| differences among wagyu sires for usda carcass traits and palatability attributes of cooked ribeye steaks. | the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of various wagyu sires on carcass quality traits and palatability attributes of cooked ribeye steaks. wagyu sires were used and grouped as old (n = 6) or new (n = 2) sires, based on the chronological order in which they were imported into the united states. one hundred thirteen f1 heifer and steer calves sired by wagyu bulls out of three different sources of cows were fed a backgrounding diet for 112 d consisting of an 80:20 ratio of r ... | 2000 | 10907811 |
| forage systems for production of stocker steers in the upper south. | the southern states produce large numbers of beef calves that are generally weaned and sold in autumn. keeping calves in this region beyond weaning to graze high-quality forages through a stocker cattle phase could improve profitability. autumn-weaned angus crossbred steers were allocated by breeding and weight to four forage systems that began in mid-november and continued through mid-october as follows: system 1, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l ... | 2000 | 10907841 |
| effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen fertilization on phenolic content in poa annua l. | different but partially overlapping hypotheses have been developed to predict the allocation of phenolics in elevated atmospheric co(2). the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis predicts increased allocation to phenolics due to reduced relative availability of nitrogen. the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis states that allocation will depend on source and sink strength, while the protein competition model predicts that allocation will remain unchanged. we grew poa annua at two co(2) concen ... | 2000 | 10913845 |
| the afferent signalling of fever. | when infectious micro-organisms invade the body, fever often ensues. it is the most familiar and most manifest sign of infection. yet, despite its ubiquity, little is definitively known regarding the detailed mechanism of its induction. the generally prevalent view is that entry into the body of such infectious micro-organisms first activates innate immune responses, which include the release of a complex variety of soluble mediators. among these, the cytokines tumour necrosis factor (tnf) alpha ... | 2000 | 10921998 |
| origin and molecular specification of striatal interneurons. | the striatum, the largest component of the basal ganglia, contains projection neurons and interneurons. whereas there is considerable agreement that the lateral ganglionic eminence (lge) is the origin of striatal projection neurons, less is known about the origin of striatal interneurons. using focal injections of retrovirus into the ventral telencephalon in vitro, we demonstrate that most striatal interneurons tangentially migrate from the medial ganglionic eminence (mge) or the adjacent preopt ... | 2000 | 10934256 |
| photoperiod and temperature interact to affect the gnrh neuronal system of male prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster). | individuals of numerous species limit energy expenditure during winter by inhibiting reproduction and other nonessential functions. to time these adaptations appropriately with the annual cycle, animals rely on environmental cues that predict, well in advance, the onset of winter. the most commonly studied environmental factor that animals use to time reproduction is photoperiod. rodents housed in short photoperiods in the laboratory or in naturally declining day lengths exhibit pronounced alter ... | 2000 | 10942262 |
| the influence of secondary senescence processes within the culm of a pseudoviviparous grass (poa alpina var. vivipara l.) on the supply of water to propagules. | an anatomical investigation of the culm of pseudoviviparous alpine meadow grass (poa alpina var. vivipara l.) revealed that transpiration flow, as delimited by lucifer yellow tracer dye, was maintained despite advanced senescence (as evidenced by loss of chlorophyll and chloroplasts), with leafy spikelets driving transpiration flow. transpiration flow was not hindered by cavitation or tylosis in older culms, the low frequencies of these senescence processes being bypassed via nodal plexi. despit ... | 2000 | 10948234 |
| soluble factors guide gonadotropin-releasing hormone axonal targeting to the median eminence. | axons of gnrh neurons terminate at the median eminence in the medial basal hypothalamus (mbh) of the brain early in development. similarly, gnrh neurons in grafts of preoptic area (poa) tissue within the third ventricle of hypogonadal mice preferentially innervate the median eminence. organotypic cocultures of poa explants with other neural tissues suggest that a soluble substance(s) derived from the mbh may be directing this targeting. to begin to identify diffusable chemoattractants, we used p ... | 2000 | 10965875 |
| discharge modulation of rat dorsal raphe neurons during sleep and waking: effects of preoptic/basal forebrain warming. | in cats, putative serotonergic neurons (psns) recorded from the dorsal raphe nucleus (drn) across the sleep-wake cycle exhibit the so-called rapid eye movement sleep-off (rem-off) discharge pattern. since, the sleep-wake discharge patterns of drn neurons in behaving rats is poorly known, the present study examined this neuronal populations. the psns recorded in this study exhibited: (1) progressive decrease in discharge rate from waking to nrem to rem sleep; (2) long action potential duration, a ... | 2000 | 10967295 |
| ontogeny of aromatase and tyrosine hydroxylase activity and of aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the preoptic area of male and female japanese quail. | the aromatization of testosterone into oestrogens plays a key role in the control of many behavioural and physiological aspects of reproduction. in the quail preoptic area (poa), aromatase activity and the number of aromatase-immunoreactive (aro-ir) cells are sexually differentiated (males > females). this sex difference is implicated in the control of the sexually dimorphic behavioural response of quail to testosterone. we analysed the ontogenetic development of this sex difference by measuring ... | 2000 | 10971810 |
| the alternative oxidase in roots of poa annua after transfer from high-light to low-light conditions. | the activity of the alternative pathway can be affected by a number of factors, including the amount and reduction state of the alternative oxidase protein, and the reduction state of the ubiquinone pool. to investigate the importance of these factors in vivo, we manipulated the rate of root respiration by transferring the annual grass poa annua l. from high-light to low-light conditions, and at the same time from long-day to short-day conditions for four days. as a result of the low-light treat ... | 2000 | 10972888 |
| pyrazinamide inhibits the eukaryotic-like fatty acid synthetase i (fasi) of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis treatment is shortened to six months by the indispensable addition of pyrazinamide (pza) to the drug regimen that includes isoniazid and rifampin. pza is a pro-drug of pyrazinoic acid (poa) (ref. 3), whose target of action has never been identified. although pza is active only against mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pza analog 5-chloro-pyrazinamide (5-cl-pza) displays a broader range of anti-mycobacterial activity. we have found that the eukaryotic-like fas1 gene (encoding fatty aci ... | 2000 | 10973326 |
