Publications

stomatal behavior and water status of maize, sorghum, and tobacco under field conditions: i. at high soil water potential.	diurnal changes in the vertical profiles of irradiance incident upon the adaxial leaf surface (i), stomatal resistance (r(s)), leaf water potential (psi), osmotic potential (pi), and turgor potential (p) were followed concurrently in crops of maize (zea mays l. var. pa 602a), sorghum (sorghum bicolor [l.] moench var. rs610), and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. var. havanna seed 211) on several days in 1968 to 1970 when soil water potentials were high. in all three crops the r(s), measured with a v ...	1973	16658292
decarboxylation of malate by isolated bundle-sheath cells of certain plants having the c4-dicarboxylic acid cycle of photosynthesis.	bundle-sheath cells isolated by the grinding and filtration procedure of edwards and black (1971b) from species of plants having the c4-dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis were tested for the decarboxylation of malate from the c4-carboxyl position. the bundle-sheath cells, which showed high malic enzyme activity in extracts, decarboxylated 4[(14)c]malate at rates sufficient to be involved in photosynthesis. the malate decarboxylation is dependent on the addition of magnesium or manganese ...	1973	24468846
stomatal behavior and water status of maize, sorghum, and tobacco under field conditions: ii. at low soil water potential.	diurnal changes in the vertical profiles of irradiance incident upon the adaxial leaf surface (i), leaf resistance (r(1)), leaf water potential (psi), osmotic potential (pi), and turgor potential (p) were followed concurrently in crops of maize (zea mays l. cv. pa602a), sorghum (sorghum bicolor [l.] moench cv. rs 610), and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. havanna seed 211) on several days in 1968 to 1970 when soil water potentials were low. the r(1), measured with a ventilated diffusion poromet ...	1974	16658706
distribution of nitrate-assimilating enzymes between mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath cells in leaves of three groups of c(4) plants.	intercellular distribution of enzymes involved in amino nitrogen synthesis was studied in leaves of species representing three c(4) groups, i.e. sorghum bicolor, zea mays, digitaria sanguinalis (nadp malic enzyme type); panicum miliaceum (nad malic enzyme type); and panicum maximum (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type). nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase were predominantly localized in mesophyll cells of all the species, except in p. maximum whe ...	1976	16659590
the effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species.	the effect of humidity on the gas exchange of leaves of the dicotyledons soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), jojoba (simmondsia chinensis (l.) schneider), and saltbush (atriplex halimus l.) and the monocotyledons wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) was examined under conditions of adequate soil moisture in a controlled environment. photosynthesis a ...	1977	24419571
stomatal and nonstomatal regulation of water use in cotton, corn, and sorghum.	stomata of corn (zea mays l.) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) responded to changes in leaf water potential during the vegetative growth phase. during reproductive growth, leaf resistances were minimal and stomata were no longer sensitive to bulk leaf water status even when leaf water potentials approached -27 bars. stomata of corn, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), and sorghum appear to respond to changes in the humidity deficit between the leaf and air and in this manner, regulated transpiration ...	1977	16660199
photochemical dimerization of ferulic acid by chloroplasts from sorghum.	sorghum (sorghum bicolor) chloroplasts, lamellar fragments, and triton x-100 solubilized preparations catalyze a blue and red light-sensitized oxidation of ferulic acid to its beta-beta-linked dimer and its hydrolysis product, the acid dimer. exogenous superoxide dismutase had no effect, and catalase and 1 to 10 mm kcn inhibited this photooxidative dimerization only in detergent-treated chloroplasts. it is postulated that the final oxidant is h(2)o(2), formed by light-induced photosystem i elect ...	1977	16659796
studies on the specificity and site of action of alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-[p-methoxyphenyl]-5-pyrimidine methyl alcohol (ancymidol), a plant growth regulator.	alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-[p-methoxyphenyl]-5-pyrimidine methyl alcohol (ancymidol) is an inhibitor of ent-kaur-16-ene oxidation in microsomal preparations from the liquid endosperm of immature marah macrocarpus seeds. the k(i) for this inhibitor is about 2 x 10(-9)m. ancymidol also blocks ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol and ent-kaur-16-en-19-al oxidation by the same preparations with a similar efficiency, but does not significantly inhibit ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid oxidation. ancymidol appears to be specif ...	1978	16660561
microbial changes in sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor) juices.	juice freshly expressed from sorghum bicolor for making sweet sorghum syrup contained 10 microorganisms per ml. the dominant bacterium was leuconostoc mesenteroides, followed by gram-negative rods. lactobacilli, yeasts, and nonfecal coliform bacteria each comprised about 1% of the microbial population. spoilage of juice, manifested by a sour odor, discoloration, and foaming, occurred between 5 and 12 h at ambient temperatures. spoilage was correlated with a drop in ph from 4.9 to 4.5 l. mesenter ...	1981	16345838
maize stripe virus: characteristics of a member of a new virus class.	an unusual filamentous nucleoprotein about 3 nm in diameter was consistently associated with maize stripe-diseased maize. antiserum to purified nucleoprotein neutralized the infectivity of extracts from maize stripe-diseased plants suggesting that the nucleoprotein was the maize stripe virus (mstpv). the rate-zonal sedimentation pattern of the nucleoprotein on sucrose gradients was polydisperse between 51 and 70 s. cscl isopycnic centrifugation of combined nucleoprotein zones from sucrose gradie ...	1981	18635064
the specificity of proanthocyanidin-protein interactions.	the proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins, phenolic polymers which are synthesized by many plants, characteristically bind and precipitate proteins. the specificity of the interaction was investigated using a competitive binding assay to compare directly the affinities of various proteins and synthetic polymers for the tannin obtained from sorghum bicolor (lin.) moench. at ph 4.9, the relative affinities range over more than 4 orders of magnitude, indicating that this proanthocyanidin interacts ...	1981	7217094
correction of flow resistances of plants measured from covered and exposed leaves.	the difference in water potential between an enclosed nontranspiring leaf and an adjacent exposed transpiring leaf, and the transpiration rate of a similarly exposed leaf, were used to calculate the change in hydraulic resistance of sorghum (sorghum bicolor [l.] moench) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) leaves throughout the day and at various rates of transpiration. since cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves enclosed in aluminum foil alone had enclosed leaf water potentials about 0.06 megap ...	1981	16662056
differential uptake of mercury vapor by gramineous c(3) and c(4) plants.	the uptake of mercury vapor by six gramineous plant species was compared under uniform conditions using a whole-plant chamber and (203)hg-labeled mercury at a low atmospheric concentration. mean hg uptake by leaves of the c(3) species oats (avena sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), and wheat (triticum aestivum) was 5 times greater than that by leaves of the c(4) species corn (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and crabgrass (digitaria sanguinalis). although there was a difference in resistance ...	1983	16663117
