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enzyme composition of the lysosomes of aspergillus clavatus. 197718654
activation parameters for the cleavage reaction of cytidine-2',3'-monophosphate catalyzed by penicillium brevicompactum and aspergillus clavatus rnases.on the basis of coincidence of all activation parameters (e, deltah*, deltaf* and deltas*) for the reaction of cleavage of cytidine-2';3'-monophosphate catalyzed by "acid" (ph-optimum 4.7) nonspecific rnases from aspergillus clavatus and penicillium brevicompactum (ec 3. 1. 4. 23) it has been proposed that the mechanism of action on this reaction stage (hydrolysis) for both enzymes is equal.197823869
interaction of intracellular rnaase from aspergillus clavatus with derivatives of its substrates.using spectrophotometric and kinetic methods and also the methods of protection of aspergillus clavatus rnase (ec 3.1.4.23) by adenine nucleotides and their components against inactivation by means of acylation or heating, it was found that rnase-nucleotide complex was formed by association of one enzyme molecule with one nucleotide molecule. it was also shown that all components of nucleotides (base, ribose and phosphate) take part in the formation of such complex and the removal of one of them ...197826429
[newer veterinary neuropathological conditions in south africa (author's transl)].a brief review is given of some of the more recent findings on lesions of diseases affecting the central nervous system of animals. these include local diseases caused by poisonous plants; helichrysum argyrosphaerum, solanum kwebense, matricaria nigellaefolia; infectious diseases e.g. heartwater, cerebral babesiosis and cranial abscesses in goats caused by corynebacterium pyogenes. reference is also made to some conditions, originally described in overseas countries and which subsequently have b ...1977327065
fungal antigens as a source of sensitization and respiratory disease in scottish maltworkers.mycological and serological studies were carried out as part of a survey of respiratory disease in scottish maltworkers. 70% of stained sputum smears from 574 workers showed the presence of higher plant cells and/or myclelia, and the spores of common environmental fungi. penicillium spp. (90%), rhizopus stolonifer (48%) and yeasts (53%) were the dominant fungi in 699 sputum cultures, and showed a similar proportional distribution in 327 samples of grain, malt, culms and dusts from fifty-six malt ...1977589785
wild rice as fermentation substrate for mycotoxin production.many cereal grains have been studied for their suitability as substrates for the fermentative production of mycotoxins. however, except for aflatoxin, wild rice has not been investigated. hence, five mold cultures known to produce the mycotoxins ochratoxin-a, penicillic acid, patulin, vomitoxin, and zearalenone were grown on wild rice under varying conditions of moisture and temperature to determine whether this grain would serve as a suitable substrate for toxin production. under appropriate fe ...1978623456
the occurrence and nature of alveolitis-inducing substances in aspergillus clavatus.five groups of antigens were identified in culture filtrates and extracts from spores and mycelia of aspergillus clavatus fractionated by gel filtration, affinity chromatography, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels and chemical analysis. some particulate and soluble fractions given by nasal inoculation provoked murine allergic alveolitis in non-sensitized and sensitized precipitin-negative, and sensitized, precipitin-positive, animals. alveolitis-inducing substances appeared to be glycoprotei ...1978668202
four new mycotoxins of aspergillus clavatus related to tryptoquivaline. 1977830860
improved procedure for production of cytochalasin e and tremorgenic mycotoxins by aspergillus clavatus.this report describes an improved procedure for production of cytochalasin e and tremorgens by solid substrate, agitated fermentation of aspergillus clavatus on pearled barley.1976942203
[inhibition of aspergillus clavatus intracellular rna-ase by nucleotides and the components comprising them].the constants of inhibition by the nucleotides and constituting components catalysed by intracellular "acid" (phopt 4.7), non-specific rnase from asp. clavatus (ec 3.1.4.23) were determined.. all the nucleotides were found to be competitive inhibitors. the influence of composition and structure of the nucleotides on their interaction with the active site of rnase is discussed.1976958225
a highly fatal tremorgenic mycotoxicosis of cattle caused by aspergillus clavatus.during february 1975, a tremorgenic neurotoxicosis decimated a herd of cattle in the northern transvaal. this hitherto unidentified disease was characterized by hypersensitivity, incoordination, a peculiar stiff-legged gait of the hind legs, severe generalized tumors of the sketetal muscles, progressive paresis, paralysis and constipation. the most notable gross pathological lesions were degenerative and necrotic changes in certain skeletal muscles, haemorrhages on the serosal surfaces, especial ...19761012654
letter: tryptoquivaline and tryptoquivalone, two tremorgenic metabolites of aspergillus clavatus. 19751133368