| rantes: a new prostaglandin dependent endogenous pyrogen in the rat. | fever, a hallmark of disease, is a highly complex process initiated by the action of a number of endogenous pyrogens on the thermosensitive cells of the brain. we describe the activity of rantes, a chemotactic cytokine, as intrinsically pyrogenic in the rat, when it is delivered directly to the thermosensitive region of the rat's anterior hypothalamic, pre-optic area (ah/poa). rantes, microinjected into the ah/poa in a dose of 1, 5, 10, 15, 25 or 50 pg, produces an immediate and intense dose-rel ... | 2000 | 10974335 |
| inhibition of [(3)h]ponasterone a binding by ecdysone agonists in the intact sf-9 cell line. | ecdysone agonists, including dibenzoylhydrazines, significantly inhibited the binding of [(3)h]ponasterone a ([(3)h]poa) in intact sf-9 cells (spodoptera frugiperda). the amount of [(3)h]poa binding varied in a concentration-dependent manner. according to the ic(50), concentration at which there is 50% inhibition, the order of potency of typical ecdysone agonists is tebufenozide (rh-5992) > methoxyfenozide (rh-2485) > poa > 20-hydroxyecdysone > cyasterone > rh-5849, makisterone a > or = inokoste ... | 2000 | 10978733 |
| characterization of oleic acid and propranolol oleate mesomorphism using (13)c solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssnmr). | lipids regularly exhibit complicated thermotropic and lyotropic phase behavior. in this study, the utility of (13)c solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssnmr) in characterizing the phase properties of pharmaceutical lipids was investigated. variable temperature (13)c ssnmr spectra and spin-lattice relaxation times (t(1)(c)) were obtained for high-purity oleic acid (oa) and propranolol oleate (poa). spectral changes took place following oa gamma-to-alpha phase transition that ind ... | 2000 | 10980503 |
| gnrh antagonist cetrorelix prevents sexual maturation of peripubertal male rats. | gonadotropin releasing-hormone (gnrh) analogues contain amino acid substitutions of the native decapeptide. depending on the substitutions, the analogues have gnrh agonistic or antagonistic properties. gnrh agonists are the established treatment in cases of central precocious puberty caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic gnrh pulse generator. much less data exist on the use of gnrh antagonists to influence the onset of puberty. using the gnrh antagonist cetrorelix we conducted a 5 d ... | 2000 | 10989955 |
| phenoxyacetic acid residue incorporation in cell walls of soybean (glycine max.). | the metabolism of [(14)c] phenoxyacetic acid (poa) and the formation of bound residues were studied in soybean leaves and stems. poa was metabolized to 4-ho-poa and to 4-ho-poa glucoside, and a significant fraction of the radioactivity was incorporated in the cell walls (cw). an extraction procedure of cw polymers was developed to specifically isolate the radioactivity associated with each of them. in leaves, the radioactivity showed a preferential distribution into the hemicelluloses and lignin ... | 2000 | 10995368 |
| changes in estrogenic regulation of estrogen receptor alpha mrna and progesterone receptor mrna in the female rat hypothalamus during aging: an in situ hybridization study. | we examined two molecular responses to estrogen, reduction in estrogen receptor alpha (er alpha) mrna and increase in progesterone receptor (pr) mrna, in the hypothalamus of 3- (young) and 10-month-old (middle-aged) cycling, and 15-month-old (old) acyclic, fischer 344 female rats. the rats were ovariectomized and then given silastic capsules containing 5% 17beta-estradiol. or empty implants, and killed 4 days after implantation. by means of in situ hybridization, we found that, in young rats, es ... | 2000 | 10997581 |
| the role of intrinsic and agonist-activated conductances in determining the firing patterns of preoptic area neurons in the guinea pig. | whole-cell and intracellular recordings were made in coronal hypothalamic slices prepared from ovariectomized female guinea pigs. 62% of preoptic area (poa) neurons fired action potentials in a bursting manner, and exhibited a significantly greater afterhyperpolarization (ahp) than did non-bursting poa neurons. the majority (70%) of poa neurons (n=76) displayed a time-dependent inward rectification (i(h)) that was blocked by cscl (3 mm) or by zd 7288 (30 microm). in addition, 51% of the cells ex ... | 2000 | 11011003 |
| can meristematic activity determine variation in leaf size and elongation rate among four poa species? a kinematic study. | we studied inherent variation in final leaf size among four poa spp. that live at different elevations. the average final length of leaf 7 of the main stem of the smallest species (poa alpina) was only one-half that of the largest species (poa trivialis); it was correlated with leaf elongation rate, but not with the duration of leaf elongation. a faster rate of leaf elongation rate was associated with (a) larger size of the zone of cell expansion, and (b) faster rates of cell production (per cel ... | 2000 | 11027732 |
| architectural and physiological heterogeneity within the synflorescence of the pseudoviviparous grass poa alpina var. vivipara l. | many biotypes of the northern-hemisphere arctic-alpine grass poa alpina l. reproduce asexually via prolification of the spikelet axis to produce dehiscing shoots. although capable of photosynthesis, the source-sink characteristics of these synflorescence systems are unknown, including the degree to which plantlets from different regions of the synflorescence are capable of providing for their own carbon requirements, or contributing to other sinks. photosynthetic rates within the paracladial zon ... | 2000 | 11053460 |
| evidence that oestradiol attenuates beta-adrenoceptor function in the hypothalamus of female rats by altering receptor phosphorylation and sequestration. | activation of beta-adrenoceptors in the hypothalamus (hyp) and preoptic area (poa) inhibits both gonadotropin release and reproductive behaviour in female rats. exposure of female rats for 48 h to physiologically relevant doses of oestrogen attenuates beta-adrenoceptor function in the hyp and poa as indicated by reduced isoproterenol (beta-adrenoceptor agonist) stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity. reduced beta-adrenoceptor coupling to g protein in the hyp-poa from oestrogen-exposed female r ... | 2000 | 11069121 |
| localization of immunoreactive lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the rat brain. | a highly specific antiserum against lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) was used to localize 1-gnrh in areas of the rat brain associated with reproductive function. immunoreactive 1-gnrh-like neurons were observed in the ventromedial preoptic area (poa), the region of the diagonal band of broca and the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, with fiber projections to the rostral wall of the third ventricle and the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis. another population of 1-gnrh-like ne ... | 1999 | 10698127 |
| [pre and post-operative autotransfusion. a comparative study of hematology, biochemistry and red cell metabolism in pre-donated blood and blood from post-operative surgical drainage]. | the widespread use of aggressive surgical procedures, along with the increasing incidence of traffic accidents, has raised the necessity of homologous blood beyond the supplies of blood banks. this fact, plus the risks of homologous transfusion and the costs of blood bank maintenance, has prompted the advance of blood saving procedures such as autotransfusion, both in the pre-deposit (preoperative autotransfusion, poa) and the surgical drainage reinfusion (postoperative autotransfusion, sdr) mod ... | 1999 | 10822758 |
