| aerobic biodegradation of azo dye by bacillus cohnii mtcc 3616; an obligately alkaliphilic bacterium and toxicity evaluation of metabolites by different bioassay systems. | an obligate alkaliphilic bacterium bacillus cohnii mtcc 3616 aerobically decolorized a textile azo dye direct red-22 (5,000 mg l⁻¹) with 95 % efficiency at 37 °c and ph 9 in 4 h under static conditions. the decolorization of direct red-22 (dr-22) was possible through a broad ph (7-11), temperature (10-45 °c), salinity (1-7 %), and dye concentration (5-10 g l⁻¹) range. decolorization of dye was assessed by uv-vis spectrophotometer with reduction of peak intensity at 549 nm (λ(max)). biodegradatio ... | 2013 | 23070653 |
| use of complementary medicine amongst patients on antiretroviral drugs in an hiv treatment centre in lagos, nigeria. | traditional herbal remedies have been used to treat many ailments in nigeria but the safety of herbal remedies has been the major concerns to many people especially when the chemical constituents of the products are not known. this study is therefore designed to evaluate the prevalence of use of complementary drugs with antiretroviral (arv) therapy and possible treatment outcome of the concurrent utilization of these therapeutic agents. a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 354 hiv patients at ... | 2012 | 22873496 |
| biodepollution of wastewater containing phenolic compounds from leather industry by plant peroxidases. | this study deals with the use of peroxidases (poxs) from allium sativum, ipomoea batatas, raphanus sativus and sorghum bicolor to catalyze the degradation of free phenolic compounds as well as phenolic compounds contained in wastewater from leather industry. secretory plant poxs were able to catalyze the oxidation of gallic acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol and 1,4-tyrosol prepared in ethanol 2% (v:v). efficiency of peroxidase catalysis depends strongly on the chemical nature ... | 2011 | 20803235 |
| differential growth response of various crop species to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation. | to investigate the growth response of various crop species to mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were applied to glycine max, vigna angularis, senna tora, hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon. zea mays, sorghum bicolor, allium tuberosum, solanum melongena, and capsicum annuum. the biomass of the inoculated crops was measured every two weeks for the 12-week growth period. by measuring biomass, we calculated the mycorrhizal responsiveness of the nine crop species. among the nine cro ... | 2009 | 23983512 |
| biogas digestates affect crop p uptake and soil microbial community composition. | fermentation residues from biogas production are known as valuable organic fertilisers. this study deals with the effect of cattle slurry, co-digested cattle slurry, co-digested energy crops and mineral fertilisers on the activity and composition of soil microbiota. furthermore, the effect of solid-liquid separation as a common pre-treatment of digestate was tested. the fertilising effects were analysed in an 8-week pot experiment on loamy sand using two crops, amaranthus cruentus and sorghum bi ... | 2016 | 26410342 |
| patterns of light and nitrogen distribution in relation to whole canopy carbon gain in c3 and c4 mono- and dicotyledonous species. | an analytical model was used to describe the optimal nitrogen distribution. from this model, it was hypothesized that the non-uniformity of the nitrogen distribution increases with the canopy extinction rate for light and the total amount of free nitrogen in the canopy, and that it is independent of the slope of the relation between light saturated photosynthesis (pm) and leaf nitrogen content (nl). these hypotheses were tested experimentally for plants with inherently different architectures an ... | 1995 | 28306967 |
| single nucleotide polymorphism discovery via genotyping by sequencing to assess population genetic structure and recurrent polyploidization in andropogon gerardii. | autopolyploidy, genome duplication within a single lineage, can result in multiple cytotypes within a species. geographic distributions of cytotypes may reflect the evolutionary history of autopolyploid formation and subsequent population dynamics including stochastic (drift) and deterministic (differential selection among cytotypes) processes. here, we used a population genomic approach to investigate whether autopolyploidy occurred once or multiple times in andropogon gerardii, a widespread, n ... | 2016 | 27466055 |
| the use of stable carbon isotope analysis in rooting studies. | stable carbon isotope analysis was evaluated as a means of predicting the relative proportions of c3 and c4 root phytomass in species mixtures. the following mixtures of c3 and c4 species were used: 1) big bluestem (andropogon gerardii)/cheatgrass (bromus tectorum), 2) little bluestem (schizachyrium scoparium)/cheatgrass, and 3) sorghum (sorghum bicolor)/sunflower (helianthus annuus). there was a significant correlation (p<0.01) between % c4 phytomass and stable carbon isotope values for each of ... | 1985 | 28311309 |
| using genotyping by sequencing to map two novel anthracnose resistance loci in sorghum bicolor. | colletotrichum sublineola is an aggressive fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose in sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench]. the obvious symptoms of anthracnose are leaf blight and stem rot. sorghum, the fifth most widely grown cereal crop in the world, can be highly susceptible to the disease, most notably in hot and humid environments. in the southeastern united states the acreage of sorghum has been increasing steadily in recent years, spurred by growing interest in producing biofuels, bio-ba ... | 2016 | 27194807 |
| factors modulating the levels of the allelochemical sorgoleone in sorghum bicolor. | sorgoleone is the major component of the hydrophobic root exudate of sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench]. the presence of this allelochemical is intrinsically linked to root growth and the development of mature root hairs. however, factors modulating root formation and the biosynthesis of sorgoleone are not well known. sorgoleone production was independent of early stages of plant development. the optimum temperature for root growth and sorgoleone production was 30 degrees c. seedling developm ... | 2006 | 16402225 |
| complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera, and comparative analyses with other grass genomes. | | 2007 | 27520091 |
| analysis of subcellular localization of auxin carriers pin, aux/lax and pgp in sorghum bicolor. | auxin transport at least correlates to the three gene families: efflux carriers pin-formed (pin), p-glycoprotein (pgp), and influx carrier auxin resistant 1/like aux1(aux/lax) in arabidopsis thaliana. in monocotyledon sorghum bicolor, the biological function of these genes retains unclear. our previous study reported that the member analysis, organ-specific expression and expression profiles of the auxin transporter pin, pgp and aux/lax gene families in sorghum bicolor under iaa, brassinosteroid ... | 2011 | 22112459 |
| selection for higher gene copy number after different types of plant gene duplications. | the evolutionary origins of the multitude of duplicate genes in the plant genomes are still incompletely understood. to gain an appreciation of the potential selective forces acting on these duplicates, we phylogenetically inferred the set of metabolic gene families from 10 flowering plant (angiosperm) genomes. we then compared the metabolic fluxes for these families, predicted using the arabidopsis thaliana and sorghum bicolor metabolic networks, with the families' duplication propensities. for ... | 2011 | 22056313 |
