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endophyte-assisted promotion of biomass production and metal-uptake of energy crop sweet sorghum by plant-growth-promoting endophyte bacillus sp. sls18.the effects of bacillus sp. sls18, a plant-growth-promoting endophyte, on the biomass production and mn/cd uptake of sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.), phytolacca acinosa roxb., and solanum nigrum l. were investigated. sls18 displayed multiple heavy metals and antibiotics resistances. the strain also exhibited the capacity of producing indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. in pot experiments, sls18 could not only infect plants effectively but a ...201121792590
a census of nuclear cyanobacterial recruits in the plant kingdom.the plastids and mitochondria of the eukaryotic cell are of endosymbiotic origin. these events occurred ~2 billion years ago and produced significant changes in the genomes of the host and the endosymbiont. previous studies demonstrated that the invasion of land affected plastids and mitochondria differently and that the paths of mitochondrial integration differed between animals and plants. other studies examined the reasons why a set of proteins remained encoded in the organelles and were not ...201525794152
fermentation and enzyme treatments for sorghum.sorghum (sorghum bicolor moench) is the fifth most produced cereal worldwide. however, some varieties of this cereal contain antinutritional factors, such as tannins and phytate that may form stable complexes with proteins and minerals which decreases digestibility and nutritional value. the present study sought to diminish antinutritional tannins and phytate present in sorghum grains. three different treatments were studied for that purpose, using enzymes tannase (945 u/kg sorghum), phytase (26 ...201224031807
alkylresorcinol biosynthesis in plants: new insights from an ancient enzyme family?alkylresorcinols are members of an extensive family of bioactive compounds referred to as phenolic lipids, which occur primarily in plants, fungi, and bacteria. in plants, alkylresorcinols and their derivatives are thought to serve important roles as phytoanticipins and allelochemicals, although direct evidence for this is still somewhat lacking. specialized type iii polyketide synthases (referred to as 'alkylresorcinol synthases'), which catalyze the formation of 5-alkylresorcinols using fatty ...201020861691
in planta transformation of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) using tps1 gene for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses.an in planta transformation protocol for sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) using shoot apical meristem of germinating seedlings is reported in this study. agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, lba4404 with pcambia1303 vector and construct pcambia1303tps1 were individually used for transformation. since, the transgene is integrated into the cells of already differentiated tissues, the t 0 plants were chimeric and stable integration was observed in t1 generation. β-glucuronidase (gus) expression i ...201526440081
proline over-accumulation alleviates salt stress and protects photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities in transgenic sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench].shoot-tip derived callus cultures of sorghum bicolor were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens as well as by bombardment methods with the mutated pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (p5csf129a) gene encoding the key enzyme for proline biosynthesis from glutamate. the transgenics were selfed for three generations and t4 plants were examined for 100 mm nacl stress tolerance in pot conditions. the effect of salt stress on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conduct ...201526065619
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum bicolor using immature embryos.successful efforts describing in vitro culturing, regeneration, and transformation of grain sorghum were reported, using particle bombardment, as early as 1993, and with agrobacterium tumefaciens in 2000. reported transformation efficiencies via agrobacterium routinely range from 1 to 2%. recently, such efficiencies via agrobacterium in several plant species were improved with the use of heat and centrifugation treatments of explants prior to infection. here, we describe the successful use of he ...201222351003
rapid and efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum (sorghum bicolor) employing standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker.a rapid and efficient agrobacterium -mediated transformation system in sorghum has been developed employing standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker. sorghum (sorghum bicolor) is an important food and biofuel crop worldwide, for which improvements in genetic transformation are needed to study its biology and facilitate agronomic and commercial improvement. here, we report optimization of regeneration and transformation of public sorghum genotype p898012 using standard binary v ...201627350252
safety of street-vended soy wara in nigeria.soy wara is a common ready-to-eat food whose production and sale are currently unregulated. microbiological sampling indicated that 21% of the samples had standard plate counts exceeding 100,000 cfu/g, and 14% had staphylococcus aureus counts higher than 100,000 cfu/g. the occurrence of s. aureus at these levels can result in food poisoning. listeria monocytogenes was isolated in 14.4% of the samples, although the counts were generally low, typically <1,000 cfu/g. although counts of l. monocytog ...201626735046
host status of different bermudagrasses (cynodon spp.) for the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus.thirty-seven warm-season bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) accessions, two cool-season grasses (lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea), 'transvala' digitgrass (digitaria decumbens), and sorghum bicolor were evaluated to determine host suitability and susceptibility to the sting nematode, b. longicaudatus, in a 140-day microcell bioassay. all seven of the evaluated commercial cultivars of cynodon were suitable hosts for b. longicaudatus but varied in their tolerance to the nematode. 'midiron,' 'tifdwa ...199219283057
effect of cropping regime on populations of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri in sandy soil.the host efficiencies of corn, sorghum, soybean, and wheat were compared for a kansas population of belonolaimus sp. under greenhouse conditions. in a related field study conducted in 1989 and 1990, the responses of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri populations to eight cropping regimes were monitored at depths of 0-30 and 31-60 cm in sandy soil. with the exception of alfalfa, all crop species examined supported substantial increases in populations of both nematodes. largest nematode p ...199119283178
effect of sorghum-sudangrass and velvetbean cover crops on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with potato production in florida.in a 3-year field study, population densities of belonolaimus longicaudatus and other plant-parasitic nematodes and crop yields were compared between potato (solanum tuberosum) cropping systems where either sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. arundinaceum) or velvetbean (mucuna pruriens) was grown as a summer cover crop. population densities of b. longicaudatus, paratrichodorus minor, tylenchorhynchus sp., and mesocriconema sp. increased on sorghum-sudangrass. population densities of p. min ...200119265888