| pre- or postnatal testosterone and flutamide effects on sexually dimorphic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. | utilizing the sexually dimorphic nature of hypothalamic nuclei, a determination of the effects of pre- or postnatal flutamide and testosterone treatments were examined in male and female rats. statistical analysis compared treatments, sex, and time of injection in terms of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (avpv) volumes and lengths. the present findings establish that pre- or postnatal hormonal environments are crucial in ... | 2000 | 10775778 |
| sleep-related c-fos protein expression in the preoptic hypothalamus: effects of ambient warming. | preoptic area (poa) neuronal activity promotes sleep, but the localization of critical sleep-active neurons is not completely known. thermal stimulation of the poa also facilitates sleep. this study used the c-fos protein immunostaining method to localize poa sleep-active neurons at control (22 degrees c) and mildly elevated (31.5 degrees c) ambient temperatures. at 22 degrees c, after sleep, but not after waking, we found increased numbers of c-fos immunoreactive neurons (irns) in both rostral ... | 2000 | 11080072 |
| effects of lateral preoptic area application of orexin-a on sleep-wakefulness. | deficiency of orexin, a newly discovered hypothalamic peptide, is thought to lead to abnormal sleepiness and cataplexy in both human narcolepsy and animal models of the disease. as the poa contains extensive orexin terminals and is established as a sleep/arousal regulatory site, we evaluated a hypothesis that this site is a target for the arousal-inducing effects of orexin. orexin-a was microinjected into lateral preoptic area (ipoa) and the effects on sleep-wakefulness and brain temperature wer ... | 2000 | 11095491 |
| post-weaning social isolation of male rats reduces the volume of the medial amygdala and leads to deficits in adult sexual behavior. | at 21 days of age, gonadally intact male long evans rats were weaned and placed into standard laboratory conditions (three per cage) or housed singly. they were tested for noncontact erections and sexual performance at 90 and 220 days of age. rats raised in isolation displayed significantly fewer noncontact erections in response to sensory cues from an estrous female and fewer intromissions when allowed to mate with a female than did males raised in groups. the volume of the posterodorsal compon ... | 2000 | 11099763 |
| the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurosecretory system of the jerboa (jaculus orientalis) and its seasonal variations. | the distribution of cells expressing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) immunoreactivity was examined in the brain of adult jerboa during two distinct periods of the reproductive cycle. during spring-summer, when the jerboa is sexually active, a high density of cell bodies and fibres immunoreactive (ir) for gnrh was observed at the level of separation of the frontal lobes, in the medial septal nucleus (ms) and in the diagonal band of broca (dbb), in the preoptic area (poa), in the organum vas ... | 2000 | 11106979 |
| neuroendocrine aging in the female rat: the changing relationship of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. | the reproductive axis undergoes alterations during aging, resulting in acyclicity and the loss of reproductive function. in the hypothalamus, changes intrinsic to gnrh neurons may play a critical role in this process, as may changes in inputs to gnrh neurons from neurotransmitters such as glutamate. we investigated the effects of age and reproductive status on neuroendocrine glutamatergic nmda receptors (nrs), their regulation of gnrh neurons, and their expression on gnrh neurons, in female rats ... | 2000 | 11108291 |
| fos expression in female hamsters after various stimuli associated with mating. | detection of the expression of c-fos mrna or its protein product, fos, has been used to indicate differences in neuronal response to exogenous stimuli. factors contributing to differences in fos expression as a result of various stimuli associated with mating have been extensively studied in the female rat. less is known about the factors that contribute to fos expression in female hamsters. female hamsters differ from female rats in several aspects of sexual behavior; therefore, it seems likely ... | 2000 | 11111011 |
| pyrogen sensing and signaling: old views and new concepts. | fever is thought to be caused by endogenous pyrogenic cytokines, which are elaborated and released into the circulation by systemic mononuclear phagocytes that are activated by exogenous inflammatory agents and transported to the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area (poa) of the brain, where they act. prostaglandin (pg) e2 is thought to be an essential, proximal mediator in the poa, and induced by these cytokines. it seems unlikely, however, that these factors could directly account for early pro ... | 2000 | 11113020 |
| distribution and regulation by oestrogen of fully processed and variant transcripts of gonadotropin releasing hormone i and gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor mrnas in the male chicken. | the aim of this study was to increase understanding of the occurrence and regulation of chicken gonadotropin releasing hormone i (cgnrh i) and chicken gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (cgnrh-r) mrna variants in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (hpta). the study was carried out in the cockerel. fully processed cgnrh i mrna (cgnrh ia) and a variant transcript (cgnrh ib) with a retained intron 1 were observed in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (poa), the basal hypothalamus, ante ... | 2001 | 11123514 |
| drug-fatty acid salt with wax-like properties employed as binder in melt granulation. | the tacky and deformable properties of a wax-like drug-fatty acid salt, propranolol oleate (poa), make particle size reduction and separation challenging. the aim of this study was to investigate the use of poa as binder in a melt granulation procedure to improve processing properties. poa is a suitable candidate for binder phase in melt granulation with a melting temperature of 50-56 degrees c. small batches (ca 30 g) were manufactured using a high shear mixer with lactose monohydrate as the su ... | 2000 | 11137334 |
| the effects of structure, strategy and market conditions on the operating practices of physician-organization arrangements. | research to date has documented weak or inconsistent associations between market and organizational factors and the adoption of physician-organization arrangements (poas) (e.g. physician-hospital organizations, management service organizations and independent practice associations) designed to increase physician integration. we argue that poas may mask considerable variation in how these entities are operated and governed. further, because the operating policies and practices of poas are likely ... | 2000 | 11142070 |
| overseeding endophytic perennial ryegrass into stands of kentucky bluegrass to manage bluegrass billbug (coleoptera: curculionidae). | studies were conducted to determine the utility of overseeding endophyte enhanced varieties of perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l., into existing stands of kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis l., to manage bluegrass billbug, sphenophorus parvulus gyllenhal, larval populations and their damage. two commercial varieties of endophyte enhanced perennial ryegrass (repell ii and triple play) were overseeded at two different rates in the field. s. parvulus larval populations, their damage, and turfgras ... | 2000 | 11142296 |
