| dietary fat type related changes in tissue cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis are influenced by energy intake level in rats. | to investigate the interaction of dietary fat source and energy intake level on tissue cholesterol and triacylglycerol fatty acid (tg-fa) synthesis. | 1997 | 9430088 |
| coconut oil as a protective carrier of dietary vitamin a fed to ruminants. | safflower and coconut oil were compared as protective carriers of dietary vitamin a supplemented to abomasally cannulated sheep. vitamin a, 240,000 i.u., was predissolved in 11.7 g of safflower or coconut oil and bolused directly into the rumen of mature wethers along with 4 g of chromic oxide. the vitamin a was pre-dissolved in 0, 11.7, 23.4 or 35.0 g of coconut oil in experiment 2. determination of carrier oil protectiveness of solubilized dietary vitamin a was based on recoveries of vitamin a ... | 1997 | 9433672 |
| antioxidative compounds isolated from safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) oil cake. | seven antioxidative serotonin derivatives were isolated from safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) oil cake. their structures were established as n-[2-(5-hydroxy-1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl]ferulamide (1), n-[2-(5-hydroxy-1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-p-coumaramide (2), n,n'-[2,2'-(5,5'-dihydroxy-4,4'-bi-1h-indol-3,3'-yl)diethyl]- di-p-coumaramide (3), n-[2-[3'-[2-(p-coumaramido)ethyl]-5,5'-dihydroxy- 4,4'-bi-1h-indol-3-yl]ethyl]ferulamide (4), and n,n'-[2,2'-(5,5'-dihydroxy-4,4'-bi-1h-indol-3,3'-yl)diethyl]- dife ... | 1997 | 9433760 |
| dimethylheptyl-thc-11 oic acid: a nonpsychoactive antiinflammatory agent with a cannabinoid template structure. | to assess the antiinflammatory activity of dimethylheptyl-thc-11 oic acid (dmh-11c), a nonpsychoactive synthetic derivative of tetrahydrocannabinol. | 1998 | 9433882 |
| influence of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester on insulin resistance in the otsuka long-evans tokushima fatty rat, a model of spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | we investigated the effect of long-term administration of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (epa-e), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid derived from fish oil, in comparison to the effects of lard, olive oil, safflower oil, or distilled water as the control on the development of insulin resistance in otsuka long-evans tokushima fatty (oletf) rats, a model of spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm) with obesity. after 17 or 18 weeks of treatment, the glucose infu ... | 1997 | 9439543 |
| effects of aflatoxin b1 on liver microsomal enzymes in different strains of chickens. | administration of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) with safflower seed oil to hubbard chickens caused a significant increase in liver microsomal protein, electron transport components, and drug metabolizing enzymes. no alteration was observed in the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. afb1 treatment with dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) as a vehicle caused a significant decrease in electron transport components, drug metabolizing enzymes, and a significant increase in the activity of aspartate amino ... | 1997 | 9440243 |
| the effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the fatty acid composition of different salivary glands and saliva in rats. | the main purpose was to compare the changes in fatty acid composition of lipids induced by essential fatty acid (efa) deficiency in the rat submandibular, parotid and sublingual glands. three groups of rats were fed for 28 weeks (1 week gestation, 3 weeks lactation and 24 weeks thereafter) diets containing 7% hydrogenated coconut oil (hco) (efa-deficient in both n-6 and n-3), 7% soybean oil (sbo) (control) and 7% safflower oil (sfo) (deficient in n-3). rats were killed and salivary glands were d ... | 1997 | 9447262 |
| acute effects of dietary fatty acids on the fatty acids of human milk. | although it is known that the fatty acid profile of human milk is altered by diet, the rapidity with which this occurs has not been addressed. we hypothesized that after absorption the fatty acids of a given meal would be transferred rapidly from the chylomicrons of the blood into human milk. fourteen lactating women drank six test formulas, each containing a different fat: menhaden oil, herring oil, safflower oil, canola oil, coconut oil, or cocoa butter. the subjects collected a midfeeding mil ... | 1998 | 9459379 |
| safflower oil consumption does not increase plasma conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in humans. | conjugated linoleic acid (cla) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (la) with conjugated double bonds. cla has anticarcinogenic properties and has been identified in human tissues, dairy products, meats, and certain vegetable oils. a variety of animal products are good sources of cla, but plant oils contain much less. however, plant oils are a rich source of la, which may be isomerized to cla by intestinal microorganisms in humans. to investigate the effect of triacy ... | 1998 | 9459383 |
| myristic acid-rich fat raises plasma ldl by stimulating ldl production without affecting fractional clearance in gerbils fed a cholesterol-free diet. | the imbalance that develops between low-density lipoprotein (ldl) production and clearance during saturated fat consumption is responsible for expanding the circulating ldl pool. to assess the imbalance attributable to fatty acids alone, i.e., without the interaction of dietary cholesterol, the most fat-sensitive species available (the gerbil) was challenged with either a 12:0+14:0 rich-fat (high coconut, low safflower) or high 18:2 (high safflower, low coconut) fat for 4-5 wks. the plasma lipop ... | 1998 | 9482752 |
| alteration of murine mammary tumorigenesis by dietary enrichment with n-3 fatty acids in fish oil. | we and others have previously shown that dietary fat can alter the growth and metastasis of rodent mammary tumors. few transplantable tumor models have been used to study the effects of dietary n-6 versus n-3 fatty acids on mammary tumorigenesis. here we study the effects of fish oil and safflower oil on the growth and metastasis of an animal model that in several ways parallels the human disease. tumor latency, growth and metastasis were studied in mice fed diets that contained either 10 or 20% ... | 1998 | 9500184 |
| apolipoprotein b metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic diabetic patients administered either a fish oil- or vegetable oil-enriched diet. | the effect on apolipoprotein b kinetics of a diet enriched in either fish oil or safflower oil was investigated in five hypertriglyceridemic (htg), non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. the fish oil diet decreased plasma triglycerides and vldl-apob but increased ldl-apob and ldl-cholesterol. total plasma apob concentration did not change, nor did the increased vldl-apob secretion present in these htg subjects, which, accompanied by impaired lipolysis, accounted for their elevated vldl. the fi ... | 1998 | 9507999 |
| possible mechanisms for the differential effects of high linoleate safflower oil and high alpha-linolenate perilla oil diets on platelet-activating factor production by rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | as compared with high dietary linoleate safflower oil, high dietary alpha-linolenate perilla oil decreased platelet-activating factor (paf) production by nearly half in calcium ionophore (cai)-stimulated rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn). in the cai-stimulated pmn from the perilla oil group, the accumulated amount of arachidonate (aa) plus eicosapentaenoate (epa) was 30% less and that of lyso-paf was 50% less, indicating that the decreased availability of lyso-paf is a factor contributing t ... | 1997 | 9524928 |