| teosinte branched 1 modulates tillering in rice plants. | tillering is an important trait of cereal crops that optimizes plant architecture for maximum yield. teosinte branched 1 (tb1) is a negative regulator of lateral branching and an inducer of female inflorescence formation in zea mays (maize). recent studies indicate that tb1 homologs in oryza sativa (rice), sorghum bicolor and arabidopsis thaliana act downstream of the auxin and more auxiliary growth (max) pathways. however, the molecular mechanism by which rice produces tillers remains unknown. ... | 2012 | 21912860 |
| tissue-specific differences in cytosine methylation and their association with differential gene expression in sorghum. | it has been well established that dna cytosine methylation plays essential regulatory roles in imprinting gene expression in endosperm, and hence normal embryonic development, in the model plant arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). nonetheless, the developmental role of this epigenetic marker in cereal crops remains largely unexplored. here, we report for sorghum (sorghum bicolor) differences in relative cytosine methylation levels and patterns at 5'-ccgg sites in seven tissues (endosperm, embryo ... | 2011 | 21632971 |
| co-variation among major classes of lrr-encoding genes in two pairs of plant species. | nbs-lrr (nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat), lrr-rlk (lrr-receptor-like kinase), and lrr-only are the three major lrr-encoding genes. owing to the crucial role played by them in plant resistance, development, and growth, extensive studies have been performed on the nbs-lrr and lrr-rlk genes. however, few studies have focused on these genes collectively; they may co-vary as all of them contain lrr motifs. to investigate their common evolutionary patterns, all major classes of lrr-encodi ... | 2011 | 21626302 |
| plantmirnapred: efficient classification of real and pseudo plant pre-mirnas. | micrornas (mirnas) are a set of short (21-24 nt) non-coding rnas that play significant roles as post-transcriptional regulators in animals and plants. while some existing methods use comparative genomic approaches to identify plant precursor mirnas (pre-mirnas), others are based on the complementarity characteristics between mirnas and their target mrnas sequences. however, they can only identify the homologous mirnas or the limited complementary mirnas. furthermore, since the plant pre-mirnas a ... | 2011 | 21441575 |
| genome-wide analysis of clustering patterns and flanking characteristics for plant microrna genes. | micrornas (mirnas) have been proven to play important roles at the post-transcriptional level in animals and plants. to investigate clustering patterns and specific sequence characteristics in the flanking regions of plant mirna genes, we performed genome-wide analyses of arabidopsis thaliana, populus trichocarpa, oryza sativa and sorghum bicolor. our results showed that mirna pair distances were significantly higher than would have been expected to occur at random and that the number of mirna g ... | 2011 | 21223508 |
| genome-wide analysis of wox gene family in rice, sorghum, maize, arabidopsis and poplar. | wuschel-related homeobox (wox) genes form a large gene family specifically expressed in plants. they are known to play important roles in regulating the development of plant tissues and organs by determining cell fate. recent available whole genome sequences allow us to do more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the wox genes in plants. in the present study, we identified 11 and 21 woxs from sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and maize (zea mays), respectively. the 72 wox genes from rice (oryza sativ ... | 2010 | 20977659 |
| c4gem, a genome-scale metabolic model to study c4 plant metabolism. | leaves of c(4) grasses (such as maize [zea mays], sugarcane [saccharum officinarum], and sorghum [sorghum bicolor]) form a classical kranz leaf anatomy. unlike c(3) plants, where photosynthetic co(2) fixation proceeds in the mesophyll (m), the fixation process in c(4) plants is distributed between two cell types, the m cell and the bundle sheath (bs) cell. here, we develop a c(4) genome-scale model (c4gem) for the investigation of flux distribution in m and bs cells during c(4) photosynthesis. c ... | 2010 | 20974891 |
| annotation and comparative analysis of the glycoside hydrolase genes in brachypodium distachyon. | glycoside hydrolases cleave the bond between a carbohydrate and another carbohydrate, a protein, lipid or other moiety. genes encoding glycoside hydrolases are found in a wide range of organisms, from archea to animals, and are relatively abundant in plant genomes. in plants, these enzymes are involved in diverse processes, including starch metabolism, defense, and cell-wall remodeling. glycoside hydrolase genes have been previously cataloged for oryza sativa (rice), the model dicotyledonous pla ... | 2010 | 20973991 |
| genome-wide analysis of ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression motif-containing transcriptional regulators in arabidopsis. | the ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (ear) motif is a transcriptional regulatory motif identified in members of the ethylene-responsive element binding factor, c2h2, and auxin/indole-3-acetic acid families of transcriptional regulators. sequence comparison of the core ear motif sites from these proteins revealed two distinct conservation patterns: lxlxl and dlnxxp. proteins containing these motifs play key roles in diverse biological functions by negat ... | 2010 | 20097792 |
| suppression of sorghum axillary bud outgrowth by shade, phyb and defoliation signalling pathways. | in recent years, several genetic components of vegetative axillary bud development have been defined in both monocots and eudicots, but our understanding of environmental inputs on branching remains limited. recent work in sorghum (sorghum bicolor) has revealed a role for phytochrome b (phyb) in the control of axillary bud outgrowth through the regulation of teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene. in maize (zea mays), tb1 is a dosage-dependent inhibitor of axillary meristem progression, and the expressio ... | 2010 | 19843258 |
| expansion mechanisms and functional annotations of hypothetical genes in the rice genome. | in each completely sequenced genome, 30% to 50% of genes are annotated as uncharacterized hypothetical genes. in the rice (oryza sativa) genome, 10,918 hypothetical genes were annotated in the latest version (release 6) of the michigan state university rice genome annotation. we have implemented an integrative approach to analyze their duplication/expansion and function. the analyses show that tandem/segmental duplication and transposition/retrotransposition have significantly contributed to the ... | 2009 | 19535473 |
| trifldb: a database of clustered full-length coding sequences from triticeae with applications to comparative grass genomics. | the triticeae full-length cds database (trifldb) contains available information regarding full-length coding sequences (cdss) of the triticeae crops wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) and includes functional annotations and comparative genomics features. trifldb provides a search interface using keywords for gene function and related gene ontology terms and a similarity search for dna and deduced translated amino acid sequences to access annotations of triticeae full-length c ... | 2009 | 19448038 |
| hormonal control of grass inflorescence development. | grass inflorescences produce the grain that feeds the world. compared to eudicots such as arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), grasses have a complex inflorescence morphology that can be explained by differences in the activity of axillary meristems. advances in genomics, such as the completion of the rice (oryza sativa) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) genomes and the recent release of a draft sequence of the maize (zea mays) genome, have greatly facilitated research in grasses. here, we review rec ... | 2008 | 18986827 |
