| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during cyclosporine therapy for ulcerative colitis. | | 1992 | 1625744 |
| macroepidemiology of the hivs-aids (haids) pandemic. insufficiently considered zoological and geopolitical aspects. | the human immunodeficiency viruses (hivs)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or haids pandemic originated from lentiviruses of nonhuman primates (thus qualifying as a zoonosis) that moved into humans in africa. the haids patients eventually die of opportunistic infections, all potentially zoonotic. the haids infection remained parochial, first endemically and then epidemically, until the african urbanization that occurred in each of the countries postindependence. the latter included wars ... | 1992 | 1626879 |
| atypical roentgenographic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) usually presents with bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, many other roentgenographic presentations occur in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. to clarify the determinants of atypical presentations of pcp, we evaluated 65 english-language reports that related the roentgenographic manifestations of consecutive cases of pcp. the incidence of pcp-associated upper lobe disease, cysts, and spontaneous pneumothoraxes was increased in ... | 1992 | 1627019 |
| effectiveness of low-dose cotrimoxazole prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after renal and/or pancreas transplantation. | we retrospectively examined the effectiveness of prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole in preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in recipients of kidney and combined kidney-pancreas transplants between 1985 and 1989. cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (480 mg daily or 300 mg/m2), when used, was started within 2 months after transplantation and usually continued until 6 months after surgery. eight (3.7%) of the 214 patients who were not given prophylaxis were infected with pneumocystis carinii, and there were ... | 1992 | 1627244 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: diagnostic yield of induced sputum and immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of induced sputum (is), assessing the reliability of indirect immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies (ifmoab) and methenamine silver (met-ag) and analysing factors likely to influence the sensitivity of these techniques. an analysis was prospectively carried out on is specimens collected from 61 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients during 69 episodes of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ultrasonic ... | 1992 | 1628723 |
| [pulmonary lesions of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--analysis of 24 japanese autopsy cases with aids]. | the pulmonary lesions were studied in 24 autopsy cases of japanese patients with aids. the major pathological findings were opportunistic infections, which were the major clinical symptoms in some patients. the pathogens identified were as follows; pneumocystis carinii (pc) in 10, cytomegalovirus (cmv) in 14, atypical mycobacterium in 5, cryptococcus in 2, candida in 2, and nocardia in 1. pc pneumonia was prominent in 8 cases and was the cause of death. in such patients, the lung were heavy and ... | 1992 | 1630037 |
| clinical manifestations, management and therapy of hiv infection in children. | perinatal infection accounts for the majority of cases of hiv infection in children both in developed and developing countries. transmission may occur in utero, intrapartum or postpartum as a result of breast-feeding. the actual risk of transmission through breast-feeding is unknown. the majority of infants reported to be infected through breast milk have been infected as a result of a recently acquired hiv infection in the mother. infants with hiv infection frequently present with clinical symp ... | 1992 | 1633655 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection. 1973. | | 1992 | 1635440 |
| treatment of aids-related bronchopleural fistula by pleurectomy. | spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) may require prolonged therapy for treatment of a persistent bronchopleural fistula, and treatment by standard methods often fails. this pilot study was done to test the effectiveness of aggressive surgical therapy for definitive treatment of persistent bronchopleural fistula in patients with aids. between march 1989 and september 1991, 44 patients with aids were treated for spontaneous pneumothorax with closed tu ... | 1992 | 1637207 |
| g-estimation of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the survival of aids patients. | aids clinical trial group randomized trial 002 compared the effect of high-dose with low-dose 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine (azt) on the survival of aids patients. embedded within the trial was an essentially uncontrolled observational study of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on survival. in this paper, we estimate the causal effect of prophylaxis therapy on survival by using the method of g-estimation to estimate the parameters of a structural nested failure time ... | 1992 | 1637895 |
| sequence and variability of the 5.8s and 26s rrna genes of pneumocystis carinii. | the sequence of the coding region of the rrna operon of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii has been completed, including the genes for 5.8s and 26s rrna. these genes show homology to the rrna genes of yeast, and an apparent group i self-splicing intron is present in the 26s rrna gene. like a similar intron in the 16s rrna gene, this intron is in a phylogenetically conserved region. variation in the 26s rrna sequence was noted between p. carinii organisms isolated from two different sources. | 1992 | 1641341 |
| crystal structure of a pentamidine-oligonucleotide complex: implications for dna-binding properties. | the crystal structure of the complex formed between the dodecanucleotide d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and the drug pentamidine, which is active against the pneumocystis carinii pathogen in aids patients, has been determined to a resolution of 2.1 a and an r-factor of 19.4%. analysis of the structure has shown the drug to be bound in the 5'-aatt minor groove region of the duplex, with the amidinium groups h-bonded to adenine n3 atoms in an interstrand manner. the drug molecule adopts an extended conformation ... | 1992 | 1643044 |
| tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. how often does it mimic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia? | adjunctive corticosteroid therapy is recommended for selected human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. because corticosteroids may exacerbate undiagnosed tuberculosis, we evaluated the frequency with which tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients mimics p carinii pneumonia. over a 12-month period, we identified 105 hiv-infected patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis and 84 patients with p carinii pneumonia who were sufficiently hypoxemic ... | 1992 | 1643927 |
