds in important food sources. the objective of this research was to develop a method to study the induction and regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis by examining the expression of one aflatoxin pathway gene, ver1. the promoter region of ver1 was fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene (uida) from escherichia co ... | 1995 | 7618859 |
| surgical wound healing complicated by aspergillus infection in a nonimmunocompromised host. | an unusual complication of cutaneous surgery and its management is presented. aspergillus flavus was identified from a nonhealing surgical wound of the ear undergoing cartilaginous necrosis in an immunocompetent host. | 1995 | 7655801 |
| [surgical and local treatment in a case of fungal sinusitis in a patient with bone marrow aplasia]. | we report a clinical case of severe medullary aplasia complicated by fungal antritis. the treatment adopted for this patient consists in a clean operation of the infective focus and the local instillation of amfotericina b during the post operative period. in this way the systemic circulation is not interested by the use of amfotericina b, which is extremely important to avoid the inevitable onset of several unwanted side-effects; besides, we avoid the progression of the infective focus and its ... | 1995 | 7659054 |
| a novel glass fiber disc culture system for testing of small amounts of compounds on growth and aflatoxin production by aspergillus flavus. | a new method for growing aspergillus flavus for experimental studies is presented. the system consists of a humidified vial with a thick septum pierced by a pin on which a glass fiber disc is affixed. the disc contains the test solution and inoculum plus medium. the method has been used to assess the effect of variations in culture conditions on production of aflatoxin b1 (afb1). the afb1 level was affected by the amount of medium placed on the disc and type of disc material. the results for dif ... | 1995 | 7659139 |
| mycological evaluation of chemically-treated unshelled peanuts. | in the present work, the effect of propionic acid (ammonium salt) at 3000 mg/kg of unshelled peanuts (pa1) and at 5000 mg/kg (pa2), grapefruit seed extract at 5000 mg/kg (gf1) and 10,000 mg/kg (gf2), sodium orthophenylphenate at 2500 mg/kg (sop1) and at 5000 mg/kg (sop2) and thiabendazole at 1000 mg/kg (tbz1) and at 5000 mg/kg (tbz2) was studied for controlling total and potentially aflatoxigenic fungi in unshelled peanuts (up). samples of sound mature up were moistened by adding water and kept ... | 1995 | 7664925 |
| aspergillus flavus-induced chitosanase in germinating corn and peanut seeds: a. flavus mechanism for growth dominance over associated fungi and concomitant aflatoxin production. | chitosanase, a new class of enzymes with antifungal properties was induced by toxigenic aspergillus flavus in both germinating corn and peanut seeds. the enzyme was partially purified and fractioned by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis activity and copolymerized with chitosan or glycolchitosan as substrate, then quantified by scanning densitometry and a 2-dimensional analysis software program. chitosanase enzyme was markedly induced by toxigenic a. flavus growing in germinating corn and pea ... | 1995 | 7664946 |
| selection for resistance to aflatoxin formation in maize through seed inoculation. | the efficiency of selection for resistance to aflatoxin development caused by aspergillus flavus l. ex fries, in maize (zea mays l.) grain was studied in three cimmyt lowland tropical maize populations. seed samples of each population were inoculated with a spore suspension of cultures of aspergillus spp. known to produce aflatoxins. inoculated seeds were maintained at 85% rh in plastic boxes kept at room temperature. at 50% germination, seed samples were planted in the field. at flowering time, ... | 1995 | 7664948 |
| production of aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, and g2 in pure and mixed cultures of aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus. | production of aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, and g2 in pure and mixed cultures of aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus were compared. differing percentages of a. parasiticus (nrrl 2999) and a. flavus (nrrl 5520) conidia were used as inoculum and allowed to grow in static liquid culture for 10 days. the pure and mixed cultures of a. parasiticus/a. flavus were extracted and the aflatoxins partially purified. high-performance liquid chromatography was then used to determine aflatoxin concentratio ... | 1995 | 7664952 |