| estrogen receptor beta regulates sexually dimorphic neural responses to estradiol. | estrogen receptors (ers) mediate many sexual dimorphisms in the neuroendocrine system and in behavior. we examined the consequences of the loss of functional estrogen receptor beta (erbeta) on two sexually differentiated neural responses to estrogen. in wild type (wt) male mice, but not in females, estradiol (e(2)) treatment decreased estrogen receptor alpha immunoreactive (eralpha-ir) cell numbers in the arcuate nucleus (arc), the preoptic area (poa), and the ventromedial nucleus (vmn). these s ... | 2001 | 11145618 |
| neuroendocrine regulation of sexually dimorphic brain structure and associated sexual behavior in male rats is genetically controlled. | steroid hormones, particularly 17beta-estradiol (e2), regulate the development and expression of neural structures and sexual behavior. recently, we demonstrated that e2-regulated responses are controlled by quantitative trait loci. in this study, we quantified 1) volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus (sdn) of the preoptic area (poa); 2) medial basal hypothalamic (mbh)-poa aromatase and 5alpha-reductase enzyme activities during prenatal development and in adults; 3) serum lh, testosterone, fs ... | 2001 | 11159360 |
| insulin-like growth factor-1 regulation of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor signaling is estradiol dependent in the preoptic area and hypothalamus of female rats. | recently, we demonstrated that estradiol (e(2)) modulates cross-talk between protein tyrosine kinases and norepinephrine (ne) receptor signaling in the hypothalamus (hyp) and preoptic area (poa), brain areas that govern female reproductive function. we are now investigating the identity of protein tyrosine kinase(s) that modify ne receptor signaling in the hyp and poa. incubation of poa and hyp slices with insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i), which signals via a receptor (igf-ir) with endogenou ... | 2001 | 11159830 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of three deicers (nacl, nafo, cma)-effect on terrestrial organisms. | the use of chemical deicers such as sodium chloride (nacl) has increased significantly during the past three decades. deicers induce metal corrosion and alter the physicochemical properties of soils and water. environmental damage caused by the use of nacl has prompted government agencies to find alternative deicers. this article presents a comparative ecotoxicological study of three deicers on soil organisms. sodium formiate (nafo) and calcium-magnesium acetate (cma) are the most interesting co ... | 2001 | 11161687 |
| involvement of central histaminergic neurons in polypnea induced by hyperthermia in rabbits. | a role of central histamine in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (poa/ah) for the regulation of hyperthermia-induced polypnea was examined in anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized and artificially ventilated rabbits. phrenic nerve activities were recorded to monitor respiratory neuronal output. hyperthermia increased respiratory frequency by reductions of inspiratory time (t(i)) and expiratory time (t(e)). pyrilamine, an h1 receptor antagonist, which was applied to the poa/ah reduced polypn ... | 2001 | 11163292 |
| low-sexually performing rams but not male-oriented rams can be discriminated by cell size in the amygdala and preoptic area: a morphometric study. | brain regions of male sheep behaviorally classified as high-sexually performing (n=10), low-sexually performing (n=8) or male-oriented (n=9) were examined to determine if differences in reproductive behavior were associated with differences in density or sizes of neurons. high-sexually performing rams actively mounted estrous ewes, low-sexually performing rams failed to mount or had long latencies to mounting estrous ewes, and male-oriented rams mounted other rams in preference to ewes in estrus ... | 2001 | 11164521 |
| role of preoptic and anterior hypothalamic cholinergic input on water intake and body temperature. | to elucidate the role played by cholinergic mechanism in the preoptic area (poa) and anterior hypothalamus (ah) in the control of body temperature and water intake of rats, we used microdialysis without disturbing the behavior of unanesthetized animals. after microdialysis, we also investigated immunoreactivity for c-fos protein in the hypothalamus. stimulation with neostigmine, an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, through microdialysis probe increased extracellular concentration of acetylcholin ... | 2001 | 11166703 |
| computed free energy differences between point mutations in a collagen-like peptide. | we studied the results of mutating alanine --> glycine at three positions of a collagen-like peptide in an effort to develop a computational method for predicting the energetic and structural effects of a single point genetic mutation in collagen, which is associated with the clinical diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (oi). the differences in free energy of denaturation were calculated between the collagen-like peptides [(pog)(4)(poa)(pog)(4)](3) and [(pog)(10)](3) (pog: proline-hydroxyprolin ... | 2001 | 11169394 |
| dammarane derivatives protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. | we previously reported that ginsenosides rb1 and rg3, dammarane glycosides, of panax ginseng c. a. meyer (araliaceae), significantly attenuated glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. to seek more potent neuroprotective compounds, we attempted to modify the chemical structure of dammarane glycosides and obtained six derivatives, ma-11, pt-11, pt-111, poa-101, poa-111 and n-001. the neuroprotective activity of these dammarane derivatives were evaluated employing ... | 2000 | 11197079 |
| increased synaptic input to gonadotropin releasing hormone cells in preoptic area grafts that support reproductive development in female hypogonadal mice. | ultrastructural studies have established that gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neuronal cell bodies receive sparse synaptic input compared to other neuronal cell types. in the present studies, immunocytochemistry for the presynaptic marker synaptophysin, coupled with confocal microscopy, was employed to evaluate whether there was a difference in synaptic input to gnrh cells within preoptic area grafts (hypogonadal, hpg; preoptic area, poa) in hypogonadal female mice that did or did not show ... | 2001 | 11207941 |
| direct innervation of gnrh neurons by encephalic photoreceptors in birds. | in nonmammalian vertebrates, photic cues that regulate the timing of seasonal reproductive cyclicity are detected by nonretinal, nonpineal deep brain photoreceptors. it has long been assumed that the underlying mechanism involves the transmission of photic information from the photoreceptor to a circadian system, and thence to the reproductive axis. an alternative hypothesis is that there is direct communication between the brain photoreceptor and the reproductive axis. in the present study, lig ... | 2001 | 11220777 |
| estrogen biphasically modifies hypothalamic gabaergic function concomitantly with negative and positive control of luteinizing hormone release. | the principal role of estrogen is its control of the female ovulatory cycle via negative and positive feedback on gonadotropin secretion. however, a detailed, cohesive picture of how the steroid specifically regulates the excitability of hypothalamic neurons involved in the central control of gonadotropin secretion is still emerging. here, we used an ovariectomized female guinea pig model to test the hypothesis that estrogen acts on gabaergic neurons in the preoptic area (poa) to elicit a biphas ... | 2001 | 11245692 |