| bilateral pneumothoraces hasten mortality in aids patients receiving secondary prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. association with a lower dco prior to receiving aerosolized pentamidine. | we have administered aerosolized pentamidine (ap) to 48 aids patients for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). pentamidine 60 mg was administered by ultrasonic nebulization (fisoneb) five times during the first two weeks and then every two weeks. the mean follow-up was 343 +/- 22 days. pcp recurred in ten patients, 297 +/- 33 days after starting ap therapy. all responded to anti-pneumocystis therapy but two patients died of unrelated reasons (20 percent mortality). five ... | 1992 | 1643939 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after 40 years. | forty years ago, pneumocystis carinii was identified by czech researchers j. vanĕk and o. jírovec as the causative agent of interstitial plasma cell pneumonia in infants. at present, it is the commonest pulmonary pathogen in aids patients. this review summarizes the experience and latest data on the etiopathogenesis, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy of p. carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1644483 |
| continuous positive airway pressure by face mask or mechanical ventilation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we reviewed the records of 44 patients with aids who had 45 episodes of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). while 9 patients required intubation and mechanical ventilation (mv) on admission, continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) by face mask was the initial measure in 36 episodes. there were 25 patients managed with cpap alone, 23 of whom survived. among the reasons for delayed intubation and mv (11 patients) was that treatment failure was strongly associated with non-survival, sin ... | 1992 | 1644963 |
| cytomegalovirus pneumonitis after cardiac transplantation. | to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonitis after cardiac transplantation, we identified 27 (16%) of 171 consecutive recipients in whom cmv pneumonitis was confirmed by strict diagnostic criteria. cytomegalovirus pneumonitis occurred in 6 (30%) of 20 patients treated with azathioprine and prednisone, and 8 (25%) of 32 patients treated with azathioprine, cyclosporine, and prednisone, but only 13 (11%) of 119 patients treated with cyclosporine and prednison ... | 1991 | 1645949 |
| morbidity and mortality of patients with aids and first-episode pneumocystis carinii pneumonia unaffected by concomitant pulmonary cytomegalovirus infection. | to determine the significance of cytomegalovirus (cmv) pulmonary coinfection with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids, we examined the association of long- and short-term survival and morbidity (as defined by length of hospital stay) with recovery of cmv from bronchoscopy specimens and an indirect measure of virus titer in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (the time to develop cmv cytopathology in culture) in 111 patients diagnosed with a first episode of p. carinii pneumonia. compared with 57 ind ... | 1991 | 1648316 |
| [detection of human cytomegalovirus dna by in situ hybridization]. | a biotin labelled human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna probe of ecori d fragment (17kb) from hcmv ad 169 strain was prepared. in situ hybridization of hcmv was performed in paraffin section of tissues collected from an autopsy case of congenital and combined immunodeficiency syndrome associated with systemic hcmv and pneumocystis carinii infections. the pathological lesions of hcmv infection showed three different patterns: 1, necrotic granuloma type, 2, diffuse type, and 3, scattered type. hcmv dna ... | 1991 | 1648456 |
| autopsy pathology and disease patterns in shiraz, iran, 1960-1974. | the impact of 4300 serial autopsies performed in shiraz, iran, on scientific and clinical medicine is discussed. these studies in geographic pathology led to the recognition of the importance in disease patterns of persistent, life-long changes in the human immune response brought about by serious perinatal infection and/or malnutrition. elucidation of the pathogenesis of primary upper small intestinal lymphoma serves as an example of the importance of the field of geographic pathology for the u ... | 1991 | 1649795 |
| infections following orthotopic liver transplantation. | the epidemiology of infections associated with orthotopic liver transplantation is summarized herein, and approaches to prophylaxis are outlined. infection is a major complication following orthotopic liver transplantation, and more than half of transplant recipients develop at least one infection. the risk of infection is highest in the first month after transplantation, and the most common pathogens are bacteria and cytomegalovirus (cmv). bacterial infections usually occur in the first month, ... | 1991 | 1650245 |
| surgical pathology of the liver in hiv infection. | in the 6-year period 1984-1989, 101 liver biopsies or 'needle necropsies' from human immunodeficiency virus positive patients were examined histologically. of these, only nine showed no abnormality whatsoever. the commonest histological findings were either fatty change or changes related to co-existent chronic viral hepatitis. granulomas were seen in 15 cases, four of which were positive for acid-fast bacilli. a range of organisms were recorded: cytomegalovirus (4); histoplasma capsulatum (1); ... | 1991 | 1653181 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in an aids patient treated with itraconazole. | a patient with aids presented with a fever, shortness of breath and a productive cough. a provisional diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was made; however, blood cultures and bone marrow examination revealed disseminated infection with histoplasmosis capsulatum. this was treated by itraconazole with initial success, but the patient relapsed while on maintenance therapy. | 1991 | 1655628 |
| the causes of death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a clinical and pathologic study with emphasis on the role of pulmonary diseases. | the clinical records and autopsy data of 75 patients dying with aids were reviewed to determine the frequency of individual diseases diagnosed premortem and postmortem, the significance of pulmonary processes found in the lungs at autopsy, and the clinical and pathologic causes of death. cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection was identified histologically either premortem or postmortem in 81% of patients. the lungs and adrenal glands were infected most commonly. only one-half of cmv infections were rec ... | 1991 | 1656164 |