| primary or secondary? versatile nitrilases in plant metabolism. | the potential of plant nitrilases to convert indole-3-acetonitrile into the plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid has earned them the interim title of "key enzyme in auxin biosynthesis". although not widely recognized, this view has changed considerably in the last few years. recent work on plant nitrilases has shown them to be involved in the process of cyanide detoxification, in the catabolism of cyanogenic glycosides and presumably in the catabolism of glucosinolates. all plants possess a ... | 2008 | 18842274 |
| metabolon formation in dhurrin biosynthesis. | synthesis of the tyrosine derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum bicolor is catalyzed by two multifunctional, membrane bound cytochromes p450, cyp79a1 and cyp71e1, and a soluble udpg-glucosyltransferase, ugt85b1 (tattersall, d.b., bak, s., jones, p.r., olsen, c.e., nielsen, j.k., hansen, m.l., høj, p.b., møller, b.l., 2001. resistance to an herbivore through engineered cyanogenic glucoside synthesis. science 293, 1826-1828). all three enzymes retained enzymatic activity when expressed a ... | 2008 | 17706731 |
| comparative cross-species alternative splicing in plants. | alternative splicing (as) can add significantly to genome complexity. plants are thought to exhibit less as than animals. an algorithm, based on expressed sequence tag (est) pairs gapped alignment, was developed that takes advantage of the relatively small intron and exon size in plants and directly compares pairs of ests to search for as. est pairs gapped alignment was first evaluated in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and tomato (solanum lycopersicum) for which annotat ... | 2007 | 17496110 |
| consequences of transferring three sorghum genes for secondary metabolite (cyanogenic glucoside) biosynthesis to grapevine hairy roots. | a multigenic trait (biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite, dhurrin cyanogenic glucoside) was engineered de novo in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). this follows a recent report of transfer of the same trait to arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) using three genetic sequences from sorghum (sorghum bicolor): two cytochrome p450-encoding cdnas (cyp79a1 and cyp71e1) and a udpg-glucosyltransferase-encoding cdna (sbhmngt). here we describe the two-step process involving whole plant transformation foll ... | 2006 | 16604459 |
| ramosa2 encodes a lateral organ boundary domain protein that determines the fate of stem cells in branch meristems of maize. | genetic control of grass inflorescence architecture is critical given that cereal seeds provide most of the world's food. seeds are borne on axillary branches, which arise from groups of stem cells in axils of leaves and whose branching patterns dictate most of the variation in plant form. normal maize (zea mays) ears are unbranched, and tassels have long branches only at their base. the ramosa2 (ra2) mutant of maize has increased branching with short branches replaced by long, indeterminate one ... | 2006 | 16399802 |
| metabolic engineering of dhurrin in transgenic arabidopsis plants with marginal inadvertent effects on the metabolome and transcriptome. | focused and nontargeted approaches were used to assess the impact associated with introduction of new high-flux pathways in arabidopsis thaliana by genetic engineering. transgenic a. thaliana plants expressing the entire biosynthetic pathway for the tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin as accomplished by insertion of cyp79a1, cyp71e1, and ugt85b1 from sorghum bicolor were shown to accumulate 4% dry-weight dhurrin with marginal inadvertent effects on plant morphology, free amino acid poo ... | 2005 | 15665094 |
| electroporation of isolated higher-plant mitochondria: transcripts of an introduced cox2 gene, but not an atp6 gene, are edited in organello. | to facilitate the analysis of rna processing in plant mitochondria, a method was established for introducing foreign dna into mitochondria isolated from maize and sorghum. this method permits the uptake of dna of up to 11 kb into the mitochondrial matrix. in vitro incubation of maize mitochondria in a specific buffer system was found to permit splicing and editing of newly synthesized rnas for a period of at least 7 h. this was shown both for transcripts of endogenous mitochondrial genes (atp6, ... | 2003 | 12811542 |
| characterization of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana with metabolically engineered high levels of p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate. | the cytochrome p450 cyp79a1 catalyzes the conversion of l-tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime, the first step in the biosynthetic pathway of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum bicolor (l.) moench. we have demonstrated that introduction of cyp79a1 into arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. results in the production of the tyrosine-derived glucosinolate p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (p-ohbg), not found in wild-type a. thaliana (bak et al., 1999, plant j. 20: 663 671). in the present study, ... | 2001 | 11525519 |
| resistance to an herbivore through engineered cyanogenic glucoside synthesis. | the entire pathway for synthesis of the tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin has been transferred from sorghum bicolor to arabidopsis thaliana. here, we document that genetically engineered plants are able to synthesize and store large amounts of new natural products. the presence of dhurrin in the transgenic a. thaliana plants confers resistance to the flea beetle phyllotreta nemorum, which is a natural pest of other members of the crucifer group, demonstrating the potential utility of ... | 2001 | 11474068 |
| metabolic engineering of p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate in arabidopsis by expression of the cyanogenic cyp79a1 from sorghum bicolor. | glucosinolates are natural products in cruciferous plants, including arabidopsis thaliana. cyp79a1 is the cytochrome p450 catalysing the conversion of tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum. both glucosinolates and cyanogenic glucosides have oximes as intermediates. expression of cyp79a1 in a. thaliana results in the production of high levels of the tyrosine-derived glucosinolate p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate, which is not a natu ... | 1999 | 10652138 |
| copper content of staple seeds and grains grown in kanam local government area, nigeria. | copper is a trace mineral that plays an important role in human metabolism, largely because it allows many critical enzymes to function properly. little is known of copper content of nigerian foods. in this paper, copper contents of several typical nigerian foods were determined. the samples were collected from kanam of plateau state in central region of nigeria. the samples were wet-ashed according to the protocol of hill et al. (anal chem 55:2340-2342, 1986).concentrations of copper in the sam ... | 2013 | 23961432 |
| enzyme activities and arylsulfatase protein content of dust and the soil source: biochemical fingerprints? | little is known about the potential of enzyme activities, which are sensitive to soil properties and management, for the characterization of dust properties. enzyme activities may be among the dust properties key to identifying the soil source of dust. we generated dust (27 and 7 microm) under controlled laboratory conditions from agricultural soils (0-5 cm) with history of continuous cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) or cotton rotated with peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l. ... | 2006 | 15356225 |