species variation in kinetic properties of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.	several kinetic parameters of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase/oxygenase from different species were measured and compared. the co2/o2 specificity (vcko/vokc) was found to be about 80 in the enzymes from several c3 species and two c4 species. specificity values of 58 and 70, respectively, were found in enzymes from the c4 plants setaria italica and sorghum bicolor. two enzymes from cyanobacteria had values of about 50. substitution of mn2+ for mg2+ reduced the co2/o2 specificity by a ...	1983	6582802
enhanced mineral uptake by zea mays and sorghum bicolor roots inoculated with azospirillum brasilense.	inoculation of corn (zea mays) seeds with azospirillum brasilense strain cd or sp 7 significantly enhanced (30 to 50% over controls) the uptake of no(3), k, and h(2)po(4) into 3- to 4-day- and 2-week-old root segments. no gross changes in root morphology were observed; altered cell arrangement in the outer four or five layers of the cortex was seen in photomicrographs of cross sections of inoculated corn roots. the surface activity involved in ion uptake probably increased, as shown by the darke ...	1983	16346311
enumeration and localization of n(2)-fixing bacteria associated with roots of spartina alterniflora loisel.	numbers and possible locations of n(2)-fixing bacteria were investigated in roots of spartina alterniflora loisel, which support nitrogenase activity in the undisturbed native habitat. n(2)-fixing bacteria were recovered in cultures both from s. alterniflora roots and from the surrounding sediment, and they formed a greater proportion of the bacteria recovered from root homogenates than from salt-marsh sediment. n(2)-fixing bacteria were recovered in high numbers from the rhizoplane of s. altern ...	1983	16346321
dark/light modulation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity in plants from different photosynthetic categories.	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubpcase) from several plants had substantially greater activity in extracts from lightexposed leaves than dark leaves, even when the extracts were incubated in vitro with saturating hco(3) (-) and mg(2+) concentrations. this occurred in glycine max, lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum, panicum bisulcatum, and p. hylaeicum (c(3)); p. maximum (c(4) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase); p. milioides (c(3)/c(4)); and bromelia pinguin and ananas como ...	1984	16663937
responses of sorghum and pennisetum species to the n(2)-fixing bacterium azospirillum brasilense.	three field inoculation experiments, two in florida and one in new mexico, were conducted with azospirillum brasilense cd. each of the florida experiments evaluated two crop species. one species in each of the florida experiments responded to inoculation with a significant dry matter yield increases of 11 to 24% and nitrogen yield increases of 9 to 39%. no inoculation response was noted in the new mexico experiment. the responding species were sorghum bicolor (l.) moench (sorghum) and the inters ...	1984	16346571
tissue distribution of beta-cyanoalanine synthase in leaves.	beta-cyanoalanine synthase, which catalyzes the reaction between cysteine and hcn to form beta-cyanoalanine and h(2)s, was assayed in leaf tissues from cyanogenic (sorghum bicolor x sorghum sudanense [sorghum]) and noncyanogenic (pisum sativum [pea], zea mays [maize], and allium porrum [leek]) plants. the activity in whole leaf extracts ranged from 33 nanomoles per gram fresh weight per minute in leeks, to 1940 nanomoles per gram fresh weight per minute in sorghum. the specific activities of bet ...	1984	16663772
effects of pratylenchus zeae and quinisulcius acutus alone and in combination on sorghum.	host-parasite relationships of pratylenchus zeae and quinisulcius acutus, alone or in combination, were studied on sorghum in the greenhouse and laboratory. q. acutus at 1,000 or 5,000 nematodes per 15-cm-d pot and p. zeae at 500 nematodes per pot significantly suppressed plant height and fresh and oven dry shoot and root weights. a mixture of 1,000 q. acutus and 500 p. zeae per pot resulted in greatest suppression of growth. roots of plants inoculated with q. acutus alone were reduced in number ...	1985	19294079
the use of cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) in improving a popular nigerian weaning food.	a weaning food commonly used in nigeria was simulated by mixing processed sorghum (sorghum bicolor) with skim-milk powder (830: 170, w/w). replacing 310 g/kg sorghum with processed cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) resulted in an increase in protein content from 96 to 113 g/kg and an increase in biological value of the protein from 0.74 to 0.87. the two mixtures were compared with an established commercial baby food by a panel of nigerian mothers and all three foods were found to be equally acceptable ...	1985	4063322
the use of stable carbon isotope analysis in rooting studies.	stable carbon isotope analysis was evaluated as a means of predicting the relative proportions of c3 and c4 root phytomass in species mixtures. the following mixtures of c3 and c4 species were used: 1) big bluestem (andropogon gerardii)/cheatgrass (bromus tectorum), 2) little bluestem (schizachyrium scoparium)/cheatgrass, and 3) sorghum (sorghum bicolor)/sunflower (helianthus annuus). there was a significant correlation (p<0.01) between % c4 phytomass and stable carbon isotope values for each of ...	1985	28311309
hemolytic activity in crude polysaccharide extracted from grain sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench].	a crude polysaccharide that hemolyzed human red blood cells of the abo types was isolated from the condensed tannin fraction of sorghum bicolor. it contained primarily 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and glucose and had a molecular weight of greater than 6000. limit hemolytic activity for each of four blood group cells corresponded to a range of 110-27 micrograms of carbohydrate per assay.	1986	3715899
simultaneous measurements of steady state chlorophyll a fluorescence and co(2) assimilation in leaves: the relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis in c(3) and c(4) plants.	rates of co(2) assimilation and steady state chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured simultaneously at different intercellular partial pressures of co(2) in attached cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv deltapine 16) leaves at 25 degrees c. electron transport activity for co(2) assimilation plus photorespiration was calculated for these experiments. under light saturating (1750 microeinsteins per square meter per second) and light limiting (700 microeinsteins per square meter per second) conditions ...	1986	16664735
identification of endogenous gibberellins from sorghum.	gibberellins (ga) a(1), a(19), and a(20) were identified in shoot cylinders containing the apical meristems from sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.). extracts were purified by sequential sio(2) partition chromatography and reversed-phase c(18) high performance liquid chromatography and biologically active (dwarf rice cv tan-ginbozu microdrop assay) fractions were subjected to gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring. based on the use of [(3)h]ga and [(2)h](d(2))ga internal standards, amounts of ga(1) ...	1986	16665017