| effect of dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on severity of asthma in children. | we assessed the clinical and biochemical effects in asthmatic children of fish oil supplementation and a diet that increases omega-3 and reduces omega-6 fatty acids. thirty nine asthmatic children aged 8-12 yrs participated in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial for 6 months during which they received fish oil capsules plus canola oil and margarine (omega-3 group) or safflower oil capsules plus sunflower oil and margarine (omega-6 group). plasma fatty acids, stimulated tumour necrosis f ... | 1998 | 9551739 |
| association between hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation induced by administering orotic acid and enhanced phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in rats. | orotic acid is known to cause fatty liver, but it is unclear whether this is caused partly by stimulation of the enzymes for triacylglycerol (tg) synthesis. to understand the change of hepatic tg metabolism in fatty liver induced by orotic acid, we determined the liver tissue tg level and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (pap) activity over time in rats fed on a diet containing orotic acid (oa). a dietary lipid content of 10% was achieved by using n-6 fatty acid-rich corn oil in experiment 1, and ... | 1998 | 9571780 |
| conjugated linoleic acids alter bone fatty acid composition and reduce ex vivo prostaglandin e2 biosynthesis in rats fed n-6 or n-3 fatty acids. | this study evaluated the effects of conjugated linoleic acids (cla) on tissue fatty acid composition and ex vivo prostaglandin e2 (pge2) production in rats given diets varying in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. four groups of rats were given a basal semipurified diet (ain-93g) containing 70 g/kg of added fat for 42 d. the fat treatments were formulated to contain cla (0 vs. 10 g/kg of diet) and n-6 (soybean oil having an n-6/n-3 ratio of 7.3) and n-3 fatty acids (menhaden oil + safflower oil having an ... | 1998 | 9590630 |
| beneficial effects of chronic administration of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dogs with renal insufficiency. | dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) alters the course of experimental renal disease in rats. however, chronic renal disease in other laboratory animals and in human beings frequently responds differently to experimental manipulations. we investigated the effects of variations in dietary pufa composition on the chronic course of induced renal disease in dogs. two months after 15/16 nephrectomy, dogs were randomly divided into three groups of seven animals each. for the ... | 1998 | 9605110 |
| dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases tnf-alpha, and decreases il-6, il-10 in response to lps: effects of sesamin on the delta-5 desaturation of omega6 and omega3 fatty acids in mice. | sesamin (a non-fat portion of sesame seed oil) inhibits delta-5 desaturase activity resulting in an accumulation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (dgla) which can displace arachidonic acid (aa) and decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory mediators. we investigated the effects of consumption of diets containing 0.25wt% sesamin and 15 wt% safflower oil (so) (providing 12% of the added fat as linoleic acid) or a 15 wt% 2:1 mixture of linseed oil and so (loso) (providing 6% alpha-linolenic acid and ... | 1998 | 9610840 |
| dietary fish oil suppresses human colon tumour growth in athymic mice. | 1. human colon tumour growth, initiated by subcutaneous inoculation of ht29 cells, was measured in athymic mice fed ad libitum on high-fat (210 g/kg) diets rich in coconut oil (co), olive oil (oo), safflower oil (so) or fish oil (fo); a low fat (lf; 25 g/kg) diet was used as the control. in one experiment the mice were fed the experimental diets for 3 weeks before ht29 cell inoculation and were killed 2 weeks post-inoculation. in a second experiment the mice were maintained on the lf diet until ... | 1998 | 9616265 |
| effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation in rat erythrocyte membranes. | human erythrocytes in the circulation undergo dynamic oxidative damage involving membrane lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation during aging. the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation in the circulation and also the in vitro susceptibility of rat erythrocyte membranes to oxidative damage. wistar male rats were fed a diet containing n-6 fatty acid-rich safflower oil or n-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil ... | 1998 | 9625598 |
| lipid profile of rats fed blends of rice bran oil in combination with sunflower and safflower oil. | this study was undertaken to assess the effect of blended oils, i.e., polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) rich vegetable oils like safflower oil (sfo) and sunflower oil (sno) with the unconventional and hypocholesterolemic rice bran oil (rbo) on the serum lipid profile of rats. rats fed rbo+sno/sfo at 70:30 ratio for a period of 28 days showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of total cholesterol (tc), triglycerides (tg) and low density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol and increased high density ... | 1997 | 9629862 |
| dietary fish oil appears to prevent the activation of phospholipase c-gamma in lymphocytes. | rats were fed on a low fat diet or on high fat diets which included coconut oil, olive oil, safflower oil, evening primrose oil or fish oil as the principal fat source. the level of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate in spleen lymphocytes was unaffected by diet. however, the fish oil diet significantly decreased the concentration of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate in stimulated lymphocytes; this concentration was also reduced following olive oil feeding. diet did not significantly affect the le ... | 1998 | 9630688 |
| suppressive effect of low amounts of safflower and perilla oils on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male f344 rats. | we have investigated the modulating effects of low amounts of dietary oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) on diethylnitrosamine (den)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male f344 rats. a total of 112 animals were divided into eight groups. groups 1-4 were given drinking water containing 40 ppm den for five weeks. groups 5-8 served as controls without den treatment. groups 1 and 5 were fed a basal diet containing 5% beef tallow, groups 2 and 6 were fed a 5% olive oil diet, groups 3 and 7 ... | 1998 | 9631489 |
| the effect of dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the expression of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and levels of p21ras in rat mammary glands. | dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) promote rat mammary cancer while n-3 pufas are inhibitory. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the fats exert their effects by altering the expression of genes that affect cancer development. therefore, we have examined the effect of pufas on the expression of the cyclooxygenase (cox) 1 and 2 genes that are involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. we also investigated the effect of dietary pufas on the expression of the p21ras protein ... | 1998 | 9635881 |
| effect of diet on the rate of depletion of n-3 fatty acids in the retina of the guinea pig. | this study has assessed the influence of maternal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supply and dietary manipulation after weaning on the retinal polyunsaturated fatty acid profile. infant guinea pigs born of dams fed one of two commercial chow diets (differing in the amount of eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids) were raised in two separate experiments, and subsequently partitioned into two diet groups, one supplied with a high level of alpha-linolenic acid (can ... | 1998 | 9643359 |
