| acute and chronic toxicity of benzotriazoles to aquatic organisms. | purpose: resulting from their intensive use as corrosion inhibitors in aircraft deicing and anti-icing fluids (adaf) and for silver protection in dishwasher detergents benzotriazoles (bts) are widespread in european surface waters. the current study aimed on an ecotoxicological characterization of 1h-benzotriazole (1h-bt) and 5-methyl-1h-benzotriazole (5mbt). methods: acute and chronic oecd guideline tests were c ... | 2011 | 22203403 |
| survival, reproduction, growth, and parasite resistance of aquatic organisms exposed on-site to wastewater treated by advanced treatment processes. | advanced wastewater treatment technologies are generally known to be an effective tool for reducing micropollutant discharge into the aquatic environment. nevertheless, some processes such as ozonation result in stable transformation products with often unknown toxicity. in the present study, whole effluents originating from nine different steps of advanced treatment combinations were compared for their aquatic toxicity. assessed endpoints were survival, growth and reproduction of lumbriculus va ... | 2017 | 28284153 |
| [assimilation of nitrate in the dark by lemna minor l]. | 1. lemna minor is able to reduce nitrate in the dark when the nutrient medium contains yeast extract and glucose in addition to minerals salts. 2. when organic n is offered as a source of n in addition to nitrate, the former is assimilated preferentially, but both assimilation processes take place simultaneously. 3. assimilation of nitrate in the dark under ecological conditions can be excluded. | 1970 | 24500129 |
| evaluation of the hazardous impact of landfill leachates by toxicity and biodegradability tests. | the aim of our research was to assess the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of leachates originating from two parts of a municipal landfill before and after biological treatment in the existing treatment plant. biotests represent important tools for adequate environmental characterization of landfill leachates and could be helpful in reliable assessment and monitoring of the treatment plant efficiency. for ecotoxicity testing of landfill leachate before and after biological treatment, different o ... | 2011 | 21970176 |
| Phytotoxicity testing of lysimeter leachates from aided phytostabilized Cu-contaminated soils using duckweed (Lemna minor L.). | Aided phytostabilization of a Cu-contaminated soil was conducted at a wood preservation site located in southwest France using outdoor lysimeters to study leaching from the root zone and leachate ecotoxicity. The effects of Cu-tolerant plants (Agrostis gigantea L. and Populus trichocarpa x deltoides cv. Beaupré) and four amendments were investigated with seven treatments: untreated soil without plants (UNT) and with plants (PHYTO), and planted soils amended with compost (OM, 5% per air-dried soi ... | 2011 | 22000292 |
| biological removal of azo and triphenylmethane dyes and toxicity of process by-products. | increasing environmental pollution is connected with broad applications of dyes and imperfection of dyeing technology. decolourization of triphenylmethane brilliant green and disazo evans blue by bacterial and fungal strains and toxicity (phyto- and zootoxicity) of degradation by-products were investigated. influence of incubation method on dyes removal was evaluated (static, semi-static, shaken). dead biomass was used for sorption estimation. toxicity of treated dyes was measured to estimate po ... | 2011 | 22593606 |
| stress responses of duckweed (lemna minor l.) and water velvet (azolla filiculoides lam.) to anionic surfactant sodium-dodecyl-sulphate (sds). | surfactants are used for several purposes and recently they have attracted the attention for their ability to modify the behavior of other preexistent or co-disposed contaminants, although their use or discharge in wastewaters can represent a real or potential risk for the environment. lemna minor l. and azolla filiculoides lam. are floating aquatic macrophytes, very effective in accumulating several pollutants including sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds). in this work we evaluated the effects of sds ... | 2011 | 22277247 |
| [studies on the role of silicic acid in the development of higher plants]. | germanium acid, a specific inhibitor of the silicic acid metabolism in diatoms, inhibits the growth of sinapis alba, lemna minor, wolffia arrhiza, nicotiana tabacum, tradescantia spec, zinnia elegans, and secale cereale when applied in the same concentrations as those used in the case of diatoms (15-75 μg geo2/ml medium). the growth of aspergillus niger, phycomyces blakesleanus, escherichia coli k 12, euglena gracilis and pandorina morum is not influenced by these and higher concentrations of ge ... | 1967 | 24549376 |
| cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and phytotoxicity of tannery effluent discharged into palar river basin, tamil nadu, india. | ambur, a town located on the banks of palar river, is considered one of the most polluted areas in india and occupied by hundreds of tanneries and leather product units. the present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of discharged tannery effluent (te) on model agricultural crops, ecofriendly microorganisms, and human blood cells. the phytotoxic effects of te tested on allium cepa and lemna minor revealed inhibition of root growth and significant reduction in number of fronds, prote ... | 2015 | 26839546 |
| genetic transformation of indian isolate of lemna minor mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens and recovery of transgenic plants. | transgenic plants of an indian isolate of lemna minor have been developed for the first time using agrobacterium tumefaciens and hard nodular cell masses 'nodular calli' developed on the bap - pretreated daughter frond explants in b5 medium containing sucrose (1.0 %) with 2,4-d (5.0 μm) and 2-ip (50.0 μm) or 2,4-d (50.0 μm) and tdz (5.0 μm) under light conditions. these calli were co-cultured with a. tumefaciens strain eha105 harboring a binary vector that contained genes for β-glucuronidase wit ... | 2011 | 23573002 |
| the fate of the herbicide propanil in plants of the littoral zone of the three gorges reservoir (tgr), china. | the anti-seasonal hydrology with 30m water fluctuations in the three gorges reservoir (tgr) of china attracts growing environmental and ecological concerns. we investigated the biotransformation of the herbicide propanil in plants dominating in the littoral zone of the tgr by applying the (14)c-ring-labeled herbicide into non-aseptic hydroponic plant systems (cynodon dactylon, nelumbo nucifera and bidens pilosa), aseptic plants (lemna minor and lemna gibba) and cell suspension cultures (c. dacty ... | 2016 | 27745669 |