investigations of the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, from maryland.	the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, recently detected in maryland, was investigated. a total of 269 plant entries, representing 68 families, 172 genera, and 204 species, was inoculated with cysts or a mixture of eggs and second-stage juveniles of h. zeae. the host range of the maryland population of h. zeae was limited to plants of the gramineae and included 11 tribes, 33 genera, 42 species, and 77 entries. all 22 corn (zea mays) cultivars tested were hosts. other economic ...	1987	19290286
preservation of potential fermentables in sweet sorghum by ensiling.	pressed and wilted samples of sweet sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench var. rio] were ensiled for periods up to 155 days. a kinetic study of the biochemical changes which occurred during ensiling showed that in wilted sorghum ensilage invert sugars and mannitol levels collectively were maintained at 65% of the original ferment able sugar content of the sorghum. the acidic environment produced by ensiling also served as a pretreatment that resulted in enhanced yields of reducing sugar when the ...	1987	18581521
tillage and multiple cropping systems and population dynamics of phytoparasitic nematodes.	the effect of two cropping and tillage systems on the population dynamics of four nematode species was evaluated on a loamy sand. hairy vetch succeeded by corn or grain sorghum was seeded in split plots randomized within whole plots of no-tillage versus conventional tillage over four growing seasons (1980-83). the vetch-corn cropping system increased the density of meloidogyne incognita 2.9 x more than the vetch-grain sorghum cropping system. in contrast, the vetch-grain sorghum cropping system ...	1988	19290311
rumen fungi: morphological types from georgia cattle and the attack on forage cell walls.	fungal colonies developing in anaerobic media from zoospores in rumen fluid from cows eating cynodon dactylon or medicago sativa included types showing monocentric and polycentric growth. high energy supplements added to diets of sorghum bicolor silage increased fungal numbers in the rumen, but increases were also affected by the history and predisposition of the animal. mixed fungal types in rumen fluid and pure cultures of isolates showing monocentric and polycentric growth degraded and weaken ...	1988	3395692
effect of cooking, ph and polyphenol level on carbohydrate composition and nutritional quality of a sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) food, ugali.	1. the present work was undertaken to study the effects of cooking, ph and polyphenol level on carbohydrate composition and nutritional quality of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench). three different sorghum varieties; dabar, feterita and argentine containing zero, intermediate to low and high levels of polyphenols respectively were used in the study. from these varieties uncooked, uncooked acidified, cooked, and cooked acidified diets were prepared. diets were characterized with regard to res ...	1988	3345303
host suitability of grain sorghum cultivars to meloidogyne spp.	grain sorghum cultivars (funk g-499gbr, funk g-611, funk g-522a, funk g-522dr, coker 7723, coker 7675, coker 7623, pioneer b815, pioneer 8222, pioneer 8272) were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to populations of meloidogyne incognita race 3, m. arenaria race 2, and m. javanica from south carolina, and m. arenaria race 1 from georgia. all the sorghum cultivars were poor hosts or nonhosts of meloidogyne spp. with fewer than 1 or 2 egg masses per root system in all cultivar x nematode co ...	1988	19290305
elimination of the adverse effects of urea fertilizer on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil.	the rapidly increasing importance of urea fertilizer in world agriculture has stimulated research to find methods of reducing the problems associated with the use of this fertilizer. one of these problems is that urea has adverse effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil. because there is evidence that these adverse effects are caused largely, if not entirely, by ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea fertilizer by soil urease, we explored the possibility ...	1988	16593951
thermal regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in c(3) and c(4) plants native to hot and temperate climates.	exposure of leaf sections from 2-week-old seedlings of sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) (c(4) plant), corn (zea mays l.) (c(4)), peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) (c(3) plant), and soybean (glycine max l.) (c(3)) to 40 or 45 degrees c for up to 4 hours resulted in significant increases in the levels of 102 kilodalton (c(4)), 52 kilodalton (c(3) and c(4)), and 15 kilodalton (c(3) and c(4)) polypeptides. these proteins comigrated, respectively, with authentic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) and the ...	1989	16666926
1,1,1-trichloroethane: medium-term toxicity to carp, daphnids, and higher plants.	the toxicity of 1,1,1-trichloroethane to carp (cyprinus carpio) and daphnids (daphnia magna) and the effects of gaseous-phase exposure on the growth of higher plants (sorghum bicolor and brassica napus) were investigated. the test systems were designed to minimize loss of the volatile material during the exposure period. during an exposure period of 14 days, there were no mortalities or other symptoms of toxicity in carp exposed to a mean measured 1,1,1-trichloroethane concentration of 7.7 mg/li ...	1989	2737111
photoinhibition at low temperature in chilling-sensitive and -resistant plants.	photoinhibition resulting from exposure at 7 degrees c to a moderate photon flux density (300 micromoles per square meter per second, 400-700 nanometers) for 20 hours was measured in leaves of annual crops differing widely in chilling tolerance. the incidence of photoinhibition, determined as the decrease in the ratio of induced to total chlorophyll fluorescence emission at 693 nanometers (f(v)/f(max)) measured at 77 kelvin, was not confined to chilling-sensitive species. the extent of photoinhi ...	1989	16666971
photomorphogenesis and photoassimilation in soybean and sorghum grown under broad spectrum or blue-deficient light sources.	the role of blue light in plant growth and development was investigated in soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv williams) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor [l.] moench. cv rio) grown under equal photosynthetic photon fluxes (approximately 500 micromoles per square meter per second) from broad spectrum daylight fluorescent or blue-deficient, narrow-band (589 nanometers) low pressure sodium (lps) lamps. between 14 and 18 days after sowing, it was possible to relate adaptations in photosynthesis and leaf ...	1990	11537484
a vapor pressure deficit effect on crop canopy photosynthesis.	canopy co2-exchange rates (cer), air temperatures, and dew points were measured throughout ten days during the 1987 growing season for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), grain sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l) moench], and five soybean [glycine max (l) merr.] cultivars, and throughout seven days in 1988, on maize (zea maize l.). the objective was to determine if the decline in cer per unit light during the afternoon is associated with a vapor pressure deficit (vpd) increase. some of the soybean and maiz ...	1990	24419762
larvicidal effects of grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor) seedling extracts upon culex pipiens larvae.	a study of laboratory and field reared 2nd and 3rd instar culex pipiens larvae suggests that extracts from 2 varieties of sorghum bicolor seedlings are significant (p less than 0.05) larvicides under laboratory conditions. these plant extracts contain the organic cyanogen dhurrin and were calibrated to produce 90% mortality in 2nd instar culex pipiens larvae at 0.82 ppm and 90% mortality in 3rd instar larvae at 1.12 ppm. a preliminary behavioral assessment of late 3rd instar larvae exposed to 1. ...	1990	2230780