| calcium-deprived rats avoid sweet compounds. | to characterize the link between calcium status and sweet solution intake, rats fed a diet containing 25 mmol ca2+/kg (ca-25, low calcium) or 150 mmol ca2+/kg (ca-150, control) were given 48-h two-bottle tests with a choice between water and various concentrations of a nutrient (sucrose, polycose, ethanol and/or corn oil). rats fed the ca-25 diet had significantly lower sucrose intakes and preferences over the entire range tested (10-320 g/l) even though the same (experiment 1), or identically t ... | 1998 | 9649611 |
| effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids on interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor alpha expression in activated murine lymphocytes. | dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) suppress interleukin-2 (il-2) secretion and impair t-lymphocyte proliferation. to determine the mechanism of action, mice were fed diets containing either safflower oil (control diet enriched in linoleic acid, 18:2n-6), epa, dha or arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). splenic lymphocytes were isolated and concanavalin a-induced kinetics of il-2 and il-2 receptor alpha mrna expression were determined by relative competitive-pcr. epa and dh ... | 1998 | 9654402 |
| effect of replacing a high linoleate oil with a low linoleate, high alpha-linolenate oil, as compared with supplementing epa or dha, on reducing lipid mediator production in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the fatty acid composition of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) was modified by diets supplemented with a high linoleate (la) safflower oil (76% la), mixtures of eicosapentaenoate (epa) and safflower oil (epa(20) containing 20% epa and 61% la, epa(40) containing 40% epa and 46% la), mixtures of docosahexaenoate (dha) and safflower oil (dha(20) containing 20% dha and 61% la, dha(40) containing 40% dha and 46% la) or a high alpha-linolenate (alpha-lna) perilla oil (57% alpha-lna and 13% la), ... | 1998 | 9657037 |
| serotonin derivative, n-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, inhibits the production of tnf-alpha, il-1alpha, il-1beta, and il-6 by endotoxin-stimulated human blood monocytes. | we have reported that n-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin (cs) and its derivatives with antioxidative activity are present in safflower seeds. as reactive oxygen species (ros) are implicated in the signaling of lipopolysaccharide (lps), we examined whether cs has a suppressive effect on inflammatory cytokine generation from human monocytes in vitro. cs at 50-200 microm reduced tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-1 (il-1), and il-6 activities in the culture supernatants from lps-stimulated human blood ... | 1998 | 9660250 |
| free fatty acid fractions from some vegetable oils exhibit reduced survival time-shortening activity in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. | previously, we demonstrated that several vegetable oils that included low-erucic rapeseed oil markedly shortened the survival time (by approximately 40%) of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (shrsp) rats as compared with perilla oil, soybean oil, and fish oil. we considered that a factor other than fatty acids is toxic to shrsp rats, because the survival time-shortening activity could not be accounted for by the fatty acid compositions of these oils. in fact, a free fatty acid (ffa) fracti ... | 1998 | 9688167 |
| dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote colon carcinoma metastasis in rat liver. | the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) and omega-6 pufas on the development of experimentally induced colon carcinoma metastasis in rat liver were investigated quantitatively in vivo. rats were kept on either a low-fat diet or on a fish oil (omega-3 pufas) or safflower oil (omega-6 pufas) diet for 3 weeks before the administration of colon cancer cells to the portal vein, until they were sacrificed at 1 or 3 weeks after tumor transplantation. at 1 week after transplantation, ... | 1998 | 9699661 |
| effect of dietary energy level and oil source on broiler performance and response to an inflammatory challenge. | broiler chicks were fed one of five diets from 3 d of age: a low energy diet containing 7% cellulose (me 2,714 kcal/kg), or high energy diets containing approximately 7% of either tallow, corn oil, safflower oil, or fish oil (each 3,302 kcal/kg). half of the chicks were injected intra-abdominally with salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (lps) on day 11, sephadex on day 13, and freund's complete adjuvant on day 15; samples were collected on day 16. the uninjected chicks served as controls. ... | 1998 | 9706093 |
| dietary fish oil diminishes lymphocyte adhesion to macrophage and endothelial cell monolayers. | to further investigate the immunomodulatory effects of dietary lipids, rats were fed on a low-fat diet or on high-fat diets that contained hydrogenated coconut, olive, safflower, evening primrose or fish oil as the principal fat source. the fish oil diet decreased the level of expression of cd2, cd11a, cd18 and cd44 on the surface of freshly prepared lymphocytes and of cd2, cd11a, cd18, cd54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1; icam-1) and cd62l (l-selectin) on the surface of concanavalin a (con ... | 1998 | 9708190 |
| absorption of fat and calcium by infants fed a milk-based formula containing palm olein. | the study tested the hypothesis that inclusion of palm olein (45% of fat) in the fat blend of a milk-based infant formula decreases the absorption of fat and calcium. | 1998 | 9710840 |
| secondary structure of oleosins in oil bodies isolated from seeds of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | oil bodies were isolated from mature seeds of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) and safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). oil body preparations containing only oleosin proteins could be obtained from safflower seeds by salt-washing followed by centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose density gradients. however, it was necessary to treat sunflower oil bodies with urea to obtain preparations of similar purity. incubation of the oil bodies with proteinases gave two fragments with molecular masses of 6 ... | 1998 | 9716507 |
| dietary fat type and energy restriction interactively influence plasma leptin concentration in rats. | to investigate whether dietary fat source and energy restriction interactively influence plasma leptin levels and its association of leptin with insulin action, rats were fed diets containing either fish, safflower oil, or beef tallow (20% wt/wt) for 10 weeks. groups of rats consumed each diet ad libitum or at 85% or 70% of ad libitum energy intake in a design that held fat intake constant. graded levels of energy restriction caused body weight to decrease (p < 0.001) differently according to th ... | 1998 | 9717726 |
| a modified high-fat diet induces insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle but not adipocytes. | we hypothesized that variation in dietary fatty acid composition in rats fed a high-fat diet had tissue-specific effects on glucose uptake sufficient to maintain normal glucose tolerance. rats were fed one of three diets for 3 wk. the isocaloric high-fat-mixed oil (hf-mixed) diet and the high-fat-safflower oil (hf-saff) diet both provided 60% kcal fat, but fat composition differed [hf-mixed = saturated, polyunsaturated (n-3 and n-6), and monounsaturated fatty acids; hf-saff = polyunsaturated fat ... | 1998 | 9755088 |