| phylogenetic relationships of five species of aspergillus and related taxa as deduced by comparison of sequences of small subunit ribosomal rna. | the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the 18s rrna of aspergillus flavus, a. nidulans, a. terreus and a. niger were elucidated and aligned to the sequences of a. fumigatus. in addition, the 18s rrna sequences of the v4-v9 region of morphologically similar filamentous fungi, e.g. penicillium chrysogenum, p. marneffei and paecilomyces variotii, were elucidated. phylogenetic analysis and comparison showed a very close intergeneric relationship of the genus aspergillus to species of the gen ... | 1995 | 7666299 |
| [changes in erythrocytes in chronic poisoning with metabolites of aspergillus flavus fungi]. | rabbit experiments established that oral administration of aspergillus flavus fungal metabolites caused a decrease in hemoglobin and erythrocyte counts, as well as a change in the volume and sizes of erythrocytes. | 1995 | 7667038 |
| adjuvant itraconazole in the treatment of destructive sphenoid aspergillosis. | paranasal aspergillosis is a potentially progressive continuum of disease, classically described as having four forms: allergic, non-invasive, invasive, and fulminant. the first two have been considered together as extramucosal disease whilst the latter two are both variants of tissue-invasive disease. sphenoid aspergillosis, given its anatomical location is a more aggressive disease than that found affecting the other paranasal sinuses, even when non-invasive, and may be fatal. this is compound ... | 1994 | 7701229 |
| mycotic salpingitis in a japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | an adult female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was received for postmortem examination. necropsy revealed the presence of white to grayish nodules 2-5 mm in diameter on the serosal surface of the oviduct. aspergillus flavus was isolated from these nodules in pure culture. histologically, these nodules were medium to large granulomatous lesions in serosa and the muscular wall of the oviduct. the lesions contained a large central necrotic core surrounded by giant cells, macrophages, a ... | 1994 | 7702530 |
| immunostimulating effects of protein a in immunosuppressed aflatoxin-intoxicated rats. | aflatoxin b1, the potent carcinogenic compound produced by the aspergillus flavus group of fungi on food and feed, induces immunosuppressive effects in rodents. in this communication, we report an immunomodulatory approach to abrogate aflatoxin b1-induced immunotoxicity in rats using protein a of staphylococcus aureus cowan 1. we have earlier demonstrated that protein a can protect the animals from toxicities induced by a number of drugs, chemicals and toxins. in the present study various combin ... | 1994 | 7705970 |
| the current role of aspergillus and penicillium in human and animal health. | aspergillus and penicillium are ubiquitous fungi, usually found as saprophytes. only a few species are considered to be important in human or animal disease. however, many otherwise benign species are supreme opportunists and have been found increasingly as invaders of the immuno-compromised. this paper first describes with a broad brush modern approaches to the classification of these genera, the reasons behind some name changes and the effective forces now acting to stabilize names. recent tax ... | 1994 | 7722784 |
| in vitro antifungal and fungicidal spectra of a new pradimicin derivative, bms-181184. | a new pradimicin derivative, bms-181184, was compared with amphotericin b and fluconazole against 249 strains from 35 fungal species to determine its antifungal spectrum. antifungal testing was performed by the broth macrodilution reference method recommended by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (document m27-p, 1992). bms-181184 mics for 97% of the 167 strains of candida spp., cryptococcus neoformans, torulopsis glabrata, and rhodotorula spp. tested were < or = 8 microgra ... | 1995 | 7726485 |
| comparative and collaborative evaluation of standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing for filamentous fungi. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the interlaboratory agreement of broth dilution susceptibility methods for five species of conidium-forming (size range, 2 to 7 microns) filamentous fungi. the methods used included both macro- and microdilution methods that were adaptations of the proposed reference method of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards for yeasts (m27-p). the mics of amphotericin b, fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole were determined in s ... | 1995 | 7726488 |
