| morphological and cytological development and starch accumulation in hermaphrodite and staminate flowers of olive (olea europaea l.). | in olive (olea europaea l.), the formation of functionally staminate flowers rather than fully functional hermaphrodites is one of the major factors limiting fruit set, as flowers with aborted pistils are incapable of producing fruit. studies conducted on various angiosperm species have shown a correlation between flower abortion and starch content. thus, it is important to know if starch content plays a role in regulating pistil development in olive and if so, what mechanism regulates starch di ... | 2009 | 20033432 |
| cryopreservation of olive embryogenic cultures. | the aim of this work was to optimize a protocol for the cryopreservation of embryogenic cultures of olive (olea europaea l.). exposure time to loading solution and pvs2 significantly influenced the regrowth rate of both organized and non-organized tissues. organized tissues were more sensitive to prolonged treatments with vitrification solutions compared to non-organized tissues. three cryopreservation protocols were compared using non-organized tissues: the "classical" vitrification protocol, a ... | 2013 | 19946658 |
| physiologic responses and gene diversity indicate olive alternative oxidase as a potential source for markers involved in efficient adventitious root induction. | olive (olea europaea l.) trees are mainly propagated by adventitious rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings. however, efficient commercial propagation of valuable olive tree cultivars or landraces by semi-hardwood cuttings can often be restricted by a low rooting capacity. we hypothesize that root induction is a plant cell reaction linked to oxidative stress and that activity of stress-induced alternative oxidase (aox) is importantly involved in adventitious rooting. to identify aox as a source for p ... | 2009 | 19941624 |
| pigment profile in non-spanish olive varieties ( olea europaea l. var. coratina, frantoio, and koroneiki). | the analysis, for the first time, of the chlorophyll and carotenoid profile of olive fruits of the varieties coratina, frantoio, and koroneiki has revealed important differences with spanish varieties. first, a high chlorophylls/carotenoids ratio and a low chlorophyll a/b ratio imply that the photosynthetic apparatus has structural differences with respect to other olive varieties; second, in the carotenoid fraction, a low percentage of lutein, a high percentage of beta-carotene, and a high cont ... | 2009 | 19883073 |
| computational annotation of genes differentially expressed along olive fruit development. | olea europaea l. is a traditional tree crop of the mediterranean basin with a worldwide economical high impact. differently from other fruit tree species, little is known about the physiological and molecular basis of the olive fruit development and a few sequences of genes and gene products are available for olive in public databases. this study deals with the identification of large sets of differentially expressed genes in developing olive fruits and the subsequent computational annotation by ... | 2009 | 19852839 |
| water deficit-induced changes in mesocarp cellular processes and the relationship between mesocarp and endocarp during olive fruit development. | a field experiment was conducted during two consecutive growing seasons to determine and quantify the growth response of the olive (olea europaea l. cv. leccino) fruit and of its component tissues to tree water status. pre-dawn leaf water potential (psi(w)) and fruit volume were measured at about weekly intervals, and fresh weight (fw) and dry weight (dw) of the fruit tissues at 15, 20 and 21 weeks after full bloom (afb). fruit anatomical sections were prepared at 8, 15 and 21 weeks afb for area ... | 2009 | 19825868 |
| phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenol concentration in fruits of olea europaea l. cv. picual, verdial, arbequina, and frantoio during ripening. | the kinetics and protein-expression level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) in fruits of olive trees (olea europaea) cv. picual, verdial, arbequina, and frantoio have been studied in relation to the concentration of total phenolic compounds, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol during fruit ripening. frantoio was the variety that showed the highest total phenol concentration, the highest pal activity, the lowest ppo activity, and the lowest protein levels. in c ... | 2009 | 19813730 |
| comparative 454 pyrosequencing of transcripts from two olive genotypes during fruit development. | despite its primary economic importance, genomic information on olive tree is still lacking. 454 pyrosequencing was used to enrich the very few sequence data currently available for the olea europaea species and to identify genes involved in expression of fruit quality traits. | 2009 | 19709400 |
