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tnt1, a mobile retroviral-like transposable element of tobacco isolated by plant cell genetics.transposable elements can be identified by their ability to induce mutant alleles at new loci. the retrotransposon family is thought to transpose through an rna intermediate and has many similarities to vertebrate proretroviruses. in plants, retrotransposons have been described in maize, arabidopsis and wheat, and non-viral retroposons in maize. most of these elements, however, have been found as non-mobile integrated units. here, we report the isolation of the first tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) ...19892536143
correspondence of minor subunits of plant mitochondrial f1atpase to f1f0atpase subunits of other organisms.in addition to two major alpha- and beta-subunits, the soluble oligomycin-insensitive f1atpase purified from sweet potato root mitochondria contains four different minor subunits of gamma (mr = 35,500), delta (mr = 27,000), delta' (mr = 23,000), and epsilon (mr = 12,000) (iwasaki, y., and asashi, t. (1983) arch. biochem. biophys. 227, 164-173). among these minor subunits, the delta-subunit specifically cross-reacted with an antibody against the delta-subunit of maize mitochondrial f1 which conta ...19892536736
mobility of the maize suppressor-mutator element in transgenic tobacco cells.maize suppressor-mutator (spm) transposable elements have been introduced into tobacco cells and a visual assay for spm activity has been developed using a bacterial beta-glucuronidase gene. the spm element is mobile in tobacco and can trans-activate excision of a transposition-defective spm (dspm) element either from a different site on the same transforming ti plasmid or from a second plasmid. an spm element expressed from the stronger cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter trans-activates tran ...19892538837
dna methylation and the differential expression of c4 photosynthesis genes in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of greening maize leaves.the methylation of nuclear and chloroplast dnas has been examined in relation to the known differential expression of c4 photosynthesis genes in the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of etiolated, greening, and fully green maize leaves. we have focused our research on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase, and the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbup2case) which are coded by nuclear genes, and on the large subunit of rbup2case which ...19892542270
auxin-binding protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum of maize shoots: molecular cloning and complete primary structure.we previously purified an auxin-binding protein (abp) from the microsomal fraction of maize shoots (zea mays l. cv. golden cross bantam). in the present study cdna clones derived from mrnas encoding the abp were isolated and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence of the 822-base-pair cdna includes a 603-base-pair open reading frame. rna blot hybridization analysis indicated a single mrna species of approximately 1.0 kilobase. the predicted precursor of abp is composed of 201 amino acid residues and ...19892542939
the effect of thyroxine, 3, 5-dimethyl-3'isopropyl-l-thyronine and iodized oil on fetal brain development in the iodine-deficient sheep.studies have been carried out to investigate the role of maternal and fetal thyroid function in the effects of iodine deficiency on fetal brain development in sheep. iodine deficiency was established with an especially prepared low-iodine diet of maize and pea pollard. the iodine-deficient sheep were mated and the end of the second trimester of pregnancy (100 days gestation) were divided into groups which received either a sc injection of t4 or 3,5-dimethyl-3-isopropyl-l-thyromine or an injectio ...19892545065
influence of fibre on metabolisable energy of diet and performance of growing pullets in the tropics.1. diets in which maize and palm kernel meals were major ingredients and whose metabolisable energy values were varied by the inclusion of graded amounts of maize cob (50 to 200 g/kg diet) were fed to growing pullets for 9 to 21 weeks of age. 2. apparent metabolisable energy decreased from 11.82 to 9.79 mj/kg diet as neutral detergent fibre increased from 182 to 330 g/kg. 3. metabolisable energy intake was significantly reduced when the maize cob content was above 100 g/kg diet. 4. protein intak ...19892545315
two genes encode the adenine nucleotide translocator of maize mitochondria. isolation, characterisation and expression of the structural genes.southern blot hybridisation of maize (zea mays) genomic dna with a specific cdna probe and sequence analysis of several cdnas have revealed that the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator (adp/atp carrier) is encoded by two genes, both of which are expressed in dark-grown coleoptile tissue. the structural genes (designated ant-g1 and ant-g2), encoding the two translocator polypeptides, have been isolated from a maize genomic library and characterised by dna sequence analysis, mung bean nu ...19892547608
technetium absorption and turnover in monogastric and polygastric animals.technetium (tc) released into the environment can reach animals in various chemical forms: as pertechnetate (tco-4) in drinking water or deposited on the surface of vegetables and forage plants, or as tc bioincorporated into plants and associated with various plant constituents. in addition to being influenced by chemical speciation in the diet, absorption, metabolism, and retention of tc in animals are modified by the treatment that the alimentary bolus undergoes during its passage through the ...19892547738
[studies on nitrogen metabolism in the large intestine of ruminants. 5. metabolism of intra-cecally infused 15n-urea without and with fermentable material in heifers].six heifers with a live weight of 215, 227 and 238 kg (experiment 1) and 220, 227 and 233 kg, resp. (experiment 2), were supplied with ileocaecal re-entrance cannulae, jugular venous catheters and bladder catheters. the ration consisted of 4 kg maize silage and 4 kg wheat straw pellets per animal per day. up to 3.5 kg of the straw pellets, consisting of 73% wheat straw, 10% barley, 12% molasses, npn salts and a mineral mixture, were consumed per animal per day. in a preliminary period 50% of the ...19892548452
essential large transcripts of the maize spm transposable element are generated by alternative splicing.we used in vitro mutagenesis and cdna cloning to identify new suppressor-mutator (spm) transposable element genes. frameshift mutations in the orfs of the tnpa gene's first intron markedly reduce spm activity in transgenic tobacco, indicating that intron sequences encode essential gene products. evidence is given that spm encodes large alternatively spliced transcripts, designated tnpb (4.9 kb), tnpc (5.7 kb), and tnpd (5.8 kb), comprising all of the tnpa exons, most of the tnpa intron 1 orf1 se ...19892548734
induced transposition of ds by a stable ac in crosses of transgenic tobacco plants.a two component maize transposon system comprising a stable but trans-active ac element and a cis responsive ds element has been established in transgenic tobacco. the development of this system is desirable for the realization of a gene tagging strategy employing these elements in heterologous plant species. transgenic tobacco with a single transposed ac element (ac-18) which has sustained a 4 bp terminal deletion has been identified. transposase activity of the stable ac-18 was demonstrated in ...19892549368