| purification and characterization of alpha-amylase from aspergillus flavus. | aspergillus flavus produced approximately 50 u/ml of amylolytic activity when grown in liquid medium with raw low-grade tapioca starch as substrate. electrophoretic analysis of the culture filtrate showed the presence of only one amylolytic enzyme, identified as an alpha-amylase as evidenced by (i) rapid loss of color in iodine-stained starch and (ii) production of a mixture of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose as starch digestion products. the enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfa ... | 1994 | 7729774 |
| discrepancies between mic and mlc values of amphotericin b against isolates of aspergillus species. | there is little information addressing the phenomena of discrepancy between minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimal lethal concentrations (mlc) values of amphotericin b (amb) to clinical isolates of fungi. this study assessed in vitro activity of amb against 70 clinical isolates of aspergilli: 30 strains of aspergillus fumigatus, 20 strains of aspergillus flavus and 20 strains of aspergillus niger. susceptibility tests were accomplished using a macro broth dilution procedure, with sp ... | 1994 | 7739726 |
| production of hormones by fungi. | twenty species of filamentous fungi were tested for their gibberellin and sterol production, with emphasis on the action of some factors on these products. while all cultures produced both gibberellin and sterol in variable amounts, aspergillus flavus, a. niger, a. ochraceus, cladosporium cladosporioides, gibberella zeae, penicillium funiculosum, p. italicum and p. rubrum were the best producers. the isolates of a. niger isolated from soil and p. italicum isolated from citrus fruit were selected ... | 1994 | 7740983 |
| [fluctuations in serum antigens and antibodies in a patient with primary cutaneous aspergillosis associated with acute leukemia]. | a 5-year-old girl developed cutaneous aspergillosis due to aspergillus flavus while undergoing remission induction therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. of six serum samples obtained during the acute stage of aspergillus infection, four showed antigenemia (6.5-22.9 ng/ml) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). however, five serum samples obtained after treatment with amphotericin b and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor showed negative results for antigens. sera obtained o ... | 1995 | 7745300 |
| endogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis associated with periodontitis. | we report a 64-year-old woman who developed endogenous endophthalmitis in the course of severe periodontitis. histopathological examination of the vitreous debris obtained during vitrectomy disclosed fungi and its culture identified aspergillus flavus. periodontitis should be considered as one of the infectious foci for endogenous fungal endophthalmitis as well as bacterial endophthalmitis. | 1995 | 7746643 |
| genetic improvements of an industrial strain of aspergillus flavus for urate oxidase production. | urate oxidase, an enzyme used in human therapy, is currently produced industrially by a strain of aspergillus flavus. two strategies of strain improvement were tested in order to obtain higher yields of urate oxidase. the first one, based on a classical mutation-selection protocol, led to the isolation of a mutant strain that overproduced uricase two-fold as compared to the industrial strain. the second one consisted in the construction of transformed strains that had integrated multiple copies ... | 1993 | 7763466 |
| isolation of aspergillus flavus mo-5 producing two types of intracellular alpha-d-xylosidases: purification and characterization of alpha-d-xylosidase i. | one strain (mo-5) of fungi producing alpha-d-xylosidase was isolated from sake koji by a method using glucose oxidase. mo-5 was identified as an aspergillus flavus strain, produced no aflatoxin (b1, b2, g1, and g2). two different types of alpha-d-xylosidases were detected in the cell-free extract. one of the enzymes (alpha-d-xylosidase i) was purified to an electrophoretically pure state by successive chromatography on q-sepharose, phenyl superose, pl-sax, and tsk-gel g3000swxl. the purified enz ... | 1993 | 7764013 |
| purification and characterization of an intracellular alpha-d-xylosidase ii from aspergillus flavus mo-5. | alpha-d-xylosidase ii activity from aspergillus flavus mo-5 was increased roughly 5- to 10-fold by use of xylose instead of methyl alpha-d-xylopyranoside (alpha-mx) as a carbon source. the enzyme was purified to an electrophoretically pure state by successive chromatography on q-sepharose, phenyl superose, pl-sax, and tsk-gel g3000swxl. the purified enzyme hydrolyzed isoprimeverose [alpha-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-d-glucopyranose] and p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-xylopyranoside (alpha-p-npx), but not alp ... | 1993 | 7764014 |