| effects of dietary coconut oil, butter and safflower oil on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and lathosterol levels. | the aim of this present study was to determine plasma levels of lathosterol, lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins during diets rich in butter, coconut fat and safflower oil. | 1998 | 9756121 |
| effect of feeding diets of varying fatty acid composition on apolipoprotein expression in newborn swine. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chronic (1 wk) feeding of dietary triacylglycerol (tg) of varying fatty acid composition on small intestinal and hepatic apolipoprotein expression, as well as serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations, in newborn swine. two-day-old female swine were fed one of three diets by gavage with the following lipid composition: medium-chain tg (mct; mct oil), intermediate-chain saturated tg (icst; coconut oil), and long-chain polyunsaturated tg ... | 1998 | 9756492 |
| increased production of tnf-alpha and decreased levels of dienoic eicosanoids, il-6 and il-10 in mice fed menhaden oil and juniper oil diets in response to an intraperitoneal lethal dose of lps. | eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and the non-methylene interrupted fatty acids (nmifa) displace arachidonic acid (aa: 20:4omega6 -5,8,11,14) in the membrane phospholipids. unlike epa (20:5omega3 -5,8,11,14,17), the nmifa (20:3omega6 -5,11,14 and 20:4omega3 -5,11,14,17) lacking the delta-8 double bond are not substrates for the formation of eicosanoids. for 20 days, the mice were fed diets containing 5wt% dietary fats from various sources. the magnitudes in the production of eicosanoids and cytokines ... | 1998 | 9774171 |
| effects of dietary unsaturated fatty acid and chronic carbon tetrachloride treatment on the accumulation of oxidation products, alpha-tocopherol and liver injury in mice. | mice, at weaning, were placed on a diet supplemented with beef tallow (bt), linoleic acid (18: 2n-6)-rich safflower oil (so), alpha-linolenic acid (18: 3n-3)-rich perilla oil (po) or docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6n-3, dha)-rich fish oil (fo) to modify membrane fatty acid vulnerability to peroxidation, then carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) was administered chronically. ccl4-induced liver injury, estimated using serum alanine aminotransferase activity and liver hydroxyproline content, was not different am ... | 1998 | 9821808 |
| effects of intravenous omega-3 and omega-6 fat emulsion on cytokine production and delayed type hypersensitivity in burned rats receiving total parenteral nutrition. | the effects of fat emulsions containing omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) on fatty acid profile, cytokine production, and delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) in burned rats receiving total parenteral nutrition (tpn) were investigated. | 1998 | 9829609 |
| lipid peroxyl radicals from oxidized oils and heme-iron: implication of a high-fat diet in colon carcinogenesis. | a diet high in fat and iron is known as a risk factor in cancer epidemiology. however, the details of the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. we examined the possible implication of lipid peroxyl radicals generated from fatty acids and heme-iron in dna damage, and hence in the possibility of colon cancer. f344 female rats were given n-nitroso-n-methylurea six times during a 2-week period and then fed diets containing different amounts of safflower oil and hemoglobin (rich in iron) for ... | 1998 | 9829709 |
| effect of dietary fats and sesamin on the lipid metabolism and immune function of sprague-dawley rats. | we examined the effect of three dietary fats, safflower oil (saf) rich in linoleic acid, borage oil (bor) rich in gamma-linolenic acid, and perilla oil (per) rich in alpha-linolenic acid, on the lipid metabolism, and chemical mediator and immunoglobulin levels in sprague-dawley rats, as well as the dietary effect of sesame-derived antioxidative sesamin. the serum cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, prostaglandin e2 level and splenic leukotriene b4 level were lower in the rats fed on bor or ... | 1998 | 9836427 |
| changes in chemical composition, minerals and amino acids during seed growth and development of four safflower cultivars. | investigation of four safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) cultivars (s208, s400, s541 and s303) showed that when the seeds were harvested at different stages of growth and development (10, 20, 30, and 40 days) after flowering, moisture content significantly decreased with time. oil, protein, ash and crude fiber were increased up to day 30. thereafter, these parameters started to decline gradually with time. the cultivars differed in their final values; oil content of the seeds varied from 10.90 ... | 1998 | 9839815 |
| protein carbonyl content roughly reflects the unsaturation of lipids in muscle but not in other tissues of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive strain (shrsp) rats fed different fats and oils. | we examined in vivo the effect of dietary fats and oils with different peroxidizability on protein carbonyl content, the presumed index of free radical-mediated protein oxidation. for 15.6 months, shrsp (stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive strain) rats were fed a diet supplemented with lard, safflower oil, perilla oil or fish oil/soybean oil, the peroxidizability of which increases in this order. the peroxidizability of tissue lipids was positively correlated with the protein carbonyl conten ... | 1998 | 9881637 |
| effect of dietary linoleate/alpha-linolenate balance on experimentally induced gastric injury in rats. | rats were fed diets containing different ratios of linoleate (18:2 n-6) to alpha-linolenate (18:3 n-3), and the severity of gastric injury induced by ethanol, ischemia/reperfusion and water-immersion stress was compared. on decreasing the 18:2 n-6/18:3 n-3 ratios in the diets, the proportion of arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) decreased and that of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) increased in the phospholipids of the gastric mucosa, which was associated with decreased mucosal prostaglandin e2 conten ... | 1998 | 9888206 |
| effect of fish oil supplementation on aortic compliance in rats: role of the endothelium. | arterial compliance improves with dietary fish oils in patients with high cardiovascular risk. since fish oils alter prostaglandin metabolism and the l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway, and since compliance may be modified by vasoactive substances, the effect of the endothelium and some of its derivatives on aortic complaince were examined. rats were randomly allocated to four groups, the first of which fed only the regular chow. the remaining three groups were fed the chow supplemented by daily ga ... | 1998 | 9888209 |
| dietary lipids influence intestinal adaptation after massive bowel resection. | certain lipids, primarily long chain fatty acids and especially long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lcpufas) from marine oils, stimulate gut adaptation after resection. the goal of this study was to define the degree of resection that provides an optimal model for adaptation and to determine if dietary lcpufas improve intestinal adaptation after resection. | 1999 | 9890467 |
| differential effects of safflower oil versus fish oil feeding on insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, and pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in skeletal muscle: a 13c nuclear magnetic resonance study. | to examine the effects of safflower oil versus fish oil feeding on in vivo intramuscular glucose metabolism and relative pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) versus tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle flux, rats were pair-fed on diets consisting of 1) 59% safflower oil, 2) 59% menhaden fish oil, or 3) 59% carbohydrate (control) in calories. rates of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis were assessed by monitoring [1-(13)c]glucose label incorporation into [1-(13)c]glycogen, [3-(13)c]lactate, and [3-(13)c]alanine ... | 1999 | 9892234 |