chemical restrictions of roots in ultisol subsoils lessened by long-term management.	exchangeable al in subsoils of ultisols in the southeastern usa can restrict rooting depth. downward movement of basic cations (ca, mg, and k), applied as lime and fertilizer, may diminish that restriction over time. materials from the argillic horizon were collected from three paired sites, having managed (long-term cropping) and nonmanaged topsoils (typic paleudults and hapludults). one managed site was cropped continuously for 15 yr while the others were cultivated for more than 30 yr. co ...	1990	11538085
involvement of na in active uptake of pyruvate in mesophyll chloroplasts of some c(4) plants : na/pyruvate cotransport.	an artificial na(+) gradient across the envelope (na(+) jump) enhanced pyruvate uptake in the dark into mesophyll chloroplasts of a c(4) plant, panicum miliaceum (nad-malic enzyme type) (j ohnishi, r kanai [1987] febs lett 219:347). in the present study, (22)na(+) and pyruvate uptake were examined in mesophyll chloroplasts of several species of c(4) plants. enhancement of pyruvate uptake by a na(+) jump in the dark was also seen in mesophyll chloroplasts of urochloa panicoides and panicum maximu ...	1990	16667876
induction of beta-1,3-glucanase in barley in response to infection by fungal pathogens.	the sequence of a partial cdna clone corresponding to an mrna induced in leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare) by infection with fungal pathogens matched almost perfectly with that of a cdna clone coding for beta-1,-3-glucanase isolated from the scutellum of barley. western blot analysis of intercellular proteins from near-isogenic barley lines inoculated with the powdery mildew fungus (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) showed a strong induction of glucanase in all inoculated lines but was most pron ...	1991	1815765
possible repetitive dna markers for eusorghum and parasorghum and their potential use in examining phylogenetic hypotheses on the origin of sorghum species.	genomic structures of two major species in section eusorghum (sorghum), sorghum bicolor and sorghum halepense, and their phylogenetic relationships with a species in section parasorghum, sorghum versicolor, were studied by using cloned repetitive dna sequences from the three species. of the five repetitive dna clones isolated from s. bicolor and s. halepense, four produced qualitatively similar hybridization patterns with detectable variations in copy numbers of some of the restriction fragments ...	1991	2055449
implication of gibberellins in head smut (sporisorium reilianum) of sorghum bicolor.	the head smut fungus, sporisorium reilianum ([kuhn] landon and fullerton), was shown to reduce plant height in infected sorghum bicolor ([l.] moench) plants. the major reductions occurred in the internodes nearest the panicle and were more severe in naturally infected than in inoculated plants. less affected plants developed reproductively sterile panicles, and eventually smutted panicles developed phyllodied growths which progressed into leafy shoots. extracts of smutted, sterile, and healthy ( ...	1991	16668219
genetic regulation of development in sorghum bicolor: v. the ma(3) allele results in gibberellin enrichment.	sorghum bicolor genotypes, near isogenic with different alleles at the third maturity locus, were compared for development, for responsiveness to ga(3) and a ga synthesis inhibitor, and occurrence and concentrations of endogenous gas, iaa, and aba. at 14 days the genotype 58m (ma(3) (r)ma(3) (r)) exhibited 2.5-fold greater culm height, 1.75-fold greater total height, and 1.38-fold greater dry weight than 90m (ma(3)ma(3)) or 100m (ma(3)ma(3)). all three genotypes exhibited similar shoot elongatio ...	1991	16667937
rotations of soybean with tropical corn and sorghum for the management of nematodes.	the relative efficacy of rotations of soybean with sorghum and tropical corn for nematode management was studied for 2 years in a field infested with root-knot (meloidogyne arenaria) and soybean cyst (heterodera glycines, race 14) nematodes. corn, sorghum, and soybean cv. kirby were planted in 1989, and in 1990 the same areas were planted with seven soybean cultivars with and without at-plant application ofaldicarb. corn and sorghum did not support h. glycines, but significant juvenile populatio ...	1991	19283181
effect of cropping regime on populations of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri in sandy soil.	the host efficiencies of corn, sorghum, soybean, and wheat were compared for a kansas population of belonolaimus sp. under greenhouse conditions. in a related field study conducted in 1989 and 1990, the responses of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri populations to eight cropping regimes were monitored at depths of 0-30 and 31-60 cm in sandy soil. with the exception of alfalfa, all crop species examined supported substantial increases in populations of both nematodes. largest nematode p ...	1991	19283178
nematode population changes and forage yields of six corn and sorghum cultivars.	two temperate corn (zea mays) hybrids (pioneer 3320 and northrup king 508), two tropical corn cultivars (pioneer x304c hybrid and florida syn-1 experimental open pollinated cultivar), the sorghum (sorghum bicolor) x sudangrass (sorghum sudanense) hybrid dekalb sx-17, and the sorghum hybrid dekalb fs25e were compared for effect on nematode densities and forage yield in three plantings (one single-crop and one double-crop system) in florida. final population densities of meloidogyne incognita in t ...	1991	19283183
nematode densities associated with corn and sorghum cropping systems in florida.	final densities (pf) of meloidogyne incognita and pratylenchus spp. increased more than ten-fold over initial densities (pi) on corn (zea mays) cultivars grown at three sites in north florida. the pf of m. incognita following sorghum (sorghum bicolor) were much lower (p </=0.001) than pf following corn at the two sites in which sorghum was grown. at one of these sites, pf of m. incognita was </= 5/100 cm(3) soil, and at the other site pf < pi. at one site, population densities of criconemella sp ...	1991	19283182
fermentation patterns of forage sorghum ensiled under different environmental conditions.	the effects of temperature, aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the silo and plant characteristics [water-soluble carbohydrate (wsc) contents, growing season] on the fermentation characteristics of a tropical forage species, sorghum bicolor cv. sugar-drip, were investigated. silages fermented in oxygen-impermeable bags were well preserved and had low ph (3.7), high lactic acid [72 g kg(-1) dry matter (dm) ≡ 80% of total acids], and low butyric acid (0.12 g kg(-1) dm) and ammonia nitrogen (nh3-n) ...	1991	24424934
western blot analysis of cereal grain prolamins using an antibody to carboxyl-linked indoleacetic acid.	a monoclonal antibody raised against carboxyl-linked iaa was used in western blot analysis of storage proteins from kernels of avena sativa, pennisetum americanum, sorghum bicolor, and zea mays. iaa or an iaa-like molecule is associated with the ethanolsoluble protein fraction of the seed. western blotting of commercial zein, the major storage protein of maize, along with physicochemical evidence reported by leverone et al. ([1991] plant physiol, 96: 1070-1075) indicated that iaa is linked with ...	1991	16668300
functional xylem anatomy in root-shoot junctions of six cereal species.	in cereals, the formation of safety zones in the root-shoot junction could protect the vessels of roots from embolism originating in the shoot. the root-shoot junction was examined both anatomically, with a light microscope, and experimentally, using a pressurized-air method, in the base of seminal and adventitious roots of maize (zea mays l. cv. seneca 60-ii), a corngrass mutation of maize (cg mutant), sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. cv. ho-pak), winter oats (avena sativa l. cv. ogle), spring wheat ...	1991	24193938