| transfer action of alpha-d-xylosidases from aspergillus flavus mo-5 on p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-xylopyranoside. | the transfer action of alpha-d-xylosidase i and ii from aspergillus flavus mo-5 on p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-xylopyranoside (alpha-p-npx) was investigated, as compared with that of commercial alpha-d-xylosidase (from bacillus sp.). in reaction mixtures with various concentrations of alpha-p-npx, both enzymes (i and ii) liberated p-nitrophenol and xylose at low concentrations, and showed transfer products in addition to hydrolyzates at high concentrations. ip-1 and ip-3, iip-1 and iip-2, and cp-1 and ... | 1994 | 7764508 |
| antifungal action and antiaflatoxigenic properties of some essential oil constituents. | the effect of 20 essential oil constituents on aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production was tested at the level of 1000 ppm. some of the tested oils exhibited inhibitory effects on fungal growth and toxin formation. five oils, namely geraniol, nerol and citronellol (aliphatic oils), cinnamaldehyde (aromatic aldehyde) and thymol (phenolic ketone), completely suppressed growth and aflatoxin synthesis. trials for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of these oils reveale ... | 1994 | 7765221 |
| [the occurrence of keratinolytic fungi in the polluted environment of the labedy district in gliwice]. | this study was undertaken to find relationships between the degree of bacteriological contamination with qualitative composition of potentially pathogenic keratinolytic fungal population in soil, sediment and air samples from the labedy district in gliwice (poland). the examined soil samples were characterized by the predominance of botryotrichum piluliferum, chrysosporium anamorph of arthroderma curreyi, myceliophthora anamorph of ctenomyces serratus, chrysosporium pannicola and trichphyton aje ... | 1994 | 7792523 |
| construction and characterization of a dna probe for distinguishing strains of aspergillus flavus. | repetitive dna sequences have proven useful and reliable characters in evaluating genetic relatedness of strains at different levels of taxonomic classification. a dna probe was constructed to distinguish among strains of aspergillus flavus by dna fingerprinting techniques. chromosomal dna of a. flavus var. flavus nrrl 6541 was partially digested with ecori and ligated to a lambda dash bacteriophage vector. four lambda clones were identified which displayed multiple and distinct bands when hybri ... | 1995 | 7793909 |
| comparative mapping of aflatoxin pathway gene clusters in aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus. | aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus. aflatoxins are synthesized by condensation of acetate units; their synthesis is estimated to involve at least 16 different enzymes. in this study we have shown that at least nine genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway are located within a 60-kb dna fragment. four of these genes, nor-1, aflr, ver-1, and omta (previously named omt-1), have been cloned in a. flavus ... | 1995 | 7793957 |
| increased expression of aspergillus parasiticus aflr, encoding a sequence-specific dna-binding protein, relieves nitrate inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis. | the aflr gene from aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus may be involved in the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis. the aflr gene product, aflr, possesses a gal4-type binuclear zinc finger dna-binding domain. a transformant, su1-n3 (phsp), containing an additional copy of aflr, showed increased transcription of aflr and the aflatoxin pathway structural genes, nor-1, ver-1, and omt-1, when cells were grown in nitrate medium, which normally suppresses aflatoxin production. electrophoret ... | 1995 | 7793958 |
| differentiation of aspergillus parasiticus from aspergillus sojae by random amplification of polymorphic dna. | aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus sojae are two morphologically similar species belonging to the aspergillus section flavi. a new method to distinguish the two species, the aflatoxin producer a. parasiticus and the koji mold a. sojae, was developed. single primers with arbitrary sequences were used to generate random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers from strains of these two species. three decamers, opa-04, opb-10, and opr-01, allowed adequate discrimination between strains of a. p ... | 1995 | 7793959 |