| preparation of chylomicrons and vldl with monoacid-rich triacylglycerol and characterization of kinetic parameters in lipoprotein lipase-mediated hydrolysis in chickens. | to identify the substrate specificity of lipoprotein lipase (lpl) for triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins with monoacid-rich triacylglycerols, monoacid-rich lipoproteins were prepared and kinetic parameters of lpl were characterized. male broiler chickens were fed 8 g/100 g fat diets differing only in the fat source: palm oil (tripalmitin-rich), olive oil (triolein-rich), safflower oil (trilinolein-rich) and linseed oil (trilinolenin-rich). after diets were fed for 3 d, chickens were starved for 2 ... | 1999 | 9915888 |
| formula tolerance in postbreastfed and exclusively formula-fed infants. | perceived intolerance to infant formula is a frequently reported reason for formula switching. formula intolerance may be related to perceived symptoms of constipation, fussiness, abdominal cramps, and excessive spit-up or vomit. commercially available formulas differ from each other in processing and in sources and levels of protein, lipids, and micronutrients. these differences may affect tolerance. the objective of this article was to compare the tolerance of two commercially available powder ... | 1999 | 9917487 |
| effects of dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency and repletion in the guinea pig retina. | to investigate the nature and reversibility of biochemical and functional changes in the retina encountered over a single generation of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in guinea pigs. | 1999 | 9950590 |
| comparative effects of short- and long-term feeding of safflower oil and perilla oil on lipid metabolism in rats. | diets high in linoleic acid (20% safflower oil contained 77.3% linoleic acid, so-diet) and alpha-linolenic acid (20% perilla oil contained 58.4% alpha-linolenic acid, po-diet) were fed to rats for 3, 7, 20, and 50 days, and effects of the diets on lipid metabolism were compared. levels of serum total cholesterol and phospholipids in the rats fed the po-diet were markedly lower than those fed the so-diet after the seventh day. in serum and hepatic phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, ... | 1998 | 9972297 |
| effect of intravenous omega-6 and omega-3 fat emulsions on nitrogen retention and protein kinetics in burned rats. | the effect of omega-3 fat emulsion on nitrogen retention and kinetics in relation to fatty acid profile were investigated in burned rats receiving total parenteral nutrition (tpn). a fat emulsion of a structured symmetrical triacylglycerol containing only eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) (2:1) was prepared. sprague-dawley rats were fed by fat-free chow for 2 wk. then rats were fed exclusively with one of three types of tpn for 7 d. animals in group c received fat-free t ... | 1999 | 9990578 |
| effects of soybean oil emulsion and eicosapentaenoic acid on stress response and immune function after a severely stressful operation. | to investigate the effects of soybean oil emulsion and oral or enteral administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) on stress response, cytokine production, protein metabolism, and immune function after surgery for esophageal cancer. | 1999 | 10024108 |
| high-linoleate and high-alpha-linolenate diets affect learning ability and natural behavior in samr1 mice. | semipurified diets incorporating either perilla oil [high in alpha-linolenate, 18:3(n-3)] or safflower oil [high in linoleate, 18:2(n-6)] were fed to senescence-resistant samr1 mouse dams and their pups. male offspring at 15 mo were examined using behavioral tests. in the open field test, locomotor activity during a 5-min period was significantly higher in the safflower oil group than in the perilla oil group. observations of the circadian rhythm (48 h) of spontaneous motor activity indicated th ... | 1999 | 10024623 |
| microencapsulation of chlorpheniramine maleate-resin particles with crosslinked chitosan for sustained release. | formulation and preparation parameters of drug/ion-exchange particles microencapsulated in cross-linked chitosan were evaluated for controlled release of the water-soluble drug chlorpheniramine maleate (cpm) in a suspension. an emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to produce cpm-resinates embedded in glutaraldehyde (gta) crosslinked chitosan microspheres (mcss). crosslinking extent in the chitosan was monitored by swelling measurements. controlled release was evaluated by dissolution tes ... | 1999 | 10027219 |
| polyenylphosphatidylcholine opposes the increase of cytochrome p-4502e1 by ethanol and corrects its iron-induced decrease. | dietary iron overload damages membrane phospholipids and decreases microsomal cytochromes p-450. we wondered whether this might also pertain to cytochrome p-4502e1 (2e1) and whether polyenylphosphatidylcholine (ppc), a 94-96% pure mixture of linoleate-rich polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines that protects against alcohol-induced liver injury, also affects 2e1, either in the presence or absence of iron. accordingly, rats were fed for 8 weeks our standard liquid diet containing ethanol (36% of en ... | 1999 | 10029208 |
| effects of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid on lipid metabolism, eicosanoid production, platelet aggregation and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rats. | exogenously hypercholesterolemic (exhc) rats were fed on an atherogenic diet supplemented with 1% each of either ethyl ester docosahexaenoic acid [ee-dha, 22:6(n-3)], ethyl ester eicosapentaenoic acid [ee-epa, 20:5(n-3)] or safflower oil (so) for 6 months. the rats fed on the diets containing ee-epa or ee-dha, compared with those fed on so, had lower serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, less aggregation of platelets and slower progress of intimal thickening in the ascending aorta. relat ... | 1999 | 10052130 |
| dietary effect of epa-rich and dha-rich fish oils on the immune function of sprague-dawley rats. | the dietary effect of fish oils (fos) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) or docosahexaenoic acid (dha) on the immune function of sprague-dawley rats was compared with that of safflower oil. after 3 weeks of feeding at the 10% level of a dietary fat, the igg and igm production by splenocytes and igg production by mesenteric lymph node (mln) lymphocytes were significantly higher in the fo-fed rats, while no significant difference was found in iga or ige productivity by both the spleen and mln lym ... | 1999 | 10052133 |
| choice of cooking oils--myths and realities. | in contrast to earlier epidemiologic studies showing a low prevalence of atherosclerotic heart disease (ahd) and type-2 dependent diabetes mellitus (type-2 dm) in the indian subcontinent, over the recent years, there has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of these diseases in indians--both abroad and at home, attributable to increased dietary fat intake. replacing the traditional cooking fats condemned to be atherogenic, with refined vegetable oils promoted as "heart-friendly" because o ... | 1998 | 10063298 |
| a high sucrose, high linoleic acid diet potentiates hypertension in the dahl salt sensitive rat. | insulin resistance can be induced by diets high in simple carbohydrates or fatty acids. to determine whether these nutrients also affect arterial pressure in genetic models of salt sensitive and salt resistant hypertension, dahl salt sensitive (s) and salt resistant (r) rats were each fed the following isocaloric diets containing 3% nacl for 4 weeks (10 rats/group): 1) control; 2) high sucrose (60%); 3) high linoleic acid (la, provided as 10% safflower oil); and 4) high sucrose plus high la. tai ... | 1999 | 10090346 |