effect of tropical rotation crops on meloidogyne incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes.in a field experiment conducted on sandy soil in florida during the 1993 season, rotation crops of castor (ricinus communis), velvetbean (mucuna deeringina), 'mississippi silver' cowpea (vigna unguiculata), american jointvetch (aeschynomene americana), 'dehapine 51' cotton (gossypium hirsutum), and 'sx-17' sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. sudanense) were effective in maintaining low population densities (<12/100 cm(3) soil) of meloidogyne incognita race 1, whereas high population densiti ...199519277319
niche distribution of paratrichodorus minor and belonolaimus longicaudatus following fumigation on potato and cabbage.an experiment was conducted to determine population changes and niche variation in the soil at two depths (0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm) of paratrichodorus minor and belonolaimus longicaudatus populations following fumigation. eight plots each of potato (solanum tuberosum) and cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata), fumigated with 1, 3-dichloropropene or nonfumigated, were established. eight plots of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (sorghum bicolor x s. arundinaceum var. sudanense) were also used to ...200019270987
a foxtail mosaic virus vector for virus-induced gene silencing in maize.plant viruses have been widely used as vectors for foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (vigs). a limited number of viruses have been developed into viral vectors for the purposes of gene expression or vigs in monocotyledonous plants, and among these, the tripartite viruses brome mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus have been shown to induce vigs in maize (zea mays). we describe here a new dna-based vigs system derived from foxtail mosaic virus (fomv), a monopartite virus t ...201627208311
transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a β-1,3-glucanase from sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) show reduced callose deposition and increased tolerance to aluminium toxicity.seventy-one cultivars of sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) were screened for aluminium (al) tolerance by measuring relative root growth (rrg). two contrasting cultivars, roma (al tolerant) and potchetstrm (al sensitive), were selected to study shorter term responses to al stress. potchetstrm had higher callose synthase activity, lower β-1,3-glucanase activity and more callose deposition in the root apices during al treatment compared with roma. we monitored the expression of 12 genes involved i ...201525311645
salt tolerance and activity of antioxidative enzymes of transgenic finger millet overexpressing a vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase gene (sbvppase) from sorghum bicolor.a vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase cdna clone was isolated from sorghum bicolor (sbvppase) using end-to-end gene-specific primer amplification. it showed 80-90% homology at the nucleotide and 85-95% homology at the amino acid level with other vppases. the gene was introduced into expression vector pcambia1301 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv35s) promoter and transformed into agrobacterium tumifaciens strain lba4404 to infect embryogenic calli of finger millet (eleusine ...201424877670
plant carbohydrate binding module enhances activity of hybrid microbial cellulase enzyme.a synthetic, highly active cellulase enzyme suitable for in planta production may be a valuable tool for biotechnological approaches to develop transgenic biofuel crops with improved digestibility. here, we demonstrate that the addition of a plant derived carbohydrate binding module (cbm) to a synthetic glycosyl hydrolase improved the activity of the hydrolase in releasing sugar from plant biomass. a cel-hyb1-cbm enzyme was generated by fusing a hybrid microbial cellulase, cel-hyb1, with the cbm ...201223181066
transcriptional profiling of sorghum induced by methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid reveals cooperative regulation and novel gene responses.we have conducted a large-scale study of gene expression in the c4 monocot sorghum (sorghum bicolor) l. moench cv btx623 in response to the signaling compounds salicylic acid (sa), methyl jasmonate (meja), and the ethylene precursor aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid. expression profiles were generated from seedling root and shoot tissue at 3 and 27 h, using a microarray containing 12,982 nonredundant elements. data from 102 slides and quantitative reverse transcription-pcr data on mrna abundance ...200515863699
the draft genome sequence of the plant growth promoting rhizospheric bacterium enterobacter cloacae sbp-8.here, we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium enterobacter cloacae sbp-8 isolated from the rhizosphere of sorghum bicolor l. growing in desert region of rajasthan, india. from the genome sequences, we identified the genes encoding plant growth promoting properties such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (acds), phosphate solubilisation, siderophore, and iaa (indole acetic acid) production. the genes encoding different functions requ ...201728386532
identification and characterization of a heat-inducible hsp70 gene from sorghum bicolor which confers tolerance to thermal stress.this study describes the first detailed molecular characterization of the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene from sorghum bicolor, mn1618 designated as sbhsp70-1. the full-length cdna of sbhsp70-1 consists of 2524 bp with a 1950 bp open reading frame, which encodes a protein of 649 amino acids. sbhsp70-1 is a cytoplasmic protein with high homology to other plant hsp70s, especially grain crops. recombinant sbhsp70-1 was able to bind and hydrolyse atp in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that sb ...201526072391
characterization of four bifunctional plant iam/pam-amidohydrolases capable of contributing to auxin biosynthesis.amidases [ec 3.5.1.4] capable of converting indole-3-acetamide (iam) into the major plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) are assumed to be involved in auxin de novo biosynthesis. with the emerging amount of genomics data, it was possible to identify over forty proteins with substantial homology to the already characterized amidases from arabidopsis and tobacco. the observed high conservation of amidase-like proteins throughout the plant kingdom may suggest an important role of theses ...201427135507
dynamic nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat-encoding genes in the grass family.the proper use of resistance genes (r genes) requires a comprehensive understanding of their genomics and evolution. we analyzed genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeats in the genomes of rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and brachypodium distachyon. frequent deletions and translocations of r genes generated prevalent presence/absence polymorphism between different accessions/species. the deletions were caused by unequal crossover, homologo ...201222422941
simultaneous transcriptome analysis of sorghum and bipolaris sorghicola by using rna-seq in combination with de novo transcriptome assembly.the recent development of rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology has enabled us to analyze the transcriptomes of plants and their pathogens simultaneously. however, rna-seq often relies on aligning reads to a reference genome and is thus unsuitable for analyzing most plant pathogens, as their genomes have not been fully sequenced. here, we analyzed the transcriptomes of sorghum bicolor (l.) moench and its pathogen bipolaris sorghicola simultaneously by using rna-seq in combination with de novo tran ...201323638091