| malignant external otitis due to aspergillus flavus with fulminant dissemination to the lungs. | malignant external otitis secondary to aspergillus infection is rare, and only 10 cases have been reported in the literature. nine of 10 patients responded to therapy and survived their infection. there have been no previous reports of dissemination of aspergillus species from the ear to other organs. we describe a case of malignant external otitis due to aspergillus flavus that disseminated hematogenously to the lungs. the result was an overwhelming, miliary pulmonary infection, which progresse ... | 1995 | 7795050 |
| the normal mycoflora of commodities from thailand. 2. beans, rice, small grains and other commodities. | part of a comprehensive study of fungi occurring in commodities in thailand, this paper reports results from 276 samples of mung beans, rice, sorghum and soybeans as well as other minor crops. samples for major commodities were taken from farmers' stocks, middlemen and retail outlets, while those for minor crops were mostly from retail. each sample was divided into two portions, one being examined in bangkok and the second at north ryde. mycological examinations were carried out by direct platin ... | 1994 | 7811571 |
| inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production in aspergillus parasiticus by essential oils of selected plant materials. | we studied the effect of 13 chemically different essential oils (eo) on the mycelial growth of and aflatoxin synthesis by aspergillus parasiticus. cinnamon, thyme, oregano, and cumin eo were able to stop mycelial growth at only 0.1% in the medium, while curcumin, ginger, lemon, and orange eo were unable to inhibit totally the growth even at 1% concentration. coriander, black pepper, mugwort, bay, and rosemary eo caused the growth to stop at concentrations between 0.2 and 1%. the eo most active u ... | 1994 | 7823297 |
| vitamin a ameliorates the genotoxicity in mice of aflatoxin b1-containing aspergillus flavus infested food. | young weaning swiss albino mice were orally administered crude aflatoxin b1 in a dose mimicking human exposure condition, i.e. at 0.05 micrograms/kg body weight/day for 14 weeks. vitamin a (retinol) was orally administered along with the toxin in double (132 iu/kg body wt/day) the human equivalent therapeutic dose. the results suggested that vitamin a minimised the frequency of toxin-induced clastogeny in both mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. the decreases in sperm count as well as increases in ... | 1994 | 7835072 |
| purification and characterization of the glucoamylase produced by a strain of aspergillus flavus. | a strain of aspergillus flavus isolated from an agricultural soil in egypt produced a gluycoamylase which when purified had a molecular weight of 51,300 +/- 800 daltons. the optimum ph for activity was 4 and the optimum temperature was 60 degrees c. the enzyme was stable at 70 degrees c for 15 min but denatured at 90 degrees c over 30 min. the km value with soluble starch was 2.85 mg ml-1, and 10 mm hgcl2 inhibited the enzyme. it was possible to store the enzyme for at least 1 year at -20 degree ... | 1994 | 7854201 |
| aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin b1 in flour production. | this paper discusses the results of investigations of contamination with aflatoxin-producing fungi and aflatoxin b1 affecting 545 samples of wheat grains, 475 samples of intermediate products of wheat grain being milled to flour (like middlings) and 238 samples of flour. a significant contamination with moulds was detected in analyzed samples. although aspergillus (34.87%) and penicillium (32.37%) dominated, other types were also present, e.g., cladosporium, fusarium, mucor, alternaria, rhizopus ... | 1994 | 7859854 |
| predicting fungal growth: the effect of water activity on aspergillus flavus and related species. | growth of four species belonging to aspergillus section flavi (a. flavus, a. oryzae, a. parasiticus and a. nomius) was studied at 30 degrees c at ten water activities (aw) between 0.995 and 0.810 adjusted with equal mixtures of glucose and fructose. colony diameters were measured at intervals and plotted against time. a flexible growth model describing the change in colony diameter (mm) with respect to time was first fitted to the measured growth data and from the fitted curves the maximum colon ... | 1994 | 7873341 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel polygalacturonase-encoding gene from aspergillus parasiticus. | pectinases produced by aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus are believed to play a significant role in the ability of these fungi to spread in cotton bolls and other crops. utilizing a dna probe, generated by pcr, of the aspergillus niger pgaii gene, we have isolated a novel, constitutively expressed polygalacturonase (pg)-encoding gene (peca) from an a. parasiticus cdna library. dna sequence analysis and the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence of peca demonstrated significant identity at the nucl ... | 1995 | 7883176 |