[isolation and some properties of a nonspecific extracellular ribonuclease of aspergillus clavatus].rnase has been isolated from the homogenate of the aspergillus clavatus mycelium by gel filtration through sephadex g-75, chromatography on cm-cellulose and deae-cellulose. by gel filtration and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel the preparation has been shown to be homogeneous. the enzyme is acid protein with the isoelectric point at ph 4.4 and molecular weight of 27,000. rnase has ph optimum at 6.0--6.2 and temperature optimum 60 degrees for rna action. the enzyme splits rna completely in t ...19751187571
[toxinogenic moulds of silage. iv. - patulin production in liquid medium using fungus species isolated in silages (author's transl)].the toxinogenesis of 18 strains of byssochlamys nivea, 4 of byssochlamys fulva, 7 of paecilomyces varioti, 2 of aspergillus clavatus, i of aspergillus terreus, and i of penicillium urticae, isolated in ensilaged forages, is tested at 26 degrees c in czapek's enriched liquid medium (8 p. 1000 glucose + 2 p. 1000 yeast extract). 100 p. 100 of byssochlamys nivea strains, 75 p. 100 of byssochlamys fulva and 12 p. 100 of paecilomyces varioti strains produce patulin after 9 days of culture. mycotoxin ...19751232908
extrinsic allergic alveolitis in scottish maltworkers.in a survey of respiratory disease in the scottish malting industry 5.2% of employees were found to have symptoms of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. in most cases the disease was mild and not associated with any serious respiratory disability. it was significantly less common where modern mechanical methods of malting were used. mycological and serological studies suggested that it was usually caused by a type 3 allergic reaction to aspergillus clavatus.19761252813
[substrate specificity of aspergillus clavatus intracellular acid rnaase].substrate specificity of intracellular acid rnase from aspergillus clavatus, has been studied using different rnas, synthetic polynucleotides and diribonucleoside monophosphates as substrates. the enzyme was shown to be a rnase, non-specific to the chemical nature of bases adjacent to the disrupted phosphodiesther bonds in the molecules of rna. it has been demonstrated that the order of nucleotide release from rna coincides with the order of weakening of the enzyme binding to substrates xpy, dep ...19761276281
batch and continuous ribonuclease production by immobilized aspergillus clavatus cells in a bubble-column bioreactor.ribonuclease production using immobilized cells (ic) of aspergillus clavatus has been studied under batch, repeated-batch and continuous fermentation conditions in a bubble-column bioreactor and compared with production by free cells. immobilization was achieved by the method of cryostructurization in polyvinyl alcohol beads. the effect of various aeration rates in a column bioreactor has been investigated. enzyme production by ic [42,000 units (u).1(-1)] during batch fermentations was comparabl ...19921368500
biosynthesis of glyantrypine by aspergillus clavatus.the biosynthesis of glyantrypine from radiolabelled amino acid precursors has been shown experimentally to involve anthranilic acid, tryptophan and glycine. low values for percentage incorporation of radiolabel into glyantrypine were partly influenced by a complex array of other novel alkaloids shown by the radiolabelling experiments to be related to glyantrypine. interpretation of radiolabel incorporation from [14c-carboxyl]-anthranilic acid into microbial metabolites seen to contain an anthran ...19921624120
immobilization of aspergillus clavatus in a membrane bioreactor.the possibility of the immobilization of a. clavatus in a membrane bioreactor which contains the nuclear membrane is investigated. the immobilization of cells in this bioreactor permits to increase the time of the productive functioning of the cells and avoids the procedure of a biomass separation from the cultural liquid.19911841853
aspergillus clavatus as the probable cause of a lethal mass neurotoxicosis in sheep.sprouted barley grains, the waste product of malt extract production, were incriminated as the cause of a lethal (96% mortality) neurotoxic syndrome in sheep fed the grains. clinical manifestations, comprising tremors, lameness, abnormal gait, paralysis and death indicated a tremorgenic mycotoxicosis. whilst 50% of the flock died within 17 days, mortality continued over more than 5 months. pathological findings were limited to neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the midbrain. germinating grain ...19911857399
[a toxicological evaluation of micromycetes isolated from salmon roe].three species of micromycetes (aspergillus clavatus desm., cladosporium herbarum (pers) lk., penicillium canescens sopp.) isolated from the cultivated salmon spawn have been studied for their toxigenic properties and pathogenicity for warm-blooded animals. ld50 are determined for mice perorally administered mycelium suspension of the first two species; the third of the studied species proved to be nontoxicogenic. the possible pathogenic action of mycotoxins on fish spawn in aquarium is discussed ...19902198440