| dietary alpha-linolenate suppresses endotoxin-induced platelet-activating factor production in rat kidney. | in comparison with dietary high-linoleate safflower oil, high alpha-linolenate perilla oil decreased alkylacyl- and alkenylacyl-glycerophosphocholine (gpc) content in rat kidney by roughly 30 and 25%, respectively. the fatty acid composition was also modified by high alpha-linolenate oil; arachidonic acid (aa) level in alkylacyl-gpc, a platelet-activating factor (paf) precursor, decreased by 30% along with concomitant increases in the n-3 fatty acid levels. paf contents under resting conditions ... | 1999 | 10188594 |
| concentration of serum lipids and aortic lesion size in female and male apo e-deficient mice fed docosahexaenoic acid. | apolipoprotein (apo) e-deficient mice were fed an atherogenic diet with either 1% ethyl ester docosahexaenoic acid (dha) or safflower oil (so) as a source of linoleic acid for 8 week. both genders fed dha had higher proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid and dha, and lower proportions of linoleic and arachidonic acids in the liver and serum phospholipids than those fed so. males fed dha had greater liver weight and tended to have higher concentrations of serum lipids and liver cholesterol than tho ... | 1999 | 10192911 |
| genotype and diet effects in lean and obese zucker rats fed either safflower or coconut oil diets. | previously we reported that suckling lean heterozygous (fa/fa) zucker rats had a number of adipose tissue measurements intermediate between those of homozygous lean (fa/fa) and obese (fa/fa) rats. however, in young adult male rats maintained on a low-fat diet, these differences were no longer apparent (i.e., values for the two lean genotypes were similar). in the present study we determined whether the heterozygous effect of the "fa" gene was dependent on the consumption of a high-fat diet. moth ... | 1999 | 10193443 |
| up-regulation of liver uncoupling protein-2 mrna by either fish oil feeding or fibrate administration in mice. | fish oil feeding showed less obesity in rodents, relative to other dietary oils. n-3 fatty acids rich in fish oil and fibrate compounds are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparalpha) ligands that stimulate beta-oxidation of fatty acids in liver and are used for treatment of hypertriglycemic patients. since ucp-2, a member of an uncoupling protein family, has been shown to express in hepatocytes, the effects of these agents on the expression of ucp2 mrna were investigated. c57bl ... | 1999 | 10208878 |
| alcohol-induced pancreatic oxidative stress: protection by phospholipid repletion. | oxidative stress is considered to be a forerunner of pancreatitis. since we had found polyenylphosphatidylcholine, a mixture of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines extracted from soybeans, to protect against hepatic oxidative stress, we now tested its effects on the pancreas. sprague-dawley rats were pair-fed for two months nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing ethanol (36% of energy) or isocaloric carbohydrate, with either polyenylphosphatidylcholine (3 g/1000 kcal) or safflower oil, w ... | 1999 | 10218649 |
| serotonin derivative, n-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin, isolated from safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) oil cake augments the proliferation of normal human and mouse fibroblasts in synergy with basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) or epidermal growth factor (egf). | n-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (cs) with antioxidative activity is present in safflower oil. we have reported that cs inhibits proinflammatory cytokine generation from human monocytes in vitro. as reactive oxygen species (ros) affect cell proliferation, in this study the effect of cs on the proliferation of various cell types was examined. cs augments the proliferation of normal human and mouse fibroblast cells. the cells continue to proliferate in the presence of cs and form a transformed cell-like f ... | 1999 | 10220583 |
| effects of castor oil on lipid metabolism in rats. | weanling rats were given diets contained castor oil (cao-diet), coconut oil (co-diet), or high-oleic safflower oil (ho-diet) each 10% (wt). no growth retardations were observed on the cao-diets. the cao-diet group showed significantly lower serum cholesterol and hepatic triacylglycerols than the ho-diet group. ricinoleic acid was found at an extremely low level in perirenal adipose tissue. | 1999 | 10227151 |
| effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men. | vegetarians have lower platelet and plasma concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) than do omnivores. we recently showed that male vegetarians have higher platelet aggregability than do omnivores. | 1999 | 10232625 |
| dietary lipids modify the cytokine response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in mice. | to investigate the effect of dietary lipids with different fatty acid compositions upon the in vivo cytokine response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), mice were fed for 5 weeks on a low-fat diet or on one of four high-fat diets that contained 20%, by weight, of coconut oil (co), olive oil (oo), safflower oil (so) or fish oil (fo). the mice were injected intraperitoneally with a non-lethal dose of escherichia coli lps (100 micrograms/20 g body weight) and killed 90 or 180 min later. plasma ... | 1999 | 10233721 |
| effects of feeding beef females supplemental fat during gestation on cold tolerance in newborn calves. | effects of prepartum fat supplementation of the dam on cold tolerance of calves were determined in two studies. in exp. 1, 22 f1, crossbred heifers gestating f2 calves received diets containing either 1.7 or 4.7% dietary fat starting at d 230+/-2d of gestation. safflower seeds (carthamus tinctorius) containing 37% oil with 79% linoleic acid were the supplemental fat source in isocaloric-isonitrogenous diets. calves were separated from their dams at birth, fed pooled dairy-cow colostrum, muzzled ... | 1999 | 10328345 |
| temporal effects of testosterone propionate injections on serum lipoprotein concentrations in rats. | the chronic abuse of androgenic anabolic steroids, a group of synthetic derivatives of testosterone, to improve athletic performance have demonstrated compromised serum lipoprotein concentrations reflecting an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease. while the detrimental alterations in the lipoprotein profile have been reported consistently for orally administered androgenic anabolic steroids, the reports examining the effects of parenteral administration of testosterone upon the lipid profile ... | 1999 | 10331885 |
| plasma clearance of chylomicrons from butterfat is not dependent on saturation: studies with butterfat fractions and other fats containing triacylglycerols with low or high melting points. | dietary fats influence plasma lipids, and changes in the clearance and metabolism of postprandial lipoproteins can affect atherosclerosis. butterfat is considered hypercholesterolemic but contains a multitude of constituent fatty acids. | 1999 | 10357733 |
| identification of carcinogens in cooking oil fumes. | according to earlier studies, fumes from cooking oils were found to be genotoxic in several short-term tests such as the ames test, sister chromatid exchange, and sos chromotest. fume samples from six different commercial cooking oils (safflower, olive, coconut, mustard, vegetable, and corn) frequently used in taiwan were collected. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were extracted from the air samples and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatogra ... | 1999 | 10361022 |