| [progress and problems in hospital infections: exemplified by pneumonia]. | nosocomial pneumonias have various etiologies and their development depends mainly on the underlying condition of the patients. intubated patients are prone to development of bacterial pneumonia from the oropharyngeal or gastric flora. prevention relies on reducing exogenous as well as endogenous colonization of the bronchotracheal tree: avoidance of cross-contamination, maintenance of a physiological gastric ph and, possibly, selective digestive decontamination. neutropenic patients may develop ... | 1991 | 1656522 |
| clinical and serologic features of herpes simplex virus infection in patients with aids. | we studied the natural history of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection and its association with specific serum antibody in a sample of 68 hiv-infected patients with a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at san francisco general hospital in 1986. seroprevalence was 66 and 77% for hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibody, respectively, by immunoblot assay. twenty-seven patients had 45 hsv outbreaks diagnosed during 739 patient-months of follow-up. median frequency of recurrence resulting in a medical ... | 1991 | 1657040 |
| bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of opportunistic pulmonary infections. | to further improve the diagnostic value of bronchoscopy in the immunosuppressed population presenting with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, we prospectively investigated the utility of bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). we performed 62 bronchoscopies on 52 immunosuppressed patients. of the 52 patients, 33 had pulmonary infections. the yield for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on bilateral bal was 94 percent (31/33), compared to the 84 percent (51/61) previously obtained with unilateral bal in ... | 1991 | 1657538 |
| modulation of pneumocystis carinii adherence to cultured lung cells by a mannose-dependent mechanism. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic parasite that attaches to the alveolar epithelium during the initiation of pneumonia. it is unknown whether p. carinii recognizes specific receptors on the surface of lung cells. our study indicates that concanavalin a (con a), a lectin that recognizes mannose-containing glycoproteins, binds to p. carinii organisms in a saturable manner with a binding affinity of kd = 11 x 10(-6) mol/l and with 18.5 x 10(6) con a binding sites per p. carinii organism. con ... | 1991 | 1658169 |
| spectrum of activity of azithromycin. | in recent years, a number of newer macrolides have been developed. one such antibiotic is azithromycin, which has a 15-membered ring structure and is classed as an azalide. the limitations of erythromycin and the discovery of pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter, legionella and chlamydia species provide incentives to study the usefulness of newer antibiotics of this class. azithromycin has good activity against staphylococci, streptococci, moraxella catarrhalis and other rapidly growing pyo ... | 1991 | 1662624 |
| coexisting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus pneumonitis and salmonellosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. | infection with opportunistic organisms, either singly or in combination, is known to occur in immunocompromised patients. a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, and salmonellosis is reported. she responded to early treatment with intravenous trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (20 mg/kg). | 1991 | 1663329 |
| a comparison of several agents with two delivery systems for the prevention of airway narrowing induced by nebulised pentamidine isethionate. | bronchial narrowing is the major side effect of inhaled nebulised pentamidine isethionate, used for the prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. several agents and delivery systems were assessed for prophylaxis of bronchial narrowing in hiv-positive males receiving regular nebulised pentamidine isethionate. in a previous study we found the mean maximum fall in fev1 with nebulised pentamidine alone to be 21%. fev1 was measured before and after inhaling nebulised pentamidine, p ... | 1991 | 1663642 |
| mitochondrial gene sequences show fungal homology for pneumocystis carinii. | a 6.8 kilobase fragment of mitochondrial dna from pneumocystis carinii encodes for apocytochrome b, nadh dehydrogenase subunits 1, 2, 3, and 6, cytochrome oxidase subunit ii, and the small subunit of ribosomal rna. comparative sequence analysis with a series of organisms representative of the fungal and protozoan groups shows that p. carinii has, consistently, an average similarity of 60% with the fungi but only 20% with the protozoa. the data indicate homology with the fungi for this opportunis ... | 1991 | 1664905 |
| [a case of smoldering adult t-cell leukemia complicated by various pulmonary infections]. | a 46-year-old man was admitted to oita medical college hospital on october 16, 1987, because of cough and sputum. chest x-ray and chest ct films showed diffuse reticulonodular shadow. the specimens obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy revealed cysts of pneumocystis carinii. abnormal lymphocytes with lobulated nuclei were found 2-7% of peripheral leucocytes. the anti htlv-i antibody was positive. according to these data, we diagnosed the patient as smoldering adult t cell leukemia with pneumocy ... | 1991 | 1665167 |
| a survey of pneumocystis carinii infection in research mouse colonies in japan. | to determine the frequency of pneumocystis carinii infection in mouse colonies maintained for biomedical research in medical colleges or medical faculties in universities in japan, 409 nu/nu mice were sent to 43 animal facilities from a p. carinii-free colony. the animals were housed for 6 months in groups of 3 to 10 animals per room, and examined for the presence of parasites and infection. colonies in 10 (24.4%) of 41 facilities were positive for the infection. of 383 animals in 69 rooms, the ... | 1991 | 1666138 |
| the prognosis in hiv-infected patients with pneumonia. relation to microbiological diagnoses. | ninety consecutive first-time fiberoptic bronchoscopies (fb) were performed on hiv-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms and radiographic evidence of active pneumonitis. microbiological data were analysed for acute and long-term prognostic significance. 56/90 (63%) patients had one type of microbiological agent recovered from fb, 22/90 (24%) patients had more types recovered, and 12/90 (13%) patients had no types recovered. nine patients (10%) died during the acute episode of pneumonia. a pr ... | 1991 | 1666357 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | the paper reports on a theme of important pediatric interest, pneumonia with pneumocystis carinii (pc), a more widespread affection lately, due to the progress in pediatric reanimation, on the one hand (that allowed the survival for a long time of several biologically handicapped infants) and as a consequence of the more and more common use of immunosuppressing therapy, on the other hand (malignant diseases, transplant of organs, etc.); another important role in the increase of the pc pneumonia ... | 1991 | 1667601 |