| thermal regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in c(3) and c(4) plants native to hot and temperate climates. | exposure of leaf sections from 2-week-old seedlings of sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) (c(4) plant), corn (zea mays l.) (c(4)), peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) (c(3) plant), and soybean (glycine max l.) (c(3)) to 40 or 45 degrees c for up to 4 hours resulted in significant increases in the levels of 102 kilodalton (c(4)), 52 kilodalton (c(3) and c(4)), and 15 kilodalton (c(3) and c(4)) polypeptides. these proteins comigrated, respectively, with authentic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) and the ... | 1989 | 16666926 |
| photochemical dimerization of ferulic acid by chloroplasts from sorghum. | sorghum (sorghum bicolor) chloroplasts, lamellar fragments, and triton x-100 solubilized preparations catalyze a blue and red light-sensitized oxidation of ferulic acid to its beta-beta-linked dimer and its hydrolysis product, the acid dimer. exogenous superoxide dismutase had no effect, and catalase and 1 to 10 mm kcn inhibited this photooxidative dimerization only in detergent-treated chloroplasts. it is postulated that the final oxidant is h(2)o(2), formed by light-induced photosystem i elect ... | 1977 | 16659796 |
| blue light activates a specific protein kinase in higher plants. | blue light mediates the phosphorylation of a membrane protein in seedlings from several plant species. when crude microsomal membrane proteins from dark-grown pea (pisum sativum l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana l.), or tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.) stem segments, or from maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), or sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) coleoptiles are i ... | 1992 | 16653043 |
| possible evidence for transport of an iron cyanide complex by plants. | barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and wild cane (sorghum bicolor l.), were exposed to 15n-labeled ferrocyanide to determine whether these plant species can transport this iron cyanide complex. plants were treated with ferrocyanide in a nutrient solution that simulated iron cyanide contaminated groundwater and soil solutions. this nutrient solution has been shown to maintain ferrocyanide speciation with minimal dissociation to free cyanide. following treatment, all three plants ... | 2004 | 14568716 |
| gramene, a tool for grass genomics. | gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice (oryza sativa). it combines a semi-automatically generated database of cereal genomic and expressed sequence tag sequences, genetic maps, map relations, and publications, with a curated database of rice mutants (genes and alleles), molecular markers, and proteins. gramene curators read and extract detailed information from published sources, summarize that information in a stru ... | 2002 | 12481044 |
| western blot analysis of cereal grain prolamins using an antibody to carboxyl-linked indoleacetic acid. | a monoclonal antibody raised against carboxyl-linked iaa was used in western blot analysis of storage proteins from kernels of avena sativa, pennisetum americanum, sorghum bicolor, and zea mays. iaa or an iaa-like molecule is associated with the ethanolsoluble protein fraction of the seed. western blotting of commercial zein, the major storage protein of maize, along with physicochemical evidence reported by leverone et al. ([1991] plant physiol, 96: 1070-1075) indicated that iaa is linked with ... | 1991 | 16668300 |
| functional xylem anatomy in root-shoot junctions of six cereal species. | in cereals, the formation of safety zones in the root-shoot junction could protect the vessels of roots from embolism originating in the shoot. the root-shoot junction was examined both anatomically, with a light microscope, and experimentally, using a pressurized-air method, in the base of seminal and adventitious roots of maize (zea mays l. cv. seneca 60-ii), a corngrass mutation of maize (cg mutant), sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. cv. ho-pak), winter oats (avena sativa l. cv. ogle), spring wheat ... | 1991 | 24193938 |
| elimination of the adverse effects of urea fertilizer on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil. | the rapidly increasing importance of urea fertilizer in world agriculture has stimulated research to find methods of reducing the problems associated with the use of this fertilizer. one of these problems is that urea has adverse effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil. because there is evidence that these adverse effects are caused largely, if not entirely, by ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea fertilizer by soil urease, we explored the possibility ... | 1988 | 16593951 |
| plant gene and alternatively spliced variant annotator. a plant genome annotation pipeline for rice gene and alternatively spliced variant identification with cross-species expressed sequence tag conservation from seven plant species. | the completion of the rice (oryza sativa) genome draft has brought unprecedented opportunities for genomic studies of the world's most important food crop. previous rice gene annotations have relied mainly on ab initio methods, which usually yield a high rate of false-positive predictions and give only limited information regarding alternative splicing in rice genes. comparative approaches based on expressed sequence tags (ests) can compensate for the drawbacks of ab initio methods because they ... | 2007 | 17220363 |
| review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection. | we have reviewed published anthraquinone applications for international pest management and agricultural crop protection from 1943 to 2016. anthraquinone (aq) is commonly found in dyes, pigments and many plants and organisms. avian repellent research with aq began in the 1940s. in the context of pest management, aq is currently used as a chemical repellent, perch deterrent, insecticide and feeding deterrent in many wild birds, and in some mammals, insects and fishes. criteria for evaluation of e ... | 2016 | 27252044 |
| tetraoxanes as a new class of efficient herbicides comparable with commercial products. | several 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were synthesised, and their herbicidal activity was tested against weeds and compared with the activity of commercial herbicides glyphosate and imazethapyr. | 2015 | 25157959 |
| synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2alpha, 4alpha-dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one derivatives. | the catalytic oxidation of 2alpha,4alpha-dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2. 1]oct-6-en-3-one with osmium tetraoxide and excess hydrogen peroxide resulted in the formation of 2alpha,4alpha-dimethyl-6, 7-exo-isopropylidenedioxy-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (2), with 91% yield. addition of aryllithium reagents to this compound resulted in the formation of the aromatic alcohols (6a-h) with 48-76% yield. these alcohols were treated with thionyl chloride in pyridine, and the corresponding alkenes (7a-h) wer ... | 1999 | 10552894 |
| differential responses of soybean and sorghum growth, nitrogen uptake, and microbial metabolism in the rhizosphere to cattle manure application: a rhizobox study. | in this study, we determined the capacity of soybean (glycine max l. merr. cv. hoyoharuka) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. moench. cv. hybrid sorgo) to utilize different forms of nitrogen (n) in a rhizobox system. seedlings were grown for 35 days without n or with 130 mg n kg(-1) soil as ammonium sulfate or farmyard cattle manure. the soil fractions at different distances from the root were sliced millimeter by millimeter in the rhizobox system. we assessed the distribution of different forms of ... | 2016 | 27726362 |