mutational analysis of the virion-sense genes of maize streak virus.insertion and deletion mutagenesis of the two virion-sense genes, v1 and v2, of maize streak virus (msv) prevents symptomatic infections following agrobacterium-mediated 'agroinoculation' of maize seedlings. these genes code for an mr 10900 protein and for coat protein, respectively. mutants containing insertions or deletions in the coat protein gene, v2, were able to replicate to low levels, producing dsdna although virion ssdna was not detected and symptoms were not observed. hence, unlike the ...19892550570
composite transposable elements in the xenopus laevis genome.members of two related families of transposable elements, tx1 and tx2, were isolated from the genome of xenopus laevis and characterized. in both families, two versions of the elements were found. the smaller version in each family (tx1d and tx2d) consisted largely of two types of 400-base-pair tandem internal repeats. these elements had discrete ends and short inverted terminal repeats characteristic of mobile dnas that are presumed to move via dna intermediates, e.g., drosophila p and maize ac ...19892550791
cdna clones of the auxin-binding protein from corn coleoptiles (zea mays l.): isolation and characterization by immunological methods.an auxin-binding protein (abp) cdna clone was selected from a lambda gt11 cdna library from corn coleoptiles with highly purified igganti abp. the sequence of 794 bp contains an open reading frame (orf) of 603 bp, coding for a 22 kd protein. there are indications of a signal peptide of 38 amino acids (von heijne, g. 1983, eur. j. biochem., 133, 17-21). a n-glycosylation site can be deduced and a c-terminal kdel amino acid sequence is detected. an ecori fragment containing the beginning portion o ...19892555180
sequences near the termini are required for transposition of the maize transposon ac in transgenic tobacco plants.deletion derivatives of the maize transposable element activator (ac) were constructed in vitro and inserted into a kanamycin resistance gene. these constructions were then introduced into tobacco protoplasts derived from plants previously transformed with ac. the ability of each deletion derivative to excise was measured by whether or not kanamycin-resistant tobacco calli were recovered. this allowed us to determine the length of dna present at each terminus that is required to respond to the p ...19892556710
developmental and genetic aspects of mutator excision in maize.the regulation of excision of mu elements of the mutator transposable element family of maize is not well understood. we have used somatic instability of mu receptor elements from the bronze 1 and bronze 2 loci to monitor the frequency and the timing of excision of mu elements in several tissues. we show that spot size in the aleurone of a bz2::mu1 stock varies between one to approximately 256 cells. this indicates that excision events begin eight divisions prior to full aleurone differentiation ...19892557992
[acid- and neutro-detergent fiber and minor mineral contents in maize and its tortilla].the present study was carried out to complete available information on the nutrient contents of corn tortilla particularly mineral elements and acid and neutro-detergent fiber. results indicated that the tortilla weight should be considered in dietary surveys. protein and ash contents are slightly higher in tortillas than in maize, in the first case due to carbohydrate losses that occur during the process, and in the case of ash, due to the lime used during the cooking process. the process also ...19892562329
a comparative study of tam3 and ac transposition in transgenic tobacco and petunia plants.transposition of the anthirrinum majus tam3 element and the zea mays ac element has been monitored in petunia and tobacco plants. plant vectors were constructed with the transposable elements cloned into the leader sequence of a marker gene. agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated leaf disc transformation was used to introduce the transposable element constructs into plant cells. in transgenic plants, excision of the transposable element restores gene expression and results in a clearly distinguishab ...19892562396
transposable elements can be used to study cell lineages in transgenic plants.the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene has been used to develop a sensitive assay for the excision of transposable elements introduced into transgenic plants. the reporter gene, inactivated by the insertion of the maize transposable element activator (ac) into the 5'-untranslated leader, was introduced into the genome of tobacco by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. reactivation of the beta-glucuronidase gene was detected in transgenic plants using a fluorometric or histochemical assay. reacti ...19892562511
cell-autonomous behavior of the rolc gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes during leaf development: a visual assay for transposon excision in transgenic plants.we describe a genetic switch based on the ac transposable element of maize and the rolc gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes, a dominant gene, which has pleiotropic effects on plant growth and morphology. moreover, rolc gene expression under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter decreases chlorophyll content in transgenic tobacco plants. chlorophyll is a visible cell-autonomous marker, and it is shown here that the reduction in chlorophyll content caused by the rolc gene product a ...19892562512
transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat.methods have been developed for the isolation of aleurone protoplasts from developing caryopses of hordeum vulgare and triticum aestivum in order to study transient expression of introduced genes. chimaeric gene constructs were introduced into aleurone protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (peg). transient expression directed by the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) was detected in aleurone protoplasts from devel ...19892562757
cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding the cytosolic precursors of subunits gapa and gapb of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from pea and spinach.chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) is composed of two different subunits, gapa and gapb. cdna clones containing the entire coding sequences of the cytosolic precursors for gapa from pea and for gapb from pea and spinach have been identified, sequenced and the derived amino acid sequences have been compared to the corresponding sequences from tobacco, maize and mustard. these comparisons show that gapb differs from gapa in about 20% of its amino acid residues and by the ...19892562762
the maize transposable element ac excises in progeny of transformed tobacco.to assess the potential of the maize transposable element ac for gene tagging in heterologous plant species we monitored transcription, excision and transposition of the element in transgenic tobacco plants and their selfed progeny. ac excised in the majority of primary regenerants and continued to excise in the first-generation progeny plants. in one primary regenerant ac was transcribed but did not excise. fourteen of eighteen kanamycin-resistant progeny from this plant showed ac excision, sug ...19892562778
characterization of southern african isolates of maize streak virus: typing of three isolates by restriction mapping.the genomic replicative form dnas (rf-dna) of three maize streak virus isolates (msv-ct, msv-pe, and msv-sw) from widely separated locations in southern africa were characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping in order to assess the feasibility of using the technique to determine genetic variability between isolates. the viruses were transmitted to and propagated in laboratory-grown maize by the leafhopper vector cicadulina mbila (naudé). msv-pe produced more severe symptoms than msv-ct and ...19892566588