| prenatal morphine exposure alters estrogen regulation of kappa receptors in the cortex and poa of adult female rats but has no effects on these receptors in adult male rats. | the binding characteristics of kappa receptors were assessed in the frontal cortex (cx), striatum, hypothalamus, preoptic area (poa), cerebellum, and ventral tegmental area of adult male and female rats exposed prenatally to morphine or saline. prenatal morphine exposure altered estrogen regulation of kappa receptors in the cx and poa of females, but had no effects on kappa receptors in any of the examined brain regions in male rats. | 2001 | 11245827 |
| inhibition of interleukin-1beta and prostaglandin e(2) thermogenesis by glycyl-glutamine, a pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptide. | interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and other cytokines produce fever by stimulating prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) synthesis in thermoregulatory regions of the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus (poa/ah). prostaglandin e(2) is thought to raise body temperature, at least in part, by stimulating beta-endorphin release from pro-opiomelanocortin neurons that innervate the poa/ah. in this study, we investigated whether glycyl-glutamine (beta-endorphin(30-31)), an inhibitory dipeptide synthesized from bet ... | 2001 | 11251208 |
| preoptic area sleep-regulating mechanisms. | evidence is summarized for the existence of a sleep-regulating mechanism within the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, including the results of lesion, stimulation, and neuronal recording studies. recent findings employing the c-fos protein immunohistochemical method, have localized putative sleep-regulatory neurons to the ventrolateral preoptic area (vlpoa) and the median preoptic nucleus (mnpn). electrophysiological studies have confirmed the presence of neurons with sleep-related discharge in ... | 2001 | 11256189 |
| involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. | in natural environments, drought often occurs in surface soil while water is available for plant uptake deeper in the soil profile. the objective of the study was to examine the involvement of antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the responses of two cool-season grasses to surface soil drying. kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were grown in split tubes, consisting of two sections (each 10 cm in diameter and 20 cm long). grasses were su ... | 2001 | 11275219 |
| evidence from action and fluorescence spectra that uv-induced violet-blue-green fluorescence enhances leaf photosynthesis. | we assessed the contribution of uv-induced violet-blue-green leaf fluorescence to photosynthesis in poa annua, sorghum halepense and nerium oleander by measuring uv-induced fluorescence spectra (280-380 nm excitation, 400-550 nm emission) from leaf surfaces and determining the monochromatic uv action spectra for leaf photosynthetic o2-evolution. peak fluorescence emission wavelengths from leaf surfaces ranged from violet (408 nm) to blue (448 nm), while excitation peaks for these maxima ranged f ... | 2001 | 11281021 |
| effects of calcium on antioxidant activities and water relations associated with heat tolerance in two cool-season grasses. | calcium (ca2+) may be involved in plant tolerance to heat stress by regulating antioxidant metabolism or/and water relations. this study was designed to examine whether external ca2+ treatment would improve heat tolerance in two c(3), cool-season grass species, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea l.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), and to determine the physiological mechanisms of ca2+ effects on grass tolerance to heat stress. grasses were treated with cacl(2) (10 mm) or h(2)o by foliar ... | 2001 | 11283179 |
| isolation and characterization of major glycoproteins of pigeon egg white: ubiquitous presence of unique n-glycans containing galalpha1-4gal. | ovotransferrin (pot), two ovalbumins (poa(hi) and poa(lo)), and ovomucoid (pom) were isolated from pigeon egg white (pew). unlike their chicken egg white counterparts, pew glycoproteins contain terminal galalpha1-4gal, as evidenced by gs-i lectin (specific for terminal alpha-gal), anti-p(1) (galalpha1-4galbeta1-4glcnacbeta1-3galbeta1-4glcbeta1-1cer) monoclonal antibody, and p fimbriae on uropathogenic escherichia coli (specific for galalpha1-4gal). galalpha1-4gal on pew glycoproteins were found ... | 2001 | 11287422 |
| effects of neonatal exposure to a high-dose p-tert-octylphenol on the male reproductive tract in rats. | time-course alterations in morphological changes of the reproductive tract including spermatogenesis as well as pituitary and gonadal hormones, reproductive ability, and the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) were investigated in male rats neonatally exposed to 100 mg/kg p-tert-octylphenol (op) subcutaneously. op treatment affected hormone levels of follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) and testosterone, reproductive organ weights and sperm counts. slightly depres ... | 2001 | 11312034 |
| changes in preoptic and hypothalamic levels of progesterone receptor mrna across the oestrous cycle of the ewe. | we measured the levels of progesterone receptor (pr) mrna in the hypothalamus and preoptic area (poa) of the ewe across the oestrous cycle. perfusion-fixed hypothalamic tissue was collected from sheep killed during the luteal and follicular phases and during behavioural oestrus. blood samples taken at the time of tissue collection verified that the oestrous ewes were undergoing a preovulatory luteinizing hormone (lh) surge. matched sections were taken from the poa, periventricular nucleus (pevn) ... | 2001 | 11328448 |
| an accurate analytical approach to electron crystallography. | a much more accurate analytical expression of dynamical electron diffraction than the phase object approximation (poa) formula has been derived in this paper which decreases the restriction of sample thickness up to almost one order of magnitude compared to poa theory. the importance of the new expression is twofold. first, a sample with such a thickness that new expression remains valid can be prepared experimentally. second, the new expression reveals a clear and straightforward relationship b ... | 2001 | 11334165 |
| coumestrol antagonizes neuroendocrine actions of estrogen via the estrogen receptor alpha. | the phytoestrogen coumestrol has estrogenic actions on peripheral reproductive tissues. yet in the brain this compound has both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects. we used estrogen receptor alpha knockout mice (eralphako) to determine whether coumestrol has estrogenic actions in mice and also if these effects are mediated by the classic eralpha. female wild-type (wt) and eralphako mice were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol (e2), dietary coumestrol, both, or neither compound. ten day ... | 2001 | 11368421 |
| kentucky bluegrass. | | 2001 | 11379814 |
| an equine mystery in the bluegrass. an epidemic is killing kentucky's finest foals. | | 2001 | 11383129 |
| increased noradrenaline release from rat preoptic area during and after sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. | to study the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on noradrenaline release from the rat preoptic area (poa). | 2001 | 11394514 |
| effects of food deprivation and refeeding on neuropeptide y (npy) mrna levels in goldfish. | in mammals, npy is a key factor in the regulation of feeding behavior. in the present study, the effects of refeeding for 1-3 h in 72-75-h food deprived (fd) goldfish on the levels of npy mrna in telencephalon-preoptic (tel-poa), hypothalamus (hyp) and optic tectum-thalamus (ot-thal) were examined, using northern blot analysis. goldfish fd for 72 h exhibited a significant increase in npy mrna levels in all brain regions. at 1 h after 72-h fd (73-h fd), npy mrna was significantly increased in tel ... | 2001 | 11399499 |