| sequence variability in homologs of the aflatoxin pathway gene aflr distinguishes species in aspergillus section flavi. | the aspergillus parasiticus aflr gene, a gene that may be involved in the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis, encodes a putative zinc finger dna-binding protein. pcr and sequencing were used to examine the presence of aflr homologs in other members of aspergillus section flavi. the predicted amino acid sequences indicated that the same zinc finger domain, ctscasskvrctkekpacarcierglac, was present in all of the aspergillus sojae, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus parasiticus isolates examined ... | 1995 | 7887625 |
| invasive otitis externa due to aspergillus species: case report and review. | aspergillus flavus, an unusual cause of malignant external otitis, was identified in pure culture of tissue from two patients in which histologic examinations demonstrated branching septate hyphae invading the temporal bone. both patients presented with protracted external ear pain. multiple attempts at treatment with topical agents (polymyxin b sulfate-neomycin sulfate-hydrocortisone), oral agents (cephalexin and ciprofloxacin), and parenteral agents (ceftazidime and tobramycin) were unsuccessf ... | 1994 | 7893871 |
| invasive mycotic and actinomycotic oropharyngeal and craniofacial infection in two patients with aids. | two cases of invasive oropharyngeal and craniofacial infection caused by fungal and actinomycotic pathogens are described in hiv-infected patients. two women with a previous diagnosis of aids, one with non-hodgkin's lymphoma and one with candida oesophagitis, developed a subacute, invasive inflammatory process characterized by ulcerative necrotizing lesions spreading from the oropharynx up to the soft and hard palate, maxillary sinuses and nasal cavity, with extensive soft-tissue necrosis. altho ... | 1994 | 7898519 |
| aflatoxin production by aspergillus flavus field isolates. | a total of 103 aspergillus flavus isolates from 150 agricultural commodities and animal feed samples were tested for aflatoxin production by growing on a semisynthetic liquid medium for 1 w followed by chromatography and spectrophotometric quantification for aflatoxin. all isolates produced 1 or more aflatoxins; 41 isolates (40%) produced all 4 aflatoxins (b1, b2, g1 and g2). aflatoxin g1 was produced by 81 (80%) of the isolates. | 1994 | 7900269 |
| investigation of an epidemic of invasive aspergillosis: utility of molecular typing with the use of random amplified polymorphic dna probes. | when seven immunocompromised patients developed invasive aspergillosis during construction at a hospital, new methods were performed to compare fungal isolates and a case-control study was conducted to determine risks for infection. typing of aspergillus flavus with the use of restriction endonuclease analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism using random amplified polymorphic dna reactions to generate dna probes revealed different patterns between isolates from two patients and a si ... | 1994 | 7915415 |
| sterility and the disinfection potential of indian contact lens solutions. | ocular infection associated with microbial contamination of contact lens care products is a major problem in contact lens wearers. the sterility and the antimicrobial activity of contact lens care systems reflect their suitability for disinfection of contact lenses. these factors remain to be evaluated for the various newer contact lens care products manufactured in india. in this study, 35 bottles of contact lens solutions marketed by different manufacturing units in india were tested for steri ... | 1994 | 7927633 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of the cdna and gene for a novel elastinolytic metalloproteinase from aspergillus fumigatus and its expression in escherichia coli. | an extracellular elastinolytic metalloproteinase, purified from aspergillus fumigatus isolated from an aspergillosis and patient/and an internal peptide derived from it were subjected to n-terminal sequencing. oligonucleotide primers based on these sequences were used to pcr amplify a segment of the metalloproteinase cdna, which was used as a probe to isolate the cdna and gene for this enzyme. the gene sequence matched exactly with the cdna sequence except for the four introns that interrupted t ... | 1994 | 7927676 |