effects of dietary carbohydrate and phenotype on thyroid hormones and brown adipose tissue locularity in adult la/n-cp rats.1. groups of lean and corpulent la/n-cp rats were fed isoenergetic diets containing, 54% carbohydrate as maize starch (ms) or sucrose (su), 20% protein, 16% mixed fats, plus other essential nutrients and fiber from 1.5-9 months of age. final body weights of corpulent rats were 2-3 times those of their lean littermates, and were greater with su than ms diet in both phenotypes. 2. interscapular brown adipose tissue (ibat) mass was greater in corpulent than lean and was greater with su than ms diet ...19892573470
primary structure of the maize nadp-dependent malic enzyme.chloroplast-localized nadp-dependent malic enzyme (ec 1.1.1.40) (nadp-me) provides a key activity for the carbon 4 fixation pathway. in maize, nuclear encoded nadp-me is synthesized in the cytoplasm as a precursor with a transit peptide that is removed upon transport into the chloroplast stroma. we present here the complete nucleotide sequence for a 2184-base pair full-length maize nadp-me cdna. the predicted precursor protein is 636 amino acids long with a mr of 69,800. there is a strong codon ...19892584183
[respiratory symptoms and specific ige in workers on a maize farm].a questionnaire concerning respiratory symptoms was completed for 101 workers on a maize farm; 73 railway workers were used as a control group. symptoms suggestive of allergy were found in 90% of the farm workers compared with only 4% of the control group. however, total ige levels of the farm workers were not significantly raised and only 40% had positive radio-allergosorbent tests against specific allergens. smoking seemed neither to reduce nor enhance symptoms. fungal spores and bacteria in t ...19892588087
penicillinase-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses.a penicillinase (pnc)-based, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was standardized to detect maize mosaic virus (mmv) in sorghum leaf extracts, peanut mottle virus (pmv) in pea leaf extracts, and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in peanut leaf extracts. rabbit fc-specific antibodies were conjugated with pnc by a single step glutaraldehyde bridge. among several indicators tested, bromothymol blue (btb) was found suitable for measuring pnc activity under simulated conditions. two reagents, st ...19892592521
biotin studies in pigs. 1. biotin deficiency in the young pig.sixteen pigs were given a purified diet of maize flour and casein from 5 to 25 d of age with or without a biotin supplement (100 micrograms/kg). from 26 to 94 d of age, eight of the pigs were changed to a wheat and casein diet with or without the biotin supplement and eight continued on the maize flour and casein diet. the weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the pigs were not affected by the dietary biotin supplement or the carbohydrate source. the pigs given the unsupplemented maize flour ...19892605163
biotin studies in pigs. 2. the biotin requirement of the growing pig.twenty pigs weaned at 5 d were given pelleted diets based on maize flour and casein and supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 micrograms biotin/kg diet. the performance of the pigs was not influenced by the biotin content of the diets. typical biotin deficiency symptoms (foot lesions and skin pustules) were observed in pigs given the unsupplemented diet and the diet supplemented with 50 micrograms biotin/kg diet. tissue biotin concentration plateaued when 100 micrograms biotin/kg was added to ...19892605164
biotin studies in pigs. 3. biotin absorption and synthesis.eight pigs were given a semi-purified diet based on maize flour and casein containing 10 micrograms biotin/kg. the diet was given ad lib. with or without a supplement of 70 micrograms biotin/kg diet from 5 to 94 d of age. the flow of biotin in the stomach was similar to the biotin intake (13.5 and 112 micrograms/d) for the unsupplemented and biotin-supplemented pigs respectively. the flow of biotin through the small intestine decreased for the biotin-supplemented pigs from 39 micrograms/d in the ...19892605165
the effect of very low energy diets on the fatty acid composition of serum lipids.the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids, cholesteryl esters and triglycerides was measured in 11 obese individuals before and after 2 and 4 weeks treatment with a liquid diet providing about 600 kcal and 70 g protein per day. the patients received 20g of lipid, which was either maize oil and safflower oil (6 patients) or maize oil and evening primrose oil (5 patients). during treatment serum phospholipid linoleic acid (c18:2n-6) concentration remained constant, the dihomo-gamma-linolen ...19892613428
computer analysis between nucleotide and amino acid sequences of bean golden mosaic virus and those of maize streak, wheat dwarf, chloris striate mosaic, and beet curly top viruses.bean golden mosaic virus (bgmv) dna 1 and 2 have little sequence homology with maize streak virus (msv), wheat dwarf virus (wdv), and chloris striate mosaic virus (csmv) dnas. bgmv dna 1 and beet curly top virus (bctv) dna are closely related, whereas bgmv dna 2 and bctv dna are not related. direct amino acid homologies of predicted proteins between bgmv orfs and msv orfs, wdv orfs or csmv orfs were 40-50%. bgmv 1l1 and bctv l1, and bgmv il3 and bctv l4 were highly conserved. the sequence taatat ...19892615677
production of trichothecene and non-trichothecene mycotoxins by fusarium species isolated from maize in minnesota.eighty-two cultures of fusarium species isolated in 1986 from moldy maize in minnesota were each cultured on rice for 4 weeks and found to produce the following mycotoxins: f. graminearum isolates, deoxynivalenol (don, 4-225 micrograms/g), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-adon, 2-4 micrograms/g), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon, 1-35 micrograms/g) and zearalenone (zea, 5-4350 micrograms/g); f. moniliforme, fusarin c (detectable amounts to 1000 micrograms/g); f. moniliforme, f. oxysporum, f. proliferat ...19892615802
fungal flora of poultry feedstuff ingredients.one hundred and ten samples representing five types of poultry feed ingredients were mycologically examined. these samples included soybean meal, ground maize, cotton-seed cake, wheat bran and fish meal (22 samples each). among the 73 mesophilic fungal species, aspergillus flavus, a. niger and a. fumigatus were the most dominant. a. terreus, a. flavipes, mucor circinelloides, scopulariopsis brevicaulis, penicillium chrysogenum, fusarium moniliforme and rhizopus stolonifer were found to be common ...19892621568
quantitative determinations of chemical compounds with nutritional value from inca crops: chenopodium quinoa ('quinoa').quantitative determinations of total and soluble proteins, total and free sugars, starch, total lipids, tanins, ash (ca, na, k, fe, and p), and caloric value were carried out on quinoa flour. results show that the amount of soluble proteins was higher than the standard value for wheat and maize and was very close to that of barley's. the yield of free sugars like glucose (4.55%), fructose (2.41%) and sucrose (2.39%) were also of importance. iron and calcium levels were higher than the reported v ...19892631089
aflatoxin levels in foodstuffs in fiji and tonga islands.fungal growth is a major problem of food storage in humid environments, as occur in south pacific countries for parts of the year. major crops, including edible nuts, copra and root crops, are susceptible to aspergillus growth and therefore potential contamination with aflatoxin. liver cancer occurs in fiji and tonga, with the occurrence in fijians being significantly higher than in the indian population. thirty-three peanut samples from farmers were analysed for aflatoxin and 50% of the samples ...19892631094