| purification and characterization of an olive fruit beta-glucosidase involved in the biosynthesis of virgin olive oil phenolics. | an olive beta-glucosidase was purified to apparent homogeneity from mature fruits ( olea europaea cv. picual) by selective extraction and successive anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographic procedures. the enzyme was shown to be a homodimer made up of two identical subunits of 65.4 kda. optimum activity was recorded at ph 5.5 and 45 degrees c. the enzyme was active on the main olive phenolic glycosides, with maximum activity toward oleuropein (100%), followed by ligstroside (65 ... | 2009 | 19689134 |
| influence of indole-butyric acid and electro-pulse on in vitro rooting and development of olive (olea europea l.) microshoots. | the effects of indole-butyric acid (iba) and electro-pulses on rooting and shoot growth were studied in vitro, using olive shoot cultures. tested shoots were obtained from seedlings belonging to three spanish cultivars, 'arbequina', 'manzanilla de sevilla' and 'gordal sevillana', which have easy-, medium- and difficult-to-root rooting abilities, respectively. the standard two-step rooting method (srm), consisting of root induction in olive rooting medium supplemented with 0, 0.1 or 1 mg/l iba fo ... | 2009 | 19655148 |
| phenotypic plasticity and integration across the canopy of olea europaea subsp. guanchica (oleaceae) in populations with different wind exposures. | woody plants, as sessile and long-lived organisms, are expected to have effective mechanisms for dealing with recurrent environmental stresses. in the present study, we hypothesized that phenotypic plasticity (the ability to express alternative phenotypes) and integration (covariation among functionally related traits) are elicited in plants under stressful wind speed conditions. we investigated the within-crown variation of nine vegetative traits of a tree species (olea europaea subsp. guanchic ... | 2009 | 21628292 |
| improvement in botanical standardization of commercial freeze-dried herbal extracts by using the combination of antioxidant capacity and constituent marker concentrations. | botanical extracts are standardized to > or = 1 marker compounds (mcs). this standardization provides a certain level of quality control, but not complete quality assurance. thus, industries are looking for other satisfactory systems to improve standardization. this study focuses on the standardization of herbal medicines by combining 2 parameters: the concentration of the mc and antioxidant capacity. antioxidant capacity was determined with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) method a ... | 2009 | 19610370 |
| antioxidant defences and oxidative damage in salt-treated olive plants under contrasting sunlight irradiance. | the interactive effects of root-zone salinity and sunlight on leaf biochemistry, with special emphasis on antioxidant defences, were analysed in olea europaea l. cv. allora, during the summer period. plants were grown outside under 15% (shade plants) or 100% sunlight (sun plants) and supplied with 0 or 125 mm nacl. the following measurements were performed: (1) the contribution of ions and soluble carbohydrates to osmotic potentials; (2) the photosystem ii (psii) photochemistry and the photosynt ... | 2009 | 19608597 |
| expression analysis identifies fad2-2 as the olive oleate desaturase gene mainly responsible for the linoleic acid content in virgin olive oil. | the effect of ripening stage and water regimen on oleate desaturase gene expression levels in the fruit of different olive ( olea europaea l.) varieties was investigated to elucidate the contribution of each to the linoleic acid content in virgin olive oil. to this end, fatty acid analysis and quantitative real time pcr were performed using distinct olive tissues and different developmental stages from the picual and arbequina cultivars. the results showed that the olive fad2-1, fad2-2, and fad6 ... | 2009 | 19601663 |
| alternative methods for sampling and preservation of photosynthetic pigments and tocopherols in plant material from remote locations. | current methods for the study of pigments involve freezing in liquid nitrogen and storage at -80 degrees c or lyophilization until hplc analysis. these requirements greatly restrict ecophysiological research in remote areas where such resources are hardly available. we aimed to overcome such limitations by developing several techniques not requiring freezing or lyophilization. two species with contrasting foliar characteristics (olea europaea and taraxacum officinale) were chosen. seven preserva ... | 2009 | 19593662 |
| hypersensitivity to the pollen of olea europea in the mediterranean area. | | 2009 | 19581218 |
| interactive effects of soil water deficit and air vapour pressure deficit on mesophyll conductance to co2 in vitis vinifera and olea europaea. | the present work aims to study the interactive effect of drought stress and high vapour pressure deficit (vpd) on leaf gas exchange, and especially on mesophyll conductance to co(2) (g(m)), in two woody species of great agronomical importance in the mediterranean basin: vitis vinifera l. cv. tempranillo and olea europaea l. cv. manzanilla. plants were grown in specially designed outdoor chambers with ambient and below ambient vpd, under both well-irrigated and drought conditions. g(m) was estima ... | 2009 | 19457982 |