| antibacterial, anti-fungal and phytotoxic activities of ferula narthex boiss. | crude methanolic extract of roots, aerial parts and its subsequent fractions of ferula narthex boiss were tested for antibacterial, anti-fungal and phytotoxic activities. crude methanolic extract of roots and its fractions showed significant antibacterial effect against p.aeruginosa (86.95%, 73.91, 69.59, 78.26 & 73.91%) represented by percent inhibition except ethyl acetate (etoac) fraction. the etoac fraction of roots and aerial parts showed significant activity against e. coli (80%), s. t ... | 2014 | 25362591 |
| acute and chronic toxicity of betanal®expert and its active ingredients on nontarget aquatic organisms from different trophic levels. | as a way to improve the efficacy to target organisms, new pesticide generation is based on technologically advanced coformulations of two or more active ingredients. one example is betanal®expert, a postemergence herbicide composed of an advanced micro droplet coformulation of phenmedipham, desmedipham, and ethofumesate. although its composed formulation brings an increase in the pesticide performance, it can also enhance its toxicity to nontarget species. therefore, the present study intends to ... | 2011 | 21374783 |
| covalent dimerization of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase subunits by uv radiation. | the effect of uv radiation (uv-a, uv-b and uv-c) on ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from a variety of plant species was examined. the exposition of plant leaves or the pure enzyme to uv radiation produced a uv-dependent accumulation of a +5 kda polypeptide (p65). different approaches were utilized to elucidate the origin and structure of p65: electrophoretic and fluorographic analyses of 35s-labelled ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase exposed to uv radiation and immunological experiments using ... | 1996 | 8761476 |
| assessment of a full-scale duckweed pond system for septage treatment. | environmental conditions and wastewater treatment performance in a full-scale duckweed pond system are presented. the treatment system consisted of three stabilization ponds in series and was fed with septage. vacuum trucks pumped the septage from residential holding tanks and discharged it to the system daily. the inflow rates averaged 36 m3 d(-1) in the cold season and 60 m3 d(-1) in the warm season. duckweed (lemna minor) colonized the ponds in the warm months and survived during the cold sea ... | 2011 | 21879554 |
| isolation and partial characterization of apiogalacturonans from the cell wall of lemna minor. | 1. a mild, reproducible extraction procedure, using 0.5% ammonium oxalate, was developed for the isolation of polysaccharides containing d-apiose from the cell wall of lemna minor. on a dry-weight basis the polysaccharide fractions extracted with ammonium oxalate made up 14% of the material designated cell walls and contained 20% of the d-apiose originally present in the cell walls. the cell walls, as isolated, contained 83% of the d-apiose present in l. minor. 2. after extraction with ammonium ... | 2014 | 4314131 |
| xenobiotics removal from polluted water by a multifunctional constructed wetland. | removal efficiencies on xenobiotics from polluted water in a twin-shaped constructed wetland consisting of a vertical flow chamber with the crop plant colocasia esculenta l. schott and a reverse vertical flow one with ischaemum aristatum var. glaucum honda, were assessed by chemical analysis and bioassays. after a four-month period of application, removal efficiencies of the applied pesticides parathion and omethoate were 100% with no detectable parathion and omethoate in the effluent. for the a ... | 2002 | 12152743 |
| effect of ph and temperature on the uptake of cadmium by lemna minor l. | | 2007 | 1932869 |
| simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam exploded duckweed: improvement of the ethanol yield by increasing yeast titre. | this study investigated the conversion of lemna minor biomass to bioethanol. the biomass was pre-treated by steam explosion (se, 210°c, 10 min) and then subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) using cellic® ctec 2 (20 u or 0.87 fpu g(-1) substrate) cellulase plus β-glucosidase (2 u g(-1) substrate) and a yeast inoculum of 10% (v/v or 8.0×10(7) cells ml(-1)). at a substrate concentration of 1% (w/v) an ethanol yield of 80% (w/w, theoretical) was achieved. however at a su ... | 2015 | 26210138 |
| growing lemna minor in agricultural wastewater and converting the duckweed biomass to ethanol. | duckweed (lemna minor) was grown in swine lagoon wastewater and schenk & hildebrandt medium with a growth rate of 3.5 and 14.1 g m(-2)day(-1) (dry basis), respectively detected. the rapid accumulation of starch in duckweed biomass (10-36%, w/w) was triggered by nutrient starvation or growing in dark with addition of glucose. the harvested duckweed biomass (from culture in wastewater) contained 20.3% (w/w) total glucan, 32.3% (w/w) proteins, trace hemicellulose and undetectable lignin. without pr ... | 2012 | 22985823 |
| common duckweed (lemna minor) is a versatile high-throughput infection model for the burkholderia cepacia complex and other pathogenic bacteria. | members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) have emerged in recent decades as problematic pulmonary pathogens of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, with severe infections progressing to acute necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis. this study presents evidence that lemna minor (common duckweed) is useful as a plant model for the bcc infectious process, and has potential as a model system for bacterial pathogenesis in general. to investigate the relationship between bcc virulence in duckweed and gall ... | 2013 | 24223216 |
| ecotoxicological effects evoked in hydrophytes by leachates of invasive acer negundo and autochthonous alnus glutinosa fallen off leaves during their microbial decomposition. | throughout 90-day biodegradation under microaerobic conditions, invasive to lithuania species boxelder maple (acer negundo) leaves lost 1.5-fold more biomass than that of autochthonous black alder (alnus glutinosa), releasing higher contents of n(tot), ammonium and generating higher bod(7). boxelder maple leaf leachates were characterized by higher total bacterial numbers and colony numbers of heterotrophic and cellulose-decomposing bacteria than those of black alder. the higher toxicity of a. n ... | 2013 | 23202636 |
| phytotoxins from the leaves of laggera decurrens. | upon biological screening of a series of african medicinal plants, substantial phytotoxic activity was found in the leaves of laggera decurrens (vahl.) hepper & wood (asteraceae), using a lemna minor bioassay. bioassay-guided fractionation of the leaves led to the isolation of two physiologically active compounds: 3-hydroxythymoquinone and 5-acetoxy-2-hydroxythymol, causing death of lemna minor in the 25-100 microm range. symptoms were a rapidly developing chlorosis, followed by necrosis of fron ... | 1999 | 10552505 |