| effect of sward surface height and level of herbage depletion on bite features of cattle grazing sorghum bicolor swards. | to maximize herbage dmi, pregrazing sward surface height (ssh) and level of herbage depletion (hd) must be such that variables determining short-term herbage intake such as bite mass (bm) and bite rate (br) are optimized. the objective of this study was to determine a ssh target and the level of hd as a proportion of the ssh that optimizes bm and br of beef heifers grazing sorghum bicolor swards. two experiments were conducted using 2 s. bicolor swards and 4 beef heifers (25 mo old; 322 kg bw). ... | 2013 | 23825342 |
| on the mechanism of action and selectivity of the corn herbicide topramezone: a new inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. | topramezone is a new, highly selective herbicide of pyrazole structure for the post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn. the biokinetic properties and mode of action of topramezone were investigated in plants of setaria faberi herrm, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, solanum nigrum l. and the crop species corn (zea mays l.). within 2-5 days after treatment, topramezone caused strong photobleaching effects on the shoot, followed by plant death of sensitive weeds. the selectivity of ... | 2007 | 17340675 |
| influence of protein type and level on nitrogen and forage use in cows consuming low-quality forage. | minimal quantities of ruminally degradable protein from supplements may improve supplement use efficiency of ruminants grazing dormant forages. in exp. 1, n retention, ruminal nh(3), serum urea n, and ndf digestibility were evaluated for 12 ruminally cannulated cows (bos spp.) in an incomplete latin square design with 3 periods of 42 d each. cows were fed weeping lovegrass [eragrostis curvula (schrad.) nees] hay (4.1% cp, 75% ndf, om basis) at 1.3 % bw/d and offered 1 of 3 sources of cp [urea, c ... | 2012 | 22287680 |
| duplication and diversification of the leafy hull sterile1 and oryza sativa mads5 sepallata lineages in graminoid poales. | gene duplication and the subsequent divergence in function of the resulting paralogs via subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization is hypothesized to have played a major role in the evolution of plant form. the leafy hull sterile1 (lhs1) sepallata (sep) genes have been linked with the origin and diversification of the grass spikelet, but it is uncertain 1) when the duplication event that produced the lhs1 clade and its paralogous lineage oryza sativa mads5 (osm5) occurred, and 2) how chan ... | 2012 | 22340849 |
| differential uptake of mercury vapor by gramineous c(3) and c(4) plants. | the uptake of mercury vapor by six gramineous plant species was compared under uniform conditions using a whole-plant chamber and (203)hg-labeled mercury at a low atmospheric concentration. mean hg uptake by leaves of the c(3) species oats (avena sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), and wheat (triticum aestivum) was 5 times greater than that by leaves of the c(4) species corn (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and crabgrass (digitaria sanguinalis). although there was a difference in resistance ... | 1983 | 16663117 |
| estimating hydrogen cyanide in forage sorghum ( sorghum bicolor ) by near-infrared spectroscopy. | hydrogen cyanide (hcn) is a toxic chemical that can potentially cause mild to severe reactions in animals when grazing forage sorghum. developing technologies to monitor the level of hcn in the growing crop would benefit graziers, so that they can move cattle into paddocks with acceptable levels of hcn. in this study, we developed near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) calibrations to estimate hcn in forage sorghum and hay. the full spectral nirs range (400-2498 nm) was used as well as specific spect ... | 2012 | 22594883 |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane: medium-term toxicity to carp, daphnids, and higher plants. | the toxicity of 1,1,1-trichloroethane to carp (cyprinus carpio) and daphnids (daphnia magna) and the effects of gaseous-phase exposure on the growth of higher plants (sorghum bicolor and brassica napus) were investigated. the test systems were designed to minimize loss of the volatile material during the exposure period. during an exposure period of 14 days, there were no mortalities or other symptoms of toxicity in carp exposed to a mean measured 1,1,1-trichloroethane concentration of 7.7 mg/li ... | 1989 | 2737111 |
| differential impacts of brassicaceous and nonbrassicaceous oilseed meals on soil bacterial and fungal communities. | demand for alternative fuels has sparked renewed interest in the production of biodiesel from oil-rich seeds. oilseed meals are a byproduct of this process, and given their relatively high nutrient content, land application represents a potential value-added use. in this microcosm-based study, soil microbial community responses to amendments of a glucosinolate-containing brassicaceous oilseed meal (brassica juncea, mustard), a non-glucosinolate-containing, nonbrassicaceous oilseed meal (linum us ... | 2013 | 23025785 |
| phytoremediation potential of some agricultural plants on heavy metal contaminated mine waste soils, salem district, tamilnadu. | the pot culture experiment performed for phytoextraction potential of selected agricultural plants [millet (eleusine coracana), mustard (brassica juncea), jowar (sorghum bicolor), black gram (vigna mungo), pumpkin (telfairia occidentalis)] grown in metal contaminated soils around the salem region, tamilnadu, india. physiochemical characterization of soils, reported as low to medium level of n, p, k was found in test soils. the cr content higher in mine soils than control and the values are 0.176 ... | 2016 | 26366709 |
| cadmium accumulation by jack-bean and sorghum in hydroponic culture. | among the technologies used to recuperate cadmium (cd) contaminated soils, phytoextraction are particularly important, where the selection of suitable plants is critical to the success of the soil remediation. thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the responses of jack-bean and sorghum to cd supply and to quantify cd accumulation by these species grown in hydroponic culture. the plants were subjected to 0, 15, 30, or 60 μmol cd l(-1) in the nutrient solution, and gas exchange, plan ... | 2015 | 25397989 |
| phylogenetic relationships of 10 grass species: an assessment of phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribed spacer region in nuclear ribosomal dna in monocots. | entire sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (itss) and 5.8s subunit of nuclear ribosomal dna (nrdna) were obtained from nine grass species by direct double-stranded sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified dna fragments. these sequences from subfamily pooideae (triticum aestivum, crithodium monococcum, sitopsis speltoides, hordeum vulgare, secale montanum, avena longiglumis, bromus inermis, brachypodium distachyon) and subfamily panicoideae (sorghum bicolor) together with ... | 1994 | 8181731 |
| photoinhibition at low temperature in chilling-sensitive and -resistant plants. | photoinhibition resulting from exposure at 7 degrees c to a moderate photon flux density (300 micromoles per square meter per second, 400-700 nanometers) for 20 hours was measured in leaves of annual crops differing widely in chilling tolerance. the incidence of photoinhibition, determined as the decrease in the ratio of induced to total chlorophyll fluorescence emission at 693 nanometers (f(v)/f(max)) measured at 77 kelvin, was not confined to chilling-sensitive species. the extent of photoinhi ... | 1989 | 16666971 |