| evaluation of serum s-ige/total ige ratio in predicting clinical response to allergen-specific immunotherapy. | to date, no predictive tests for the clinical response to allergen-specific immunotherapy (asi) are available. therefore an in vivo or in vitro test would be of great value. | 2009 | 19356792 |
| effect of malaxation conditions on phenol and volatile profiles in olive paste and the corresponding virgin olive oils (olea europaea l. cv. cornicabra). | malaxation of olive paste must be considered to be much more than a simple physical separation, because a complex bioprocess takes place that is very relevant to the quality and composition of the final product. a combined study of the effect of kneading temperature and time on the minor composition of olive paste and its corresponding virgin olive oil, processed in an experimental oil mill (pieralisi, fattoria) with a working capacity of 200 kg/h, is reported. a large drop in the oleuropein con ... | 2009 | 19338278 |
| impact of sampling parameters on the radical scavenging potential of olive (olea europaea l.) leaves. | the impact of sampling parameters, that is, cultivar, leaf age, and sampling date, on the radical scavenging potential of olive leaf extracts was examined via the dpph(*) and other assays. total phenol content was estimated colorimetrically and by fluorometry, whereas phenol composition was assessed by rp-hplc coupled with diode array, fluorometric, and ms detection systems. oleuropein was not always the major leaf constituent. considerable differences noted in individual phenol levels (hydroxyt ... | 2009 | 19334682 |
| triterpenic content and chemometric analysis of virgin olive oils from forty olive cultivars. | forty olive cultivars (olea europaea, l.) from the world olive germoplasm bank collection of cordoba (spain) were studied for their oil triterpenic dialcohol (uvaol and erythrodiol) and acid (oleanolic, ursolic, maslinic) composition. dialcohol content ranged from 8.15 to 85.05 mg/kg, erythrodiol being the most predominant (from 5.89 to 73.78 mg/kg), whereas uvaol content was found at lower levels (from 1.50 to 19.35 mg/kg). triterpenic acid concentration oscillated between 8.90 to 112.36 mg/kg. ... | 2009 | 19326867 |
| partial root zone drying: regulation of photosynthetic limitations and antioxidant enzymatic activities in young olive (olea europaea) saplings. | the effect of partial root drying (prd) irrigation on split-root olive (olea europaea l. cv picholine marocaine) saplings was investigated. an irrigated control and two prd regimes were applied (control: irrigation applied on both sides of the root system to keep the soil water content close to field capacity; prd(50): irrigation applied at 50% of the control amount on one side of the root system and irrigation withheld from the other side, with irrigation regimes switched between the sides of t ... | 2009 | 19324696 |
| mutation scanning and genotyping by high-resolution dna melting analysis in olive germplasm. | the application of high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis of dna is reported for scanning and genotyping olea europaea germplasm. to test the sensitivity of the method, a functional gene marker, phytochrome a (phya), was used, since this gene is correlated with important traits for the ecology of the species. we have designed a set of oligos able to produce amplicons of 307 bp to scan for the presence of single polymorphic mutations in a specific phya fragment encompassing the chromophore attach ... | 2009 | 19234553 |
| maldi-tof/ms fingerprinting of triacylglycerols (tags) in olive oils produced in the israeli negev desert. | triacylglycerols (tags), composed of three esterified fatty acids with an attached glycerol backbone, are the main component of vegetable oil (approximately 95%) and an important source of energy and nutrition for humans, so their compositional analysis merits extensive interest. intact tag composition of oil in native form is highly important, rather than the fatty acid profile itself. this paper reports the analysis of the tag profile of olive oils produced from the six common olive cultivars ... | 2009 | 19199592 |
| biosynthesis and biotransformations of phenol-conjugated oleosidic secoiridoids from olea europaea l. | the genus olea contains the economically important european olive tree (olea europaea l.). this species is also of chemotaxonomic interest because of the presence of various phenol-conjugated oleosidic secoiridoids or oleosides. the chemistry of these phenolic oleosides is diverse and complicated, and it is only in recent years that attention has been given to their biosynthesis and the biotransformations during the processing and storage of olive products. many questions regarding these process ... | 2008 | 19030607 |