| the impact of concomitant viral pathogens on the course of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a large retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the impact of culturing cytomegalovirus from the respiratory secretions of aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. pneumocystis carinii was found in 220 (67%) of 327 episodes and cytomegalovirus was found in 106 (48%) of the p. carinii-positive patients. cytomegalovirus-positive and -negative patients were similar at baseline and had a similar number of hospital days, but had a lower incidence of early deterioration in oxygenation, ... | 1991 | 1667929 |
| inhibition of topoisomerases from pneumocystis carinii by aromatic dicationic molecules. | pentamidine and related derivatives inhibit an atp-dependent topoisomerase activity from pneumocystis carinii extracts. since it would be extremely difficult to purify ample quantities of the organisms to allow characterization of the enzyme and carry out drug binding experiments, we have begun the cloning of the topoisomerase genes with a goal towards expression of each gene in a heterologous system. following construction of genomic libraries in the vectors lambda dash and lambda zap, oligonuc ... | 1991 | 1667935 |
| [diagnosis of pulmonary infections by specific etiologic agents in secondary immunocompromised patients]. | ten cases of pulmonary infections by the specific etiologic agents in immunocompromised patients secondary to diseases and/or drugs were reported. their infections included 5 tuberculosis, 4 pulmonary aspergillosis, 1 pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pneumonia. the early revelation of pulmonary abnormality, the sampling of non-contaminated diagnostic materials, the improvement of laboratory techniques, and a feasible scheme of clinical management for pulmonary infections in immunocomprom ... | 1991 | 1668066 |
| prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1991 | 1669802 |
| [respiratory complications in 44 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | observation was carried out of 44 patients affected with pulmonary pathology during the course of aids, each of whom presented a severe respiratory insufficiency, admitted to the clinic of infectious diseases between may 1987 and march 1989. in the patients suffering from their first respiratory infection, a lower mortality rate was observed (11/28, 39.2%) compared with the patients suffering from a second or successive infection (10/16, 62.5%). in sixteen cases, the etiological agent was pneumo ... | 1991 | 1670052 |
| cigarette smoking: a modifier of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection? | two hundred and two homosexual men enrolled in a prospective cohort study of aids risk were assessed for differences in the occurrence and progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection with respect to cigarette smoking. among subjects who were initially seronegative, smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to become hiv-1 seropositive (p = 0.03). after seroconversion, serum beta 2-microglobulin and cd4+ lymphocyte levels were elevated in cigarette smokers relative to nons ... | 1991 | 1670588 |
| pulmonary complications of combination therapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. | oral cyclophosphamide and prednisone are standard treatment for some neoplasms and necrotizing systemic vasculitis and are advocated with increasing frequency for idiopathic interstitial lung disease. during a 15-month period, we observed four cases of acute respiratory failure from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients treated with oral cyclophosphamide and prednisone. one patient each had polyarteritis nodosa, wegener's granulomatosis, bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumo ... | 1991 | 1670629 |
| low-dose co-trimoxazole for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus disease. | the efficacy and tolerability of low, intermittent doses of co-trimoxazole (160 mg trimethoprim and 800 mg sulfamethoxazole given monday, wednesday, friday) for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was assessed retrospectively in 116 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex at high risk of pcp. 92% were receiving concomitant zidovudine. 71 with previous episode(s) of pcp were followed a mean of 18.5 months (range 3-42). 45 without p ... | 1991 | 1671479 |
| [relationship between t-subsets and clinical aspects of hiv-associated diseases]. | hiv predominantly infects the cd4+ t cells, which during the progression of the disease are eliminated, causing an immune deficiency which renders the patients more susceptible to infections. to evaluate the relevance of the cd4+ t cell elimination and thus the clinical usefulness of cd4/cd8 subset determinations in hiv infected persons, we investigated whether analyses of 667 subset determinations of 365 patients correlated with clinical stages of hiv-infection (cdc classification). progress of ... | 1991 | 1671535 |
| ditiocarb sodium (diethyldithiocarbamate) therapy in patients with symptomatic hiv infection and aids. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. | we randomized 389 symptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection to ditiocarb sodium (400 mg/m2 orally for 24 weeks) or a placebo. patients were well balanced according to centers for disease control (cdc) group, cd4+ cell number, and duration of disease prior to entry. ten new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining opportunistic infections occurred in the treated patients and 21 in the controls. reduction of new opportunistic infections in the ditiocarb group ... | 1991 | 1671884 |
| guidelines for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | although guidelines have been established for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) for adults with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, they have not been available for children (1). experts in pediatric hiv infection (convened by the pediatric hiv resource center) independently reviewed recent data and provided recommendations to the u.s. public health service for pcp prophylaxis for hiv-infected or -exposed children. this report summarizes these deliberations and d ... | 1991 | 1672036 |
| from the centers for disease control. guidelines for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1991 | 1672167 |
| clinical and laboratory correlates of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children infected with hiv. | the case histories of 27 children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who were followed up in the aids program at the children's hospital of new jersey, newark, are reviewed. the mean and median age at pcp diagnosis were 10.8 and 7.7 months, respectively. all of the children had other clinical evidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus that was documented prior to the diagnosis of pcp or found at the time of pcp diagnosis. most patients who presented to the hospital were a ... | 1991 | 1672168 |