| phytotoxicity of biosolids and screening of selected plant species with potential for mercury phytoextraction. | mercury contaminated stockpiles of biosolids (3.5-8.4 mg kg(-1) hg) from melbourne water's western treatment plant (mw-wtp) were investigated to evaluate the possibility for their phytoremediation. nine plant species (atriplex codonocarpa, atriplex semibaccata, austrodanthonia caespitosa, brassica juncea, brassica napus, gypsophila paniculata, sorghum bicolor, themeda triandra and trifolium subterraneum) were screened for phytoextraction potential in hg-contaminated biosolids from mw-wtp. in add ... | 2010 | 19775810 |
| electrophysiological responses of the lepidopterous stemborers chilo partellus and busseola fusca to volatiles from wild and cultivated host plants. | the stemborers chilo partellus and busseola fusca are major pests of subsistence cereal farming in africa. volatiles released by two cultivated hosts, sorghum and maize (sorghum bicolor and zea mays), and two wild grass hosts, pennisetum purpureum and hyparrhenia tamba, were collected by air entrainment. electrophysiologically active components in these samples were detected by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (gc-eag), and the active peaks identified by gas chromatography-mass sp ... | 2006 | 17080306 |
| diel periodicity in the production of green leaf volatiles by wild and cultivated host plants of stemborer moths, chilo partellus and busseola fusca. | the volatile chemicals produced by four poaceous plant species, blue thatching grass, hyparrhenia tamba, napier grass, pennisetum purpureum, sorghum, sorghum bicolor, and maize, zea mays, which are host plants for the lepidopterous stemborers, chilo partellus and busseola fusca, were collected by air entrainment and analyzed by gas chromatography. the total quantities of volatiles collected hourly, over a 9-hr period, from p. purpureum and h. tamba showed an approximately hundredfold increase in ... | 2006 | 16572298 |
| volatile infochemicals used in host and host habitat location bycotesia flavipes cameron andcotesia sesamiae (cameron) (hymenoptera: braconidae), larval parasitoids of stemborers on graminae. | femalecotesia flavipes cameron andcotesia sesamiae (cameron) were attracted to odors in a y-tube olfactometer from uninfested maize (zea mays l.), sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.)], and napier grass (pennisetum purpureum schumach). in dual choice tests,cotesia flavipes showed a preference for maize over sorghum, while maize and napier grass were equally attractive. in contrast,cotesia sesamiae preferred volatiles from sorghum and napier grass over those from maize. the two parasitoids were signific ... | 1996 | 24227412 |
| bioaccessibility of polyphenols from wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), green gram (vigna radiata), and chickpea (cicer arietinum) as influenced by domestic food processing. | cereals (wheat and sorghum) and legumes (green gram and chickpea) commonly consumed in asia and africa were evaluated for polyphenolic content. bioaccessibility of polyphenols from these grains as influenced by domestic processing was also estimated. total polyphenol content of wheat and sorghum was 1.20 and 1.12 mg/g respectively, which was increased by 49% and 20% respectively, on roasting. in contrast, a significant reduction of the same was observed in both the cereals after pressure-cooking ... | 2014 | 25340251 |
| effects of simulated oilfield produced water on early seedling growth after treatment in a pilot-scale constructed wetland system. | seed germination and early seedling growth bioassays were used to evaluate phytotoxicity of simulated oilfield produced water (opw) before and after treatment in a subsurface-flow, pilot-scale constructed wetland treatment system (cwts). responses to untreated and treated opw were compared among seven plant species, including three monocotyledons: corn (zea mays), millet (panicum miliaceum), and sorghum (sorghum bicolor); and four dicotyledons: lettuce (lactuca sativa), okra (abelmoschus esculen ... | 2015 | 25409245 |
| shoot δ(15)n and δ (13)c values of non-host brassica rapa change when exposed to ±glomus etunicatum inoculum and three levels of phosphorus and nitrogen. | glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the response of non-host brassica rapa and host sorghum bicolor to inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus etunicatum when given different levels of n (0.9 mmol kg(-1) sand, 2.7 mmol kg(-1) sand, 8.1 mmol kg(-1) sand) and p (3.6 µmol kg(-1) sand, 10.7 µmol kg(-1) sand, 32.0 µmol kg(-1) sand) fertiliser. on both plant species, the presence of g. etunicatum inoculum (+amf) was associated with significant changes of shoot δ(15)n ... | 2001 | 24595435 |
| elucidation of the structure and reaction mechanism of sorghum hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and its structural relationship to other coenzyme a-dependent transferases and synthases. | hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (hct) from sorghum (sorghum bicolor) participates in an early step of the phenylpropanoid pathway, exchanging coenzyme a (coa) esterified to p-coumaric acid with shikimic or quinic acid as intermediates in the biosynthesis of the monolignols coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol. in order to elucidate the mode of action of this enzyme, we have determined the crystal structures of sbhct in its apo-form and ternary complex with shikimate and p-coumaroyl-coa, which was c ... | 2013 | 23624856 |
| relative fitness of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on seven host plants: a perspective for ipm in brazil. | the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a widespread pest of many cultivated and wild plants in europe, africa, asia, and australia. in 2013, this species was reported in brazil, attacking various host crops in the midwestern and northeastern regions of the country and is now found countrywide. aiming to understand the effects of different host plants on the life cycle of h. armigera, we selected seven species of host plants that mature in different seasons ... | 2016 | 26798139 |
| molecular characterization and in silico analysis of sorghum panallergens: profilin and polcalin. | in india, 20-30% of the human population suffer from allergic rhinitis and 15% of them develop asthma. plant pollens are one of the causative aeroallergens and are mixture of a number of molecules including major and minor allergens (panallergens). profilin and polcalcin are the known pollen specific panallergens. allergenicity of the sorghum plant in andhra pradesh was found to be 54.9%. but the allergens responsible have not been characterized well. this study highlights identification and mol ... | 2015 | 26669015 |
| assessment of napier millet (pennisetum purpureumx p. glaucum) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) trap crops for the management of chilo partellus on maize. | two napier millet (pennisetum purpureumxp. glaucum) hybrids, namely pbn 83 and pbn 233 and one sorghum (sorghum bicolor) variety, sl 44, were assessed for their potential role as a trap crop in the management of the stem borer, chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae) on maize. oviposition preference and larval survival and development were determined for different test plants under laboratory and screen house conditions. further, field dispersal of c. partellus larvae was assessed bet ... | 2009 | 18947446 |
| evaluation of the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effect of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice. | this work has been designed to evaluate the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effects of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice on rapidly proliferating cells. | 2014 | 25298937 |