| effects of gammalinolenic acid on interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion by stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes: studies in vitro and in vivo. | oils enriched in gammalinolenic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, reduce joint pain and swelling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. the cytokines interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha appear to contribute directly to joint tissue damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. agents designed to interfere with the actions of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are being used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. | 1999 | 10361385 |
| correlation of neomycin, faecal neutral and acid sterols with colon carcinogenesis in rats. | high fat diets have been implicated in incidence of colon cancer both in epidemiological and animal studies. present investigation deals with the incidence, location and numbers of large and small bowel tumours induced by 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (dmh) in rats fed high fat diets and neomycin. neomycin was used to modify the faecal sterol metabolism and the relationship of the high fat diet and faecal neutral and acid sterols to the large bowel tumorigenesis was evaluated. dmh administered rats wer ... | 1999 | 10376962 |
| dietary conjugated linoleic acids alter serum igf-i and igf binding protein concentrations and reduce bone formation in rats fed (n-6) or (n-3) fatty acids. | a study was designed to examine the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (cla) on serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) and igf binding proteins (igfbp) and the relationship of these factors to bone metabolism. weanling male rats were fed ain-93g diet containing 70 g/kg of added fat for 42 days. treatments included 0 g/kg or 10 g/kg of cla and soybean oil (sbo) or menhaden oil + safflower oil (mso) following a 2 x 2 factorial design. serum igfbp was influenced by di ... | 1999 | 10404015 |
| effects of aflatoxin b1 on the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system during phenobarbital and benzo(a)pyrene treatment in chickens. | administration of 1.5 mg aflatoxin b1 (afb1)/kg in dmso as a single i.p. dose to 80 mg phenobarbital/kg i.p. for 3 d pretreated chickens showed significant decrease in the levels of electron transport components and drug metabolizing enzymes compared to phenobarbital administration alone. induction of mixed function oxidase enzymes due to phenobarbital was not affected by the afb1 pretreatment. afb1 administration to 20 mg benzo(a)pyrene/kg in safflower seed oil i.p. for 2 d pretreated chickens ... | 1999 | 10434373 |
| effect of dietary fats differing in degree of unsaturation on gene expression in rat adipose tissue. | to test the possibility that the type of dietary fat affects the expression of proteins involved in adipose tissue metabolism, levels of mrna for lipoprotein lipase, leptin, glucose transporter 4, and uncoupling protein in adipose tissues were compared among rats fed a low-fat diet (2% safflower oil), and high-fat diets containing 20% saturated fat (palm oil) or unsaturated fat rich in linoleic acid (safflower oil) for 3 weeks. high-fat diets decreased the lipoprotein lipase mrna level in epidid ... | 1999 | 10436307 |
| effects of prepartum supplementary fat and muscle hypertrophy genotype on cold tolerance in newborn calves. | effects of feeding pregnant dams supplemental dietary fat during the last 55 d of gestation on cold tolerance of newborn crossbred calves with (piedmontese cross, p, n = 15) or without (hereford cross, h, n = 16) the muscle hypertrophy allele was determined. primiparous f1 dams gestating f2 calves of the respective breeds were assigned randomly within breed to receive gestation diets containing either 2.2 (low fat; lf) or 5.1% fat (high fat; hf). safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) seeds contain ... | 1999 | 10462003 |
| fish oil feeding decreases mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (srebp-1) by down-regulation of srebp-1c mrna in mouse liver. a possible mechanism for down-regulation of lipogenic enzyme mrnas. | dietary fish oil induces hepatic peroxisomal and microsomal fatty acid oxidation by peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha activation, whereas it down-regulates lipogenic gene expression by unknown mechanism(s). because sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (srebps) up-regulated lipogenic genes, investigation was made on the effects of fish oil feeding on srebps and sterol regulatory element (sre)-dependent gene expression in c57bl/6j mice. three forms of srebps, srebp-1a, -1c, an ... | 1999 | 10464332 |
| the effects of a dietary oxidized oil on lipid metabolism in rats. | this study was carried out to investigate the effects of a dietary oxidized oil on lipid metabolism in rats, particularly the desaturation of fatty acids. two groups of rats were fed initially for a period of 35 d diets containing 10% of either fresh oil or thermally treated oil (150 degrees c, 6 d). the dietary fats used were markedly different for lipid peroxidation products (peroxide value: 94.5 vs. 3.1 meq o2/kg; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances: 230 vs. 7 micromol/kg) but were equali ... | 1999 | 10478930 |
| effect of dietary lipids on phospholipase d activity in rat brain. | phospholipase d (pld) is emerging as a major player in many novel signaling pathways. based on recent studies correlating membrane composition with enzyme function, we speculated that feeding of dietary lipids to the newborns has a major impact on brain pld activity. to test this hypothesis, the rat dams were fed fat-free powder containing either safflower oil or fish oil, and a control powdered chow. the pups were weaned onto the diet and sacrificed at 30 days of age. pld activity was measured ... | 1999 | 10478935 |
| essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. | human beings evolved consuming a diet that contained about equal amounts of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids. over the past 100-150 y there has been an enormous increase in the consumption of n-6 fatty acids due to the increased intake of vegetable oils from corn, sunflower seeds, safflower seeds, cottonseed, and soybeans. today, in western diets, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids ranges from approximately 20-30:1 instead of the traditional range of 1-2:1. studies indicate that a high intake ... | 1999 | 10479232 |
| long-term n-3 fatty acid deficiency induces no substantial change in the rate of protein synthesis in rat brain and liver. | the influence of long-term n-3 fatty acid deficiency on the rate of protein synthesis in rat brain and liver was investigated in relation to learning behavior or a presumed survival time-shortening factor (ssf) in rapeseed oil, using a large-dose [3h]phenylalanine (phe) injection method. when wistar rats were made n-3 fatty acid-deficient by feeding a safflower oil (alpha-linolenate-deficient) diet for 2 generations, conditions under which the safflower oil group had been shown to exhibit altere ... | 1999 | 10480312 |
| consumption of fish oil leads to prompt incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid into colonic mucosa of patients prior to surgery for colorectal cancer, but has no detectable effect on epithelial cytokinetics. | fish oil (fo) was previously reported to partially normalize colorectal crypt cell cytokinetics in patients with colorectal neoplasms. we determined the effect of fo on the fatty acid composition of colonic mucosa and mesenteric adipose tissue and on rectal crypt cell proliferation in patients undergoing surgery for colonic carcinoma. patients (49-28 males; 21 females) were randomly assigned to consume fo capsules (2 g b.d.; fo group) containing 1.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and 1.0 g docosa ... | 1999 | 10498759 |