| cd4 t-lymphocyte counts and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pediatric hiv infection. | the relationship between cd4 t-lymphocyte counts and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is retrospectively investigated for 266 hiv-infected and uninfected children who were born to infected women, including 39 with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), in a population-based surveillance study. of 21 perinatally hiv-infected children with pcp only 10 (48%) had cd4 t-lymphocyte counts that were less than 500 x 10(6) cells/l (500 cells/mm3), compared with all 18 who were infecte ... | 1991 | 1672169 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infection. diagnosis, prognostic factors and curative treatment]. | the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) rests on the isolation of this micro-organism in patients whose latest blood count, less than 2 months old, shows less than 250 cd4 lymphocytes per cubic mm and who present with signs of impaired lung function. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) is the reference diagnostic method, but induced expectoration may be the initial examination, in which case bal is performed only when the latter fails or gives negative results. prognostic factors are thos ... | 1991 | 1672560 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating somatostatin therapy of cushing's syndrome in a patient with metastatic pancreatic islet cell carcinoma and zollinger-ellison syndrome. | described is the case of a 73-yr-old woman with metastatic pancreatic islet carcinoma that manifested initially as zollinger-ellison syndrome followed by onset of endogenous cushing's syndrome, who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while on therapy with a long-acting somatostatin analog. although p. carinii pneumonia has been observed in patients with cushing's syndrome associated with other conditions, this is the first reported case in a patient with zollinger-ellison syndrome. heighten ... | 1991 | 1672788 |
| primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected people with cd4 counts below 200/mm3: a cost-effectiveness analysis. | we developed a decision-analytic model to assess the effectiveness and costs of dapsone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or aerosolized pentamidine as initial prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected people without prior symptoms aids and with cd4 counts less than 200/mm3. each strategy increased life expectancy by about 18% compared with no prophylaxis; annual per-person costs were $440, $700, and $1,680 for dapsone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a ... | 1991 | 1673157 |
| unexplained cd4-positive t-cell deficiency in non-hiv patients presenting as a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | three cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurring in adults with unexplained t-cell defects are reported. no hiv markers were found during the follow up, and neither was any immunosuppressive disease. the authors emphasize the possibility that pneumocystis pneumonia may occur and may be treated successfully in previously healthy subjects. | 1991 | 1673634 |
| effect of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii on toxoplasma encephalitis. | | 1991 | 1673776 |
| low-dose co-trimoxazole, aerosolised pentamidine, or dapsone plus pyrimethamine for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1991 | 1674036 |
| prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children infected with hiv. | | 1991 | 1674037 |
| dna amplification on induced sputum samples for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | dna amplification and silver staining were used to identify pneumocystis carinii in bronchoscopic lavage and induced sputum samples during 51 episodes of respiratory illness in 47 subjects with hiv infection. in 20 episodes, in which the clinical diagnosis was pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp), silver stain was positive in 14 lavage samples (70%) and 7 sputum samples (35%), whereas dna amplification was positive in 19 lavage samples (95%) and 18 sputum samples (90%). dna amplification was positive in ... | 1991 | 1674765 |
| prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) can occur in any patient with severe impairment of immunity, there has been a sharp rise in incidence with the spread of human immunodeficiency virus through the usa and western europe, where nearly 80% of patients with hiv infection have at least one episode of pcp during their lifetime (murray et al, 1984). | 1991 | 1676607 |
| effect of zidovudine and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on progression of hiv-1 infection to aids. the multicenter aids cohort study. | although used widely, the effectiveness of zidovudine therapy and primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-1-infected individuals, has not been assessed in a large cohort. we have done an observational study between october, 1986, and october, 1990, of a cohort of 2145 hiv-1-seropositive men and 371 who seroconverted during the study. a markov chain transitional analysis was used to examine the effect of zidovudine and pcp prophylaxis on the probability of progression ... | 1991 | 1677108 |
| predictive value of cd4 lymphocyte numbers for the development of opportunistic infections and malignancies in hiv-infected persons. | infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) results in progressive depletion of the cd4 subset t-lymphocytes and the development of opportunistic infections and certain malignancies. charts were reviewed for 185 hiv-infected individuals with 265 aids-defining illnesses (adis) who had t-lymphocyte subset analyses performed within 2 months prior to or 1 month following the diagnosis. also included were 22 hiv-infected patients with oral candidiasis and 20 with asymptomatic infection. sig ... | 1991 | 1677419 |
| predicting risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | effective prophylaxis exists against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a major cause of illness and death among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and adults. while adults with cd4 counts less than 0.2 x 10(9)/l are at highest risk for pneumocystis carinii, clinical or laboratory markers of high risk in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus have not yet been established. a chart review of 13 infants with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection and ... | 1991 | 1677526 |