clinical efficacy of a west african sorghum bicolor-based traditional herbal preparation jobelyn shows increased hemoglobin and cd4+ t-lymphocyte counts in hiv-positive patients.the purpose of this study was to evaluate a traditional herbal preparation, jobelyn,® for its effects on anemia and cd4+ t-cell counts in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (hiv+) patients in nigeria.201424283768
reduction in phytic acid content and enhancement of antioxidant properties of nutricereals by processing for developing a fermented baby food.cereal blends containing pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and oat (avena sativa) in different ratios were processed (roasted and germinated) and also used as unprocessed flours followed by fermentation with lactobacillus sp. (lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus plantarum). they were screened for total phenolic content (tpc), phytic acid content (pac) and free radical scavenging activity (frsa). a formulation with the highest tpc, frsa and the lowest pac was selected ...201526028703
tropical rotation crops influence nematode densities and vegetable yields.the effects of eight summer rotation crops on nematode densities and yields of subsequent spring vegetable crops were determined in field studies conducted in north florida from 1991 to 1993. the crop sequence was as follows: (i) rotation crops during summer 1991; (ii) cover crop of rye (secale cereale) during winter 1991-92; (iii) 'lemondrop l' squash (cucurbita pepo) during spring 1992; (iv) rotation crops during summer 1992; (v) rye during winter 1992-93; (vi) 'classic' eggplant (solanum melo ...199419279897
effects of tropical rotation crops on meloidogyne arenaria population densities and vegetable yields in microplots.the effects of 12 summer crop rotation treatments on population densities of meloidogyne arenaria race 1 and on yields of subsequent spring vegetable crops were determined in microplots. the crop sequence was: (i) rotation crops during summer 1991 ; (ii) cover crop of rye (secale cereale) during winter 1991-92; (iii) squash (cucurbita pepo) during spring 1992; (iv) rotation crops during summer 1992; (v) rye during winter 1992-93; (vi) eggplant (solanum melongena) during spring 1993. the 12 rotat ...199419279880
evaluation of cover crops with potential for use in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) for susceptibility to three species of meloidogyne.several cover crops with potential for use in tropical and subtropical regions were assessed for susceptibility to three common species of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica. crops were selected based on potential use as organic amendments in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) applications. nematode juvenile (j2) numbers in soil and roots, egg production, and host plant root galling were evaluated on arugula (eruca sativa, cv. nemat), cowpea (vigna unguicula ...201324379486
tissue specific response of agrobacterium tumefaciens attachment to sorghum bicolor (l) moench.agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of plants have advantages over other methods, especially for making single copy transgenic plants with reduced chances of gene silencing and instability. however, monocotyledonous plant species could not utilize the full potential of this system because of possible limitations in agrobacterium interaction with monocot plant cells. agrobacterium attachment as a factor in genetic transformation was studied in the leaf, shoot apex, and leaf derived call ...200823572896
nutritive value, fermentation characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of sorghum silage treated with inoculants.fibrolytic enzymes and microbial inoculants have the potential to improve the value of sorghum feedstuff and feedstock. an experiment was conducted to determine nutritive value, ensiling characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of 4 sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) silage varieties: dairy master bmr (dbmr; brown midrib; richardson seed, vega, tx), ps 747 (ps; photoperiod sensitive; pogue seed, kenedy, tx), silo 700d (s700d; conventional forage type; richardson seed), and mmr 381/73 (mmr; ...201324035020
population dynamics of plant-parasitic nematodes on cover crops of corn and sorghum.buildup of plant-parasitic nematode populations on corn (zea mays), soybean (glycine max), and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) were compared in 1991 and 1992. final population densities (pf) of meloidogyne incognita were lower following sorghum than after soybean in both seasons, and pf after sorghum was lower than pf after corn in 1992. in both seasons, pf differed among the sorghum cultivars used. no differences in pf on corn, sorghum, and soybean were observed for criconemella spp. (a mixture of c. ...199319279793
comparison of nematode population densities on six summer crops at seven sites in north florida.densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were compared on six crops grown for forage during the summer of 1991 at seven sites in north central florida. the cropping treatments were 'howard' soybean (glycine max), 'deltapine 105' soybean, velvetbean (mucuna deeringiana), 'california blackeye #5' cowpea (vigna unguiculata), 'pioneer 3098' tropical corn (zea mays), and 'asgrow chaparral' sorghum (sorghum bicolor). highest final densities (pf) of meloidogyne incognita and criconemella spp. were obtain ...199219283048
nematode population changes and forage yields of six corn and sorghum cultivars.two temperate corn (zea mays) hybrids (pioneer 3320 and northrup king 508), two tropical corn cultivars (pioneer x304c hybrid and florida syn-1 experimental open pollinated cultivar), the sorghum (sorghum bicolor) x sudangrass (sorghum sudanense) hybrid dekalb sx-17, and the sorghum hybrid dekalb fs25e were compared for effect on nematode densities and forage yield in three plantings (one single-crop and one double-crop system) in florida. final population densities of meloidogyne incognita in t ...199119283183
nematode densities associated with corn and sorghum cropping systems in florida.final densities (pf) of meloidogyne incognita and pratylenchus spp. increased more than ten-fold over initial densities (pi) on corn (zea mays) cultivars grown at three sites in north florida. the pf of m. incognita following sorghum (sorghum bicolor) were much lower (p </=0.001) than pf following corn at the two sites in which sorghum was grown. at one of these sites, pf of m. incognita was </= 5/100 cm(3) soil, and at the other site pf < pi. at one site, population densities of criconemella sp ...199119283182
effect of crop rotation and tillage on nematode densities in tropical corn.effects of tillage and crop rotation on nematode densities in tropical corn (zea mays cv. pioneer x304c) were examined in a factorial experiment with two rotation crops and two tillage practices (no-till vs. conventional-till), conducted in each of three seasons (1990-1992) in north florida. the rotation treatments consisted of sorghum (sorghum bicolor cv. dekalb br64) or soybean (glycine max) grown during the 1989 season. densities of meloidogyne incognita (race 1) remained lower throughout the ...199319279846
effects of pratylenchus zeae and quinisulcius acutus alone and in combination on sorghum.host-parasite relationships of pratylenchus zeae and quinisulcius acutus, alone or in combination, were studied on sorghum in the greenhouse and laboratory. q. acutus at 1,000 or 5,000 nematodes per 15-cm-d pot and p. zeae at 500 nematodes per pot significantly suppressed plant height and fresh and oven dry shoot and root weights. a mixture of 1,000 q. acutus and 500 p. zeae per pot resulted in greatest suppression of growth. roots of plants inoculated with q. acutus alone were reduced in number ...198519294079