| incomplete ecdysis is an indicator of ecdysteroid exposure in daphnia magna. | daphnia magna were exposed for 21 d to the ecdysteroids, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-e), the accepted molting hormone, and ponasterone a (poa), an ecdysteroid found in some crustaceans and many plants. daphnids were monitored for alterations in molting, fecundity, and survival time. the 20-e elicited no significant effects on molting frequency, and its significant effects on reproduction were only at concentrations (260 nm) associated with premature death caused by incomplete ecdysis. we also examine ... | 2001 | 11434299 |
| aging-related increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytotoxicity markers in rat hypothalamic regions associated with male reproductive function. | we have previously demonstrated that the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) protein and total nos activity increase in the hypothalamus and other regions of the male rat brain during aging. we have now tested the hypothesis that increased inos results in excessive nitric oxide (no) and peroxynitrite production, and leads to increased apoptosis in cns cells, including the gnrh and oxytocin hypothalamic neurons involved in the control of male reproductive function. young (3-month-old) and old ... | 2001 | 11435753 |
| penicillin productivity and glutathione-dependent detoxification of phenylacetic and phenoxyacetic acids in penicillium chrysogenum. | both toxicity and penicillin productivity of the hydroxylated derivatives of phenylacetic acid (pa) and phenoxyacetic acid (poa) were highly dependent on the position of hydroxylation on the aromatic ring in penicillium chrysogenum. hydroxylation at position 2 diminished penicillin production but the compounds retained most of their toxicity. on the other hand, hydroxylation at position 4 resulted in barely toxic derivatives with still significant penicillin productivity. 3-hydroxy-pa was a weak ... | 2001 | 11441461 |
| tannins in puccinellia arctica: possible deterrents to herbivory by canada geese. | urban populations of canada geese, branta canadensis, pose a nuisance problem throughout most of the eastern united states and in other parts of the united states and canada. puccinellia arctica is a species of arctic grass that is unpalatable to canada geese on the north slope of alaska and may prove to be an effective long-term and nonlethal means of controlling the growing populations of urban canada geese. a comparative study of the secondary metabolites of both p. arctica and puccinellia la ... | 2001 | 11446296 |
| concentration of neuropeptide y, galanin, &bgr;-endorphin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and gonadotropin releasing hormone in the hypothalamus of gilts during the estrous cycle. | numerous reports indicate that peptides isolated from the brain such as beta-endorphin (beta-end), neuropeptide y (npy), galanin (gal) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), modulate secretion of gonadotropins and prolactin. the objective of the present experiment was to determine concentrations of npy, gal, beta-end, vip and gnrh in the preoptic area (poa), medial basal hypothalamus (mbh) and pituitary stalk-median eminence (sme) during the estrous cycle in the pig. gilts were slaughtered on d ... | 1999 | 11458205 |
| environmental residues and biomonitoring estimates of human insecticide exposure from treated residential turf. | intentional and unavoidable human exposure is a consequence of using pesticides to nurture and protect residential turf. limited exposure studies have been conducted for assessing potential human exposure of turf residues. exposure was measured in persons who performed a 20-minute structured activity (jazzercise) on chlorpyrifos (cp)-treated kentucky bluegrass (12 +/- 4 microg cp/cm(2)). cp exposure was measured by determining urine clearance of the 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (tcp). study parti ... | 2001 | 11462149 |
| the endocrine disrupters butyl benzyl phthalate and bisphenol a increase the expression of progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the preoptic area of adult ovariectomized rats. | butyl benzyl phthalate (bbp) and bisphenol a (bpa), so-called endocrine disrupters, are known to mimic the action of estrogens: they are thus liable to influence reproductive functions. since little is known about their action on gene expression in the adult hypothalamus, we examined the effects of these chemicals on the expression of estrogen-regulated mrnas, i.e., progesterone receptor (pr) mrna, preproenkephalin (ppe) mrna and neurotensin (nt) mrna, in the hypothalamus and pituitary of adult ... | 2001 | 11474214 |
| alterations in hypothalamic insulin-like growth factor-i and its associations with gonadotropin releasing hormone neurones during reproductive development and ageing. | insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) is thought to play a role in the onset of reproductive ability at puberty and the control of reproductive function throughout adult life. it is believed that these effects are mediated at least in part by the activation of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurones by igf-i, but the interactions of igf-i with gnrh neurones in vivo are largely unknown. we first examined the anatomical relationship between gnrh and igf-i cells in neuroendocrine regions. usi ... | 2001 | 11489090 |
| extracellular serotonin variations during vigilance states in the preoptic area of rats: a microdialysis study. | numerous studies have shown that serotonergic transmission decreases from waking (w) to slow wave sleep (sws) to paradoxical sleep (ps), suggesting an active role of serotonin (5-ht) in w but not in sleep. conversely, the inhibition of 5-ht activity produces insomnia. this insomnia can be reversed by injections of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the preoptic area (poa), suggesting that 5-ht is necessary in this cerebral structure for sleep. using microdialysis, we studied, 5-ht variations in the poa of r ... | 2001 | 11489253 |
| vasopressin into the preoptic area increases grooming behavior in mice. | in mice, the neuropeptide arginine-8-vasopressin (avp) induces excessive grooming, scratching, and hyperactivity when administered intracerebroventricularly. in hamsters, avp infusion into the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (mpoa/ah) increases flank marking and flank mark grooming. we measured the behavioral effects of administration of avp (0, 1, and 10 ng/250 nl) into the preoptic area (poa) of male c57bl/6 mice. administration of avp into the poa induced robust effects on grooming ... | 2001 | 11495648 |
| seasonal leaching and biodegradation of dicamba in turfgrass. | the leaching of surface-applied herbicides, such as dicamba (2methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid), to ground water is an environmental concern. seasonal changes in soil temperature and water content, affecting infiltration and biodegradation, may control leaching. the objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the leaching of dicamba applied to turfgrass, (ii) measure the degradation rate of dicamba in soil and thatch in the laboratory under simulated field conditions, and (iii) test the abi ... | 2001 | 11476515 |
| steroid hormone influence on brain calbindin-d(28k) in male prepubertal and ovariectomized rats. | calbindin-d(28k) (calb), a calcium-binding protein, is thought to buffer intracellular calcium levels in neurons playing several important roles during central nervous system development such as, protecting against apoptosis (programmed cell death), neurodegenerative diseases and influencing sexually dimorphic brain structures. while preliminary research indicates that calbindin levels are modulated by steroids, there has not yet been a comprehensive study to determine the role androgens, androg ... | 2001 | 11506857 |