| primary care intervention and management for adults with early hiv infection. | recent clinical drug trials have demonstrated that early intervention with zidovudine will delay disease progression in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic hiv-infected individuals. these trials will encourage larger numbers of seropositive persons to seek access to primary care, overloading specialized clinics for aids and hiv care. the care of early hiv-infected individuals will need to be delivered by mainstream primary care providers. this article discusses the initiation and management of ... | 1991 | 1677748 |
| repeated dna in pneumocystis carinii. | a 16-kb dna fragment designated rp3-1 and cloned from the genome of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii was found to contain sequences that were repeated approximately 70 times per genome. the repeated sequences in rp3-1 spanned at least 10.4 kb. sequences in rp3-1 were present on each of the 16 p. carinii chromosomes resolved by field inversion gel electrophoresis. most of the p. carinii genomic sequences homologous to those in the rp3-1 clone appeared to be as long as those in the rp3-1 clone but ... | 1991 | 1677941 |
| inflammatory responses to pneumocystis carinii in mice selectively depleted of helper t lymphocytes. | pneumocystis carinii is the most important pulmonary pathogen in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but host defenses against p. carinii are not well characterized. we recently reported an experimental model of p. carinii infection, in which mice selectively depleted of cd4+ lymphocytes develop pulmonary infection after inoculation with p. carinii. in the current study, we compared lung inflammatory responses to p. carinii inoculation in cd4-depleted mice and in normal mice in ... | 1991 | 1679991 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and high-dose dexamethasone to prevent emesis of chemotherapy. | | 1991 | 1681289 |
| [purpura fulminans and c7 deficiency complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a case of meningococcal purpura fulminans is reported in a 22-year-old woman who also suffered from a congenital deficiency in the seventh component of the complement system. this was her third episode of recurrent meningitis. in the course of her treatment in intensive care, the septic shock was cured, but she developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. histological investigations revealed abnormalities in her t-cell population, with a very low t-helper (cd4) to t-suppressor (cd8) ratio. laborato ... | 1991 | 1681768 |
| the selective toxicity of medications used in the treatment of aids on the cem human leukemic cd4+ t-cell line. | eleven medications used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus or subsequent opportunistic infections were tested to determine their toxicity to the growth of the cem line of transformed cd4+ t-cells. a selectivity ratio (ic50/ec50) for each agent against its target pathogen was calculated as an in vitro indication of the therapeutic value of that agent. among the anti-hiv agents tested in this study, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddi) had the highest in vitro selectivity ratio, 2.5 times ... | 1991 | 1682133 |
| reduction in intensity of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice by aerosol administration of gamma interferon. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids may result from impaired local release of gamma interferon from lung lymphocytes and subsequent failure of macrophage activation. we tested this hypothesis with mice rendered immunodeficient by selective depletion of cd4+ lymphocytes and inoculated intratracheally with p. carinii. after aerosol administration of recombinant murine gamma interferon, the intensity of p. carinii infection in these mice was reduced in comparison with that in mice ... | 1991 | 1682252 |
| natural history of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids. | this study sought to better characterize the natural history of aids-associated disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. towards that end two retrospective studies were done: a case-control survival study and a mac respiratory colonization study. among 137 consecutive patients who had a sterile body site cultured for mycobacteria within 3 months of their first aids-defining episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, median survival was significantly shorter in those with dissemi ... | 1991 | 1682396 |
| application of atp measurement to evaluation of the growth of parasitic protozoa in vitro with a special reference to pneumocystis carinii. | 1. there was a significant correlation between the increase in the number of entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis, giardia lamblia and leishmania donovani in culture, and their atp contents determined by luciferase reaction. 2. the similar correlation was also demonstrated between the decreased number of e. histolytica in the presence of an anti-amebic quassinoid and the nucleotide content in vitro. 3. in the case of pneumocystis carinii, the numbers of the organism remained relatively c ... | 1991 | 1685366 |
| t cells are not sufficient for resistance to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice given spleen cells from immunocompetent donors resolve their pre-existing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). however, scid mice given infusions of thymus cells or spleen cells depleted of cells positive for either immunoglobulin or immune response-associated antigen did not resolve their pcp. immunofluorescence staining and mitogen responses of spleen cells from the recipient scid mice confirmed that all groups of mice contained functional t cells b ... | 1991 | 1687826 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole oral desensitization in hemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus with a history of hypersensitivity reactions. | hemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus with a history of hypersensitivity reaction to a combination product of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were desensitized orally. six of the seven patients included in the study successfully completed the desensitization protocol and received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 5 to 7 months after desensitization (mean length of treatment, 5.7 months) for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the small number of patients and the sh ... | 1991 | 1688295 |
| rapid detection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage samples by using cellufluor staining. | cellufluor (calcofluor white) has been found to be a useful, rapid chemofluorescent stain for detection of pneumocystis carinii cysts in bronchoalveolar lavage samples. when compared with toluidine blue o and giemsa stains on 45 specimens (22 positive and 23 negative), the sensitivity and specificity of the cellufluor stain were 95 and 100%, respectively. | 1990 | 1690218 |