the mucilage secreted by roots and its possible role in cell-cell recognition for the adhesion of fungal pathogens to root surfaces of zea mays l.the outer cells of the roots of plants secrete a mucilage which lubricates the root and keeps it moist. the mucilage is secreted from the golgi apparatus in vesicles which fuse at the plasma membrane. in maize roots a complex of at least three polysaccharides and glycoproteins are formed, some of which have a large proportion of fucose in their composition. the synthesis of these compounds can be readily monitored because fucose can be easily identified, and especially because exogenous fucose i ...19892641413
human dna polymerase alpha: predicted functional domains and relationships with viral dna polymerases.the primary sequence of human dna polymerase alpha deduced from the full-length cdna contains regions of striking similarity to sequences in replicative dna polymerases from escherichia coli phages prd1 and t4, bacillus phage phi 19, yeast dna polymerase i, yeast linear plasmid pgkl1, maize s1 mitochondrial dna, herpes family viruses, vaccinia virus, and adenovirus. the conservation of these homologous regions across this vast phylogenetic expanse indicates that these prokaryotic and eukaryotic ...19892642867
fusarium moniliforme sheld. a fungus producing a broad spectrum of bioactive metabolites.fusarium moniliforme sheldon (perfect stage gibberella fujikuroi (saw. wollenweber), an ubiquitous fungus belonging to the section liseola (booth), is one of the widespread, phytopathogenic fungi. this field fungus common on many crops, including rice, oats, wheat, maize, barley and soybeans was well known because of the ability to produce gibberellins in high quantities. today beside of the very important gibberellic acid (ga3) other gibberellins such as ga4 and ga7 are of significance for agri ...19892652945
in situ assessment of genotoxic hazards of environmental pollution.the potential impact of the environmental pollutants on human health can be evaluated by the laboratory analysis of the environmental samples or by the measurement of the biological effects on indigenous populations and/or specific test organisms placed in the environment to be monitored. a canary in a cage, used by 19th century miners as a biological indicator for rising levels of toxic gases, is a classical example of in situ hazard identification. the induced toxic effects are often the resul ...19892655178
structural elements regulating zein gene expression.zeins are a group of alcohol-soluble proteins that are synthesized in the endosperm of developing maize seeds. these proteins are encoded by a large number of genes located on several chromosomes; based upon the number of mutants that have been isolated, zein gene regulation is complex. comparisons of gene flanking regions reveal conserved sequences that may be important for their regulation. studies of transformed plant tissues support the assertion that cis-acting elements with the 5' flanking ...19892658986
mutations in the maize mitochondrial t-urf13 gene eliminate sensitivity to a fungal pathotoxin.urf13, the product of the mitochondrial t-urf13 gene, confers on texas cytoplasmic male-steril maize (zea mays l.) a unique susceptibility to a fungal pathogen (bipolaris maydis race t) and sensitivity to its pathotoxin. expression of urf13 in escherichia coli imparts pathotoxin sensitivity to the bacterium. we show by ion uptake studies in e. coli that a pathotoxin-urf13 interaction causes membrane permeability. similarly, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by membrane permeabilization probably a ...19892660137
total chemical synthesis and expression in escherichia coli of a maize glutathione-transferase (gst) gene.we have constructed a totally synthetic gene encoding a maize glutathione s-transferase (gst i). this gene, composed of 1320 nucleotides (nt) (660 bp), was assembled from only 16 synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (average length 83 nt), using an efficient one-step annealing/ligation protocol. sequencing was performed to verify the authenticity of the final assembled gene. significantly, not a single mutation was found in either of the two constructs sequenced, indicating a remarkably low mutation ...19892663648
psbg is not a photosystem two gene but may be an ndh gene.a gene of the chloroplast genome has been designated the psbg gene on the basis that in maize the gene product is a 24-kda polypeptide of photosystem two (ps2) (steinmetz, a. a., castroviejo, m., sayre, r. t., and bogorad, l. (1986) j. biol. chem. 261, 2485-2488). we have located and sequenced the equivalent gene in wheat (triticum aestivum) and have raised specific antibodies to the gene product following its expression in escherichia coli as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein. using these ant ...19892668282
mutagenicity of antiviral substances of nucleobase analogue type in salmonella typhimurium employing metabolic activation by mouse liver homogenate or cell-free plant extracts.five nucleobase analogues with antiviral properties were tested for their mutagenic activity in his mutant strains ta 1535, ta 1537, ta 1538, ta98, and ta 100 of s. typhimurium by means of preincubation tests with and without metabolic activation by cell free fractions from mouse liver (s-9) and maize seedlings (s-14). in one bacterial strain 6-azathymine increased the revertant counts in the absence of metabolic activation systems. in the presence of s-9 mix, the same substance became mutagenic ...19892672681
mutagenicity assay with salmonella typhimurium revealing biotransformation of antiphytoviral substances by cell-free plant extract.the mutagenic activity of four antiphytoviral substances was tested in reversion mutagenicity assays with a set of histidine auxotrophic strains of salmonella typhimurium by means of the preincubation method. a possible metabolic activation of the substances by cell free fractions from maize seedlings (s-14-fraction) and for comparison from mouse liver (s-9 mix) was examined. none of the guanidine, phenyl urea and thiadiazole compounds exerted mutagenic activity in the bacterial strains in exper ...19892672682
relationship between lipids and aflatoxin biosynthesis.this paper describes the key role of lipids on fungal growth and of lipoperoxidation on the output of aflatoxin biosynthesis both 'in vitro' and 'in vivo'. 'in vitro' bha, bht and cysteamine, depending their concentration, are capable of reducing or blocking aflatoxin output induced by lipoperoxides or halomethanes in cultures of aspergillus flavus or a. parasiticus without affecting fungal growth. 'in vivo' bha and bht significantly reduced aflatoxin production on wheat, maize and sunflower ino ...19892693964
the prevention and conquest of scurvy, beri-beri, and pellagra.i have described how many years of research were needed to overcome three nutritional diseases that occurred throughout the world. when human beings migrated from tropical and subtropical regions to the temperate zone, they lost their year-round supplies of vitamin c, and scurvy began to occur. the emergence of beri-beri had a mechanical basis; the introduction of milling, which prevented the rancidity of rice and wheat, also removed the essential vitamin b1. the circumstance leading to the thir ...19892696957