the effects of simultaneous application of plant growth regulators and bioaugmentation on improvement of phytoremediation of pyrene contaminated soils.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) refer to a wide group of soil contaminants whose presence in the environment is a cause of concern. the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of indole acetic acid (iaa) and pseudomonas aeruginosa on the phytoremediation activities of sorghum bicolor and increase in pyrene removal efficiency in the soil. the initial concentration of pyrene was 150 and 300 mg kg(-1) in this experiment. the treatments included unplanted soil (t0), planted soil with sor ...201627434251
production of pinostilbene compounds by the expression of resveratrol o-methyltransferase genes in escherichia coli.resveratrol (3,4',5-trans-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that belongs to a family of naturally occurring stilbenes. it has been reported that the health-promoting activities of certain methylated resveratrol derivatives are more effective than those of unmodified resveratrol. in this study, we isolated two candidate genes with resveratrol o-methyltransferase (romt) activity from grape (vitis riparia) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor). to assess their romt activities in vivo, we sy ...201424267561
effect of watering regimen on injury to corn and grain sorghum by pratylenchus species.the effect of simulated rainfall frequency on the pathogenicity of pratylenchus zeae and p. brachyurus was studied in four greenhouse experiments. corn and grain sorghum were watered at different intervals during predetermined cycles to create a gradient of water-stressed plants. each experiment included nematode and uninoculated treatments. growth reaction of plants to different frequencies of watering was significant but was not affected by the presence of nematodes. pratylenchus zeae numbers ...199319279822
suppression of meloidogyne chitwoodi with sudangrass cultivars as green manure.meloidogyne chitwoodi race 1 reproduced on piper sudangrass (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench), 332 (sudangrass hybrid), and p855f and p877f (sorghum-sudangrass hybrids), but failed to reproduce efficiently on trudan 8, trudex 9 (sudangrass hybrids), and sordan 79, ss-222, and bravo ii (sorghum-sudangrass hybrids). meloidogyne chitwoodi race 2 behaved similarly and reproduced more efficiently on piper, p855f, and p877f than on trudan 8, trudex 9, or sordan 79. the mean reproductive factor for m. chit ...199319279773
inheritance and identification of a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) that confers resistance to meloidogyne incognita and a novel qtl for plant height in sweet sorghum.southern root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne incognita) are a pest on many economically important row crop and vegetable species and management relies on chemicals, plant resistance, and cultural practices such as crop rotation. little is known about the inheritance of resistance to m. incognita or the genomic regions associated with resistance in sorghum (sorghum bicolor). in this study, an f2 population (n = 130) was developed between the resistant sweet sorghum cultivar 'honey drip' and the susc ...201526574655
effect of cadmium stress and inoculation with a heavy-metal-resistant bacterium on the growth and enzyme activity of sorghum bicolor.in this study, the influence of the heavy-metal-resistant rhizobacterial inoculant rhodococcus ruber n7 on the growth and enzyme activity of sorghum bicolor (l.) moench. under cadmium stress was investigated in quartz sand pot experiments. the effect of cadmium and bacterium on the plant biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, and the activities of plant-tissue enzymes such as peroxidase, laccase, and tyrosinase were estimated. it was shown that the presence of cadmium in ...201526066858
sucrose transporter localization and function in phloem unloading in developing stems.how sucrose transporters (suts) regulate phloem unloading in monocot stems is poorly understood and particularly so for species storing high suc concentrations. to this end, sorghum bicolor suts sbsut1 and sbsut5 were characterized by determining their transport properties heterologously expressed in yeast or xenopus laevis oocytes, and their in planta cellular and subcellular localization. the plasma membrane-localized sbsut1 and sbsut5 exhibited a strong selectivity for suc and high suc affini ...201727986867
phytoremediation using microbially mediated metal accumulation in sorghum bicolor.reclaiming land that has been anthropogenically contaminated with multiple heavy metal elements, e.g., during mining operations, is a growing challenge worldwide. the use of phytoremediation has been discussed with varying success. here, we show that a careful examination of options of microbial determination of plant performance is a key element in providing a multielement remediation option for such landscapes. we used both (a) mycorrhiza with rhizophagus irregularis and (b) bacterial amendmen ...201525874434
fermentation patterns of forage sorghum ensiled under different environmental conditions.the effects of temperature, aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the silo and plant characteristics [water-soluble carbohydrate (wsc) contents, growing season] on the fermentation characteristics of a tropical forage species, sorghum bicolor cv. sugar-drip, were investigated. silages fermented in oxygen-impermeable bags were well preserved and had low ph (3.7), high lactic acid [72 g kg(-1) dry matter (dm) ≡ 80% of total acids], and low butyric acid (0.12 g kg(-1) dm) and ammonia nitrogen (nh3-n) ...199124424934
the heterologous expression in arabidopsis thaliana of sorghum transcription factor sbbhlh1 downregulates lignin synthesis.basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) genes are important regulators of development in plants. sbbhlh1, a sorghum bicolor bhlh sequence, was isolated from a suppression subtractive hybridization library constructed using 13 independent brown midrib (bmr) mutants as the tester and wild-type sorghum as the driver. the gene was upregulated in at least five of the mutants at the five- to seven-leaf stage. using a yeast expression system, the n-terminal portion of sbbhlh1 was shown to be required for proper ...201323698629
genome- wide characterization of nuclear factor y (nf-y) gene family of sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench]: a bioinformatics approach.nuclear factor y (nf-y) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor (tf) complex with preferential binding to ccaat elements of promoters, regulating gene expression in most of the higher eukaryotes. the availability of plant genome sequences have revealed multiple number of genes coding for the three subunits, namely nf-ya, nf-yb and nf-yc in contrast to single nf-y gene for each subunit reported in yeast and animals. a total of 33 nf-ytf comprising of 8 nf-ya, 11 nf-yb and 14 nf-yc subunits were ...201627186017
pyrimidinyl-substituted amides and thioureas: syntheses, crystal structure and herbicidal activities.the high herbicidal activities of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine and 2h-1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives suggested the development of new fused heterocyclic compounds for application as herbicides.200818080290
[effects of exogenous lead on the growth and lead accumulation characteristics of roadside dominant herbaceous plants in shanxi province].a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentration (0, 500, 1000, 1500 mg x kg(-1)) lead (pb) on the growth and pb absorption and accumulation of 14 roadside dominant herbaceous plants in shanxi province. with increasing pb concentration in the pot, amaranthus retroflexus and sorghum bicolor x s. sudanese appeared obviously toxic symptoms, while the other 12 test plants had higher pb tolerance, with no significant decrease in their plant height and biomass, ...201122097358