| acceleration of catalase and peroxidase activities in lemna minor l. and allium cepa l. in response to low levels of aquatic mercury. | the purpose of this study was to assess certain physiological responses of lemna minor l. (duckweed) and allium cepa l. (onion) to aquatic mercury at low concentrations. following a 96-h exposure of plants to nutrient medium contaminated with known levels of mercuric chloride (hgcl(2)), 0.001 to 4 mg litre(-1) (0.0007 to 2.95 mg hg litre(-1)) or methyl mercuric chloride (mehgcl(2)), 0.0001 to 0.1 mg litre(-1) (0.0007 to 0.07 mg hg litre(-1)), the physiological endpoints measured were the growth ... | 1991 | 15092159 |
| environmental behavior of the chiral insecticide fipronil: enantioselective toxicity, distribution and transformation in aquatic ecosystem. | the enantioselective environmental behaviors of the chiral insecticide fipronil and its metabolites in lab-scale aquatic ecosystems were studied and the toxicity of fipronil enantiomers and the metabolites to non-target organisms lemna minor (l. minor) and anodonta woodiana (a. woodiana) was also investigated in this work. water-sediment, water-l. minor, water-a. woodiana, and water-sediment-l. minor-a. woodiana ecosystems were set up and exposed to fipronil through a 90-day period. the results ... | 2016 | 27614034 |
| effect of cations on the elution of pectic polysaccharides from anion-exchange resins. | conditions for quantitatively eluting six plant pectic polysaccharides from diethylaminoethyl (deae)-columns were established. cations, surprisingly, greatly affected the elution of pectic polysaccharides from these anion-exchange columns. quantitative elution of apple pectic acid was achieved when columns of deae-sephadex a-25 and deae-trisacryl plus-m were developed with 0.5 m nh4cl, 0.5 m licl, or 0.5 m cscl in buffer. in contrast, up to 1 m nacl and kcl in buffer only eluted 6.3 to 54% of th ... | 1995 | 8572266 |
| sulphur flux through the sulphate assimilation pathway is differently controlled by adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate reductase under stress and in transgenic poplar plants overexpressing gamma-ecs, so, or apr. | sulphate assimilation provides reduced sulphur for the synthesis of cysteine, methionine, and numerous other essential metabolites and secondary compounds. the key step in the pathway is the reduction of activated sulphate, adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate (aps), to sulphite catalysed by aps reductase (apr). in the present study, [(35)s]sulphur flux from external sulphate into glutathione (gsh) and proteins was analysed to check whether apr controls the flux through the sulphate assimilation pathway ... | 2010 | 19923196 |
| regulation of sulfate assimilation in arabidopsis and beyond. | sulfate assimilation is a pathway used by prokaryotes, fungi and photosynthetic organisms to convert inorganic sulfate to sulfide, which is further incorporated into carbon skeletons of amino acids to form cysteine or homocysteine. the pathway is highly regulated in a demand-driven manner; however, this regulation is not necessarily identical in various plant species. therefore, our knowledge of the regulation of sulfate assimilation is reviewed here in detail with emphasis on different plant sp ... | 2006 | 16464881 |
| degradation and ecotoxicity of the biomedical drug artemisinin in soil. | the plant artemisia annua l. is cropped in many countries for production of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. artemisinin is phytotoxic and has insecticidal activity. large-scale cultivation of a. annua may cause transfer of artemisinin to soil and, hence, may affect both soil organisms and the aquatic environment if the compound is leachable. in the present study, a new method for extraction of artemisinin from soil was developed, and field concentrations and degradation kinetics of artemisini ... | 2009 | 19391681 |
| assessing the ecological long-term impact of wastewater irrigation on soil and water based on bioassays and chemical analyses. | the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation and groundwater recharge can counteract water scarcity and reduce pollution of surface waters, but assessing its environmental risk should likewise consider effects associated to the soil. the present study therefore aimed at determining the impact of wastewater irrigation on the habitat quality of water after soil passage and of soil after percolation by applying bioassays and chemical analysis. lab-scale columns of four different soils encompassin ... | 2015 | 26207878 |
| ecotoxicity of climbazole, a fungicide contained in antidandruff shampoo. | emerging pollutants such as personal care products can reach the environment via effluents from wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) and digested sludge. only recently, the antidandruff agent and antimycotic climbazole was detected for the first time in a wwtp effluent with concentrations up to 0.5 µg/l. climbazole acts as a c14-demethylase inhibitor (dmi) fungicide and thus has a high efficacy against fungi, but knowledge of its potential environmental impact is lacking. therefore, the aim of th ... | 2013 | 23982925 |
| phosphogypsum as a soil fertilizer: ecotoxicity of amended soil and elutriates to bacteria, invertebrates, algae and plants. | phosphogypsum (pg) is a metal and radionuclide rich-waste produced by the phosphate ore industry, which has been used as soil fertilizer in many parts of the world for several decades. the positive effects of pg in ameliorating some soil properties and increasing crop yields are well documented. more recently concerns are emerging related with the increase of metal/radionuclide residues on soils and crops. however, few studies have focused on the impact of pg applications on soil biota, as well ... | 2015 | 25855616 |
| bioassay analysis of efficacy of phytoremediation in decontamination of coal mine effluent. | phytoremediation efficacy of lemna minor and azolla pinnata in decontaminating metals from coal mine effluent (cme) was analyzed using bioassays. catfish heteropneustes fossilis were exposed to both the phytoremediated cmes for the metal bioaccumulation analysis and biochemical alteration in seven vital tissues. gross concentration of metals accumulated in liver, kidneys, air breathing organs (abo), skin and muscle were greater in fish exposed to a. pinnata remediated cme (ap-cme) than those exp ... | 2013 | 23566881 |
| phytoremediation of the coalmine effluent. | coal mine effluent was subjected to detoxification by phytoremediation using two macrophytes azolla pinnata and lemna minor. both plants were kept separately in the effluents for 7 day. the initial concentration (mg l⁻¹) of eight metals: fe, mn, cu, zn, ni, pb, cr and cd investigated in the effluent were 22.91±0.02, 9.61±1.6, 2.04±0.23, 1.03±0.15, 0.86±0.19, 0.69±0.11, 0.18±0.007 and 0.06±0.008 respectively. the initial fresh biomass of each plant was 100g. after one week, metals removed in a. p ... | 2012 | 22571948 |