blue light activates a specific protein kinase in higher plants.	blue light mediates the phosphorylation of a membrane protein in seedlings from several plant species. when crude microsomal membrane proteins from dark-grown pea (pisum sativum l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana l.), or tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.) stem segments, or from maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), or sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) coleoptiles are i ...	1992	16653043
comparison of nematode population densities on six summer crops at seven sites in north florida.	densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were compared on six crops grown for forage during the summer of 1991 at seven sites in north central florida. the cropping treatments were 'howard' soybean (glycine max), 'deltapine 105' soybean, velvetbean (mucuna deeringiana), 'california blackeye #5' cowpea (vigna unguiculata), 'pioneer 3098' tropical corn (zea mays), and 'asgrow chaparral' sorghum (sorghum bicolor). highest final densities (pf) of meloidogyne incognita and criconemella spp. were obtain ...	1992	19283048
host status of different bermudagrasses (cynodon spp.) for the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus.	thirty-seven warm-season bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) accessions, two cool-season grasses (lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea), 'transvala' digitgrass (digitaria decumbens), and sorghum bicolor were evaluated to determine host suitability and susceptibility to the sting nematode, b. longicaudatus, in a 140-day microcell bioassay. all seven of the evaluated commercial cultivars of cynodon were suitable hosts for b. longicaudatus but varied in their tolerance to the nematode. 'midiron,' 'tifdwa ...	1992	19283057
leaf ruminal digestion in sorghum bicolor cultivars as influenced by water deficit.	a study was carried out on the effects of water deficit upon the specific leaf digestion of two sorghum cultivars: novillero and leoti red. using scanning electron microscopy it was established that after ruminal incubation, losses of structural integrity increased when the plants were submitted to drought conditions. this increase was marked in cv. novillero after 48 h of digestion. for both cultivars, the phloem, mesophyll, parenchyma and epidermis were the most susceptible tissues to bacteria ...	1992	1293481
alpha amylase inhibitors in sorghum (sorghum bicolor).	forty varieties of sorghum grown locally and four cereals were screened for inhibitory activity against human salivary amylase. three varieties of sorghum (is-22422, nagi monadi and ngd marnm) had maximum inhibitory activity of 124 units. among the cereals rice had the lowest inhibitory activity. amylase inhibitory activity was lost on germination and heating the seeds.	1993	8295866
aerobic stability and in vitro fiber digestibility of microbially inoculated corn and sorghum silages.	silage deteriorates readily when exposed to air, resulting in dm losses. inoculation of silage with lactic acid bacteria may aid fermentation, but effects on aerobic stability are unclear. two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of commercial bacterial inoculants on aerobic stability and in vitro fiber digestibility of silage. corn (zea mays l.; exp. 1) or sorghum (sorghum bicolor [l.] moench; exp. 2) forage (30% dm) was inoculated (1.1 x 10(5) colony forming units/g of fresh fora ...	1993	8382675
a chloroplast dna deletion located in rna polymerase gene rpoc2 in cms lines of sorghum.	fertile lines of sorghum (sorghum bicolor) were shown to differ from cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) lines by the presence of a 3.8 kb hindiii chloroplast dna fragment in the former and a smaller (3.7 kb) fragment in the latter. dna/dna hybridization studies showed that these two fragments are homologous. fertile plants from s. versicolor, s. almum, s. halepense, and sorghastrum nutans (yellow indiangrass) also have the 3.8 kb fragment, and cms lines studied containing a1, a2 and a3 cytoplasms ha ...	1993	8437572
the tortilla making properties of two improved maicillo cultivars from honduras.	grains of two improved maicillo hybrids (sorghum bicolor (l) moench) and their criollo (landrace) counterparts grown at two farmsites in honduras were lime-cooked and processed into table tortillas. kernels from the criollos were less dense and softer than kernels from the improved cultivars. the improved maicillos had straw or red plant and glume colors while the criollos were less dense and softer than kernels from the improved cultivars. the improved maicillos had straw or red plant and glume ...	1993	7872831
estimation of bundle sheath cell conductance in c4 species and o2 insensitivity of photosynthesis.	low conductance to co2 of bundle sheath cells is required in c4 photosynthesis to maintain high [co2] at the site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). elevated [co2] allows high co2 assimilation rates by this enzyme and prevents rubisco oxygenase activity and o2 inhibition of carboxylation. bundle sheath conductance to co2 was estimated by chemically inhibiting phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and calculating the slope of the linear response of leaf co2 uptake to [co2]. t ...	1993	12232010
effect of crop rotation and tillage on nematode densities in tropical corn.	effects of tillage and crop rotation on nematode densities in tropical corn (zea mays cv. pioneer x304c) were examined in a factorial experiment with two rotation crops and two tillage practices (no-till vs. conventional-till), conducted in each of three seasons (1990-1992) in north florida. the rotation treatments consisted of sorghum (sorghum bicolor cv. dekalb br64) or soybean (glycine max) grown during the 1989 season. densities of meloidogyne incognita (race 1) remained lower throughout the ...	1993	19279846
population dynamics of plant-parasitic nematodes on cover crops of corn and sorghum.	buildup of plant-parasitic nematode populations on corn (zea mays), soybean (glycine max), and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) were compared in 1991 and 1992. final population densities (pf) of meloidogyne incognita were lower following sorghum than after soybean in both seasons, and pf after sorghum was lower than pf after corn in 1992. in both seasons, pf differed among the sorghum cultivars used. no differences in pf on corn, sorghum, and soybean were observed for criconemella spp. (a mixture of c. ...	1993	19279793
suppression of meloidogyne chitwoodi with sudangrass cultivars as green manure.	meloidogyne chitwoodi race 1 reproduced on piper sudangrass (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench), 332 (sudangrass hybrid), and p855f and p877f (sorghum-sudangrass hybrids), but failed to reproduce efficiently on trudan 8, trudex 9 (sudangrass hybrids), and sordan 79, ss-222, and bravo ii (sorghum-sudangrass hybrids). meloidogyne chitwoodi race 2 behaved similarly and reproduced more efficiently on piper, p855f, and p877f than on trudan 8, trudex 9, or sordan 79. the mean reproductive factor for m. chit ...	1993	19279773
effect of watering regimen on injury to corn and grain sorghum by pratylenchus species.	the effect of simulated rainfall frequency on the pathogenicity of pratylenchus zeae and p. brachyurus was studied in four greenhouse experiments. corn and grain sorghum were watered at different intervals during predetermined cycles to create a gradient of water-stressed plants. each experiment included nematode and uninoculated treatments. growth reaction of plants to different frequencies of watering was significant but was not affected by the presence of nematodes. pratylenchus zeae numbers ...	1993	19279822