insect and plant-derived mirnas in greenbug (schizaphis graminum) and yellow sugarcane aphid (sipha flava) revealed by deep sequencing.schizaphis graminum (green bug; gb) and sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid; ysa) are two cereal aphid species with broad host ranges capable of establishing on sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and several switchgrass (panicum virgatum) cultivars. switchgrass and sorghum are staple renewable bioenergy crops that are vulnerable to damage by aphids, therefore, identifying novel targets to control aphids has the potential to drastically improve yields and reduce losses in these bioenergy crops. despite th ...201727838454
identification of bioconversion quantitative trait loci in the interspecific cross sorghum bicolor × sorghum propinquum.for lignocellulosic bioenergy to be economically viable, genetic improvements must be made in feedstock quality including both biomass total yield and conversion efficiency. toward this goal, multiple studies have considered candidate genes and discovered quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with total biomass accumulation and/or grain production in bioenergy grass species including maize and sorghum. however, very little research has been focused on genes associated with increased biomass c ...201323836384
algerian pearl millet ( pennisetum glaucum l.) contains xip but not taxi and tlxi type xylanase inhibitors.an xip (xylanase inhibiting protein) type xylanase inhibitor was purified from algerian pearl millet ( pennisetum glaucum l.) grains and characterized for the first time. cation exchange and affinity chromatography with immobilized trichoderma longibrachiatum glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 11 xylanase resulted in electrophoretically pure protein with a molecular mass of 27-29 kda and a pi value of 6.7. the experimentally determined n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified xip protein is 8 ...200919459708
functional characterization of two clusters of brachypodium distachyon udp-glycosyltransferases encoding putative deoxynivalenol detoxification genes.plant small-molecule udp-glycosyltransferases (ugt) glycosylate a vast number of endogenous substances but also act in detoxification of metabolites produced by plant-pathogenic microorganisms. the ability to inactivate the fusarium graminearum mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) into don-3-o-glucoside is crucial for resistance of cereals. we analyzed the ugt gene family of the monocot model species brachypodium distachyon and functionally characterized two gene clusters containing putative orthologs ...201323550529
complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera, and comparative analyses with other grass genomes. 200727520091
complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera, and comparative analyses with other grass genomes.comparisons of complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera to six published grass chloroplast genomes reveal that gene content and order are similar but two microstructural changes have occurred. first, the expansion of the ir at the ssc/ira boundary that duplicates a portion of the 5' end of ndhh is restricted to the three genera of the subfamily pooideae (agrostis, hordeum and triticum). second, a 6 bp deletion in ndhk is shared by agrosti ...200717534593
prospecting sugarcane resistance to sugarcane yellow leaf virus by genome-wide association.using gwas approaches, we detected independent resistant markers in sugarcane towards a vectored virus disease. based on comparative genomics, several candidate genes potentially involved in virus/aphid/plant interactions were pinpointed. yellow leaf of sugarcane is an emerging viral disease whose causal agent is a polerovirus, the sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) transmitted by aphids. to identify quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to yellow leaf which are of direct relevance for ...201424916990
factors modulating the levels of the allelochemical sorgoleone in sorghum bicolor.sorgoleone is the major component of the hydrophobic root exudate of sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench]. the presence of this allelochemical is intrinsically linked to root growth and the development of mature root hairs. however, factors modulating root formation and the biosynthesis of sorgoleone are not well known. sorgoleone production was independent of early stages of plant development. the optimum temperature for root growth and sorgoleone production was 30 degrees c. seedling developm ...200616402225
biogas digestates affect crop p uptake and soil microbial community composition.fermentation residues from biogas production are known as valuable organic fertilisers. this study deals with the effect of cattle slurry, co-digested cattle slurry, co-digested energy crops and mineral fertilisers on the activity and composition of soil microbiota. furthermore, the effect of solid-liquid separation as a common pre-treatment of digestate was tested. the fertilising effects were analysed in an 8-week pot experiment on loamy sand using two crops, amaranthus cruentus and sorghum bi ...201626410342
effectiveness of phytoremediation technologies to clean up of metalloids using three plant species in iran.phytoremediation is a potential, innovative, and cost-effective technology for non-destructive remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils. a field trial was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiencies of three plants and the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) or ammonium addition [(nh4)2so4 and nh4no3] for assisting removal of heavy metals (pb, hg, and cd) from contaminated soil. the tested plants include amaranthus retroflexus, sorghum bicolor, and lolium perrene. ...201424617109
biochemical characterization of metabolism-based atrazine resistance in amaranthus tuberculatus and identification of an expressed gst associated with resistance.rapid detoxification of atrazine in naturally tolerant crops such as maize (zea mays) and grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor) results from glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity. in previous research, two atrazine-resistant waterhemp (amaranthus tuberculatus) populations from illinois, u.s.a. (designated acr and mcr), displayed rapid formation of atrazine-glutathione (gsh) conjugates, implicating elevated rates of metabolism as the resistance mechanism. our main objective was to utilize protein pu ...201728218978
overexpression of sbap37 in rice alleviates concurrent imposition of combination stresses and modulates different sets of leaf protein profiles.sbap37 transcription factor contributes to a combination of abiotic stresses when applied simultaneously in rice. it modulates a plethora of proteins that might regulate the downstream pathways to impart salt stress tolerance. apetala type of transcription factor was isolated from sorghum bicolor (sbap37), overexpressed in rice using a salt inducible abscisic acid 2 (aba2) promoter through agrobacterium tumefaciens following in planta method. transgenics were confirmed by pcr amplification of sb ...201728393269