| reduction of virgin olive oil bitterness by fruit cold storage. | green mature olives (olea europaea l. cv. 'manzanilla', 'picual', and 'verdial') were stored at 5 degrees c, and the oil extracted from them showed a middle intensity level of sensory-evaluated bitterness. the storage times necessary for this reduction were different for the three varieties tested, requiring 4, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively, for 'manzanilla', 'picual', and 'verdial' olives. the level of commercial quality of the extracted oil did not deteriorate as a consequence of previous fruit ... | 2008 | 18937491 |
| x-ray microscopy of plant cells by using lif crystal as a detector. | a lithium fluoride (lif) crystal has been utilized as a new soft x-ray detector to image different biological samples at a high spatial resolution. this new type of image detector for x-ray microscopy has many interesting properties: high resolution (nanometer scale), permanent storage of images, the ability to clear the image and reuse the lif crystal, and high contrast with greater dynamic range. cells of the unicellular green algae chlamydomonas dysosmos and chlorella sorokiniana, and pollen ... | 2008 | 18785247 |
| optimisation of the extraction of olive (olea europaea) leaf phenolics using water/ethanol-based solvent systems and response surface methodology. | an experimental setup based on a 2(3) full-factorial, central-composite design was implemented with the aim of optimising the recovery of polyphenols from olive leaves by employing reusable and nontoxic solutions composed of water/ethanol/citric acid as extracting media. the factors considered were (i) the ph of the medium, (ii) the extraction time and (iii) the ethanol concentration. the model obtained produced a satisfactory fit to the data with regard to total polyphenol extraction (r(2) = 0. ... | 2008 | 18762919 |
| histological and immunohistochemical studies on flower induction in the olive tree (olea europaea l.). | the aim of this research was to study flower bud differentiation processes in two oil olive cultivars from tuscan germplasm (leccino and puntino). the effect of fruit-set was studied using 'on' (with fruits) and 'off' (without fruits) shoots. axillary buds were periodically collected at different phenological stages, from endocarp sclerification (july) until budbreak in the following spring. thin sections were analysed using histology (apex size), histochemistry (rna, starch and soluble carbohyd ... | 2008 | 18761497 |
| 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the different components of epicuticular waxes of olive fruit (olea europaea) dritta cultivar. | (13)c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nmr) was applied to determine the different components of apolar and polar fractions which were isolated by column chromatography from the crude chloroform-soluble waxes of olive fruits (olea europaea) dritta cultivar. (13)c nmr enabled the determination in the wax apolar fraction, of aliphatic aldehydes, and of benzyl, alkyl and glyceryl esters. in particular, the fatty acid composition of alkyl esters, comprising saturated and unsaturated oleic an ... | 2008 | 18706324 |
| [sensitization to olea europaea in a patients group of mexico city]. | olea europaea (olive) which is original from europe, was introduced to mexico by the spaniards in the 16th century. in 1777 olive farming was prohibited, and plantations were destroyed. at present there are only few trees in southern mexico city. the aim of this study is to investigate sensitization to olea europaea, clinical features, ige levels, and concurrent pollen sensitizations in a group of mexican patients. | 2015 | 18693537 |
| photosynthetic activity during olive (olea europaea) leaf development correlates with plastid biogenesis and rubisco levels. | olive leaves are known to mature slowly, reaching their maximum photosynthetic activity only after full leaf expansion. poor assimilation rates, typical to young olive leaves, were previously associated with low stomata conductance. yet, very little is known about chloroplast biogenesis throughout olive leaf development. here, the photosynthetic activity and plastids development throughout leaf maturation is characterized by biochemical and ultrastructural analyses. although demonstrated only lo ... | 2008 | 18636989 |
| isolation and characterization of a new hydroxytyrosol derivative from olive (olea europaea) leaves. | a new secoiridoid compound was isolated from the leaves of olea europaea. this compound, not previously identified, is the bis methylacetal of oleuropein aglycone, the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl [(2,6-dimethoxy-3-ethylidene)-tetrahydropyran-4-yl]acetate (3,4-dhpea-deta), and was found in different olive cultivar phenolic extracts as one of the major secoiridoid components. this compound was shown to be easily transformed in acidic aqueous media into 3,4-dhpea-eda, the major polyphenolic compound f ... | 2008 | 18582082 |