| phytoremediation of the toxic effluent generated during recovery of precious metals from polymetallic sea nodules. | recovery of metals from the polymetallic sea nodules at the pilot plant at national metallurgical laboratory, jamshedpur, india has generated a highly toxic effluent. this effluent contains several metals like mn, cu, zn, fe, pb, cr, and cd that pollute the neighboring water bodies when discharged. hence detoxification of this effluent was practiced using two plants: lemna minor and azolla pinnata for 7 days. during investigation a. pinnata removed 96% of mn, 97% of cu, 98% of zn, 70% of fe, 96% ... | 2012 | 22567724 |
| heavy metal pollution in lentic ecosystem of sub-tropical industrial region and its phytoremediation. | metals and several physicochemical parameters, from four sampling sites in a tropical lake receiving the discharges from a thermal power plant, a coal mine and a chlor-alkali industry, were studied from 2004-2005. pertaining to metal pollution, the site most polluted with heavy metals was belwadah, i.e., waters and sediments had the highest concentration of all the metals examined. the reference site was characterized by the presence of low concentrations of metals in waters and in sediments. fu ... | 2010 | 20734618 |
| viability of water weeds and microalga in pulp and paper mill wastewater. | water weeds azolla pinnata and lemna minor and the chlorophycean alga scendesmus bijugatus were grown in a paper mill wastewater. the objective of the study was to assess the viability of these species upon exposure to such effluents and to assess their potential in the improvement of effluent quality. the wastewater was analysed before and after the treatment with these species. the growth of the alga and the hydrophytes was also measured. the algal assay revealed that the clear effluent will p ... | 2001 | 12395506 |
| removal of heavy metals by two free floating aquatic macrophytes. | a concentration-dependent decrease in biomass, protein, rna, dna, and nutrient (no3(-) and po4(3-)) uptake of lemna minor and azolla pinnata by cr, ni, and zn was detected. cr was found to exert maximum toxicity followed by ni and zn. metal uptake was dependent on time and concentration of metal in the external medium. both the macrophytes, however, showed preference for zn followed by ni and cr. the uptake kinetics also revealed a low vmax and high km for cr. l. minor was more efficient in accu ... | 1996 | 8988809 |
| acute toxicity and environmental risk of teflubenzuron to daphnia magna, poecilia reticulata and lemna minor in the absence and presence of sediment. | this study aimed to estimate the acute toxicity of teflubenzuron (1-(3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea) (tfb) for daphnia magna, lemna minor and poecilia reticulata, in the absence and presence of sediment; evaluate the effect of sediment on the tfb bioavailability; and to classify this insecticide according to its environmental poisoning risk for agricultural and aquaculture uses. the tests of tfb acute toxicity were conducted in static system in a completely randomiz ... | 2013 | 23581694 |
| phytotoxicity of wastewater-born micropollutants--characterisation of three antimycotics and a cationic surfactant. | sewage sludge applied to soil may be a valuable fertiliser but can also introduce poorly degradable and highly adsorptive wastewater-born residues of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (ppcps) to the soil, posing a potential risk to the receiving environment. three azole antimycotics (climbazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole), and one quaternary ammonium compound (benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride, bdda) that are frequently detected in municipal sewage sludge and/or treated wastewat ... | 2016 | 26552532 |
| sensitivity of aquatic plants to the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl. | the sensitivity of 12 aquatic plant species to the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl was tested in microcosm experiments under two growth conditions. as reference species, barley (hordeum vulgare) and oil-seed rape (brassica napus) were grown with their roots submerged in the microcosms. two response variables were chosen: relative growth rate and specific leaf area (sla). sla was the most sensitive response variable, with 11 of the 12 aquatic species responding to the herbicide. ec(50) values varied ... | 2004 | 14759661 |
| new steroidal alkaloids from the roots of buxus sempervirens | phytochemical studies on an etoh-soluble extract of the roots of buxus sempervirens of turkish origin have resulted in the isolation of three new steroidal alkaloids, (+)-semperviraminol (1), (+)-buxamine f (2), and (+)-17-oxocycloprotobuxine (3), along with two known steroidal alkaloids, (+)-buxoxybenzamine (4) and (+)-buxapapillinine (5). the structures of 1-3 were elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic studies. compounds 4 and 5 exhibited phytotoxic activity against lemna minor. | 1999 | 10346940 |
| effects of dietary copper on the australian freshwater crayfish cherax destructor. | little information is available on the effects of metals in the diet of parastacids, despite the importance of the freshwater crayfish industry worldwide. there have been no published studies on the effect of either dissolved or dietary copper on the australian freshwater crayfish cherax destructor. herein is reported a study on the bioaccumulation of copper through a simple food chain. the copper was first absorbed by the floating aquatic macrophyte lemna minor to an average concentration of 74 ... | 2000 | 10806002 |
| the cryoprotectant effect of polysaccharides from plants and microalgae on human white blood cells. | the use of carbohydrates as cryoprotectants is increasing. in this study the effects of incorporating polysaccharides extracted from plants and microalgae originating in northern russia, into cryoprotectant solutions used to preserve human white blood cells were investigated. cells in the presence of the polysaccharides were cooled to either -40°c or -80°c, using a two-step cooling process. the morphological and functional indicators of the cryopreserved leukocytes were assessed by light microsc ... | 2015 | 26186407 |
| mercury toxicity to freshwater organisms: extrapolation using species sensitivity distribution. | mercury toxicity to aquatic organisms was evaluated in different taxonomic groups showing the following species sensitivity gradient: daphnia magna > daphnia longispina > pseudokirchneriella subcapitata > chlorella vulgaris > lemna minor > chironomus riparius. toxicity values ranged from 3.49 μg/l (48 h-ec₅₀ of d. magna) to 1.58 mg/l (48 h-ec₅₀ of c. riparius). a species sensitivity distribution was used to estimate hazardous mercury concentration at 5 % level (hc5) and the predicted no effect c ... | 2013 | 23771310 |
| fate and risk of atrazine and sulfentrazone to nontarget species at an agriculture site. | the present study evaluated the risk associated with the application and co-occurrence of 2 herbicides, atrazine and sulfentrazone, applied to a 32-ha corn and soybean rotational field. field concentrations of the compounds were measured in soil, runoff water, and groundwater, with peak mean atrazine and sulfentrazone concentrations found in the soil (144 ng/g dry wt, and 318 ng/g dry wt, respectively). individual and mixture laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of atrazi ... | 2016 | 27779324 |