| evaluation of an indirect fluorescent-antibody stain for detection of pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens. | two prospective studies were undertaken to evaluate a commercial indirect fluorescent-antibody (ifa) stain for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens from individuals at risk for or with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the first study compared ifa with diff-quik (dq; a rapid giemsa-like stain) for detecting p. carinii in 95 induced sputa obtained from 77 asymptomatic patients who had survived one previous episode of p. carinii pneumonia and who were being treated ... | 1990 | 1693631 |
| low-dose multidrug chemotherapy plus pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis for hiv-related kaposi's sarcoma. | treatment of advanced hiv-related kaposi's sarcoma (ks) with combination chemotherapy yields a high tumor regression rate but also a high incidence of opportunistic infections (ois), most notably pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). we attempted to maintain a high response rate and minimize the likelihood for developing pcp by designing a flexible low-dose weekly multidrug chemotherapy regimen that alternates two myelotoxic with one to two nonmyelotoxic drugs, concurrently with prophylactic aer ... | 1990 | 1693677 |
| a comparison of modified methenamine silver and toluidine blue stains for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from immunosuppressed patients. | pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii is an increasingly frequent occurrence; a prompt, accurate diagnosis is important to successfully manage this infection. methenamine silver and toluidine blue stainings of material recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) have been the most widely employed techniques for detecting pneumocystis organisms. the value of these two staining techniques for the detection of pneumocystis organisms was prospectively compared in 220 bal specimens obtained from 186 im ... | 1990 | 1695802 |
| papanicolaou stain properties that allow pneumocystis carinii to fluoresce. | | 1990 | 1695805 |
| rapid diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection in aids by cytocentrifugation and rapid hematoxylin-eosin staining. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the major pulmonary complication in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. while fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy (tbbx) is regarded as the procedure of choice to identify pcp, these techniques, particularly tbbx, pose potential risks to the already compromised patient. to reduce the duration of bronchoscopy and, hence, lessen the chance for complications, we describe a rapid technique to id ... | 1990 | 1696874 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids in central africa. | over a period of 11 months, 37 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) presenting with symptoms of bronchopulmonary disease were investigated. patients presented with cough, weight loss, fever and dyspnoea. investigations included fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy. in eight patients (22%) pneumocystis carinii was found. pulmonary infiltrates were found on chest radiographs of six patients, while in the remaining two patients chest ... | 1990 | 1699254 |
| [acute pneumocystosis during polychemotherapy following the macop-b protocol]. | four out of eleven patients--none of them hiv positive--who received treatment for non-hodgkin lymphoma by the macop-b protocol between june 1989 and february 1990 were taken ill during or shortly after the conclusion of the course with fulminant pneumonia necessitating artificial ventilation. in three cases pneumocystis carinii was identified as the pathogen, and in one patient the diagnosis of pneumocystosis seemed probable. the mean cumulative doses given before the outbreak of pneumonia were ... | 1990 | 1699717 |
| rapid detection of pneumocystis carinii using a direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody stain. | a collaborative study was undertaken at two institutions to assess the performance of a direct fluorescent-antibody stain for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens from patients with known or suspected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. a total of 163 specimens (125 induced sputa, 37 bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and 1 tracheal aspirate) from 124 patients were examined by using modified giemsa (diff-quik; baxter american scientific products, chicago, ill.) ... | 1990 | 1699968 |
| blinded comparison of a direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining method and a giemsa staining method for identification of pneumocystis carinii in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | a new direct immunofluorescence monoclonal antibody (dfa) method (genetic systems, inc., seattle, wash.) for identification of pneumocystis carinii in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens was compared in a blinded study with an established giemsa stain method. we evaluated 148 consecutive clinical specimens from 104 patients with the following results. for the 67 patients (64%) infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), 49 were initially negative by both the dfa and the ... | 1990 | 1699970 |
| comparison of four methods for rapid detection of pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens. | four stains for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens were compared for sensitivity, specificity, preparation time, and ease of interpretation. one hundred specimens were collected. of these, 50 were induced sputum specimens and 50 were bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. all specimens were stained with diff-quik (dq) (a modified giemsa stain), a quick silver stain, and direct and indirect immunofluorescence stains. a positive specimen was defined as any smear positive by two ... | 1990 | 1701444 |
| superiority of promace-cytabom over promace-mopp in the treatment of advanced diffuse aggressive lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial. | one hundred ninety-three patients with stage ii, iii, or iv follicular large-cell, diffuse large-cell, diffuse mixed, immunoblastic, or diffuse small noncleaved-cell (non-burkitt's) lymphoma were randomized to receive either cyclophosphamide 650 mg/m2 intravenously (iv), doxorubicin 25 mg/m2 iv, etoposide 120 mg/m2 iv on day 1, mechlorethamine 6 mg/m2 iv, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 (no cap at 2 mg total dose) iv on day 8, prednisone 60 mg/m2 orally daily days 1 through 14, procarbazine 100 mg/m2 oral ... | 1991 | 1702144 |