differential growth response of various crop species to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation.to investigate the growth response of various crop species to mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were applied to glycine max, vigna angularis, senna tora, hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon. zea mays, sorghum bicolor, allium tuberosum, solanum melongena, and capsicum annuum. the biomass of the inoculated crops was measured every two weeks for the 12-week growth period. by measuring biomass, we calculated the mycorrhizal responsiveness of the nine crop species. among the nine cro ...200923983512
patterns of light and nitrogen distribution in relation to whole canopy carbon gain in c3 and c4 mono- and dicotyledonous species.an analytical model was used to describe the optimal nitrogen distribution. from this model, it was hypothesized that the non-uniformity of the nitrogen distribution increases with the canopy extinction rate for light and the total amount of free nitrogen in the canopy, and that it is independent of the slope of the relation between light saturated photosynthesis (pm) and leaf nitrogen content (nl). these hypotheses were tested experimentally for plants with inherently different architectures an ...199528306967
the wheat lr34 multi-pathogen resistance gene confers resistance to anthracnose and rust in sorghum.the ability of the wheat lr34 multi-pathogen resistance gene (lr34res) to function across a wide taxonomic boundary was investigated in transgenic sorghum bicolor. increased resistance to sorghum rust and anthracnose disease symptoms following infection with the biotrophic pathogen puccinia purpurea and the hemibiotroph colletotrichum sublineolum respectively occurred in transgenic plants expressing the lr34res abc transporter. transgenic sorghum lines that highly expressed the wheat lr34res gen ...201728301718
tissue distribution of beta-cyanoalanine synthase in leaves.beta-cyanoalanine synthase, which catalyzes the reaction between cysteine and hcn to form beta-cyanoalanine and h(2)s, was assayed in leaf tissues from cyanogenic (sorghum bicolor x sorghum sudanense [sorghum]) and noncyanogenic (pisum sativum [pea], zea mays [maize], and allium porrum [leek]) plants. the activity in whole leaf extracts ranged from 33 nanomoles per gram fresh weight per minute in leeks, to 1940 nanomoles per gram fresh weight per minute in sorghum. the specific activities of bet ...198416663772
sbhkt1;4, a member of the high-affinity potassium transporter gene family from sorghum bicolor, functions to maintain optimal na⁺ /k⁺ balance under na⁺ stress.in halophytic plants, the high-affinity potassium transporter hkt gene family can selectively uptake k⁺ in the presence of toxic concentrations of na⁺. this has so far not been well examined in glycophytic crops. here, we report the characterization of sbhkt1;4, a member of the hkt gene family from sorghum bicolor. upon na⁺ stress, sbhkt1;4 expression was more strongly upregulated in salt-tolerant sorghum accession, correlating with a better balanced na⁺ /k⁺ ratio and enhanced plant growth. hete ...201424325391
single nucleotide polymorphism discovery via genotyping by sequencing to assess population genetic structure and recurrent polyploidization in andropogon gerardii.autopolyploidy, genome duplication within a single lineage, can result in multiple cytotypes within a species. geographic distributions of cytotypes may reflect the evolutionary history of autopolyploid formation and subsequent population dynamics including stochastic (drift) and deterministic (differential selection among cytotypes) processes. here, we used a population genomic approach to investigate whether autopolyploidy occurred once or multiple times in andropogon gerardii, a widespread, n ...201627466055
the use of stable carbon isotope analysis in rooting studies.stable carbon isotope analysis was evaluated as a means of predicting the relative proportions of c3 and c4 root phytomass in species mixtures. the following mixtures of c3 and c4 species were used: 1) big bluestem (andropogon gerardii)/cheatgrass (bromus tectorum), 2) little bluestem (schizachyrium scoparium)/cheatgrass, and 3) sorghum (sorghum bicolor)/sunflower (helianthus annuus). there was a significant correlation (p<0.01) between % c4 phytomass and stable carbon isotope values for each of ...198528311309
using genotyping by sequencing to map two novel anthracnose resistance loci in sorghum bicolor.colletotrichum sublineola is an aggressive fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose in sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench]. the obvious symptoms of anthracnose are leaf blight and stem rot. sorghum, the fifth most widely grown cereal crop in the world, can be highly susceptible to the disease, most notably in hot and humid environments. in the southeastern united states the acreage of sorghum has been increasing steadily in recent years, spurred by growing interest in producing biofuels, bio-ba ...201627194807
casul: a new lectin isolated from calliandra surinamensis leaf pinnulae with cytotoxicity to cancer cells, antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm effect.this work describes the isolation of a lectin (casul) from the leaf pinnulae of calliandra surinamensis and the evaluation of its cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. proteins from pinnulae extract were precipitated with ammonium sulphate (60% saturation) and submitted to sephadex g-75 chromatography, which yielded isolated casul (purification factor: 113). native casul is an acidic protein (pi 5.82) with a relative molecular mass of 48kda. this lectin is also an oligomeric prote ...201728174088
in vitro activity of sorghum bicolor extracts, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, against toxoplasma gondii.we investigated dried red leaf extracts of sorghum bicolor for activity against toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. s. bicolor red leaf extracts were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation using ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. analysis of the crude and fractionated extracts from s. bicolor using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms) showed that they contained significant amounts of apigeninidin, luteolinidin, 7-methoxyapigeninidin, 5-methoxyapigeninidin, 5-methoxyluteolinidin, ...201626855040
catchup: a web database for spatiotemporally regulated genes.for proper control of biological activity, some key genes are highly expressed in a particular spatiotemporal domain. mining of such spatiotemporally expressed genes using large-scale gene expression data derived from a broad range of experimental sources facilitates our understanding of genome-scale functional gene networks. however, comprehensive information on spatiotemporally expressed genes is lacking in plants. to collect such information, we devised a new index, δdmax, which is the maximu ...201728013273
evolution and structural diversification of nictaba-like lectin genes in food crops with a focus on soybean (glycine max).the nictaba family groups all proteins that show homology to nictaba, the tobacco lectin. so far, nictaba and an arabidopsis thaliana homologue have been shown to be implicated in the plant stress response. the availability of more than 50 sequenced plant genomes provided the opportunity for a genome-wide identification of nictaba-like genes in 15 species, representing members of the fabaceae, poaceae, solanaceae, musaceae, arecaceae, malvaceae and rubiaceae. additionally, phylogenetic relations ...201728087663
effects of soil amendments at a heavy loading rate associated with cover crops as green manures on the leaching of nutrients and heavy metals from a calcareous soil.the potential risk of groundwater contamination by the excessive leaching of n, p and heavy metals from soils amended at heavy loading rates of biosolids, coal ash, n-viro soil (1:1 mixture of coal ash and biosolids), yard waste compost and co-compost (3:7 mixture of biosolids to yard wastes), and by soil incorporation of green manures of sunn hemp (crotalaria juncea) and sorghum sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. bicolor var. sudanense) was studied by collecting and analyzing leachates from pots ...200314649715