tropical rotation crops influence nematode densities and vegetable yields.	the effects of eight summer rotation crops on nematode densities and yields of subsequent spring vegetable crops were determined in field studies conducted in north florida from 1991 to 1993. the crop sequence was as follows: (i) rotation crops during summer 1991; (ii) cover crop of rye (secale cereale) during winter 1991-92; (iii) 'lemondrop l' squash (cucurbita pepo) during spring 1992; (iv) rotation crops during summer 1992; (v) rye during winter 1992-93; (vi) 'classic' eggplant (solanum melo ...	1994	19279897
effects of tropical rotation crops on meloidogyne arenaria population densities and vegetable yields in microplots.	the effects of 12 summer crop rotation treatments on population densities of meloidogyne arenaria race 1 and on yields of subsequent spring vegetable crops were determined in microplots. the crop sequence was: (i) rotation crops during summer 1991 ; (ii) cover crop of rye (secale cereale) during winter 1991-92; (iii) squash (cucurbita pepo) during spring 1992; (iv) rotation crops during summer 1992; (v) rye during winter 1992-93; (vi) eggplant (solanum melongena) during spring 1993. the 12 rotat ...	1994	19279880
[chemical and nutrition evaluation of whole sorghum flour (sorghum bicolor, l. moench), complementation with bean and milk whey, application in baking].	the chemical characteristics nutritive value and technological properties of the whole sorghum flour for consumption were studied. the chemical analyses indicated 11.5% of protein, 2.7% of fat, 1.3% of fiber and 72% of carbohydrate. major mineral in the flour were sulphur 0.25%, phosphorus 0.21%, potassium 0.15%, magnesium 0.07% and calcium 0.03%. the amino acid analyses showed lysine as the first limiting amino acid (score 31.3%) and as the second treonine (score 61.5%). the essential fatty aci ...	1994	7786097
construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome library of sorghum bicolor.	the construction of representative large insert dna libraries is critical for the analysis of complex genomes. the predominant vector system for such work is the yeast artificial chromosome (yac) system. despite the success of yacs, many problems have been described including: chimerism, tedious steps in library construction and low yields of yac insert dna. recently a new e.coli based system has been developed, the bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) system, which offers many potential advant ...	1994	7800481
effects of early experience on voluntary intake of low-quality roughage by sheep.	this study determined 1) how experience early in life with cured weeping lovegrass (eragrostis curvula) (low-quality roughage) or fresh oats (avena sativa) (high-quality roughage) affected consumption of low- or high-quality roughage by lambs later in life and 2) whether this early dietary experience affected passage of undigested residues through the digestive tract and digestion of low-quality roughage. from 1 to 5 mo of age, experienced lambs (el) were grazing cured weeping lovegrass, whereas ...	1994	8056663
phylogenetic relationships of 10 grass species: an assessment of phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribed spacer region in nuclear ribosomal dna in monocots.	entire sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (itss) and 5.8s subunit of nuclear ribosomal dna (nrdna) were obtained from nine grass species by direct double-stranded sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified dna fragments. these sequences from subfamily pooideae (triticum aestivum, crithodium monococcum, sitopsis speltoides, hordeum vulgare, secale montanum, avena longiglumis, bromus inermis, brachypodium distachyon) and subfamily panicoideae (sorghum bicolor) together with ...	1994	8181731
phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast restriction enzyme site mutations in the saccharinae griseb. subtribe of the andropogoneae dumort. tribe.	chloroplast (cp) dna from 32 genotypes representing eight genera and 19 species from the andropogoneae tribe was analyzed using 15 restriction enzymes and southern hybridization with 12 cpdna probes that span the complete rice chloroplast genome. six of the genera, saccharum, miscanthus, erianthus, narenga, eccoilopus, and sclerostachya, are part of the saccharinae subtribe, whereas the other two, zea and sorghum, were used as outgroups. narenga, miscanthus, erianthus, and sclerostachya are pres ...	1994	24190471
patterns of light and nitrogen distribution in relation to whole canopy carbon gain in c3 and c4 mono- and dicotyledonous species.	an analytical model was used to describe the optimal nitrogen distribution. from this model, it was hypothesized that the non-uniformity of the nitrogen distribution increases with the canopy extinction rate for light and the total amount of free nitrogen in the canopy, and that it is independent of the slope of the relation between light saturated photosynthesis (pm) and leaf nitrogen content (nl). these hypotheses were tested experimentally for plants with inherently different architectures an ...	1995	28306967
effect of sulfur fertilization on chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and utilization by lambs of sorghum silage.	effects of s fertilization, 0 or 138 kg of s/ha, as (nh4)2so4 on chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and utilization of sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) silage by wether lambs was investigated. pioneer 947' sorghum forage was ensiled at the soft dough growth stage. sulfur fertilization increased (p < .01) concentrations of s, n, k, mn, and water-soluble carbohydrates (wsc) and decreased (p < .05) concentrations of fe, cu, al, and acetic acid after ensiling. sulfur-fertilized sorghum sila ...	1995	7673075
purification and characterization of recombinant cytochrome p450tyr expressed at high levels in escherichia coli.	the multifunctional tyrosine n-hydroxylase, cytochrome p450tyr (cyp79), from sorghum bicolor catalyzing the conversion of tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenyl-acetaldoxime in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin, has been expressed in escherichia coli using the isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside-inducible vector psp19g10l, containing the cdna encoding cyp79. the expression construct was optimized by reducing the length of the n-terminal hydrophobic core of the signal sequence of cytoc ...	1995	7574710
characterization of cytochrome p450tyr, a multifunctional haem-thiolate n-hydroxylase involved in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin.	the haem-thiolate n-hydroxylase cytochrome p450tyr involved in the biosynthesis of the tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum bicolor had recently been isolated. reconstitution of enzyme activity by insertion of cytochrome p450tyr and nadph-cytochrome p450-reductase into l-alpha-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine micelles and using tyrosine as substrate results in the formation of p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime. quantitative substrate binding spectra demonstrate that tyrosine and ...	1995	8820857
cloning of the amphibolic calvin cycle/oppp enzyme d-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase (ec 5.1.3.1) from spinach chloroplasts: functional and evolutionary aspects.	exploiting the differential expression of genes for calvin cycle enzymes in bundle-sheath and mesophyll cells of the c4 plant sorghum bicolor l., we isolated via subtractive hybridization a molecular probe for the calvin cycle enzyme d-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase (r5p3e)(ec 5.1.3.1), with the help of which several full-size cdnas were isolated from spinach. functional identity of the encoded mature subunit was shown by r5p3e activity found in affinity-purified glutatione s-transferase fusio ...	1995	8616224