| soil ecotoxicity assessment using cadmium sensitive plants. | four crop plant species (sweet corn, zea may; wheat, triticum aestivum; cucumber, cucumis sativus; and sorghum, sorghum bicolor) were tested to assess an ecotoxicity in cadmium-amended soils. the measurement endpoints used were seed germination and seedling growth (shoot and root). the presence of cadmium decreased the seedling growth. the medium effective concentration values (ec50) for shoot or root growth were calculated by the trimmed spearman-karber method. due to the greater accumulation o ... | 2004 | 14553991 |
| genome-wide association mapping of quantitative traits in a breeding population of sugarcane. | molecular markers associated with relevant agronomic traits could significantly reduce the time and cost involved in developing new sugarcane varieties. previous sugarcane genome-wide association analyses (gwas) have found few molecular markers associated with relevant traits at plant-cane stage. the aim of this study was to establish an appropriate gwas to find molecular markers associated with yield related traits consistent across harvesting seasons in a breeding population. sugarcane clones ... | 2016 | 27342657 |
| toxicity of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (btex) mixtures to sorghum bicolor and cucumis sativus. | | 2004 | 15266698 |
| assessment of comparative toxicities of lead and copper using plant assay. | the acute toxicities of lead (pb) and copper (cu) to important crop plants sorghum bicolor, cucumis sativus, triticum aestivum, and zea mays were compared. the ec50 values (the concentration of metals in the soil that reduces the growth of shoots and roots by 50%) were derived using the trimmed spearman-karber method. the ec50s-shoot (root) in mg pb kg-1 dry soil and mg cu kg-1 dry soil were in the range of 519 to >1280 (285-445), and 48-232 (<40-110), respectively. those concentrations are like ... | 2006 | 16153686 |
| synthesis and phytotoxic activity of ozonides. | the [4 + 3] cycloaddition of the proper furans with the oxyallyl cation, generated in situ from 2,4-dibromopentan-3-one, produced a series of 8-oxabicyclo [3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ones. exposure of the oxabicycles to ozone afforded the corresponding 8,9,10,11-tetraoxatricyclo[5.2.1.1 (2,6)]undecan-4-ones in variable yields (7-100%). the phytotoxic properties of these ozonides (or 1,2,4-trioxolanes) and their oxabicycle precursors were evaluated as the ability to interfere with the growth of sorghum bic ... | 2008 | 18808140 |
| mapping of a cellulose-deficient mutant named dwarf1-1 in sorghum bicolor to the green revolution gene gibberellin20-oxidase reveals a positive regulatory association between gibberellin and cellulose biosynthesis. | here, we show a mechanism for expansion regulation through mutations in the green revolution gene gibberellin20 (ga20)-oxidase and show that gas control biosynthesis of the plants main structural polymer cellulose. within a 12,000 mutagenized sorghum bicolor plant population, we identified a single cellulose-deficient and male gametophyte-dysfunctional mutant named dwarf1-1 (dwf1-1). through the sorghum propinquum male/dwf1-1 female f2 population, we mapped dwf1-1 to a frameshift in ga20-oxidase ... | 2015 | 26198258 |
| synthesis and phytogrowth properties of oxabicyclic analogues related to helminthosporin. | this investigation describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of oxabicyclic analogues related to the helminthosporins. four oxabicycles were prepared by [4+3] cycloaddition of an oxyallyl carbocation, generated in situ from 2,4-dibromopentan-3-one, with selected furans. functional group manipulations of the oxabicyclic architecture generated nine further derivatives. the phytotoxic properties of these oxabicycles were evaluated as their ability to interfere with the growth of ... | 2009 | 19127245 |
| preparation of achiral and chiral (e)-enaminopyran-2,4-diones and their phytotoxic activity. | a short and efficient approach to a range of new chiral and achiral functionalized (e)-enaminopyran-2,4-diones starting with commercially available dehydroacetic acid is described. the phytotoxic properties of these (e)-enaminopyran-2,4-diones were evaluated by their ability to interfere with the growth of sorghum bicolor and cucumis sativus seedlings. a different sensitivity of the two crops was evident with the (e)-enaminopyran-2,4-diones. the most active compounds were also tested against two ... | 2009 | 19170511 |
| anchoring a plant cytochrome p450 via psam to the thylakoids in synechococcus sp. pcc 7002: evidence for light-driven biosynthesis. | plants produce an immense variety of specialized metabolites, many of which are of high value as their bioactive properties make them useful as for instance pharmaceuticals. the compounds are often produced at low levels in the plant, and due to their complex structures, chemical synthesis may not be feasible. here, we take advantage of the reducing equivalents generated in photosynthesis in developing an approach for producing plant bioactive natural compounds in a photosynthetic microorganism ... | 2014 | 25025215 |
| decomposition, nitrogen and carbon mineralization from food and cover crop residues in the central plateau of haiti. | cover crops are a major focus of conservation agriculture efforts because they can provide soil cover and increase nutrient availability after their mineralization in cropping systems. to evaluate the effect of residue type and placement on rate of decomposition and carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) mineralization, residues from two food crops, maize (zea mays l.) and common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), and two promising cover crops, sunn hemp (crotalaria juncea l.) and sorghum sudangrass (sorghum bi ... | 2016 | 27429883 |
| elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide effects on soybean and sorghum gas exchange in conventional and no-tillage systems. | increasing atmospheric co(2) concentration has led to concerns about potential effects on production agriculture. in the fall of 1997, a study was initiated to compare the response of two crop management systems (conventional tillage and no-tillage) to elevated co(2). the study used a split-plot design replicated three times with two management systems as main plots and two atmospheric co(2) levels (ambient and twice ambient) as split plots using open-top chambers on a decatur silt loam soil (cl ... | 2013 | 20176833 |
| amino-substituted para-benzoquinones as potential herbicides. | although quinones present a large array of biological activities, a few studies on the herbicidal potential of 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones have been reported to date. in this work, starting from benzoquinone, 13 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones were prepared in 46 - 93% yield. the products were fully characterized by spectroscopic analyses and their phytotoxicity against cucumis sativus and sorghum bicolor seedlings was investigated. at 100 ppm, compounds caused 10 - 88% ... | 2016 | 27389616 |
| production of bioherbicide by phoma sp. in a stirred-tank bioreactor. | the objective of this work was to produce an herbicide by submerged fermentation in a stirred-tank bioreactor and to assess the potential herbicidal in pre-emergence, post-emergence, and in a detached leaves of cucumis sativus var species. wisconsin (cucumber) and sorghum bicolor (sorghum) species. fermentations were carried out in a stirred-tank bioreactor with useful volume of 3l. stirring rate (40, 50, and 60 rpm) and aeration (1, 2 and 3 vvm) were the variables studied for bioherbicide produ ... | 2016 | 28330302 |