pretranslational control of the levels of glyoxysomal protein gene expression by the embryonic axis in maize.previous studies showed that the expression of catalase-2 (cat-2) and other glyoxysomal proteins is independently controlled in the scutella of intact maize seedlings. in this study, removal of the embryonic axis prior to seed imbibition dramatically decreased the amounts of all but two of the 19 immunologically detectable glyoxysomal proteins in the scutellum, including cat-2. the temporal expression profile of cat-2 was also altered. removal of the axis after seeds were fully imbibed (24 hr) h ...19892702785
expression of the cam-form of phospho(enol)pyruvate carboxylase and nucleotide sequence of a full length cdna from mesembryanthemum crystallinum.we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a full length cdna encoding the crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) isogene of phospho(enol)pyruvate carboxylase (pepcase). the cdna clone, 3348 bp in length, was obtained from mrna isolated from mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant) which had undergone salt stress and subsequent induction of cam. the long open reading frame encodes pepcase (ec 4.1.1.31) with a predicted molecular mass of 110533 daltons. the deduced amino acid sequ ...19892710107
the major low-molecular-weight heat shock protein in chloroplasts shows antigenic conservation among diverse higher plant species.several plant species are known to synthesize low-molecular-weight nucleus-encoded heat shock proteins (hsps) which localize to chloroplasts. dna sequence analysis of chloroplast hsp cdnas from pea (pisum sativum) and soybean (glycine max) has shown that the carboxyl-terminal halves of these proteins are homologous to low-molecular-weight hsps from a wide range of eucaryotes (e. vierling, r. t. nagao, a. e. derocher, and l. m. harris, embo j. 7:575-581, 1988). we used a pea cdna to construct fus ...19892710111
biotin bioavailability from protein supplements and cereal grains for growing broiler chickens.a 21d growth bioassay was conducted with broiler chicks to estimate the availability of biotin from canola meal (cm), cereal grains and cm-supplemented cereal diets. a standard biotin response curve was generated with biotin-supplemented diets, using growth rate (g/d) as the dependent variable (x) and biotin intake (micrograms/d) as the independent variable (y), as follows: y = 2.28x + 9.76, r = 0.946 (p less than 0.01). other groups of chicks were fed diets containing cm, soybean meal (sbm), ce ...19892722427
evolutionary relationship of three southern african maize streak virus isolates.the aligned restriction endonuclease maps of three sequenced maize streak virus isolates, three restriction-mapped southern african maize streak virus isolates, and two other sequenced geminiviruses were used as a means of calculating the sequence divergence between these viruses. the degree of divergence was used to construct a phylogenetic tree for the viruses; this tree agrees well with predictions from sequence comparisons, and so the method can be used to study the relationship of geminivir ...19892722470
the complete nucleotide sequence of the maize chlorotic mottle virus genome.the complete nucleotide sequence of the maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) genome has been determined to be 4437 nucleotides. the viral genome has four long open reading frames (orfs) which could encode polypeptides of 31.6, 50, 8.9 and 25.1 kd. if the termination codons, for the polypeptides encoded by the 50 and 8.9 kd orfs are suppressed, readthrough products of 111 and 32.7 kd result. the 31.6 and 50 kd orfs overlap for nearly the entire length of the 31.6 kd orf. striking amino acid homolo ...19892726455
saturation mutagenesis of the octopine synthase enhancer: correlation of mutant phenotypes with binding of a nuclear protein factor.a 16-base-pair palindrome from the agrobacterium tumefaciens octopine synthase gene functions as a constitutive enhancer in plant protoplasts. degenerate oligonucleotide mutagenesis provided single base substitutions at every position in the element and a number of multiple base substitutions. the effects of these changes were determined in transient expression assays with tobacco and maize protoplasts. the majority of single and double base changes had little effect on the activity of the octop ...19892726750
nutritional value of quality protein maize and food corn for starter and growth pigs.growth traits with starter and grower pigs and a digestion trial were conducted to compare the nutritional value of quality protein maize (qpm), food corn and conventional feed corn. the qpm, food and feed corn contained .45, .31 and .29% lysine, respectively. the growth trials evaluated a qpm-soybean meal diet formulated on a lysine basis (.96% in starter and .7% in grower diets) and four diets arranged in a 2 (food corn vs feed corn) x 2 (low vs high soybean meal) factorial. soybean meal was e ...19892737984
[primary structure of the 5.8s gene of rrna and internal transcribed spacers of rdna in diploid wheat triticum urartu thum. ex. gandil].nucleotide sequences of 5.8s rrna gene and rdna internal transcribed spacers its-1 and its-2 were determined in diploid wheat triticum urartu. it was shown that 5.8s rrna gene of this wheat species consists of 163 base pairs and gc-content is 59.5%. when comparing 5.8s rrna sequences in diploid wheat, rice and lupine and also 5.8s rrna in hexaploid wheat and horse beans a high evolutional conservatism of its structure was revealed. the size of its-1 and its-2 in tr. urartu is 219 and 225 base pa ...19892739648
recombinant anaerobic maize aldolase: overexpression, characterization, and metabolic implications.complementary dna sequence of anaerobically induced cytoplasmic maize aldolase was expressed under control of the tac promoter sequence in escherichia coli using the pkk223-3 plasmid as a vehicle. levels of recombinant protein expressed exceeded 20 mg of soluble aldolase per liter of culture. the purified recombinant enzyme displayed the expected molecular weight and tetrameric subunit assembly on the basis of mobilities on denaturing electrophoretic gels and gel filtration, respectively. sequen ...19892751305
ruminal degradability of crude protein from different treated soybean meals in lactating cows.ruminal crude protein (cp) degradability of four commercially available soybean meal (sbm) types--untoasted (u), toasted (t), heat-treated (h) and formaldehyde-treated (f)--was studied by the use of in sacco and in vivo techniques with lactating german friesian cows cannulated in the rumen, duodenum and ileum. in two in sacco experiments three cows were fed a diet based either on grass hay plus ear-maize silage or on barley whole plant silage. ruminal degradation rate of cp was estimated as perc ...19892751425
a nuclear casein type ii kinase from maize endosperm phosphorylating hmg proteins.a casein kinase of the type ii was isolated and enriched from nuclear lysates of maize endosperm tissue. the kinase activity requires 10 mm mg2+ for maximal activity, can utilize either atp or gtp as phosphate donors and is inhibited by polyamines, heparin and monovalent cations. a substrate specificity of the kinase activity towards specific nuclear proteins is indicated by its phosphorylation of high mobility group (hmg) proteins isolated from endosperm and its lack of accepting histones as pr ...19892751663
evolution of plant mitochondrial genomes via substoichiometric intermediates.comparison of the modern fertile maize mitochondrial genome (n) with an ancestral maize mitochondrial genome (ru) reveals a 12 kb duplication (containing the atpa gene) in the modern genome that is absent from the ancestor. cloning, mapping, and sequencing of the relevant portions of the ancestral genome shows that this duplication probably arose via a three-stage recombination process involving substoichiometric intermediates. comparison with analogous observations on yeast mitochondrial genome ...19892752423