polysaccharide degrading enzymes of a toxigenic strain of aspergillus clavatus from nigerian poultry feeds.the factors responsible for the production and activities of polysaccharide degrading enzymes of a toxigenic strain of aspergillus clavatus (asc - ib 202) on an oat meal chaff (omc) medium were studied. the enzymes assayed for were amylases, cm-cellulases, filter paper (fp)-cellulases, xylanases and dextranases. amylase production by a. clavatus (asc - ib 202) reached a peak within 48 h of incubation at 30 degrees c while optimal production of cm-cellulases occurred on day 6. the fp-cellulase an ...19872449615
a fodder mycotoxicosis of ruminants caused by contamination of a distillery by-product with aspergillus clavatus.cattle and sheep, grazed successively on the same pasture and given the same supplementary feeding, developed ataxia and several animals became recumbent. three cattle died within two weeks and the worst affected sheep were killed for laboratory examination. the supplementary diet which consisted largely of a distillery by-product, malt culms, was submitted for mycological examination and fed to two housed lambs. aspergillus clavatus was cultured from the culms, and both the affected sheep and t ...19892929087
determination of localization of ribonuclease in aspergillus clavatus.indirect fluorescent antibody method was used to demonstrate the localization of a. clavatus ribonuclease in apical cell ends. using protoplasts, ribonuclease was found to be present mainly in the periplasmic space.19883060415
[stepwise synthesis of oligonucleotides. xxxiv. preparative synthesis of trinucleoside diphosphates and longer oligoribonucleotides using immobilized ribonucleases].immobilized guanyl-specific ribonucleases from aspergillus clavatus (c2), a. oryzae (t1), and bacillus intermedius 7p (bi) have been used for preparative synthesis of ten trinucleoside diphosphates, three tetra- and one pentanucleotide having the only guanylic acid residue at the 5'-end. the nucleotide sequence of the oligonucleotide synthesised determined the choice of the ribonuclease.19873118885
toxigenic fungi and the deterioration of nigerian poultry feeds.growth of toxigenic strains of aspergillus clavatus des. and aspergillus flavus link at 30 degrees c on milled poultry feeds led to a considerable decrease in the protein, oil and crude fibre contents of the feed substrate. a corresponding increase in the free fatty acid fractions of the feeds due to the activities of these microbes was also recorded. rapid degradation of the feedstuff by both species was recorded at a temperature of 25 degrees c and 30 degrees c and a ph range of 4.8-6.4. when ...19873122047
aspergillus clavatus endocarditis involving a normal aortic valve following coronary artery surgery.aspergillus species causing endocarditis on a native heart valve is a rare occurrence with an exceedingly high mortality. this report describes a 60-year-old man who developed aspergillus clavatus endocarditis of the aortic valve 18 months after coronary artery bypass surgery. the aortic valve was angiographically normal on cardiac catheterization performed before coronary artery surgery. despite aortic valve replacement and amphotericin b therapy, the patient died as a result of aspergillus spe ...19863491407
the purification and activities of an alkaline protease of aspergillus clavatus from nigerian poultry feeds.optimal growth and extracellular protease production by aspergillus clavatus des. was recorded at 30 degrees c and between days 5 and 7 of the 8-day incubation period. purification of this enzyme was achieved by a combination of ultrafiltration, alcoholic precipitation and fractionation on deae-cellulose and sephadex-g.200. a single peak of an alkaline protease was subsequently obtained with a 9-fold increase in specific activity and a final recovery value of 26.2%. the enzyme had optimal activi ...19863534215
[specificity of the intracellular rnase ii from aspergillus clavatus]. 19744218762
[purification of the intracellular ribonucleases of aspergillus clavatus]. 19734363288
the utilization of nitrogen sources by aspergillus clavatus. 19744436651
[isolation and properties of intracellular ribonuclease from aspergillus clavatus 1816]. 19724628511
[specificity and characteristics of the effect on polyribonucleotides of rnaase c2 from aspergillus clavatus]. 19724636167
[extracellular rnaase c2 from aspergillus clavatus. purification and amino acid composition]. 19724640919
large scale synthesis of dinucleoside monophosphates catalyzed by ribonuclease from aspergillus clavatus. 19724647693
[specificity of aspergillus clavatus 1816 intracellular ribonuclease]. 19724670466
the soluble carbohydrates of aspergillus clavatus. 19734722561
natural regulators of intracellular ribonuclease activity of aspergillus clavatus. 19734723302
letter: structure of cytochalasin e, a toxic metabolite of aspergillus clavatus. 19734733808
[properties of highly purified rnaase c2 from aspergillus clavatus]. 19734751245
[properties of highly purified rnaase c2 from aspergillus clavatus]. 19734778009
the apparent lack of radiochemical and metabolic turnover of long-chain fatty acids in the fungus aspergillus clavatus. 19734785891