| tio2 nanoparticles for the remediation of eutrophic shallow freshwater systems: efficiency and impacts on aquatic biota under a microcosm experiment. | the application of nanomaterials (nms) in the remediation of eutrophic waters, particularly in the control of internal loading of nutrients, has been started, but limited investigations evaluated the effectiveness of these new treatment approaches and of their potential impacts on species from shallow freshwater lakes. the present work investigated, under a microcosm experiment, the application of a tio2 nanomaterial both for reducing nutrient (mainly phosphorus and nitrogen forms) desorption an ... | 2016 | 27471045 |
| aquatic hazard assessment of mon 0818, a commercial mixture of alkylamine ethoxylates commonly used in glyphosate-containing herbicide formulations. part 2: roles of sediment, temperature, and capacity for recovery following a pulsed exposure. | a series of toxicity tests with mon 0818, a commercial surfactant mixture of polyoxyethylene tallow amines, were performed: 1) in the presence of sediment for benthic invertebrates and fish: 2) to examine the recovery capacity of daphnia magna and 4 primary producers after a pulsed (24-h) exposure; and 3) to examine the potential effect of increased water temperature on toxicity of mon 0818 to 2 cold-water fishes. in the presence of sediment, no acute (24-h) mortality was observed for 3 of the 5 ... | 2017 | 27420807 |
| assessment of acrylamide toxicity using a battery of standardised bioassays. | acrylamide is a monomer widely used as an intermediate in the production of organic chemicals, e.g. polyacrylamides (pams). since pams are low cost chemicals with applications in various industries and waste- and drinking water treatment, a certain amount of non-polymerised acrylamide is expected to end up in waterways. pams are non-toxic but acrylamide induces neurotoxic effects in humans and genotoxic, reproductive, and carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals. in order to evaluate the effec ... | 2015 | 26751864 |
| toxicological and chemical assessment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater after electrochemical and advanced oxidation treatments. | owing to its proven toxicity and mutagenicity, arsenic is regarded a principal pollutant in water used for drinking. the objective of this study was the toxicological and chemical evaluation of groundwater samples obtained from arsenic enriched drinking water wells before and after electrochemical and ozone-uv-h2o2-based advanced oxidation processes (eaop). for this purpose, acute toxicity test with daphnia magna and chronic toxicity test with lemna minor l. were employed as well as in vitro bio ... | 2016 | 26580737 |
| the effect of ph on chronic aquatic nickel toxicity is dependent on the ph itself: extending the chronic nickel bioavailability models. | the environmental quality standard for ni in the european commission's water framework directive is bioavailability based. although some of the available chronic ni bioavailability models are validated only for ph ≤ 8.2, a considerable fraction of european surface waters has a ph > 8.2. therefore, the authors investigated the effect of a change in ph from 8.2 to 8.7 on chronic ni toxicity in 3 invertebrate (daphnia magna, lymnaea stagnalis, and brachionus calyciflorus) and 2 plant species (pseud ... | 2016 | 26335781 |
| application of simple and low-cost toxicity tests for ecotoxicological assessment of industrial wastewaters. | the objective of this study was to identify and to apply appropriate biotests having the advantages of being highly sensitive, easy to run, relatively inexpensive and able to substitute fish toxicity tests due to ethical reasons of animal welfare. to perform an ecotoxicological assessment of industrial wastewaters, different microbiotests were conducted to substitute the fish toxicity test with lebistes reticulatus through vibrio fischeri, thamnocephalus platyurus, daphnia magna, lemna minor and ... | 2015 | 25951939 |
| assessing the ecotoxicity of metal nano-oxides with potential for wastewater treatment. | the rapid development of nanotechnology and the increasing use of nanomaterials (nms) raise concern about their fate and potential effects in the environment, especially for those that could be used for remediation purposes and that will be intentionally released to the environment. despite the remarkable emerging literature addressing the biological effects of nms to aquatic organisms, the existing information is still scarce and contradictory. therefore, aimed at selecting nms for the treatmen ... | 2015 | 25940480 |
| toxicity of anthelmintic drugs (fenbendazole and flubendazole) to aquatic organisms. | flubendazole (flu) and fenbendazole (fen) belong to benzimidazoles-pharmaceuticals widely used in veterinary and human medicine for the treatment of intestinal parasites as well as for the treatment of systemic worm infections. in recent years, usage of these drugs increased, which resulted in a larger contamination of the environment and possible negative effects on biota. hence, in our research, we investigated an aquatic ecotoxicity of these pharmaceuticals towards: marine bacteria (vibrio fi ... | 2015 | 25189803 |
| development of sensitive and reliable lc-ms/ms methods for the determination of three fluoroquinolones in water and fish tissue samples and preliminary environmental risk assessment of their presence in two rivers in northern poland. | antibiotic consumption (e.g. fluoroquinolones (fqs)) and, as a consequence, their presence in the environment, have received a lot of attention in the last several years due to increasing numbers of diseases and infections that are becoming resistant to traditional treatments for both humans and animals. in addition, even though antibiotics are safe for human and veterinary usage, ecosystems may be exposed to these substances. in this study, analytical methods for determining enrofloxacin (enr), ... | 2014 | 25016107 |
| assessment of river water quality using an integrated physicochemical, biological and ecotoxicological approach. | in order to maintain and improve the water quality in european rivers, the water framework directive (wfd) requires an integrated approach for assessing water quality in a river basin. although the wfd aims at a holistic understanding of ecosystem functioning, it does not explicitly establish cause-effect relationships between stressors and changes in aquatic communities. to overcome this limitation, the present study combines the typical wfd physicochemical and biological approaches with an eco ... | 2014 | 24715158 |