| projections from the arcuate/ventromedial region of the hypothalamus to the preoptic area and bed nucleus of stria terminalis in the brain of the ewe; lack of direct input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. | this study aimed to determine whether cells in the region of the arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (arc/vmh) project to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) cells in the preoptic area (poa) and diagonal band of broca (dbb) of the female sheep brain. an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (bda), was injected (70 nl) into the arc/vmh (n=7) and the brains were perfused 3 weeks later. bda terminals were mainly found in the dbb, poa and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (bnst ... | 2001 | 11516406 |
| the noradrenergic inhibition of an apamin-sensitive, small-conductance ca2+-activated k+ channel in hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons: pharmacology, estrogen sensitivity, and relevance to the control of the reproductive axis. | the present study sought to determine whether small-conductance, ca2+-activated k+ currents underlie the afterhyperpolarization (ahp) in neurons of the preoptic area (poa), a brain region important in controlling reproduction. we used an ovariectomized, female guinea pig model to test two hypotheses: 1) the current associated with the ahp (i(ahp)) regulates the firing rate of poa neurons and 2) amine neurotransmitters modulate it in a gonadal steroid-sensitive manner. intracellular recordings fo ... | 2001 | 11561059 |
| rna-binding properties of the 63 kda protein encoded by the triple gene block of poa semilatent hordeivirus. | the 63 kda '63k' movement protein encoded by the triple gene block of poa semilatent virus (pslv) comprises the c-terminal ntpase/helicase domain and the n-terminal extension domain, which contains two positively charged sequence motifs, a and b. in this study, the in vitro rna-binding properties of pslv 63k and its mutants were analysed. membrane-immobilized 63k and n-63k (isolated n-terminal extension domain) bound rna at high nacl concentrations. in contrast, c-63k (isolated ntpase/helicase d ... | 2001 | 11562549 |
| altered sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) volume in adult long-evans rats by dietary soy phytoestrogens. | naturally occurring estrogen-like molecules in plants (phytoestrogens), present via soy, in animal diets can alter morphology and physiology in rodents. phytoestrogens have the ability to bind estrogen receptors and exert many of the biological responses evoked by physiological estrogens. this study characterized the effects of dietary phytoestrogens on the expression of body and prostate weight, circulating testosterone and estradiol levels, puberty onset, vaginal cyclicity, and volume of the s ... | 2001 | 11578601 |
| development of a field bioassay for the side-effects of herbicides on vascular plants using brassica napus and poa annua. | a field bioassay method has been developed for assessing side-effects of herbicides on brassica napus and poa annua. the test method aims at effects outside the target area, up to 20 m from the treated parcel. experiments were conducted in the field and in a glasshouse with the herbicides atrazin, bentazone, diquat, glyphosate, and r(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) mcpa. an iterative procedure was used with the aim of developing a sound test procedure. the resulting method appeared to be ve ... | 2001 | 11594026 |
| prostanoids in the preoptic hypothalamus mediate systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperalgesia in rats. | the systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (lps), an experimental model of systemic bacterial infection is known to modulate nociception. it increases the prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) levels in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (poa) and the microinjection of pge(2) into the poa and the neighboring basal forebrain induces hyperalgesia. we, therefore, hypothesized that the pge(2) synthesized in these regions mediates intravenous (i.v.) lps-induced hyperalgesia. to test this hypothesis, ... | 2001 | 11597589 |
| black cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larval emigration and biomass in mixtures of endophytic perennial ryegrass and kentucky bluegrass. | studies examined the possibility that mixtures of endophytic perennial ryegrass and kentucky bluegrass provide resistance against larvae of the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel). we hypothesized that resistance against a. ipsilon in such stands would stem from the influence of kentucky bluegrass on a. ipsilon growth and behavior rather than the influence of endophytic perennial rvegrass. in replicated greenhouse experiments, black cutworm larvae initially emigrated more quickly from pots ... | 2001 | 11681682 |
| profiling gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba(a)) receptor subunit mrna expression in postnatal gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons of the male mouse with single cell rt-pcr. | the present investigation has examined which subunits of the gaba(a) receptor are expressed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons in the juvenile and adult male mouse. cells of defined morphology, located in the medial septum (ms) and rostral preoptic area (poa), were patch-clamped in the acute brain slice preparation and their cell contents extracted. a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure using nested primers was used to establish individual gnrh mrna-e ... | 2001 | 11694762 |
| prenatal exposure of testosterone prevents sdn-poa neurons of postnatal male rats from apoptosis through nmda receptor. | the role of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor in mediating the effect of testosterone exposure prenatally on neuronal apoptosis in the sexual dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) of rats was studied. the endogenous testosterone was diminished by prenatal stress (pns) or simulated by testosterone exposure (te) to understand the effect of testosterone on nr(1) (a functional subunit protein of nmda receptor) expression and neuronal apoptosis. to further study whether the testosterone ... | 2001 | 11698527 |
| dynamic changes in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone transcriptional activity are associated with the steroid-induced lh surge. | luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh) gene transcription was examined in ovariectomized female rats on the day of a steroid-induced lh surge using the rnase protection assay. lhrh mrna levels were measured in cytosolic extracts, and lhrh primary transcript levels were measured in nuclear extracts prepared from tissue fragments that contained the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (ovlt) and the preoptic area (poa). measurements of both mature and primary transcript levels demonst ... | 2001 | 11730703 |
| orexins/hypocretins excite basal forebrain cholinergic neurones. | the orexins (orexin a and b, also known as hypocretin 1 and 2) are two recently identified neuropeptides (de lecea et al., 1998; sakurai et al., 1998) which are importantly implicated in the control of wakefulness (for reviews see hungs and mignot, 2001; van den pol, 2000; willie et al., 2001 ). indeed, alteration in these peptides' precursor, their receptors or the hypothalamic neurones that produce them leads to the sleep disorder narcolepsy (chemelli et al., 1999; lin et al., 1999; peyron et ... | 2001 | 11734353 |