[properties of the intracellular ribonucleases of aspergillus clavatus]. 19744849518
microbial flora of pecan meat.microorganisms found associated with commercially shelled pecan meats are numerous and varied. no bacteria and only two fungal microorganisms, aspergillus clavatus and tricothecium species, were found on aseptically shelled pecans.19714938104
[specific inhibitor of ribonuclease in aspergillus clavatus 1816]. 19725043495
[extracellular acid phosphomonoesterase of aspergillus clavatus]. 19725044881
granulomatous and mycotoxic syndromes in mice due to aspergillus clavatus desm. 19715135089
a new mycotoxin produced by aspergillus clavatus. 19715136476
studies on polyol function in aspergillus clavatus: a role for mannitol and ribitol. 19715146839
[characteristics of extracellular rna-depolymerase from aspergillus clavatus]. 19695374189
[experimental studies on aspergillus clavatus poisoning in cattle]. 19695396641
[toxicity of aspergillus clavatus of malt germs]. 19685692845
the mechanism of clavatol formation in aspergillus clavatus. 19665965130
effect of zytron and its degradation products on soil microorganisms.there was no adverse effect of zytron, o-2,4-dichlorophenyl o-methyl isopropyl phosphoramidothioate, a herbicide, upon molds, actinomycetes, and soil bacteria in field plots, or upon selected soil microorganisms in model systems. 2,4-dichlorophenol, a degradation product, was found to be toxic at levels above 10 ppm to molds, but levels this high were not found in soil from treated plots. aspergillus clavatus degraded both zytron and 2,4-dichlorophenol. sodium o-methyl isopropyl phosphoramidothi ...19665970460
nickel toxicity to fungi: influence of environmental factors.the toxicity of nickel (ni) to the mycelial growth rates of filamentous fungi was influenced by environmental abiotic factors. increasing the ph from acidic to alkaline levels completely eliminated the toxicity of ni to achyla sp. and saprolegnia sp. magnesium or zinc, but not potassium, sodium, calcium, or ferric, ions reduced the toxicity of ni to achyla sp. an antagonistic interaction between a combination of ni + pb was noted toward growth of achyla sp. and saprolegnia sp.; the interactions ...19826220888
[localization of secreted ribonuclease in the cell walls of aspergillus clavatus].the indirect technique of fluorescent antibodies was used to detect exocellular ribonuclease of aspergillus clavatus. the cell walls were shown to have regions responsible for the enzyme excretion.19846379387
a tremorgenic mycotoxicosis of cattle caused by maize sprouts infested with aspergillus clavatus.an outbreak of disease affecting a herd of 16 dairy cattle which were fed mouldy, sprouted maize is described. eight of the cattle were affected, 5 of which died. the clinical signs included muscular tremors, hypersensitivity, ataxia, anorexia and salivation. aspergillus clavatus was the only fungus isolated from the sprouts. clinical signs that were indistinguishable from those in the field outbreak were reproduced by dosing the mouldy maize sprouts to a steer and a sheep, and by dosing another ...19846533519
[localization of ribonucleases in the mycelium of the fungus aspergillus clavatus].the localization of ribonucleases in aspergillus clavatus mycelium was studied using differential centrifugation of mycelial homogenates, preparation of protoplasts, by cytochemical and immunochemical studies. the rnase activity was represented mainly by guanylic and nonspecific rnases and was not associated with the intracellular structures. the cytochemical and immunochemical observations revealed the presence of a nonspecific rnase activity in the periplasm, mitochondria, perinuclear space an ...19836645992
mutagenic and tumourigenic properties of the spores of aspergillus clavatus.spore walls of a sputum-derived isolate of aspergillus clavatus yielded mutagen(s) when their extracts were fractionally precipitated with ethanol following alkaline hydrolysis. after spores were given by nasal inoculation to 6-8-week-old cf-1 mice, light and electron microscopy of lung sections showed that they had been readily phagocytozed by the polymorphonuclear leucocytes and alveolar macrophages mobilized during early allergic alveolitis in immunized mice. the formation of phagosomes was f ...19827059453
[complex isolation of intra- and extracellular rnases from aspergillus clavatus].a scheme for isolating guanyl-specific and -nonspecific intracellular and extracellular rnases from the fungus aspergillus clavatus cultivated in a fermenter has been developed. the scheme involves chromatography on deae and cm-celluloses, qae sephadex a-50 gel filtration on sephadex g-75 and ultragel a-44, and crystallization. using the scheme, four electrophoretically homogeneous enzymes have been purified, two of them being crystalline guanyl-specific rnases and two nonspecific rnases.19807220511
spinal cord degeneration in adult dairy cows associated with the feeding of sorghum beer residues.a neurological syndrome in a herd of friesland cows (n = 100) on a diet including sorghum beer residues is described. over a period of 8 months, 76 cows developed weakness of the hindquarters, progressively worsening ataxia and, eventually, paralysis and permanent recumbency. the course of the disease varied from 2 to 8 weeks. the lesions were significant in the 2 cows necropsied and included extensive, bilaterally symmetrical dilation of myelin sheaths, axonal swelling and loss with wallerian d ...19947602575