the primary root of sorghum bicolor (l. moench) as a model system to study brassinosteroid signaling in crops.roots anchor plants to the soil and are essential for a successful plant growth and adaptation to the environment. research on the primary root in the plant model system arabidopsis thaliana has yielded important advances in the molecular and cellular understanding of root growth and development. several studies have uncovered how the hormones brassinosteroids (brs) control cell cycle and differentiation programs through different cell-specific signaling pathways that are key for root growth and ...201728124255
fine mapping and chromosome walking towards the ror1 locus in barley (hordeum vulgare l.).the ror1 gene was fine-mapped to the pericentric region of barley chromosome 1hl. recessively inherited loss-of-function alleles of the barley (hordeum vulgare) mildew resistance locus o (mlo) gene confer durable broad-spectrum disease resistance against the obligate biotrophic fungal powdery mildew pathogen blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. previous genetic analyses revealed two barley genes, ror1 and ror2, that are required for mlo-specified resistance and basal defence. while ror2 was cloned an ...201324042571
novel platensimycin derivatives with herbicidal activity.faced with the need to develop herbicides with different modes of action on account of weed resistance to existing herbicides, the sesquiterpene lactones can be the starting point in the search for new bioactive compounds. lumisantonin and five novel amides have been evaluated against two monocotyledons and three dicotyledons.201625914183
prediction of plant pre-micrornas and their micrornas in genome-scale sequences using structure-sequence features and support vector machine.micrornas (mirnas) are a family of non-coding rnas approximately 21 nucleotides in length that play pivotal roles at the post-transcriptional level in animals, plants and viruses. these molecules silence their target genes by degrading transcription or suppressing translation. studies have shown that mirnas are involved in biological responses to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. identification of these molecules and their targets can aid the understanding of regulatory processes. recent ...201425547126
constans is a photoperiod regulated activator of flowering in sorghum.sorghum genotypes used for grain production in temperate regions are photoperiod insensitive and flower early avoiding adverse environments during the reproductive phase. in contrast, energy sorghum hybrids are highly photoperiod sensitive with extended vegetative phases in long days, resulting in enhanced biomass accumulation. sbprr37 and sbghd7 contribute to photoperiod sensitivity in sorghum by repressing expression of sbehd1 and ft-like genes, thereby delaying flowering in long days with min ...201424884377
are sucrose transporter expression profiles linked with patterns of biomass partitioning in sorghum phenotypes?sorghum bicolor is a genetically diverse c4 monocotyledonous species, encompassing varieties capable of producing high grain yields as well as sweet types which accumulate soluble sugars (predominantly sucrose) within their stems to high concentrations. sucrose produced in leaves (sources) enters the phloem and is transported to regions of growth and storage (sinks). it is likely that sucrose transporter (sut) proteins play pivotal roles in phloem loading and the delivery of sucrose to growth an ...201323805151
a single amino acid substitution in an orange protein promotes carotenoid overaccumulation in arabidopsis.carotenoids are crucial for plant growth and human health. the finding of orange (or) protein as a pivotal regulator of carotenogenesis offers a unique opportunity to comprehensively understand the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation and develop crops with enhanced nutritional quality. here, we demonstrated that alteration of a single amino acid in a wild-type or greatly enhanced its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. whereas overexpression of or from arabidopsis (arabidops ...201526224804
use of complementary medicine amongst patients on antiretroviral drugs in an hiv treatment centre in lagos, nigeria.traditional herbal remedies have been used to treat many ailments in nigeria but the safety of herbal remedies has been the major concerns to many people especially when the chemical constituents of the products are not known. this study is therefore designed to evaluate the prevalence of use of complementary drugs with antiretroviral (arv) therapy and possible treatment outcome of the concurrent utilization of these therapeutic agents. a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 354 hiv patients at ...201222873496
genome-wide analysis of alternative splicing landscapes modulated during plant-virus interactions in brachypodium distachyon.in eukaryotes, alternative splicing (as) promotes transcriptome and proteome diversity. the extent of genome-wide as changes occurring during a plant-microbe interaction is largely unknown. here, using high-throughput, paired-end rna sequencing, we generated an isoform-level spliceome map of brachypodium distachyon infected with panicum mosaic virus and its satellite virus. overall, we detected ∼44,443 transcripts in b. distachyon, ∼30% more than those annotated in the reference genome. expressi ...201525634987
plant omics data center: an integrated web repository for interspecies gene expression networks with nlp-based curation.comprehensive integration of large-scale omics resources such as genomes, transcriptomes and metabolomes will provide deeper insights into broader aspects of molecular biology. for better understanding of plant biology, we aim to construct a next-generation sequencing (ngs)-derived gene expression network (gen) repository for a broad range of plant species. so far we have incorporated information about 745 high-quality mrna sequencing (mrna-seq) samples from eight plant species (arabidopsis thal ...201525505034
biodepollution of wastewater containing phenolic compounds from leather industry by plant peroxidases.this study deals with the use of peroxidases (poxs) from allium sativum, ipomoea batatas, raphanus sativus and sorghum bicolor to catalyze the degradation of free phenolic compounds as well as phenolic compounds contained in wastewater from leather industry. secretory plant poxs were able to catalyze the oxidation of gallic acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol and 1,4-tyrosol prepared in ethanol 2% (v:v). efficiency of peroxidase catalysis depends strongly on the chemical nature ...201120803235
identification and functional characterization of bidirectional gene pairs and their intergenic regions in maize.bidirectional gene pairs exist as a specific form of gene organization in microorganisms and mammals as well as in model plant species, such as arabidopsis and rice. little is known about bidirectional gene pairs in maize, which has a large genome and is one of the most important grain crops.201424886269
aerobic biodegradation of azo dye by bacillus cohnii mtcc 3616; an obligately alkaliphilic bacterium and toxicity evaluation of metabolites by different bioassay systems.an obligate alkaliphilic bacterium bacillus cohnii mtcc 3616 aerobically decolorized a textile azo dye direct red-22 (5,000 mg l⁻¹) with 95 % efficiency at 37 °c and ph 9 in 4 h under static conditions. the decolorization of direct red-22 (dr-22) was possible through a broad ph (7-11), temperature (10-45 °c), salinity (1-7 %), and dye concentration (5-10 g l⁻¹) range. decolorization of dye was assessed by uv-vis spectrophotometer with reduction of peak intensity at 549 nm (λ(max)). biodegradatio ...201323070653