| effects of magnesium, chromium, iron and zinc from food supplements on selected aquatic organisms. | the aim of this study was to determine the effect of uncontrolled environmental disposal of food supplements containing magnesium (mg), chromium (cr), iron (fe) and zinc (zn) on selected aquatic organisms including freshwater algae scenedesmus subspicatus and raphidocelis subcapitata, water flea daphnia magna and duckweed lemna minor. thirty different food supplements containing mg, cr, fe and zn were analyzed. results were expressed as effective concentration 50 (ec50), i.e. growth inhibiting m ... | 2013 | 24308244 |
| ecotoxicity of artificial sweeteners and stevioside. | produced, consumed and globally released into the environment in considerable quantities, artificial sweeteners have been identified as emerging pollutants. studies of environmental concentrations have confirmed the widespread distribution of acesulfame (ace), cyclamate (cyc), saccharin (sac) and sucralose (suc) in the water cycle at levels that are among the highest known for anthropogenic trace pollutants. their ecotoxicity, however, has yet to be investigated at a larger scale. the present st ... | 2013 | 24036324 |
| aquatic toxicity of four veterinary drugs commonly applied in fish farming and animal husbandry. | doramectin (dor), metronidazole (met), florfenicol (flo), and oxytetracycline (oxt) are among the most widely used veterinary drugs in animal husbandry or in aquaculture. contamination of the environment by these pharmaceuticals has given cause for concern in recent years. even though their toxicity has been thoroughly analyzed, knowledge of their ecotoxicity is still limited. we investigated their aquatic toxicity using tests with marine bacteria (vibrio fischeri), green algae (scenedesmus vacu ... | 2013 | 23689096 |
| ecotoxicological assessment and evaluation of a pine bark biosorbent treatment of five landfill leachates. | when selecting a landfill leachate treatment method the contaminant composition of the leachate should be considered in order to obtain the most cost-effective treatment option. in this study the filter material pine bark was evaluated as a treatment for five landfill leachates originating from different cells of the same landfill in sweden. the objective of the study was to determine the uptake, or release, of metals and dissolved organic carbon (doc) during a leaching test using the pine bark ... | 2012 | 22703999 |
| sublethal effects of trimethoprim on four freshwater organisms. | sublethal effects of trimethoprim (tmp) were evaluated in four freshwater organisms: pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and lemna minor (growth inhibition), daphnia magna (reproduction and growth inhibition) and poecilia reticulata (swimming activity inhibition). cytochrome p4501a induction was also evaluated in p. reticulata. tmp showed varying levels of toxicity in the four test performed, with noec for the various endpoints in the range of 3.12-25 mg l(-1). the compound was active on p. reticula ... | 2012 | 22687886 |
| whole effluent toxicity assessment at a wastewater treatment plant upgraded with a full-scale post-ozonation using aquatic key species. | ozonation as final wastewater (ww) polishing step, following conventional activated sludge treatment is increasingly implemented in sewage treatment for contaminant degradation to prevent surface water pollution. while the oxidative degradation of chemicals has been extensively investigated, the in vivo toxicological characteristics of ozonated whole effluents are rarely a matter of research. in the present study, whole effluents were toxicologically evaluated with an in vivo test battery before ... | 2012 | 22560180 |
| ecotoxicological effects of ciprofloxacin on freshwater species: data integration and derivation of toxicity thresholds for risk assessment. | although antibiotics have been increasingly used and detected in natural samples, their ecotoxicological effects on aquatic wildlife are not yet extensively studied. considering the environmental threat posed by the biological activity of antibiotics it is quite relevant to assess the resulting impact, especially on sub-lethal endpoints. as such, this study evaluated the effects of ciprofloxacin on pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and lemna minor growth, on the survival and reproduction of daphni ... | 2012 | 22373897 |
| distribution and abundance of larval coquillettidia perturbans in a florida freshwater marsh. | all instars of larval coquillettidia perturbans were found in the same habitats, but early instar larvae were more aggregated than later instars. larvae were most numerous in areas dominated by arrow-arum (peltandra virginica) and maidencane (panicum hemitomon), less so in areas dominated by sedges (carex spp.) and miscellaneous mixed vegetation, and least abundant in pickerelweed (pontederia cordata) areas. larvae were uncommon in open water or in areas dominated by small floating plants such a ... | 1990 | 1977879 |
| assessment of surface water in the vicinity of fertilizer factory using fish and plants. | the genotoxic and toxic potential of polluted surface water exposed to a fertilizer factory effluent was evaluated using assays with fish (cyprinus carpio) and plant (lemna minor) model organisms. beside classical physicochemical parameters, the contents of fluorides, some heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed as well. surface water caused inhibition of plant growth and decrease of photosynthetic pigment content. regarding dna damage and oxidative stress parameters, bot ... | 2013 | 23871567 |
| aquatic toxicity of the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin and its metabolites. | the human macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin is widespread in surface waters. our study shows that its major metabolite 14-hydroxy(r)-clarithromycin is found in surface waters in comparable amounts. this metabolite is known to be pharmacologically active. additionally, clarithromycin is partly metabolised to n-desmethyl-clarithromycin, which has no antimicrobial activity. for clarithromycin, some ecotoxicological studies on aquatic organisms have been published. however, many of them are not co ... | 2015 | 25051235 |
| from sub cellular to community level: toxicity of glutaraldehyde to several aquatic organisms. | the biocide glutaraldehyde (ga) is widely used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent against bacteria and virus in hospital and veterinary facilities. ga or its metabolites may reach aquatic ecosystems due to incomplete or inadequate treatment of wastewaters. data about ga effects at lethal and a sub lethal level to non-target organisms is needed so that a risk assessment to aquatic ecosystems can be done. thus, in this work a battery of toxicity tests with primary producers, primary consumers ... | 2014 | 24131562 |
| toxicity and metal speciation in acid mine drainage treated by passive bioreactors. | sulfate-reducing passive bioreactors treat acid mine drainage (amd) by increasing its ph and alkalinity and by removing metals as metal sulfide precipitates. in addition to discharge limits based on physicochemical parameters, however, treated effluent is required to be nontoxic. acute and sublethal toxicity was assessed for effluent from 3.5-l column bioreactors filled with mixtures of natural organic carbon sources and operated at different hydraulic retention times (hrts) for the treatment of ... | 2008 | 18290688 |