[tremorogenic mycotoxicosis caused by the fungi aspergillus clavatus, clinical features, pathomorphology, and isolation of metabolites].tremorgenic mycotoxicosis of the fungus aspergillus clavatus growing on malt sprouts under natural and laboratory conditions has been studied. the clinical aspect and pathomorphology of the diseases were investigated and a pure culture a. clavatus was isolated. three schemes of cultivation of a. clavatus in laboratory conditions were tested to obtain tremorgens. the scheme of cultivation in thermostat at 37 degrees for 7 days and then at 30 degrees c for 10 days and at 22 degrees for 17 days aft ...19938475022
clavin, a type-1 ribosome-inactivating protein from aspergillus clavatus ifo 8605. cdna isolation, heterologous expression, biochemical and biological characterization of the recombinant protein.we describe the cloning and expression of a new cdna from the filamentous fungus aspergillus clavatus ifo 8605. this cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) that predicts a putative ribonuclease precursor with high similarity to the alpha-sarcin family of ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips). the cdna encoding the mature protein was expressed in escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein, a 17-kda polypeptide designated clavin was purified and characterized. clavin shows typical type-1 rip ...19968706730
characterization of a new ribotoxin gene (c-sar) from aspergillus clavatus.a new ribotoxin, c-sarcin, was isolated from a culture of aspergillus clavatus. a full-length genomic dna (c-sar) coding for c-sarcin was cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence showed a high homology to restrictocin and alpha-sarcin. the native toxin as well as the recombinant protein hydrolysed ribosomes and naked rna. the genomic structure of the c-sar gene had an intron located between the coding sequences for secretory signal peptide and the mature protein. the intron containe ...19979080594
production of patulin and cytochalasin e by aspergillus clavatus during malting of barley and wheat.production of patulin and cytochalasin e by four strains of aspergillus clavatus during small-scale laboratory malting of barley at 16 and 25 degrees c was investigated. fungal biomass, measured as ergosterol, appeared to be greater at 25 than at 16 degrees c, but marked differences were observed between the degree of colonization by the different strains. patulin was detected in extracts by hplc. net production was greater at 16 degrees c, but amounts were strain dependent. except for one strai ...19979105920
role of cross-linking agents in determining the biochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of mgr6-clavin immunotoxins.several immunotoxins (its) were synthesized by the attachment of clavin, a recombinant toxic protein derived from aspergillus clavatus, to the monoclonal antibody mgr6 that recognizes an epitope of the gp185(her-2) extracellular domain expressed on breast and ovarian carcinoma cells. conjugation and purification parameters were analyzed in an effort to optimize the antitumor activity and stability of the its in vivo. to modulate the in vitro and in vivo properties of the immunotoxins, different ...19989576812
double-stranded rna mycoviruses in species of aspergillus sections circumdati and fumigati.isolates (178) belonging to aspergillus sections fumigati, candidi, clavati, and circumdati were tested for the presence of double-stranded rna (dsrna) genomes. altogether, 5.6% of the aspergillus strains examined were infected with dsrnas. dsrna segments indicative of mycovirus infection were observed for the first time in neosartorya hiratsukae, neosartorya quadricincta, petromyces alliaceus, and aspergillus clavatus strains. correlation was not observed between ochratoxin production and dsrna ...19989734307
production and characterisation of a recombinant single-chain anti erbb2-clavin immunotoxin.we generated a recombinant immunotoxin, named scfv(mgr6)-cla, composed of the fv region of an anti erbb2 monoclonal antibody (mgr6) fused to clavin, a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) from aspergillus clavatus. erbb2 is a tyrosine kinase receptor which is overexpressed in most adenocarcinomas; clavin is a 17 kda ribonuclease which inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating ribosomes. a recombinant dna construct containing the cdna of the single chain fv fragment (scfv) of the mgr6 anti ...19989858910
single-step purification of immunotoxins containing a high ionic charge ribosome inactivating protein clavin by carboxymethyl high-performance membrane chromatography.high-performance membrane chromatography (hpmc) and hplc hydroxyapatite chromatography were compared for their efficiency in purifying immunotoxins (its) containing the ribosome-inactivating protein clavin, which is characterized by a high anionic charge and a low molecular mass. both methods efficiently removed unreacted clavin from the conjugate crude mixture, but only the cation-exchange hpmc allowed efficient single-step separation of the unreacted monoclonal antibody (mab) from its obtained ...199910048197