utilization of a high-throughput shoot imaging system to examine the dynamic phenotypic responses of a c4 cereal crop plant to nitrogen and water deficiency over time.the use of high-throughput phenotyping systems and non-destructive imaging is widely regarded as a key technology allowing scientists and breeders to develop crops with the ability to perform well under diverse environmental conditions. however, many of these phenotyping studies have been optimized using the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, the plant accelerator(®) at the university of adelaide, australia, was used to investigate the growth and phenotypic response of the importan ...201525697789
higher sterol content regulated by cyp51 with concomitant lower phospholipid content in membranes is a common strategy for aluminium tolerance in several plant species.several studies have shown that differences in lipid composition and in the lipid biosynthetic pathway affect the aluminium (al) tolerance of plants, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences. phospholipids create a negative charge at the surface of the plasma membrane and enhance al sensitivity as a result of the accumulation of positively charged al(3+) ions. the phospholipids will be balanced by other electrically neutral lipids, such as sterols. in the p ...201525416794
genome-wide association study of grain polyphenol concentrations in global sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench] germplasm.identifying natural variation of health-promoting compounds in staple crops and characterizing its genetic basis can help improve human nutrition through crop biofortification. some varieties of sorghum, a staple cereal crop grown worldwide, have high concentrations of proanthocyanidins and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. we quantified total phenols, proanthocyanidins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in a global sorghum diversity panel (n = 381) us ...201425272193
integrated syntenic and phylogenomic analyses reveal an ancient genome duplication in monocots.unraveling widespread polyploidy events throughout plant evolution is a necessity for inferring the impacts of whole-genome duplication (wgd) on speciation, functional innovations, and to guide identification of true orthologs in divergent taxa. here, we employed an integrated syntenic and phylogenomic analyses to reveal an ancient wgd that shaped the genomes of all commelinid monocots, including grasses, bromeliads, bananas (musa acuminata), ginger, palms, and other plants of fundamental, agric ...201425082857
the ocl3 promoter from sorghum bicolor directs gene expression to abscission and nutrient-transfer zones at the bases of floral organs.during seed fill in cereals, nutrients are symplasmically unloaded to vascular parenchyma in ovules, but thereafter nutrient transport is less certain. in zea mays, two mechanisms of nutrient passage through the chalaza and nucellus have been hypothesized, apoplasmic and symplasmic. in a recent study, nutrients first passed non-selectively to the chalazal apoplasm and were then selectively absorbed by the nucellus before being released to the endosperm apoplasm. this study reports that the promo ...201425081518
amplification of aba biosynthesis and signaling through a positive feedback mechanism in seeds.abscisic acid is an essential hormone for seed dormancy. our previous study using the plant gene switch system, a chemically induced gene expression system, demonstrated that induction of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (nced), a rate-limiting aba biosynthesis gene, was sufficient to suppress germination in imbibed arabidopsis seeds. here, we report development of an efficient experimental system that causes amplification of nced expression during seed maturation. the system was created with a ...201424520869
genome-wide characterization of major intrinsic proteins in four grass plants and their non-aqua transport selectivity profiles with comparative perspective.major intrinsic proteins (mips), commonly known as aquaporins, transport not only water in plants but also other substrates of physiological significance and heavy metals. in most of the higher plants, mips are divided into five subfamilies (pips, tips, nips, sips and xips). herein, we identified 68, 42, 38 and 28 full-length mips, respectively in the genomes of four monocot grass plants, specifically panicum virgatum, setaria italica, sorghum bicolor and brachypodium distachyon. phylogenetic an ...201627327960
nj cluster analysis of the snrk2, pyr/pyl/rcar, and abf genes in tibetan hulless barley.the abscisic acid (aba) signaling pathway is known as one of the most important signaling pathways in plants and is mediated by multiple regulators. the genes snrk2, pyr/pyl/rcar, and abf are relevant to both aba-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. to elucidate the profile of these genes from tibetan hulless barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. nudum hook. f.), we collected available sequences from rna-seq data, together with ncbi data from five other model plant species (arabidopsis thali ...201627819745
evaluation of genome sequencing quality in selected plant species using expressed sequence tags.with the completion of genome sequencing projects for more than 30 plant species, large volumes of genome sequences have been produced and stored in online databases. advancements in sequencing technologies have reduced the cost and time of whole genome sequencing enabling more and more plants to be subjected to genome sequencing. despite this, genome sequence qualities of multiple plants have not been evaluated.201323922843
short communication an efficient method for simultaneous extraction of high-quality rna and dna from various plant tissues.determination of gene expression is an important tool to study biological processes and relies on the quality of the extracted rna. changes in gene expression profiles may be directly related to mutations in regulatory dna sequences or alterations in dna cytosine methylation, which is an epigenetic mark. correlation of gene expression with dna sequence or epigenetic mark polymorphism is often desirable; for this, a robust protocol to isolate high-quality rna and dna simultaneously from the same ...201526782533
genome-wide computational prediction and analysis of core promoter elements across plant monocots and dicots.transcription initiation, essential to gene expression regulation, involves recruitment of basal transcription factors to the core promoter elements (cpes). the distribution of currently known cpes across plant genomes is largely unknown. this is the first large scale genome-wide report on the computational prediction of cpes across eight plant genomes to help better understand the transcription initiation complex assembly. the distribution of thirteen known cpes across four monocots (brachypodi ...201324205361
conservation, divergence, and genome-wide distribution of pal and pox a gene families in plants.genome-wide identification and phylogenetic and syntenic comparison were performed for the genes responsible for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) and peroxidase a (pox a) enzymes in nine plant species representing very diverse groups like legumes (glycine max and medicago truncatula), fruits (vitis vinifera), cereals (sorghum bicolor, zea mays, and oryza sativa), trees (populus trichocarpa), and model dicot (arabidopsis thaliana) and monocot (brachypodium distachyon) species. a total of 87 and ...201323671845
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