| dietary phospholipid-dependent reductions in gene expression and activity of liver enzymes in fatty acid synthesis in fasted-refed rats. | the effects of dietary soybean phospholipid, its hydrogenation product and safflower phospholipid on gene expression and the activity of hepatic enzymes in fatty acid biosynthesis were examined in fasted-refed rats. phospholipid composition of soybean phospholipid and its hydrogenation product were the same, but the hydrogenation product contained negligible amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. among phospholipid classes, lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol proportions were slightly ... | 1999 | 10524348 |
| effects of roasting on pyrazine contents and oxidative stability of red pepper seed oil prior to its extraction. | red pepper seeds were roasted with constant stirring for 6, 9, 10, and 12 min at 210 degrees c, and oils were extracted from the roasted red pepper seeds using an expeller. the iodine values and fatty acid compositions of red pepper seed oils did not change with roasting time. the fatty acid composition of the oil obtained from the red pepper seeds roasted for 6 min was 0.24% myristic acid, 13. 42% palmitic acid, 0.33% palmitoleic acid, 2.07% stearic acid, 10. 18% oleic acid, 73.89% linoleic aci ... | 1999 | 10564041 |
| lipidemic effects of an interesterified mixture of butter, medium-chain triacylglycerol and safflower oils. | the objective of this study was to determine if the positional structure of dietary triacylglycerol affected lipidemic responses. thirty healthy adults (16 men and 14 postmenopausal women) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) concentrations >3.37 mm (130 mg/dl) enrolled in a prospective, single-blind, cross-over outpatient clinical trial that consisted of two 5-wk dietary phases. after baseline screening, subjects were instructed to follow individualized meal plans (weight maintenanc ... | 1999 | 10574652 |
| regulation of mevalonate synthesis in low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice fed n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (hmg)-coa reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyzes the formation of mevalonate which is also required for cell proliferation. changes in hmg-coa reductase may mediate the differential effects of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) on experimental mammary tumorigenesis, but the mechanisms by which these fatty acids regulate hmg-coa reductase are unclear. to determine whether the low density lipoprotein receptor (ldl-r) is req ... | 1999 | 10580331 |
| modulation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in murine salivary gland by dietary fatty acid ethyl esters. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of n-9, n-6, and n-3 dietary fatty acid ethyl esters on basal (uninduced) and fe2+/ascorbate (induced) lipid peroxidation (lpo) in salivary gland (sg) of mice. feeding n-3 ethyl ester polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) increased the uninduced and induced lpo in sg homogenates. in contrast, feeding olive oil ethyl esters (n-9) significantly lowered the induced and uninduced lpo in sg tissue. salivary gland susceptibility to lpo increased ... | 1999 | 10597892 |
| strength training does not alter the effects of testosterone propionate injections on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. | the purpose of the study was to examine the long-term effects of a high-volume strength training program (vertical ladder climbing) and testosterone propionate injections (intraperitoneal) on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in male sprague-dawley rats. the animals were randomly divided into a testosterone (t)-treated group (dose per injection, 2.5 mg/kg testosterone propionate solubilized in 1 ml safflower oil) and a control (c) group (injected with an isovolumic amount of safflower o ... | 1999 | 10599978 |
| cloning, expression, and fatty acid regulation of the human delta-5 desaturase. | arachidonic (20:4(n-6)), eicosapentaenoic (20:5(n-3)), and docosahexaenoic (22:6(n-3)) acids are major components of brain and retina phospholipids, substrates for eicosanoid production, and regulators of nuclear transcription factors. one of the two rate-limiting steps in the production of these polyenoic fatty acids is the desaturation of 20:3(n-6) and 20:4(n-3) by delta-5 desaturase. this report describes the cloning and expression of the human delta-5 desaturase, and it compares the structur ... | 1999 | 10601301 |
| dietary docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates, but rapeseed oil and safflower oil accelerate renal injury in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats as compared with soybean oil, which is associated with expression for renal transforming growth factor-beta, fibronectin and renin. | we have noted that n-3 fatty acid-rich oils, such as fish oil, perilla oil and flaxseed oil as well as ethyl docosahexaenoate (dha) prolonged the survival time of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (shrsp) rats by approximately 10% as compared with linoleate (n-6)-rich safflower oil. rapeseed oil with a relatively low n-6/n-3 ratio unusually shortened the survival time by approximately 40%, suggesting the presence of minor components unfavorable to shrsp rats. this study examined the e ... | 2000 | 10601699 |
| dietary n-3 fatty acid restriction during gestation in rats: neuronal cell body and growth-cone fatty acids. | growth cones are membrane-rich structures found at the distal end of growing axons and are the predecessors of the synaptic membranes of nerve endings. this study examined whether n-3 fatty acid restriction during gestation in rats alters the composition of growth cone and neuronal cell body membrane fatty acids in newborns. female rats were fed a standard control diet containing soy oil (8% of fatty acids as 18:3n-3 by wt) or a semisynthetic n-3 fatty acid-deficient diet with safflower oil (0.3 ... | 2000 | 10617988 |
| health benefits of rice bran oil. | although scientific evidence is relatively limited, rice bran oil (rbo) is tenaciously believed to be a healthy vegetable oil in asian countries. it exerts hypocholesterolemic activity in relation to more commonly used vegetable oils and is characterized by a relatively high content of non-fatty acid components, some of which are known to have beneficial health effects. components specific for rbo such as gamma-oryzanol and tocotrienols could participate in its hypocholesterolemic effects. in ad ... | 1999 | 10625933 |
| safflower petals: a source of gamma linolenic acid. | safflower petals have been shown to have a lot of medicinal and therapeutic values. indian safflower petal samples were analyzed for the red pigment carthamin, protein and oil contents. the petal oil (4.0-5.8%) was further analyzed for its fatty acids followed by alpha linolenic acid (15-19%) and palmitic acids (14-16%). gamma linolenic acid, which has a lot of therapeutic value was present to an extent of 2-3%; decanoic and dodecanoic acids (2-5%) were also present. | 1999 | 10646633 |
| dietary fats affect macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity towards tumour cells. | in the present study, the effects of feeding mice diets of different fatty acid compositions on the production of tnf-alpha and nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and on macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity towards l929 and p815 cells were investigated. c57bl6 mice were fed on a low-fat (lf) diet or on high-fat diets (21% fat by weight), which included coconut oil (co), olive oil (oo), safflower oil (so) or fish oil (fo) as the principal fat source. the fatty acid c ... | 2000 | 10651928 |