immunological evidence for accumulation of two high-molecular-weight (104 and 90 kda) hsps in response to different stresses in rice and in response to high temperature stress in diverse plant genera.	rice seedlings accumulate stainable amounts of the 104 and 90 kda polypeptides in response to high temperature stress. we have purified and raised highly specific polyclonal antisera against both of these polypeptides. in western blotting experiments, we find that these proteins are accumulated to different extents in rice seedlings subjected to salinity (nacl), water stress, low-temperature stress and exogenous abscisic acid application. these proteins also accumulated when rice seedlings grown ...	1995	7579180
neuroaxonal degeneration in sheep grazing sorghum pastures.	during the fall of 1992, 250 (10%) of 2,500 rambouilet cross feeder lambs grazing sorghum bicolor developed neurologic signs including weakness, ataxia, head shaking, knuckling of the fetlocks, inability to rise, and opisthotonos. one hundred fifteen (46%) of the affected lambs died. twenty of the surviving lambs exhibited residual neurologic signs of ataxia when stressed. at the same time, 275 (25%) of 1,100 ewes grazing a nearby sudex pasture (s. sudanese x s. bicolor) gave birth to lambs that ...	1995	7619906
grasshopper crop and midgut extract effects on plants: an example of reward feedback.	acid extracts and a resultant fraction from solid-phase extraction (spe) of romalea guttata crop and midgut tissues induce sorghum (sorghum bicolor var. rio) coleoptile growth in 24-h incubations an average of 49% above untreated controls. when combined with plant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), the spe fraction shows a synergistic reaction, yielding increases in coleoptile growth that average 295% above untreated controls and 8% above iaa standards. the interaction lowered the point of maxim ...	1995	11607548
effect of tropical rotation crops on meloidogyne incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes.	in a field experiment conducted on sandy soil in florida during the 1993 season, rotation crops of castor (ricinus communis), velvetbean (mucuna deeringina), 'mississippi silver' cowpea (vigna unguiculata), american jointvetch (aeschynomene americana), 'dehapine 51' cotton (gossypium hirsutum), and 'sx-17' sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. sudanense) were effective in maintaining low population densities (<12/100 cm(3) soil) of meloidogyne incognita race 1, whereas high population densiti ...	1995	19277319
comparison of crop rotation and fallow for management of heterodera glycines and meloidogyne spp. in soybean.	the effects of cropping systems (fallow, rotation with sorghum-sudangrass hybrid [sorghum bicolor x s. sudanense], and continuous soybean [glycine max]), nematicide (aldicarb) treatment, and soybean cultivar on yield and nematode population densities were studied in a field infested with a mixture of meloidogyne spp. and heterodera glycines. soybean following sorghum-sudangrass yielded 111 kg/ha more than soybean following fallow and 600 kg/ha more than continuous soybean. aldicarb treatment inc ...	1995	19277326
persistence of the effects of early experience on consumption of low-quality roughage by sheep.	the aim of this study was to determine the effects of experience early in life with cured weeping lovegrass (eragrostis curvula) (low-quality roughage) or fresh oats (avena sativa) (high-quality roughage) on voluntary intake and nitrogen retention when sheep ate a low-quality roughage 9 mo after initial exposure. from 1 to 5 mo of age, experienced wethers (ew) grazed cured weeping lovegrass, whereas inexperienced wethers (iw) grazed fresh oats (initial exposure). then both ew and iw were fed sor ...	1996	8726727
a conserved repetitive dna element located in the centromeres of cereal chromosomes.	repetitive dna sequences have been demonstrated to play an important role for centromere function of eukaryotic chromosomes, including those from fission yeast, drosophila melanogaster, and humans. here we report on the isolation of a repetitive dna element located in the centromeric regions of cereal chromosomes. a 745-bp repetitive dna clone psau3a9, was isolated from sorghum (sorghum bicolor). this dna element is located in the centromeric regions of all sorghum chromosomes, as demonstrated b ...	1996	8943086
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a cdna encoding a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from sorghum bicolor seedlings.	a 711-bp cdna encoding a cysteine proteinase inhibitor (cystatin) was isolated from a cdna library prepared from 7-10 cm sorghum bicolor seedlings. the nearly full-length cdna clone encodes 130 amino acid residues, which include the gin-val-val-ala-gly motif, conserved among most of the known cystatins as a probable binding site for cysteine proteinases. the amino acid sequence of sorghum cystatin deduced from the cdna clone shows significantly homology to those of other plant cystatins. the sor ...	1996	8709954
molecular characterization of transketolase (ec 2.2.1.1) active in the calvin cycle of spinach chloroplasts.	a cdna encoding the calvin cycle enzyme transketolase (tkl; ec 2.2.1.1) was isolated from sorghum bicolor via subtractive differential hybridization, and used to isolate several full-length cdna clones for this enzyme from spinach. functional identity of the encoded mature subunit was shown by an 8.6-fold increase of tkl activity upon induction of escherichia coli cells that overexpress the spinach tkl subunit under the control of the bacteriophage t7 promoter. chloroplast localization of the cl ...	1996	8980496
isolation and reconstitution of the heme-thiolate protein obtusifoliol 14alpha-demethylase from sorghum bicolor (l.) moench.	the heme-thiolate (cytochrome p450) enzyme which catalyzes the 14alpha-demethylation of obtusifoliol has been isolated from microsomes prepared from etiolated seedlings of sorghum bicolor (l.) moench. the obtusifoliol 14alpha-demethylase is a key enzyme in plant sterol biosynthesis and a target for the design of phyla-specific sterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitors. microsomal cytochrome p450s were solubilized by using the detergents renex 690 and reduced triton x-100, and the obtusifoliol 14alph ...	1996	8955137
volatile infochemicals used in host and host habitat location bycotesia flavipes cameron andcotesia sesamiae (cameron) (hymenoptera: braconidae), larval parasitoids of stemborers on graminae.	femalecotesia flavipes cameron andcotesia sesamiae (cameron) were attracted to odors in a y-tube olfactometer from uninfested maize (zea mays l.), sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.)], and napier grass (pennisetum purpureum schumach). in dual choice tests,cotesia flavipes showed a preference for maize over sorghum, while maize and napier grass were equally attractive. in contrast,cotesia sesamiae preferred volatiles from sorghum and napier grass over those from maize. the two parasitoids were signific ...	1996	24227412
localisation of sucrose-phosphate synthase and starch in leaves of c4 plants.	the activity and intercellular distribution of sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps; ec 2.4.1.14) were determined in fully expanded leaves from a range of c4 plants. in zea mays l. and atriplex spongiosa f. muell., sps was located almost exclusively in the mesophyll cells. in other species, sps was found in both cell types, with the activity in the bundle sheath cells ranging from 5% of the total leaf activity in echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv. to 35% in sorghum bicolor moench. at the end of the l ...	1997	9177054