| the utilization and desaturation of oleate and linoleate during glycerolipid biosynthesis in olive (olea europaea l.) callus cultures. | callus cultures from olive (olea europaea l.) were used to study characteristics of desaturation in this oil-rich tissue. the incorporation of [1-(14)c]oleate and [1-(14)c]linoleate into complex lipids and their further desaturation was followed in incubations of up to 48 h. both radiolabelled fatty acids were rapidly incorporated into lipids, especially phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. radiolabelling of these two lipids peaked after 1-4 h, after which it fell. in contrast, other phospho ... | 2008 | 18515829 |
| α-tocopherol and fatty acids contents of some tunisian table olives (olea europea l.): changes in their composition during ripening and processing. | an experimental investigation was carried out on tunisian olive-fruits of meski, sayali and picholine cultivars. α-tocopherol and fatty acids (fa) contents were analyzed, during both ripening and processing, according to the spanish style. the relationship between oil, unsaponifiable and α-tocopherol contents was determined only during ripening. a genetic effect on fa composition was observed throughout the sampling periods. the highest oleic acid content was found in sayali cultivar at green st ... | 2008 | 26065742 |
| vegetable proteomics: the detection of ole e 1 isoallergens by peptide matching of maldi ms/ms spectra of underivatized and dansylated glycopeptides. | ole e 1 (ncbi entry gi|14424429) is the major allergen of oleaceae family. multiple isoforms and variants are present in varying degrees of distribution. in this report, we present a new approach to the resolution of multiple forms of ole e 1 from whole antigen extracts, based on a preliminary chemical fractionation procedure followed by maldi ms and ms/ms measurements. the characterization of ole e 1 isoallergens was accomplished through the identification of the amino acid sequence including t ... | 2008 | 18510354 |
| localization of the noncovalent binding site between amyloid-beta-peptide and oleuropein using electrospray ionization ft-icr mass spectrometry. | abnormal accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-beta-peptide (abeta) eventually lead to the formation and cerebral deposition of amyloid plaques, the major pathological hallmark in alzheimer's disease (ad). oleuropein (oe), an olea europaea l. derived polyphenol, exhibits a broad range of pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic, which could serve as combative mechanisms against several reported pathways involved in the pathophysiology of ad. the r ... | 2008 | 18448354 |
| liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring for optimal selection of transitions to evaluate nutraceuticals from olive-tree materials. | optimal transitions have been selected for the identification and quantitation of the most interesting hydrophilic biophenols in extracts from olive-tree materials, which are of interest because of their nutraceutical properties. the tested materials were extra virgin olive oil, waste from oil production (known as alperujo), and olive-tree materials such as leaves, small branches and fruit stones. the identification and determination steps of the target biophenols are based on liquid chromatogra ... | 2008 | 18293431 |
| olive cultivar origin is a major cause of polymorphism for ole e 1 pollen allergen. | pollens from different olive (olea europaea l.) cultivars have been shown to differ significantly in their content in ole e 1 and in their overall allergenicity. this allergen is, in addition, characterized by a high degree of polymorphism in its sequence. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the putative presence of divergences in ole e 1 sequences from different olive cultivars. | 2008 | 18218146 |
| combined histochemistry and autofluorescence for identifying lignin distribution in cell walls. | histological staining methods commonly used for detecting cellulose and lignin in cell walls were combined with epifluorescence microscopy to visualize differences in lignification between and within cellular elements. we tested our approach on sections of one-year-old branches of fraxinus ornus l., myrtus communis l., olea europaea l., pistacia lentiscus l. and rhamnus alaternus l., containing both normal and tension wood. sections were subjected to various staining techniques, viz. safranin o, ... | 2007 | 18074267 |
| active components and clinical applications of olive oil. | the olive tree, olea europaea, is native to the mediterranean basin and parts of asia minor. the fruit and compression-extracted oil have a wide range of therapeutic and culinary applications. olive oil also constitutes a major component of the "mediterranean diet." the chief active components of olive oil include oleic acid, phenolic constituents, and squalene. the main phenolics include hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein, which occur in highest levels in virgin olive oil and have demonstr ... | 2007 | 18069902 |
| pla 1 1 and ole e 1 pollen allergens share common epitopes and similar ultrastructural localization. | english plantain (plantago lanceolata l.) and olive (olea europaea l.) pollens are important causes of pollinosis in large areas of north america, australia, and the mediterranean basin. the major pollen allergens of both plants, pla i 1 and ole e 1, share 38.7% of their amino acid sequences. | 2007 | 18050571 |