| rubrolides as model for the development of new lactones and their aza analogs as potential photosynthesis inhibitors. | natural phytotoxins and their synthetic analogs are a potential source of new bioactive compounds for agriculture. analogs of rubrolides, a class of γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones isolated from different ascidians, have been shown to interfere with the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, yet their activity needs to be improved. with this aim, ten 5-aryl-6-benzyl-4-bromopyridazin-3(2h)-ones were prepared in yields ranging from 44 to 88% by reaction of their correspondent γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones wit ... | 2015 | 26172321 |
| synthesis and phytotoxic activity of new pyridones derived from 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1h)-one. | commercial dehydroacetic acid was converted into 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1h)-one (3), which was then condensed with several aliphatic aldehydes to produce seven new title compounds in variable yields (35-92%). reaction of 3 with alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes resulted in the formation of condensed pyran derivatives 4g' and 4h'. a mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of such compounds. the effects of all methylpyridin-2(1h)-one derivatives on the development of the dicotyledonous ... | 2009 | 20032871 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of new ozonides with improved plant growth regulatory activity. | the iron oxyallyl carbocation generated from 2,7-dibromocycloheptanone was induced to undergo [4 + 3] cycloaddition reactions with various furans, affording a series of 12-oxatricyclo-[4.4.1.1(2,5)]-dodec-3-en-11-one adducts. similar methodology was used to prepare two additional cycloadducts using menthofuran and two homologous aliphatic dibromoketones. dipolar cycloaddition of ozone to the adducts afforded the corresponding secondary ozonides (i.e., 1,2,4-trioxolanes) in variable yields. ozoni ... | 2009 | 19886678 |
| composition of structural carbohydrates in biomass: precision of a liquid chromatography method using a neutral detergent extraction and a charged aerosol detector. | we adapted and optimized a method to quantify the cellulose, hemicellulose, xylan, arabinan, mannan, galactan contents in lignocellulosic biomass. this method is based on a neutral detergent extraction (nde) of the interfering biomass components, followed by a sulfuric acid hydrolysis (sah) of the structural polysaccharides, and a liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection (lc-cad) to analyze the released monosaccharides. the first step of this nde-sah-lc-cad method aims at removing al ... | 2011 | 21872053 |
| examining cuphea as a potential host for western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae): larval development. | in previous crop rotation research, adult emergence traps placed in plots planted to cuphea psr-23 (a selected cross of cuphea viscosissma jacq. and cuphea lanceolata ait.) caught high numbers of adult western corn rootworms, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), suggesting that larvae may have completed development on this broadleaf plant. because of this observation, a series of greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that cuphea cou ... | 2008 | 18613580 |
| comparing contributions of soil versus root colonization to variations in stomatal behavior and soil drying in mycorrhizal sorghum bicolor and cucurbita pepo. | in prior studies we learned that colonization of soil can be as important as colonization of roots in determining mycorrhizal influence on the water relations of host plants. here we use a path analysis modeling approach to test (a) whether quantity of hyphae in soil contributes to variations in stomatal behavior and soil drying, and (b) whether soil colonization or root colonization has a stronger influence on these stomatal and soil drying responses. experiments were performed on sorghum bicol ... | 2007 | 17189660 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization and development at suboptimal root zone temperature. | temperature has a strong influence on the activity of living organisms. this study, involving two indoor experiments, evaluated the effects of root zone temperature (10, 15 and 23 degrees c) on the formation and development of arbuscular mycorrhizae (am). in the first trial, greenhouse-grown sorghum [ sorghum bicolor (l.) moench] was either colonized by glomus intraradices schenck & smith or left non-mycorrhizal. root length, root and shoot weight and root colonization were measured after 5, 10 ... | 2004 | 12748840 |
| effect of feeding warm-season annuals with orchardgrass on ruminal fermentation and methane output in continuous culture. | a 4-unit, dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to assess nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids (vfa) production, bacterial protein synthesis, and methane (ch4) output of warm-season annual grasses. treatments were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 × 4 latin square design using 7 d for adaptation to treatment and 3 d for sample collection. treatments were (1) 100% orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.; ord); (2) 50% orchardgrass + 50% japanese millet [echinochloa escul ... | 2017 | 27939544 |
| promiscuous arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of yam (dioscorea spp.), a key staple crop in west africa. | yam (dioscorea spp.) is a tuberous staple food crop of major importance in the sub-saharan savannas of west africa. optimal yields commonly are obtained only in the first year following slash-and-burn in the shifting cultivation systems. it appears that the yield decline in subsequent years is not merely caused by soil nutrient depletion but might be due to a loss of the beneficial soil microflora, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf), associated with tropical "tree-aspect" savannas and ... | 2009 | 19343374 |
| localisation of sucrose-phosphate synthase and starch in leaves of c4 plants. | the activity and intercellular distribution of sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps; ec 2.4.1.14) were determined in fully expanded leaves from a range of c4 plants. in zea mays l. and atriplex spongiosa f. muell., sps was located almost exclusively in the mesophyll cells. in other species, sps was found in both cell types, with the activity in the bundle sheath cells ranging from 5% of the total leaf activity in echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv. to 35% in sorghum bicolor moench. at the end of the l ... | 1997 | 9177054 |
| the effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species. | the effect of humidity on the gas exchange of leaves of the dicotyledons soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), jojoba (simmondsia chinensis (l.) schneider), and saltbush (atriplex halimus l.) and the monocotyledons wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) was examined under conditions of adequate soil moisture in a controlled environment. photosynthesis a ... | 1977 | 24419571 |
| involvement of phospholipase d and phosphatidic acid in the light-dependent up-regulation of sorghum leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-kinase. | the photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (c(4)-pepc) is regulated by phosphorylation by a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (pepc-k). in digitaria sanguinalis mesophyll protoplasts, this light-mediated transduction cascade principally requires a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) and a ca(2+)-dependent step. the present study investigates the cascade components at the higher integrated level of sorghum bicolor leaf discs and leaves. pepc-k up-regulation required li ... | 2010 | 20410319 |