cloning and expression in escherichia coli of the obtusifoliol 14 alpha-demethylase of sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, a cytochrome p450 orthologous to the sterol 14 alpha-demethylases (cyp51) from fungi and mammals.	obtusifoliol 14 alpha-demethylase from sorghum bicolor (l.) moench has been cloned using a gene-specific probe generated using pcr primers designed from an internal 14 amino acid sequence. the sequence identifies sorghum obtusifoliol 14 alpha-demethylase as a cytochrome p450 and it is assigned to the cyp51 family together with the sterol 14 alpha-demethylases from fungi and mammals. the presence of highly conserved regions in the amino acid sequences, analogous substrates and the same metabolic ...	1997	9076987
fungi associated with sorghum grain from argentina.	sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) is an important cereal produced in and exported from argentina. the risk of contamination by mycotoxins is related to the mycoflora associated with the sorghum grain. this paper reports on the identification of internal mycoflora of sorghum grain harvested in argentina in 1991, 1992 and 1993, years with different total rainfall levels. a mycological survey was carried out on sorghum samples, from a location at the humid argentinian pampa, using a fusarium/de ...	1997	9511235
[antiphysiological and nutritional factor changes in sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) seeds during germination].	the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of germination on the nutritional quality of two commercial varieties of low tannin content sorghum: brown sorghum without testa (icsy-cm89513) and white sorghum (isiap dorado). after 24 hours of germination the condensed tannin concentration (catechin equivalent) was reduced 60% and 40% for brown and white sorghum respectively. however, tannin levels increased up 100% at 96 h germination. phytic acid concentration decreased about 90% in 96 ho ...	1997	9659428
quantum yields and rate constants of photochemical and nonphotochemical excitation quenching (experiment and model).	sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), sorghum (sorghum bicolor moench.), amaranth (amaranthus cruentus l.), and cytochrome b6f complex-deficient transgenic tobacco leaves were used to test the response of plants exposed to differnt light intensities and co2 concentrations before and after photoinhibition at 4000 [mu]mol photons m-2 s-1 and to thermoinhibition up to 45[deg]c. quantum yields of photochemical and nonphotochemical excitatio ...	1997	12223845
effect of nacl-tolerant lactic acid bacteria and nacl on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of silage.	nacl-tolerant lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains lc-10 (lactobacillus casei) and lp-15 (lact. plantarum) and nacl were used as additives to sorghun (sorghum bicolor). numbers of lab were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in all the additive-treated silages than in the control silage at an early stage of ensiling. during the fermentation process, addition of nacl or lab effectively inhibited the growth of aerobic bacteria and clostridia, but not yeasts. all the additive-treated silages had signific ...	1997	9351210
interrelationships among macrophomina phaseolina, criconemella xenoplax, and tylenchorhynchus annulatus on grain sorghum.	microplot experiments were established in 1992, 1993, and 1994 to investigate the relationships among macrophomina phaseolina, criconemella xenoplax, mad tylenchorhynchus annulatus on grain sorghum in louisiana. a factorial treatment arrangement of two grain sorghum hybrids (de kalb dk 50 and pioneer hybrid 8333), three levels of m. phaseolina (0, 10, and 100 colony-forming units (cfu)/g soil), and three nematode inoculum levels (0, 1x, and 2x) were used. nematode inocula at 1x levels were 929, ...	1997	19274150
sequence and relationships of sugarcane mosaic and sorghum mosaic virus strains and development of rt-pcr-based rflps for strain discrimination.	abstract sugarcane mosaic is the most widespread virus disease affecting sugarcane production. we have established a collection of seven prominent sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (scmv) strains currently causing disease in sugarcane throughout the world and originally found in sugarcane in the united states. this collection includes scmv strains a, b, d, and e, and the sorghum mosaic virus (srmv) strains sch, sci, and scm. these viruses were propagated on sorghum bicolor cv. rio and purified. cloned ...	1997	18945064
genetic variation of morphological characters within a single isolate of the endomycorrhizal fungus glomus clarum (glomaceae).	the nature of variation in morphological characters in spores of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (order glomales, class zygomycetes) has received little attention, despite the importance of these characters in modern taxonomy of the order. we tested the hypothesis that genetic variation exists in spore size and color (presumably important taxonomic characters) within a single isolate of the glomalean fungus glomus clarum. phenotypic variation in size and color of spores was determined from a po ...	1997	21708675
competition between tylenchorhynchus annulatus and mesocriconema xenoplax on grain sorghum as influenced by macrophomina phaseolina.	greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine competition between tylenchorhynchus annulatus and mesocriconema xenoplax on grain sorghum roots that were colonized by the fungus macrophomina phaseolina or free from fungus colonization. an incomplete factorial treatment design consisted of two levels of m. phaseolina (0 or 10 colony-forming units/g soil) and 12 t. annulatus:m. xenoplax ratios: 1,000:0; 750:0; 500:0; 250:0; 0:0; 0:250; 0:500; 0:750; 0:1,000; 750:250; 500:500; and 250:750. plants ...	1998	19274235
molecular diversity of sterol 14alpha-demethylase substrates in plants, fungi and humans.	metabolism of lanosterol (lan), 24-methylene-24,25-dihydrolanosterol (24-methylenedhl), dihydrolanosterol (dhl) and obtusifoliol (obt) by purified human, plant (sorghum bicolor) and fungal (candida albicans) sterol 14alpha-demethylase (cyp51; p450(14dm)) reconstituted with nadph cytochrome p450 reductases was studied in order to elucidate the substrate specificity and sterol stereo- and regio-structural requirements for optimal cyp51 activity. both human and c. albicans cyp51 could catalyse 14al ...	1998	9559662
herbicide safener-binding protein of maize. purification, cloning, and expression of an encoding cdna.	dichloroacetamide safeners protect maize (zea mays l.) against injury from chloroacetanilide and thiocarbamate herbicides. etiolated maize seedlings have a high-affinity cytosolic-binding site for the safener [3h](r,s)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1, 3-oxazol-idine ([3h]saf), and this safener-binding activity (safba) is competitively inhibited by the herbicides. the safener-binding protein (safbp), purified to homogeneity, has a relative molecular weight of 39,000, as shown by sodium dodecyl ...	1998	9501141
reduction of light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in inoculated sorghum mesocotyls. implications for a compensatory role in the defense response.	sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. moench) accumulates the anthocyanin cyanidin 3-dimalonyl glucoside in etiolated mesocotyls in response to light. inoculation with the nonpathogenic fungus cochliobolus heterostrophus drastically reduced the light-induced accumulation of anthocyanin by repressing the transcription of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes encoding flavanone 3-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, and anthocyanidin synthase. in contrast to these repression effects, fungal inoculation re ...	1998	9501130