| modelling diseases: the allergens of olea europaea pollen. | this study analyzes the influence of the ige response to certain olive pollen allergens in the modulation of the different clinical phenotypes of allergic disease and their relationship with the level of exposure to pollen and genetic factors. patients from high-exposure areas had a complex ige antibody response to allergens of olea euroapea, which included 3 or more allergens in 75% of cases. the majority allergens were ole e 1, ole e 2 (profilin), ole e 7 (lipid transporting protein), ole e 9 ... | 2007 | 18050568 |
| polyploidy in the olive complex (olea europaea): evidence from flow cytometry and nuclear microsatellite analyses. | phylogenetic and phylogeographic investigations have been previously performed to study the evolution of the olive tree complex (olea europaea). a particularly high genomic diversity has been found in north-west africa. however, to date no exhaustive study has been addressed to infer putative polyploidization events and their evolutionary significance in the diversification of the olive tree and its relatives. | 2008 | 18024415 |
| retention and distribution of polyphenols after pan-frying of french fries in oils enriched with olive leaf extract. | palm oil, olive oil, and sunflower oil were supplemented with an extract rich in polyphenols obtained from olive tree (olea europaea) leaves at levels of 120 and 240 mg total polyphenols per kilogram of oil. pan-frying of potatoes was performed in both the enriched and the nonsupplemented oils under domestic frying conditions. total polyphenol content was estimated by the folin-ciocalteau assay, oleuropein was determined by hplc analysis, while other individual polyphenols by gc/ms analysis. fou ... | 2007 | 17995623 |
| infusions of portuguese medicinal plants: dependence of final antioxidant capacity and phenol content on extraction features. | aqueous extracts of most medicinal plants traditionally employed in portugal (at the ratio of 1 g plant: 110 ml water) have been assayed for total antioxidant capacity and phenol content, in order to elucidate their claimed medicinal features. | 2007 | 20836172 |
| maslinic acid added to the diet increases growth and protein-turnover rates in the white muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | maslinic acid (2-alpha, 3-beta-dihydroxiolean-12-en-28-oic acid) is a triterpenoid compound present in fruit and leaves of olea europaea that can be used as an additive in the diet of trout. the present work investigates the effects of maslinic acid on growth, protein-turnover rates and nucleic acid concentration in trout white muscle. five groups of 180 trout of a mean body mass of 20 g were fed for 225 days with diets containing 0, 1, 5, 25 and 250 mg of maslinic acid per kg of diet. at the en ... | 2008 | 17945540 |
| characterization of new phenolic compounds from leaves of olea europaea l. by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. | a set of minor constituents of olea europaea l. leaves have been identified and characterized by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (esi-ms/ms) and high-resolution measurements (hrms). most of them are modified hydroxytyrosol species conjugated to a hexose unit. when possible, the structures of the new phenolic compounds present in olea europaea l. have been confirmed by matching their ms/ms spectra with those of authentic standards isolated from other plants of the oleaceae family ... | 2007 | 17939156 |
| polyphenol oxidase and its relationship with oleuropein concentration in fruits and leaves of olive (olea europaea) cv. 'picual' trees during fruit ripening. | oleuropein, the main phenolic compound of olive fruit, has important antioxidant properties that are responsible for some of the nutritional properties of fruits and the defence mechanism of leaves. polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity changes during fruit ripening in many plants. we studied the kinetics and molecular properties of ppo in fruits and leaves of olive (olea europaea l.) cv. 'picual' trees and the relationship between ppo and oleuropein concentration during fruit ripening. polyphenol o ... | 2008 | 17938113 |
| bioavailability of the phenolic compounds of the fruits (drupes) of olea europaea (olives): impact on plasma antioxidant status in humans. | to examine the bioavailability of olive polyphenols and to correlate it with their antioxidant efficacy, plasma and urine from healthy volunteers who had consumed 20 olives were subjected to (a) gc-ms analysis for individual phenolics, (b) estimation of plasma total polyphenol content and (c) estimation of plasma total antioxidant potential. olive polyphenols were absorbed and metabolized within the body, occurring in plasma mainly in the conjugated form with glucuronic acid and reaching c(max) ... | 2007 | 17870451 |