the 3d arrangement of the 23 s and 5 s rrna in the escherichia coli 50 s ribosomal subunit based on a cryo-electron microscopic reconstruction at 7.5 a resolution.the escherichia coli 23 s and 5 s rrna molecules have been fitted helix by helix to a cryo-electron microscopic (em) reconstruction of the 50 s ribosomal subunit, using an unfiltered version of the recently published 50 s reconstruction at 7.5 a resolution. at this resolution, the em density shows a well-defined network of fine structural elements, in which the major and minor grooves of the rrna helices can be discerned at many locations. the 3d folding of the rrna molecules within this em dens ...200010756104
occurrence of itraconazole-tolerant micromycetes in the soil and food products.unexpected pathogens from the environment represent considerable risk for humans with impaired health. we examined the occurrence of itraconazole tolerant micromycetes in soil and in maize products. five concentrations of itraconazole (2.5-12.5 micrograms/ml) selected according to known treatment schedules for human patients were incorporated into sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol and rose bengal and diluted samples were inoculated onto the agar surface. after 7-d growth at 22 degrees c coloni ...199911097027
crystal structures of restrictocin-inhibitor complexes with implications for rna recognition and base flipping.the cytotoxin sarcin disrupts elongation factor binding and protein synthesis by specifically cleaving one phosphodiester bond in ribosomes. to elucidate the molecular basis of toxin action, we determined three cocrystal structures of the sarcin homolog restrictocin bound to different analogs that mimic the target sarcin/ricin loop (srl) structure of the rat 28s rrna. in these structures, restrictocin contacts the bulged-g motif and an unfolded form of the tetraloop of the srl rna. in one struct ...200111685244
nonspecific deadenylation on sarcin/ricin domain rna catalyzed by gelonin under acidic conditions.gelonin is a single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein that can hydrolyze the glycosidic bond of a highly conserved adenosine residue in the sarcin/ricin domain (srd) of the largest rna in ribosome and thus irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis. recently, the specificity in substrate recognition was challenged by the fact that gelonin could remove adenines from some other oligoribonucleotide substrates. however, the site specificity of gelonin to deadenylate various substrates were unknown. he ...200211888204
brefeldin a, a cytotoxin produced by paecilomyces sp. and aspergillus clavatus isolated from taxus mairei and torreya grandis.paecilomyces sp. and aspergillus clavatus, which were isolated from taxus mairei and torreya grandis from southeast china, produced toxic metabolites when grown in liquid culture. nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, infrared spectrometry, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and x-ray analysis identified brefeldin a, a bioactive metabolite produced by a number of fungal species belonging to the genera alternaria, ascochyta, penicillium, curvularia, cercospora and phyllosticta. this is th ...200212208606
neurological disorder in dairy cattle associated with consumption of beer residues contaminated with aspergillus clavatus.a neurological syndrome in dairy cattle associated with consumption of moldy beer residues is described. the disease occurred on 1 farm in late june 2001, during winter. six heifers and 1 cow out of 45 cattle were affected during a 3-week period. the affected animals died spontaneously or were euthanized approximately 2-14 days after the onset of clinical signs. the clinical signs were characterized by flaccid paralysis and gait abnormalities. clinical signs were more pronounced after exercise a ...200312661722
mycotoxin production and evolutionary relationships among species of aspergillus section clavati.aspergillus clavatus is a commonly encountered fungus in the environment, producing a number of mycotoxins including patulin, kojic acid, cytochalasins and tremorgenic mycotoxins. a. clavatus belongs to aspergillus section clavati together with six other species, all of which possess clavate-shaped vesicles. patulin production was analysed by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, while a primer pair developed for the detection of an iso-epoxydon dehydrogenase gene ...200312785313
a toxic aspergillus clavatus isolated from feed pellets. 195413180498
[research on the sporulation of aspergillus clavatus desm]. 196013772478
[phytotoxic activity of chernozem saprophytic micromycetes: specificity, sorption and stability of phytotoxins in soil].micromycetes of the complex of typical chernozem saprotrophic fungi released phytotoxic metabolites into medium. the metabolites displayed their phytotoxic activities directly in soil. evaluation of the toxicities, range of biological effects activities, and stabilities of phytotoxins in soil and the rates of their biodegradation allowed the species that can serve as indicators of chernozem microbial toxicosis to be selected, namely, aspergillus clavatus, fusarium solani, talaromyces flavus, pen ...200314520964