effect of change of diet on the mineral composition of rumen fluid, on magnesium metabolism and on water balance in sheep.1. the effects of four diets on water intake, rumen fluid outflow-rate, rumen ph and mineral metabolism were studied in wether sheep. the diets were barley and hay, flaked maize and hay, dried grass and frozen grass. 2. experimental periods were of 12 d duration, and plasma magnesium concentrations were lower at the end of treatment periods when the grass diets were given and were significantly different (p less than 0.05) at 11.00 and 20.45 hours. also, the concentration was significantly lower ...19892758012
the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of red clover necrotic mosaic virus rna-1.the complete nucleotide sequence of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (rcnmv) rna-1 has been determined. rna-1 is 3889 nucleotides in length with a 5' terminal m7gpppa cap. the rna contains three large open reading frames (orfs): the 5' proximal orf, encoding a 27-kda polypeptide; the internal orf, coding for a 57-kda polypeptide; and the 3' terminal orf, encoding the 37-kda capsid protein. the sequence results confirm in vitro translation of 27-, 50-, and 37-kda products but do not account for t ...19892763465
[effect of a short-term diet based on precooked corn flour on the muricidal behavior of male sm wistar rats].the aim of this research is to observe if the lack of cerebral serotonin, obtained by a diet almost devoid of tryptophan (precooked yellow corn meal) is able to trigger the muricide behaviour in male rats naturally non-muricide. to determine the tryptophan content in the food used and in 4 types of selected maize flour (zea mays: indurata, indentata, opaque/2 and synt. marano), 3 different methods have been used (ion-exchange chromatography, spectrofluorometry, spectrophotometry). the muricide b ...19892765244
the linear mitochondrial plasmid pclk1 of the phytopathogenic fungus claviceps purpurea may code for a dna polymerase and an rna polymerase.plasmid pclk1, a linear mitochondrial plasmid of claviceps purpurea, was completely sequenced. the sequence contains two long open reading frames (orf1, 3291 bp; orf2, 2910 bp), and at least four smaller orfs. the potential polypeptide derived from orf1 shows homology to the family b type dna polymerases. the product of orf2 has significant homology to the mitochondrial rna polymerase of yeast and rna polymerases from bacteriophages. orf1 and orf2 show homology to urf3 and urf1 of the maize plas ...19892770691
dna transfer from agrobacterium to zea mays or brassica by agroinfection is dependent on bacterial virulence functions.dna transfer from agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium, to the non-host graminaceous monocotyle-donous plant zea mays, was analysed using the recently developed technique of agroinfection. agroinfection of z. mays with maize streak virus using strains of a. tumefaciens carrying mutations in the ptic58 virulence region showed an almost absolute dependence on the products of the bacterial virc genes. in contrast, agroinfection of the control host brassica rapa with cauliflower mosaic virus ...19892770696
protoporphyrinogen oxidase as a molecular target for diphenyl ether herbicides.diphenyl ether herbicides induce an accumulation of protoporphyrin ix in plant tissues. by analogy to human porphyria, the accumulation could be attributed to decreased (mg or fe)-chelatase or protoporphyrinogen oxidase activities. possible effects of acifluorfen-methyl on these enzymes were investigated in isolated corn (maize, zea mays) etioplasts, potato (solanum tuberosum) and mouse mitochondria, and yeast mitochondrial membranes. acifluorfen-methyl was strongly inhibitory to protoporphyrino ...19892775186
life forms protectable as subjects of u.s. patents -- microbes to animals (perhaps).scientists, businessmen, universities and industries with fundamental or peripheral interests in technology as applied to life processes will be keenly interested in recent u.s. patent office decisions. these decisions indicate that new higher life forms, animal or plant, are proper subjects of patents if they are not naturally occurring (and are not human in the case of animals). in contrast to plants and other organisms, genetically modified animals have had no mode of protection as intellectu ...19892775879
effect of amount and composition of feed given over three lactations on the performance of the dairy cow.eighty-nine autumn-calving first calf and adult friesian cows participated in an experiment on the effect of feeding over three lactations on milk production and live weight change. fixed daily allowances of digestible energy (de) formed two of the treatments (h, h; moderate, m). diets of similar composition were used for both treatments and rations were weighed daily for each cow. the cows within these treatments were re-randomized to h or m at second and again at third parturition on experimen ...19892778159
utilization of alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1) resistant maize and pea (pisum sativum) starch in the rat.1. the extent of utilization of alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1)-resistant retrograded starches in vivo was assessed in male wistar rats (about 100 g body-weight). all animals were given a fibre-free semi-synthetic basal diet (ss) containing sucrose as the only carbohydrate source, ad lib., for 13 d. on day 14, after an overnight fast, rats were allocated to one of five dietary treatments (n 30):1, fibre-free basal ss diet; 2-5, basal ss diet supplemented with 100 g sucrose, solka floc (cellulose), re ...19892784980
influence of peas (pisum sativum) as a dietary ingredient and flavomycin supplementation on the performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks.1. two experiments were carried out to study the effects of diets containing various concentrations of pea meal (pisum sativum l.), with or without flavomycin supplementation, on the performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks. 2. during the 7 to 28-d period, chicks fed on diets containing 300, 600 and 800 g pea meal/kg consumed more food and gained more weight than chicks receiving a maize-isolated soyabean protein control diet. the addition of flavomycin to the diets had similar ef ...19892787194
differential expression of the maize catalase genes during kernel development: the role of steady-state mrna levels.in maize three isozymic forms of catalase, cat-1, cat-2, and cat-3 are encoded by three distinct and unliked structural genes (cat1, cat2 and cat3). catalase activity profiles and zymogram analysis were used to examine the spatial and temporal expression of the three genes during kernel maturation. three developmental stages of catalase expression were observed in the growing kernel. during stage 1 (6-12 days after pollination), both cat1 and cat3 were expressed; during stage 2 (15-18 days after ...19892791351
structure and expression of a gene encoding heat-shock protein hsp70 from the oomycete fungus bremia lactucae.a gene encoding a protein homologous to a 70-kda heat-shock protein (hsp70) was isolated from bremia lactucae and its structure and pattern of expression were determined. this is the first report on the structure of a protein-coding gene from an oomycete fungus. the cloned gene is a member of a small multigene family. the level of hsp70 mrna in germlings increases from a low constitutive level in response to heat or cold treatment. a high level of the mrna is also detected in spores. the hsp70 g ...19892792764