| study of genetic diversity in some olive (olea europaea l.) cultivars by using rapd markers. | rapd markers variations were studied in eleven olive cultivars. seventeen rapd primers out of 27 produced 610 bands in total. four hundred forty four bands were polymorphic bands (72.70 %) and 166 bands were monomorphic (27.20 %). primer c05 produced the highest number of bands (56), while primer c03 produced the lowest number of bands (7). specific bands were observed in some of the cultivars, which may be used in the cultivars discrimination. different similarity coefficients determined among ... | 2007 | 19090211 |
| can elevated co(2) improve salt tolerance in olive trees? | we compared growth, leaf gas exchange characteristics, water relations, chlorophyll fluorescence, and na(+) and cl(-) concentration of two cultivars ('koroneiki' and 'picual') of olive (olea europaea l.) trees in response to high salinity (nacl 100mm) and elevated co(2) (eco(2)) concentration (700microll(-1)). the cultivar 'koroneiki' is considered to be more salt sensitive than the relatively salt-tolerant 'picual'. after 3 months of treatment, the 9-month-old cuttings of 'koroneiki' had signif ... | 2008 | 17728014 |
| density and structure of saissetia oleae (hemiptera: coccidae) populations on citrus and olives: relative importance of the two annual generations. | saissetia oleae (olivier) (hemiptera: coccidae) populations were studied and compared in citrus (citrus spp.) and olive (olea europaea l.) groves to determine the number of generations, crawler emergence periods and changes in population density during the year. ten citrus and four olive groves were sampled regularly between march 2003 and december 2005 in eastern spain, covering an area of 10,000 km2. each sample consisted of 16 branches and 64 leaves. saissetia oleae populations presented a si ... | 2007 | 17716461 |
| an hg-sensitive channel mediates the diffusional component of glucose transport in olive cells. | in several organisms solute transport is mediated by the simultaneous operation of saturable and non-saturable (diffusion-like) uptake, but often the nature of the diffusive component remains elusive. the present work investigates the nature of the diffusive glucose transport in olea europaea cell cultures. in this system, glucose uptake is mediated by a glucose-repressible, h(+) -dependent active saturable transport system that is superimposed on a diffusional component. the latter represents t ... | 2007 | 17706590 |
| forensic botany: potential usefulness of microsatellite-based genotyping of croatian olive (olea europaea l.) in forensic casework. | to assess genotyping with microsatellite-based markers of the olive (olea europaea l.) for potential application of olive as legal case evidence, with regard to the degree of variability within the croatian olive genomic pool and to the effectiveness of the chosen set of microsatellite-based markers in revealing olive divergence. | 2007 | 17696311 |
| on the origin of the invasive olives (olea europaea l., oleaceae). | the olive tree (olea europaea) has successfully invaded several regions in australia and pacific islands. two olive subspecies (subspp. europaea and cuspidata) were first introduced in these areas during the nineteenth century. in the present study, we determine the origin of invasive olives and investigate the importance of historical effects on the genetic diversity of populations. four invasive populations from australia and hawaii were characterized using eight nuclear dna microsatellites, p ... | 2007 | 17687251 |
| [study on the enrichment of oleuropein from olea europaea leaves with macroporous resin d-101]. | to study the conditions and parameters of the enrichment of oleuropein with macroporous resin. | 2007 | 17674801 |
| irrigation effects on quality, phenolic composition, and selected volatiles of virgin olive oils cv. leccino. | field-grown olive trees (olea europaea l. cv. leccino) were used over two growing seasons to determine the effect of deficit irrigation regimes on virgin olive oil (voo) quality. drip irrigation was managed to maintain a predawn leaf water potential (plwp): (a) higher than -1.1 mpa (full irrigation: fi); (b) between -1.0 and -3.3 mpa (deficit irrigation: di); (c) higher than -4.2 mpa (severe deficit irrigation: si). the fruit yield and oil yield of di trees were over 90% of those of fi treatment ... | 2007 | 17636938 |
| inhibition of acid corrosion of carbon steel using aqueous extract of olive leaves. | the inhibitive action of the aqueous extract of olive (olea europaea l.) leaves toward the corrosion of c-steel in 2 m hcl solution was investigated using weight loss measurements, tafel polarization, and cyclic voltammetry. it was found that the extract acts as a good corrosion inhibitor for the tested system. the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing extract concentration. the inhibitive action of the extract is discussed with a view to adsorption of its components onto the steel sur ... | 2007 | 17628584 |