| initial risk assessment for three beta-blockers found in the aquatic environment. | daphnia magna, desmodesmus subspicatus and lemna minor were used to determine the ecotoxicity of beta-blockers. propranolol was the most toxic substance, with ec50s of 7.7 mg l-1 in the daphnia test and 0.73 mg l-1 in the algal test. the toxicity of atenolol and metoprolol in the daphnia test was very low, with ec50s of 313 and 438 mg l-1, respectively. in the algal test, metoprolol (ec50: 7.9 mg l-1) was more toxic than atenolol (ec50: 620 mg l-1). lemna minor was the least sensitive species. a ... | 2005 | 15722091 |
| use of freshwater algae and duckweeds for phytotoxicity testing. | the toxicity of contaminated water of different origins and chemicals [cr(iii), pb(ii), cu(ii), cd(ii), pyrene] were tested using four test species: the alga selenastrum capricornutum (new name raphidocelis subcapitata), the duckweed lemna minor, and the crustaceans thamnocephalus platyurus and daphnia magna. on the basis of the results obtained, the sensitivity of plant species and problems concerning the interpretation of the phytotoxicity data are discussed. the data indicated that the sensit ... | 2004 | 15269918 |
| aquatic ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals including the assessment of combination effects. | to evaluate the ecotoxicological potential of ten prescription drugs against aquatic organisms from different taxonornical classes, a set of biotests were performed using the cladoceran daphnia magna, the chlorophyte desmodesmus subspicatus and the macrophyte lemna minor. endpoints were immobilisation for daphnia and inhibition of the average growth rate for desmodesmus and lemna. for most of the substances, toxicities were moderate, with ec(50)s in the range from 10 to 100 mgl(-1) or even far a ... | 2003 | 12691712 |
| toxicity of copper in sewage sludge. | sewage sludge is a source of organic matter and nutrients, but a major obstacle for its recycling is that the municipal wastewater sludge has low but significant levels of contaminants. this investigation, on the acute toxicity of copper in sewage sludge, was conducted with three organisms, daphnia magna, lemna minor and raphanus sativus (seeds). the toxicity of the leakage water from sewage sludge spiked with cuso(4) was studied for 64 days. the toxicity increased during the first 8-16 days and ... | 2003 | 12605925 |
| fate of a volatile chlorinated solvent in indoor aquatic microcosms: sublethal and static exposure to [14c]dichloromethane. groupe pour l'etude du devenir de xénobiotiques dans l'environnement (gedexe). | the goal of this work was to study the fate of dichloromethane in indoor aquatic microcosms after a sublethal and static exposure to simulate the accidental contamination of a lenitic ecosystem such as littoral lake zone or a pond. this kind of ecosystem is characterized by high productive capacity and rich biocoenose, and are usually first affected by acute or chronic pollution. microcosms containing immersed bryophytes (fontinalis antipyretica), macrophytes (lemna minor, groenlendia densa, elo ... | 1994 | 7523069 |
| fate and effects of salicylic acid compounds in freshwater systems. | the comparative fates and effects of salicylic acid (sa) and na salicylate in algae (scenedesmus subspicatus, monoraphidium minutum), in lemna minor, and in daphnia magna were examined. test methods were principally based on the oecd testing guidelines with modifications in the procedures. the influence of fulvic acid (fa) on bioconcentration and on toxic effects was studied. fa addition significantly reduced the bioavailability of sa in l. minor and the algae species. sa was more toxic to lemna ... | 1989 | 2743919 |
| influence of the bioaccessible fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the ecotoxicity of historically contaminated soils. | sequential supercritical fluid extraction together with a two-site desorption model were employed to estimate the bioaccessible fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in four historically contaminated soils. the ecotoxicity of the soils was assayed by four different contact tests. the same soils were exposed to exhaustive extraction and the extracts were returned to the soils to ensure total 100% bioaccessibility of the pollutants. then the soils were assayed again. statistical eval ... | 2013 | 23611796 |
| the enzymatic and antioxidative stress response of lemna minor to copper and a chloroacetamide herbicide. | lemna minor l., a widely used model plant for toxicity tests has raised interest for its application to phytoremediation due to its rapid growth and ubiquitous occurrence. in rural areas, the pollution of water bodies with heavy metals and agrochemicals poses a problem to surface water quality. among problematic compounds, heavy metals (copper) and pesticides are frequently found in water bodies. to establish duckweed as a potential plant for phytoremediation, enzymatic and antioxidative stress ... | 2015 | 26286797 |
| some arguments in favor of a myriophyllum aquaticum growth inhibition test in a water-sediment system as an additional test in risk assessment of herbicides. | the present study compares the practicability, reproducibility, power, and sensitivity of a myriophyllum aquaticum growth inhibition test in a water-sediment system with the recently accepted myriophyllum spicatum test in an equivalent testing system and the standard lemna sp. test. special consideration was given to endpoints based on m. aquaticum control plant growth and variability of relative growth rate and yield: shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, and root weight. sensitivity analysis ... | 2015 | 25943248 |
| mechanistic insight into the biosynthesis and detoxification of fumonisin mycotoxins. | fumonisins, notably fb1, fb2, fb3, and fb4, are economically important mycotoxins produced by a number fusarium sp. that occur on corn, rice, and sorghum as well as by aspergillus sp. on grapes. the fumonisin scaffold is comprised of a c18 polyketide backbone functionalized with two tricarballylic esters and an alanine derived amine. these functional groups contribute to fumonisin's ability to inhibit sphingolipid biosynthesis in animals, plants, and yeasts. we report for the first time the isol ... | 2016 | 27444057 |
| ecotoxicological assessment of biosolids by microcosms. | biosolids have been applied as soil amendments to improve and maintain the soil fertility and faster plant growth. in spite of its beneficial use, the potential risks of land disposal should be analyzed, considering potential ecological receptors in soil and water. this work describes the use of an early warning laboratory microcosm system to evaluate the integrated ecotoxicological potential of two biosolids: bio-1 and bio-2 (18 and 28 months after landfarming, respectively), from an effluent t ... | 2016 | 27448314 |