identification of an mr 75000 component of the h+/d-glucose cotransporter from zea mays with monoclonal antibodies directed against the mammalian na+/d-glucose cotransporter.monoclonal antibodies which interact with the mammalian na+/d-glucose cotransporter and bind to mr 75,000 and mr 47,000 polypeptide components of this transporter have been described (koepsell, h., korn, k., raszeja-specht, a., bernotat-danielowski, s. and ollig, d. (1988) j. biol. chem., 263, 18419-18429). the interaction of these antibodies with plasma membranes from zea mays l. coleoptiles containing an h+/d-glucose cotransporter was studied. four monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted with mr 7 ...19892804100
structure, evolution and anaerobic regulation of a nuclear gene encoding cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from maize.a nuclear gene encoding cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from maize (subunit gapc1, gene gpc1) and 2.2 x 10(3) base-pairs of its 5' flanking region have been cloned and sequenced. the structure of the maize gpc1 gene (10 introns) is different from that of the maize gene encoding subunit gapa of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1 intron) and relatively similar to that of the chicken gene (11 introns). introns in the gpc1 gene show a positional polarity; the ...19892810356
transfer of cs-137 from grass and wilted grass silage to milk of dairy cows.deposition of radiocaesium from the chernobyl reactor accident on the netherlands made it possible to collect contaminated fresh grass and first cut wilted grass silage. these contaminated roughages were used in transfer experiments with lactating dairy cows to determine transfer coefficients and half-lives for cs-137 in milk. the experimental design was based on three consecutive periods: a preliminary period to determine the background concentration of the isotope in milk, a contamination peri ...19892814441
complementary dna cloning and hybridization analysis of maize stripe virus rnas.cloned cdnas were used to assess the relationships of the rnas isolated from maize stripe virus (mstv) virion-like nucleoproteins. northern blot hybridization analysis showed no detectable sequence homology between the five different sized rnas; however, cdnas which hybridized with a specific ssrna also hybridized with a specific dsrna. hybridization analysis of denatured mstv rnas using ssrna riboprobes of opposite polarities showed that for each of the five mstv rnas, opposite, complementary p ...19892815587
intestinal distribution and absorption of biotin in the chicken.the initial distribution and absorption of biotin in chickens was studied in vivo from either changes in the composition of intestinal contents or analysis of blood draining the gut. the progressive decline in biotin concentration and flow along the small intestine demonstrated absorption throughout this organ. quantitatively the duodenum was the most significant site of biotin absorption when crystalline biotin was included in the diet and when dietary ingredients contained highly available bio ...19892819022
isolation and characterization of a cdna clone for the cat2 gene in maize and its homology with other catalases.a 230-base-pair cdna representing the 3' end of the cat2 gene in maize was isolated and used to screen a lambda gt11 cdna library made from scutellar poly(a)+ rna. several clones were subcloned into a puc12 vector; one of the subclones, pcat2.1c, appears to represent a near-complete sequence of the cat2 coding region. immunological screening, hybridization-selection translation, and rna blot analysis confirmed that pcat2.1c was derived from the cat2 transcript. the dna sequence of pcat2.1c was d ...19872821546
nucleotide sequence, promoter analysis, and linkage mapping of the unusually organized operon encoding ribosomal proteins s7 and s12 in maize chloroplast.the nucleotide sequence of the operon encoding maize chloroplast ribosomal protein genes s7 and s12 and the promoter activity of a chimeric construct of the -10/-35 sequence of this operon (attached to a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene) have been determined. this operon occurs in the chloroplast genome divided in two parts: part a contains exon 1 of rps12 (encoding the n-terminal 38 amino acid residues), whereas part b has the following structure: promoter-rps12 (exon 2 + int ...19872822717
nucleotide sequence and linkage map position of the genes for ribosomal proteins l14 and s8 in the maize chloroplast genome.the nucleotide sequence of a 1287-base-pair segment of the maize (zea mays) chloroplast dna, encoding chloroplast ribosomal proteins l14, s8 and the c-terminal part of l16, has been determined using the dideoxy-chain-termination method. these data from a monocot plant are compared to the corresponding data from a dicot and a lower plant and from two bacteria. the deduced amino acid sequence of maize chloroplast l14 shows 80%, 81%, 51% and 52% and that of s8 shows 75%, 58%, 39% and 38% sequence i ...19882828044
introns increase gene expression in cultured maize cells.using electroporation-mediated gene transfer, the gene encoding the slow (s) migrating polypeptide of the maize (zea mays l.) alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (adh1) enzyme has been introduced stably and transiently into maize cells containing an endogenous fast (f) adh1 electromorph. in stable transformants an 11.5-kb fragment was sufficient to program normal s expression relative to the endogenous f allele. in transient assays, adh1-s gene constructs lacking the 9 adh1-s intervening sequences (introns) ...19872828168
infectivity and complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of a south african isolate of maize streak virus.the complete infectious genome of a south african isolate of the geminivirus maize streak (msv-s) has been cloned, characterized, and sequenced. using an a. tumefaciens ti plasmid delivery system, the cloned -2.7 kb single circular msv component was shown to be necessary and sufficient for infection of maize. based on sequence analysis of the infectious clone, msv-s is highly homologous to the previously characterized kenyan and nigerian isolates. while the genomic organization of msv-s has elem ...19882829117
nucleotide sequence and linkage map position of the secx gene in maize chloroplast and evidence that it encodes a protein belonging to the 50s ribosomal subunit.the nucleotide sequence of the segment of maize chloroplast dna lying between the map coordinate positions 32.59 and 32.98 kb and containing the secx gene has been determined. the derived amino acid sequence of maize chloroplast secx is 95%, 87% and 62% identical to the corresponding derived amino acid sequences from two plant chloroplasts and escherichia coli, respectively. it is also 70% identical to the experimentally determined amino acid sequence of a protein isolated from bacillus stearoth ...19872829909
characterization of inverted repeats from plasmid-like dnas and the maize mitochondrial genome.integrated inverted repeat (ir) sequences similar to those of the s plasmids have been isolated from the genomes of the normal and s type male-sterile cytoplasms of maize mitochondria. the nucleotide sequences of both the irs and their flanking regions have distinguished and characterized several different types of repeats. the repeats may be involved in the recombinational process that occurs continuously in the mitochondrial genome. one cloned fragment, derived from a fertile revertant and con ...19862832079
studies on the introduction and mobility of the maize activator element in arabidopsis thaliana and daucus carota.we have co-transformed carrot (daucus carota) and arabidopsis thaliana with an agrobacterium tumefaciens non-tumorigenic t-dna carrying the maize transposable element activator (ac) and an agrobacterium rhizogenes ri t-dna. we present evidence that the ac element transposes in transformed root or root-derived callus cultures of both species. we show that fertile plants can be regenerated from transformed, root-derived callus cultures of arabidopsis, demonstrating the utility of the ri plasmid fo ...19872832144