| immunochemical characterization of two pichia pastoris-derived recombinant group 5 dactylis glomerata isoallergens. | grass pollen of the poaceae grasses are known to be highly allergenic. major allergens from the species lolium, phleum, poa and holcus have been cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins, but of the important species dactylis glomerata no recombinants are available. | 2001 | 11752876 |
| changes in fos expression in various brain regions during deoxycorticosterone acetate treatment: relation to salt appetite, vasopressin mrna and the mineralocorticoid receptor. | salt appetite, a conditioning factor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, is produced when high doses of mineralocorticoids are given to experimental animals. a commonly used procedure to identify neuronal activation is to determine the number of fos-immunoreactive cells. in rats with established salt appetite after 8 days of deoxycorticosterone acetate (doca) treatment, fos-positive cells were studied in seven brain areas. significant increases in fos activity were recorded in the para ... | 2001 | 11752896 |
| inhibition of [3h]ponasterone a binding by ecdysone agonists in the intact kc cell line. | inhibition of the binding of [3h]ponasterone a ([3h]poa) by ecdysone agonists including diacylhydrazines such as rh-5849, tebufenozide (rh-5992) and methoxyfenozide (rh-2485) was examined in intact drosophila kc cells. the reciprocal logarithm of the concentration at which there is 50% inhibition of [3h]poa binding, pic(50) (m), was determined as the binding activity for all compounds from each concentration-response curve. the order of the activity was poa>20-hydroxyecdysone>cyasterone>inokoste ... | 2002 | 11755060 |
| sexual dimorphism of brain aromatase activity in medaka: induction of a female phenotype by estradiol. | in this study we identified sex-dependent dimorphism of brain aromatase in the teleost medaka and examined its regulation by sex steriods. we first investigated differential distribution of brain aromatase activity in sexually mature male and female medaka in serial coronal sections of the brain and identified the hypothalamic nuclei contained in each section using the brain atlas of medaka. in the brain of male medaka, high levels of activity are localized in sections containing the preoptic (p ... | 2001 | 11333187 |
| the modified bluegrass appliance. | | 2001 | 11764604 |
| supplementing pasture to lactating holsteins fed a total mixed ration diet. | beginning in september 1997, a 6-week study was conducted to compare performance and income-over-feed cost of lactating holsteins cows fed either a total mixed ration diet (tmr) only, compared to tmr in the afternoon and pasture in the morning, or tmr in the morning and pasture in the afternoon. fifty-four holstein cows in midlactation, averaging 28.1 kg/d of milk, were used in the study. cows were on pasture for 8 h/d after either the p.m. or the a.m. milking. predominantly orchardgrass with le ... | 2001 | 11768087 |
| seasonal activity and spatial distribution of host-seeking adults of the tick dermacentor variabilis. | the seasonal temporal and spatial distribution and emergence of overwintering and summer cohorts of host-seeking american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say) (acari: ixodidae), adults were examined for 5 years in the bluegrass region of kentucky. weekly drag cloth sampling was conducted from early march until late september 1992-1995 and early march until the end of may 1996. overwintering adult cohorts became active in early to mid-april followed by bimodal host-seeking activity each year, w ... | 2001 | 11776460 |
| association of insects and ergot (claviceps purpurea) in kentucky bluegrass seed production fields. | insects in kentucky bluegrass seed production fields in oregon, idaho, and washington were sampled just before harvest and their association with ergot conidia of claviceps purpurea fr. (tul.) was evaluated during 1996-1998. a diversity of insects was observed at all three locations. the most abundant beneficial insects collected with sweep nets were nysium spp., nabis spp., ichneumonid wasps, and hippodamia spp. the cranberry girdler, chrysoteuchia topiaria (zeller), was the only important pest ... | 2001 | 11777051 |
| influence of diet composition on food intake and neuropeptide y (npy) gene expression in goldfish brain. | in this study, goldfish demonstrate preference for high carbohydrate and high fat diets, with no preference shown for high protein diets. fish fed high (45% and 55%) carbohydrate (cho) diets for 1 and 4 weeks exhibited decreased npy gene expression in telencephalon-preoptic area (tel-poa) and optic tectum-thalamus (ot-thal) compared to fish fed low cho (35% and 40%) diets. in hypothalamus (hyp), npy gene expression was significantly increased after 1 week in fish fed both low and high cho diets ... | 2002 | 11786146 |
| the modified bluegrass appliance. | | 2000 | 11314365 |
| the glutathione metabolism of the beta-lactam producer filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum. | glutathione (gamma-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine; gsh) shares structural similarities with the beta-lactam biosynthetic intermediate acv-tripeptide (delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine). not surprisingly, gsh has been reported to inhibit the beta-lactam biosynthetic machinery quite effectively and, hence, strategies to decrease the intracellular gsh concentrations without influencing negatively the physiological status of idiophasic mycelia would attract industrial interests. here ... | 2001 | 11791340 |
| selective regulation of glutamic decarboxylase isoform 65, but not isoform 67, in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the preoptic area of the ewe brain across the estrous cycle. | gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons in the preoptic area (poa) of the brain may regulate gnrh neurons. the level of expression of two isoforms (65 and 67) of glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) in the ewe brain was determined across the estrous cycle by in situ hybridization. gad mrna expression (cell number and silver grains/cell) was examined in the subdivisions of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (bnst), in the diagonal band of broca, and the poa. the number of cells expressing gad(65) and gad(6 ... | 2002 | 11796509 |
| conditions that may affect the results of susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis to pyrazinamide. | pyrazinamide (pza) is an important front-line anti-tuberculosis drug that is active only at acid ph. however, acid ph causes significant difficulty for pza susceptibility testing. a common problem in pza testing is false resistance caused by large bacterial inocula. this study investigated the relationship of false resistance to numbers of bacilli, ph and other factors that potentially affect susceptibility to pza. large inocula (10(7-8) bacilli/ml) of m. tuberculosis h37ra caused significant in ... | 2002 | 11800471 |
| role of the preoptic carbon monoxide pathway in endotoxin fever in rats. | recently, we have reported that the heme oxygenase (ho)-carbon monoxide (co) pathway plays an important role in the genesis of lps fever, acting through a cgmp signaling pathway in the brain, but the site of action remains unclear. thus, the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the ho-co pathway mediates fever by acting on the preoptic region of the anterior hypothalamus (poa), which is the brain body core temperature (t(c)) controller site. to this end, the t(c) of rats was mo ... | 2002 | 11814429 |