| general primer-mediated pcr for detection of aspergillus species. | a pcr assay was developed for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. for this purpose, the complete nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the 18s rrna of aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus terreus, aspergillus niger, and aspergillus flavus were elucidated and aligned to the sequences of aspergillus fumigatus and other clinically relevant prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. genus-specific sequences could be identified in the v7 to v9 region of 18s rrna. ... | 1994 | 7929762 |
| mycoflora, and mycotoxins production in nigerian corn and corn-based snacks. | thirty-one fungal species, mostly toxigenic and belonging to 11 genera were isolated from corn, corn cake and corn roll snack samples. aspergillus, penicillium and fusarium accounted for 10, 6 and 3 of the species and altogether, they constituted 90, 94 and 88 percent of the total fungi in corn, corn cake and corn roll snack respectively. mycotoxins (aflatoxins and ochratoxin a) were detected in 45, 80 and 12 percent while the means and ranges of the total aflatoxins recorded were: 200(25-770 pp ... | 1994 | 7935733 |
| time of aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin formation in ripening of figs. | figs in an orchard were inoculated with an aflatoxigenic aspergillus flavus strain in two ways by spore injection or by dusting at three maturation stages: firm ripe, shrivelled, and dried. fruits were individually examined for fungal development and analyzed for aflatoxin b1 (af b1) after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. fruit injected at the first stage showed fungal development and af b1 contamination within two days. the toxin level increased sharply to 1 ppm after 10 days. the mean level of af b1 (2 ... | 1994 | 7935736 |
| ear-rot fungi and mycotoxins in south african corn of the 1989 crop exported to taiwan. | a shipment of south african corn (1989) exported to taiwan, was analyzed for various ear-rot fungi and fusarium mycotoxins. two sets of samples, one from the points of origin in south africa prior to shipment, and the other from the end-point distributors in taiwan, were studied. surface-sterilized kernels were plated onto two different agar media and the fungal colonies identified. high performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze mycotoxin levels. the predominant ear-rot fungi, in dec ... | 1994 | 7935737 |
| hydrocortisone-enhanced growth of aspergillus spp.: implications for pathogenesis. | aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus flavus are the most common cause of invasive mould infections worldwide and carry a high mortality. corticosteroid therapy and cushing's disease are associated with an increase in invasive aspergillosis. corticosteroids impair immune function in mammals and, specifically, the conidicidal activity of human macrophages, which was thought to be sufficient explanation for this increased risk. however, we have found a 30-40% increase in growth rate of a. fumigatu ... | 1994 | 7952197 |
| virulence studies of aspergillus nidulans mutants requiring lysine or p-aminobenzoic acid in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. | to identify steps in fungal intermediary metabolism required by aspergillus spp. during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, we have developed murine models involving aspergillus nidulans as the inoculum. the advantages of using a. nidulans over aspergillus fumigatus or aspergillus flavus, which are the most common agents of clinical disease, are the well-understood genetics of a. nidulans and a large range of mutants of this species which are affected in a variety of metabolic pathways. comparison ... | 1994 | 7960102 |
| aspergillus spondylodiscitis: successful conservative treatment in 9 cases. | to assess the effectiveness of medical treatment by clinical, radiological, and biological analysis of outcome in 9 patients with aspergillus spondylodiscitis. | 1994 | 7966071 |
| molecular analysis of two cdna clones encoding acidic class i chitinase in maize. | the cloning and analysis of two different cdna clones encoding putative maize (zea mays l.) chitinases obtained by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and cdna library screening is described. the cdna library was made from poly(a)+ rna from leaves challenged with mercuric chloride for 2 d. the two clones, pch2 and pch11, appear to encode class i chitinase isoforms with cysteine-rich domains (not found in pch11 due to the incomplete sequence) and proline-/glycine-rich or proline-rich hinge domains, r ... | 1994 | 7972490 |