| study of use of different types of hydrogen peroxides (2006-2008). | hydrogen peroxides are commonly used in greenhouses for cleaning purposes and disinfection of irrigation water systems, i.e., to prevent clogging by duckweed (lemna minor), algae and other (micro)organisms. this use contains a potential risk of involuntary contact to the plants, e.g., to roots through irrigation or to the plant leaves through accidental droplets (spraying mist). to help growers to maximize disinfection with minimal risks, the efficacy and plant safety of a variety of commercial ... | 2009 | 20222582 |
| phomentrioloxin: a phytotoxic pentasubstituted geranylcyclohexentriol produced by phomopsis sp., a potential mycoherbicide for carthamus lanatus biocontrol. | a new phytotoxic geranylcyclohexenetriol, named phomentrioloxin, was isolated from the liquid culture of phomopsis sp., a fungal pathogen proposed for the biological control of carthamus lanatus, a widespread and troublesome thistle weed belonging to the asteraceae family causing severe crop and pastures losses in australia. the structure of phomentrioloxin was established by spectroscopic, x-ray, and chemical methods as (1s,2s,3s,4s)-3-methoxy-6-(7-methyl-3-methylene-oct-6-en-1-ynyl)cyclohex-5- ... | 2012 | 22694489 |
| combination effects of herbicides on plants and algae: do species and test systems matter? | risk assessment of herbicides towards non-target plants in europe is currently based solely on tests on algae and floating aquatic plants of lemna sp. effects on terrestrial non-target species is not systematically addressed. the purpose of the present study was to compare combination effects of herbicide mixtures across aquatic and terrestrial test systems, and to test whether results obtained in the traditional aquatic test systems can be extrapolated to the terrestrial environment. this was d ... | 2007 | 17304633 |
| [uses of algae and mosses in medicinal manuscripts]. | in this study medicinal uses of algae and mosses are investigated in manuscripts of ibn-i baytar (ibn al baithar), ibn-i sina (avicenna), huneyn bin ishak (joannitus), dioscorides and plinius. ulva lactuca and fucus sp. have been identified according to the descriptions given in these manuscripts. it is designated that the arabic term "tuhlub" occupies both the meanings of any algal species and lemna minor of spermatophyta. | 2011 | 22164736 |
| study of the influence of platinum, palladium and rhodium on duckweed (lemna minor). | road traffic pollutants and the residues of cytostatics that are widely used in anti-cancer therapy are a significant sources of platinum group elements (pge; pt, pd and rh) in environment. these metals can migrate into sewage and thus pollute surface waters. the purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of ptcl4 on the antioxidant and enzymatic activity of duckweed (lemna minor), a bioindicator of the aquatic environment. | 2014 | 25638364 |
| effects of a rhizobacterium on the growth of and chromium remediation by lemna minor. | duckweed has shown great potential for both energy and environmental applications, particularly in wastewater treatment and fuel ethanol production. a rhizobacterium, exiguobacterium sp. mh3, has been reported to associate with the duckweed lemna minor for symbiotic growth. the aim of this work is to study the effects of rhizobacterium mh3 on l. minor growth and chromium (cr) remediation. it appeared to have a synergism between the rhizobacterium mh3 and duckweed; the presence of strain mh3 prom ... | 2015 | 25631740 |
| effects of the pharmaceuticals gemfibrozil and diclofenac on biomarker expression in the zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha) and their comparison with standardised toxicity tests. | pharmaceuticals, including the lipid regulator gemfibrozil and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac have been identified in waste water treatment plant effluents and receiving waters throughout the western world. the acute and chronic toxicity of these compounds was assessed for three freshwater species (daphnia magna, pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, lemna minor) using standardised toxicity tests with toxicity found in the non-environmentally relevant mid mg l(-1) concentration r ... | 2011 | 21489596 |
| cross-species extrapolation of chronic nickel biotic ligand models. | the use of biotic ligand models (blms) to normalize metal ecotoxicity data and predict effects in non-blm organisms should be supported by quantitative evidence. this study determined the ability of chronic nickel blms developed for the cladocera daphnia magna and ceriodaphnia dubia to predict chronic nickel toxicity to three invertebrates for which no specific blms were developed. those invertebrates were the snail lymnaea stagnalis, the insect chironomus tentans, and the rotifer brachionus cal ... | 2010 | 20920817 |
| the maximization of the productivity of aquatic plants for use in controlled ecological life support systems (celss). | lemna minor (common duckweed) and a wolffia sp. were grown in submerged growth systems. submerged growth increased the productivity unit volume (p/uv) of the organisms and may allow these plants to be used in a controlled ecological life support system (celss). | 1989 | 11541161 |
| complete genome sequence of exiguobacterium sp. strain mh3, isolated from rhizosphere of lemna minor. | we report the complete genome sequence of exiguobacterium sp. strain mh3, isolated from the rhizosphere of duckweed. the genome assembly is 3.16 mb, with a g+c content of 47.24%, and it may provide useful information about plant-microbe interactions and the genetic basis for the tolerance of the strain to various environmental stresses. | 2013 | 24356831 |
| bioassay-guided isolation of a low molecular weight phb from burkholderia sp. with phytotoxic activity. | this work reports on the bioassay-guided isolation and identification of the macrocyclic pentolide 1, a cyclic polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) with low molecular weight. this metabolite is produced by burkholderia sp. and it exhibited phytotoxic activity in a lemna minor bioassay. its structure was determined by (1)h and (13)c nmr, heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, ir, and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analyses. the period for maxim ... | 2013 | 23722946 |
| a marriage of convenience; a simple food chain comprised of lemna minor (l.) and gammarus pulex (l.) to study the dietary transfer of zinc. | macrophytes contribute significantly to the cycling of metals in aquatic systems, through accumulation during growth and release during herbivory or decomposition. accumulation of high levels of metals has been extensively documented in lemnaceae (duckweeds). however, the degree of trophic transfer of metals from lemnaceae to secondary consumers remains poorly understood. this study demonstrates that zinc accumulated in lemna minor is bioavailable to the herbivore consumer gammarus pulex. overal ... | 2015 | 24731282 |