| zidovudine (azt) therapy in children with hiv infection: the australian experience. | fifteen children (11 males and four females), on oral zidovudine (azt) for symptomatic hiv infection were studied retrospectively. twelve acquired hiv via blood products, two from vertical transmission (maternal intravenous needle sharing) and one through breast feeding. their mean age at the start of therapy was 8.6 years (s.d. 4.4 years, range 1.8-15.3 years). the main indications for therapy were failure to thrive (ftt) in 10, recurrent respiratory tract infections (rrti) in eight, and develo ... | 1990 | 1702296 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids: evaluation of lavage and staining techniques in diagnosis. | the diagnostic yield of unilateral vs. bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was prospectively evaluated in 65 consecutive patients suspected of having pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) complicating acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). gram-weigert (gw), papanicolaou (pap), and gomori's methenamine silver (gms) stains were used for identification of p. carinii in all cases. forty-eight patients had pcp that was identified by gw staining of bal in 47/48 patients followed by pap/gms sta ... | 1991 | 1704061 |
| monoclonal immunofluorescence compared with silver stain for investigating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | two hundred and eighty two specimens from 220 patients positive for hiv with respiratory tract symptoms, or febrile illness, or both, were examined for the presence of pneumocystis carinii. specimens were either induced sputum samples or bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. to establish the optimal method for laboratory diagnosis a comparison was made of detection of the organism by use of monoclonal antibody and immunofluorescence with conventional silver staining methods. three commercially availabl ... | 1991 | 1705263 |
| amplification of mitochondrial ribosomal rna sequences from pneumocystis carinii dna of rat and human origin. | pneumocystis carinii specific dna sequences have been cloned from the experimental rat model. the sequence of the gene coding for the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal rna has been used to construct p. carinii specific oligonucleotide primers for the polymerase chain reaction. these oligonucleotides produced amplification of specific sequences from both p. carinii infected rat and human lung samplings, but none from a range of other organisms including potential pulmonary pathogens. compa ... | 1990 | 1705311 |
| evaluation of calcofluor white stain for detection of pneumocystis carinii. | a rapid calcofluor white (cfw) stain for detecting pneumocystis carinii was evaluated prospectively. eighty-nine bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens, 21 open-lung biopsy (olb) tissues, 2 induced sputums, 1 expectorated sputum, 2 tracheal secretions, and 1 bronchial secretion from 102 patients were examined for p. carinii cysts by both the cfw stain and a modified methenamine silver (ms) stain. twenty episodes of p. carinii pneumonia were detected: 19 of these episodes were detected by cfw sta ... | 1990 | 1706242 |
| advances in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | there has been a dramatic improvement in the ability to diagnose p. carinii pneumonia since the beginning of the aids epidemic. currently at the nih over 90% of patients with p. carinii pneumonia can be diagnosed within a few hours of presentation by examination of an induced sputum specimen. improved diagnosis has led to earlier initiation of therapy and an improvement in survival. however, as clinical management of aids patients improves, it is possible that there will be a change in the clini ... | 1990 | 1707294 |
| evolving concepts of infection by pneumocystis carinii. | | 1991 | 1707512 |
| comparison of papanicolaou's stain with the gomori methenamine silver (gms) stain for the cytodiagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid. | the cytodiagnosis of pneumocystis carinii (pc) in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids has traditionally required a special stain such as gomori's methenamine silver (gms) stain. recent reports indicate that identification of foamy alveolar casts (facs) with papanicolaou's (pap) stain may provide a sensitive and less complicated way of making the diagnosis. to confirm these observations, results on a series of 318 bals were reviewed. pc was identified on 65 (20%) specimens from 54 patients. pap s ... | 1991 | 1707590 |
| golgi complex and lysosomes in rabbit derived pneumocystis carinii. | the ultrastructural morphology of pneumocystis carinii obtained from nonimmunosuppressed rabbit is described in details. golgi complex and primary lysosomes of p carinii are described here for the first time. they are easily revealed by the zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide cytochemical reagent. thiamine pyrophosphatase and beta-glycerophosphatase activities are found in the parasite but cytidine 5' monophosphatase activity is not observed. a weak thiamine pyrophosphatase activity is detected in golg ... | 1990 | 1707700 |
| follow-up bronchoalveolar lavage in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. pneumocystis carinii burden predicts early relapse. | we performed an analysis of the value of repeat bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) at 21 days to identify patients at risk for early relapse with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. patients with p. carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were asked to participate in this study. all patients had p. carinii identified on methenamine silver stain of bal fluid. bal fluid was also stained with a modified wright-giemsa technique. the wright-giemsa stain was done to determine the cel ... | 1991 | 1708950 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii by cytologic examination of papanicolaou-stained sputum specimens. | | 1991 | 1709084 |
| cytology of treated and minimal pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and a pitfall of the grocott methenamine silver stain. | to clarify the role of foamy alveolar casts (facs) in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), we retrospectively reviewed papanicolaou (pap)- and grocott methenamine silver (gms)-stained slides from 205 bronchial specimens submitted for suspected opportunistic lung infection. facs containing sporozoites were seen in 86 cases, all with positive gms. facs were absent in 119 cases with negative gms. in patients previously treated for pcp, pap showed fac-like material which lacked spo ... | 1991 | 1709086 |
| assessing the adequacy of induced sputum for the evaluation for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1991 | 1709326 |
| comparison of monoclonal antibody and calcofluor white stains for the detection of pneumocystis carinii from respiratory specimens. | three monoclonal antibody staining kits, from genetic systems, disease detection international, and meridian diagnostics, were compared with calcofluor white for the direct detection of pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens. of the 150 specimens tested, 23 were found positive for p. carinii by any of the four stains; 13 were bronchoalveolar lavage, 7 were induced sputum and 3 were expectorated sputum specimens. all stains detected the positive bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, the geneti ... | 1991 | 1709951 |
| pneumocystis carinii organisms derived from rat and human hosts are genetically distinct. | | 1991 | 1711155 |