patulin produced by an aspergillus clavatus isolated from feed containing malting residues associated with a lethal neurotoxicosis in cattle.a severe neurotoxicosis, comprising tremors, ataxia, paresis, recumbency and death, occurred simultaneously among several herds of beef cattle in the region of flanders (belgium). after a first multi-toxin screening of some suspected diet elements, verruculogen was detected in a sample of a common feed ingredient. however, when the first animal necropsies revealed serious nervous lesions, including neuronal degeneration of the central nervous system and axonal degeneration in the peripheral nerv ...200415702266
isolation, identification and antifungal susceptibility of lemon pathogenic and non pathogenic fungi.numerous species of filamentous fungi were isolated from lemon on different plantations in the province of tucuman, argentina. the techniques suggested by the subcommittee of antifungal susceptibility of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards, (usa) were adapted. the effect of three different concentrations of the fungicides imazalil, guazatine, sopp and thiabendazole on the fungi fusarium oxysporum, fusarium moniliforme, aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus clava ...200515813686
aspergillus clavatus tremorgenic neurotoxicosis in cattle fed sprouted grains.beef and dairy cattle from four different herds in southern and central queensland fed hydroponically-produced sprouted barley or wheat grain heavily infested with aspergillus clavatus developed posterior ataxia with knuckling of fetlocks, muscular tremors and recumbency, but maintained appetite. a few animals variously had reduced milk production, hyperaesthesia, drooling of saliva, hypermetria of hind limbs or muscle spasms. degeneration of large neurones was seen in the brain stem and spinal ...200415887390
mycotoxic nervous disease in cattle fed sprouted barley contaminated with aspergillus clavatus. 200415887391
the production of yeast-growth stimulants by the molds: i. aspergillus niger, trichoderma lignorum, and aspergillus clavatus. 193116559501
two antagonistic fungi, aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus clavatus, and their antibiotic substances. 194316560629
evidence for horizontal transfer of a secondary metabolite gene cluster between fungi.filamentous fungi synthesize many secondary metabolites and are rich in genes encoding proteins involved in their biosynthesis. genes from the same pathway are often clustered and co-expressed in particular conditions. such secondary metabolism gene clusters evolve rapidly through multiple rearrangements, duplications and losses. it has long been suspected that clusters can be transferred horizontally between species, but few concrete examples have been described so far.200818218086
genomic islands in the pathogenic filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus.we present the genome sequences of a new clinical isolate of the important human pathogen, aspergillus fumigatus, a1163, and two closely related but rarely pathogenic species, neosartorya fischeri nrrl181 and aspergillus clavatus nrrl1. comparative genomic analysis of a1163 with the recently sequenced a. fumigatus isolate af293 has identified core, variable and up to 2% unique genes in each genome. while the core genes are 99.8% identical at the nucleotide level, identity for variable genes can ...200818404212
optimization of alkaline protease production by aspergillus clavatus es1 in mirabilis jalapa tuber powder using statistical experimental design.medium composition and culture conditions for the bleaching stable alkaline protease production by aspergillus clavatus es1 were optimized. two statistical methods were used. plackett-burman design was applied to find the key ingredients and conditions for the best yield. response surface methodology (rsm) including full factorial design was used to determine the optimal concentrations and conditions. results indicated that mirabilis jalapa tubers powder (mjtp), culture temperature, and initial ...200818481054
first isolation of a novel thermostable antifungal peptide secreted by aspergillus clavatus.a novel antifungal peptide produced by an indigenous fungal strain (vr) of aspergillus clavatus was purified. the antifungal peptide was enriched in the supernatant after heat treatment at 70 degrees c. the thermostable character was exploited in the first purification step, as purified peptide was obtained after ultrafiltration and reverse phase-hplc on c18 column application. the purified peptide named "acafp" for a. clavatus antifungal peptide, has molecular mass of 5773da determined by maldi ...200818687373
annotation of stress-response proteins in the aspergilli.stress-response proteins of aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus clavatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus terreus and neosartorya fischeri (3908 in total) were annotated and grouped according to stress types (http://193.6.155.82/aspergillusstress/). all genomes harboured elements of the sska-hoga/saka stress signalling pathway. there are accumulating data pointing at the importance of sska-hoga/saka signalling in different types of stre ...200918703157