sequence of the phosphothreonyl regulatory site peptide from inactive maize leaf pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase.the regulatory site peptide sequence of phosphorylated inactive pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase from maize leaf tissue was determined by automated edman degradation analysis of 32p-labeled peptides purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. the overlapping phosphopeptides were products of a digestion of the [beta-32p]adp-inactivated dikinase with either trypsin or pronase e. the sequence is thr-glu-arg-gly-gly-met-thr(p)-ser-his-ala-ala-val-val-ala-arg. the phosphothreo ...19882834385
aggregation of lysine-containing zeins into protein bodies in xenopus oocytes.zeins, the storage proteins of maize, are totally lacking in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. lysine codons and lysine- and tryptophan-encoding oligonucleotides were introduced at several positions into a 19-kilodalton zein complementary dna by oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis. a 450-base pair open reading frame from a simian virus 40 (sv40) coat protein was also engineered into the zein coding region. messenger rnas for the modified zeins were synthesized in vitro with an sp ...19882834822
effect of dietary fibre and caecectomy on the excretion of endogenous amino acids from adult cockerels.1. eight diets based on maize starch and sucrose were prepared, containing ground maize husks or semi-purified wood cellulose, with 30, 60, 90 or 120 g fibre source/kg diet dry matter (dm). 2. the diets were precision-fed to 12 caecectomised and 12 intact adult male domestic fowls. the quantities of amino acids and faecal n excreted over the 48 h following each feeding were measured. 3. diet had no influence on the quantities of endogenous amino acids or endogenous faecal n excreted. 4. a propor ...19882842010
evidence for the incorporation of [32p]orthophosphate into leaf inositol phospholipids.leaf discs of brinjal, tomato, sugar cane and maize rapidly incorporated [32p]orthophosphate into total phospholipids. analyses of the labelled lipid extracts by thin-layer chromatography, autoradiography and comparison with inositol phospholipid standards demonstrated the labelling of phosphatidylinositol monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate in addition to other phospholipids. the presence of polyphosphoinositides was further confirmed by deacylation of phosphatidylinositol monop ...19882844274
activation of silent transposable elements.it is well known among maize geneticists that agents that cause chromosome breakage can activate quiescent transposable elements. however, other than temporarily relieving position effect, it is difficult to understand how these events can lead directly to activation. one possibility is that chromosome breakage can initiate a process in the cell resulting in a higher rate of spontaneous mutation. such a system could be analogous to the sos response of escherichia coli in which an error-prone rep ...19882845915
alcohol dehydrogenase gene from alcaligenes eutrophus: subcloning, heterologous expression in escherichia coli, sequencing, and location of tn5 insertions.the nucleotide sequence of the gene that encodes the fermentative, multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) in alcaligenes eutrophus, and of adjacent regions on a 1.8-kilobase-pair psti fragment was determined. from the deduced amino acid sequence, a molecular weight of 38,549 was calculated for the adh subunit. the amino acid sequence reveals homologies from 22.3 to 26.3% with zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases from eucaryotic organisms (schizosaccharomyces pombe, zea mays, mouse, horse ...19882846513
overproduction of the protein encoded by the maize transposable element ac in insect cells by a baculovirus vector.the polypeptide encoded in the activator (ac) element of zea mays l. has been expressed in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells using plasmids which carry the strong polyhedrin promoter of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). recombinant acnpvs with the ac-cdna integrated and under the control of the viral polyhedrin promoter have been isolated and their genomes have been partly characterized as to the location of the foreign dna insert. upon infection of s. f ...19882851092
cloning and characterization of the gene for a methanol-utilising alcohol dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus.the cloning and characterization of the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) gene (adh) from bacillus stearothermophilus strain dsm2334, an obligate aerobe, are described. the clone directed the synthesis of adh as judged on western blots, activity gels and tetrazolium plates. it specified an enzyme that oxidised methanol as well as ethanol. the enzyme was found to be encoded by a single gene in b. stearothermophilus which did not cross-hybridize to adh clones from escherichia coli, yeast or maize. the c ...19882851486
two new tools: multi-purpose cloning vectors that carry kanamycin or spectinomycin/streptomycin resistance markers.we have constructed two new multi-purpose cloning vectors, pjkkmf(-) and pjksp/smf(-), that carry resistance to kanamycin (km) and spectinomycin/streptomycin (sp/sm), respectively. these plasmids are based on pgem3zf(-) and therefore contain a puc-vector-derived multiple cloning site for 13 restriction sites flanked by t7 and sp6 rna polymerase promoters, the alpha-peptide coding region of beta-galactosidase for blue/white colony screening and the bacteriophage f1 origin of replication for produ ...19882851490
the mutation bronze-mutable 4 derivative 6856 in maize is caused by the insertion of a novel 6.7-kilobase pair transposon in the untranslated leader region of the bronze-1 gene.the ds-controlled allele, bz-m4 derivative 6856 [bz-m4 d6856], is reported to have an altered temporal- and tissue-specific pattern of gene expression. we have cloned this allele and have characterized it at the molecular level. the mutation was caused by the insertion of a complex transposon-like structure 36 base pairs downstream from the bz mrna cap site. the insert is 6.7-kbp long. ds elements, each approximately 2 kbp in length, are at both ends of the insert. the sequence between the ds el ...19882852139
[evaluation of the protein quality of silaged corn ear products with different crude fiber contents].the assessment of the protein quality of silaged maize ear products was carried out on the basis of crude protein and amino acid analyses and of n balance measurings with growing pigs including comparative studies with maize corns and cereals. the differences found in the amino acid concentrations between the individual maize ear products could be verified on the basis of the analysed values of husks, cobs and corns. there were no significant differences in the parameters of total protein utiliz ...19882852490
tnpa product encoded by the transposable element en-1 of zea mays is a dna binding protein.tnpa protein, the function encoded by the most abundant transcript of en-1 was expressed in escherichia coli. dna binding experiments with partially purified tnpa protein revealed that it binds to the subterminal repetitive region of en-1. tnpa protein recognizes a 12-bp-long sequence motif which is reiterated several times at the termini of en-1. binding is reduced if the cytosine residues of cg dinucleotides and cng trinucleotides within the motif are methylated. these data suggest a model in ...19882854053
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