fungal volatilization of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic under laboratory conditions.production of volatile derivatives of arsenic was studied using pure cultures of different fungal strains under laboratory conditions. arsenic was used in its trivalent and pentavalent forms to evaluate the effect of arsenic valency on its biovolatilization. the average amount of volatilized arsenic for all fungal strains ranged from 0.026 mg to 0.257 mg and 0.024 mg to 0.191 mg of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic, respectively. these results show that approximately 23% of arsenic was volatiliz ...200918774290
a crystalline antibacterial substance from penicillium leucopus and four other strains of penicillia, and aspergillus clavatus, and its probable identity with patulin. 194818883295
[aspergillus spp. in risk areas of transplant patients in a university hospital].as a consequence of the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients, cases of aspergillosis, due to the opportunist character of this fungus, have increased considerably. aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus niger have been found in air and water samples of the majority of investigated hospitals. the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of aspergilli in transplant patients areas at the hospital universitario of bogotá, colombia. samples of air w ...200819071892
[compatibility between aspergillus clavatus (hyphomycetes) and neem oil (azadirachta indica) against the vector mosquito for filarial diseases culex quinquefasciatus (say, 1823) (diptera: culicidae)]. 200819241997
molecular cloning and functional characterization of two cyp619 cytochrome p450s involved in biosynthesis of patulin in aspergillus clavatus.patulin is an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species, especially aspergillus, penicillium and byssochlamys species. the health risks due to patulin consumption by humans have led many countries to regulate it in human food. previous studies have shown the involvement of cytochrome p450 monooxygenases in the hydroxylation of two precursors of patulin, m-cresol and m-hydroxybenzylalcohol. in the present study, two cytochrome p450 genes were identified in the genom ...200919383676
xylan decomposition by aspergillus clavatus endo-xylanase.agricultural and forest waste products are abundant and low-cost biomass sources useful in renewable fuel energy and feedstock preparation. hydrolysis of a major biomass component, hemicellulose, is accomplished by the action of endo-xylanases. reaction products vary in composition and degree of polymerization as a function of both feedstock and the enzyme activities utilized, ranging from monomeric sugars to complex branched polysaccharides. the study herein describes heterologous expression in ...200919560539
molecular cloning, structural analysis and modelling of the acafp antifungal peptide from aspergillus clavatus.an abundantly secreted thermostable peptide (designed acafp) with a molecular mass of 5777 da was isolated and purified in a previous work from a local strain of a. clavatus (vr1). based on the n-terminal amino acid (aa) sequence of the acafp peptide, an oligonucleotide probe was derived and allowed the amplification of the encoding cdna by rt-pcr. this cdna fragment encodes a pre-pro-protein of 94 aa which appears to be processed to a mature product of 51 aa cys-rich protein. the deduced aa seq ...200919591888
study of codon bias perspective of fungal xylanase gene by multivariate analysis.fungal xylanases has important applications in food, baking, pulp and paper industries in addition to various other industries. xylanases are produced extensively by both bacterial and fungal sources and has tremendous potential of being active at extremes of temperature and ph. in the present study an effort has been made to explore the codon bias perspective of this potential enzyme using bioinformatics tools. multivariate analysis has been used as a tool to study codon bias perspectives of xy ...200919759864
factors affecting production and stability of the acafp antifungal peptide secreted by aspergillus clavatus.we have previously reported the identification of a small, basic and cysteine-rich antifungal peptide (acafp) secreted by aspergillus clavatus and shown its ability to prevent growth of various human- and plant-pathogenic filamentous fungi. in this study, we sought to determine the physiological/microbiological requirements to enhance the acafp production and the conditions influencing its stability. the maximum of acafp production was obtained when a. clavatus was grown on 2% glycerol as sole c ...201019830417
biosynthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by the endophytic fungus aspergillus clavatus.to induce the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using aspergillus clavatus and evaluate their antimicrobial potential.201020025462
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