| characterization of polyphenol oxidase from the manzanilla cultivar (olea europaea pomiformis) and prevention of browning reactions in bruised olive fruits. | the crude extract of the polyphenol oxidase (ppo) enzyme from the manzanilla cultivar (olea europaea pomiformis) was obtained, and its properties were characterized. the browning reaction followed a zero-order kinetic model. its maximum activity was at ph 6.0. this activity was completely inhibited at a ph below 3.0 regardless of temperature; however, in alkaline conditions, ph inhibition depended on temperature and was observed at values above 9.0 and 11.0 at 8 and 25 degrees c, respectively. t ... | 2007 | 17628073 |
| triterpenes in the hexane extract of leaves of olea europaea l.: analysis using 13c-nmr spectroscopy. | two neutral triterpenes and a triterpene acid were identified and quantified directly, in the absence of any purification steps, in a precipitate obtained during the industrial extraction of the leaves of olea europaea l. using 13c-nmr spectroscopy (spectrometer operating at 4.7 t equipped with a 10 mm probe). the method was optimised in order to reduce the duration of analysis with a routine nmr spectrometer. together with long-chain linear compounds, erythrodiol, uvaol and oleanolic acid accou ... | 2012 | 17623370 |
| heavy metal bioaccumulation by the important food plant, olea europaea l., in an ancient metalliferous polluted area of cyprus. | aspects of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals are reviewed and possible evidence of homeostasis is highlighted. examination and analysis of olive (olea europaea l.) trees growing in close proximity to a copper dominated spoil tip dating from at least 2000 years bp, on the island of cyprus, revealed both bioaccumulation and partitioning of copper, lead and zinc in various parts of the tree. a factor to quantify the degree of accumulation is illustrated and a possible seed protective mechanism su ... | 2007 | 17618396 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of wild olives from the north-western mediterranean assessed by ssr markers. | this study examines the pattern of genetic variability and genetic relationships of wild olive (olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) populations in the north-western mediterranean. recent bottleneck events are also assessed and an investigation is made of the underlying population structure of the wild olive populations. | 2007 | 17613587 |
| lower respiratory tract complications during nasal provocation: nonspecific stimulant or specific allergen? | allergic rhinitis (ar) is an allergic inflammatory disease in which allergen exposure leads to the appearance of symptoms in sensitized individuals because of histamine liberation from nasal mucosal mast cells. comorbidity of this disease with allergic asthma is common. therefore, the one airway one disease theory has been put forward. lower respiratory tract provocation tests with both nonspecific (methacholine) and specific stimulants (allergen) have yielded positive results in nonasthmatic pa ... | 2007 | 17601264 |
| effects of inert dust on olive (olea europaea l.) leaf physiological para. | cement factories are major pollutants for the surrounding areas. inert dust deposition has been found to affect photosynthesis, stomatal functioning and productivity. very few studies have been conducted on the effects of cement kiln dust on the physiology of perennial fruit crops. our goal was to study some cement dust effects on olive leaf physiology.effects on olive leaf physiology. on | 2007 | 17561781 |
| combined effect of diuron and simazine on photosystem ii photochemistry in a sandy soil and soil amended with solid olive-mill waste. | diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- = 1,1-dimethylurea) and simazine (6-chloro-n(2), n(4)-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) are soil-applied herbicides used in olive crops. the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of these herbicides on photosystem ii photochemistry of olea europaea l., and whether the amendment of soil with an organic waste (ow) from olive oil production industry modifies this effect. for this purpose, herbicide soil adsorption studies, with unamended and ow-amend ... | 2013 | 17454377 |
| photosynthetic characteristics of olive tree (olea europaea) bark. | functional and structural characteristics of corticular photosynthesis of sun-exposed bark of olive tree (olea europaea l.) were examined. stomata are only sporadically present during stem primary growth. light transmission through the phellem was age dependent, decreasing rapidly in stems older than five years of age. light transmission was also low in pubescent 1-year-old stems. light transmission was about 50% higher in wet phellem than in dry phellem. photosynthetic capacity on a unit area b ... | 2007 | 17403650 |
| formation of triterpenoids throughout olea europaea fruit ontogeny. | drupes were handpicked from olive (olea europaea l.) trees, cv chemlali, at 13 distinct stages of fruit development, referred to as weeks after flowering (waf), and analyzed for their free and esterified sterols and triterpenoids content. these two classes of compounds are synthesized via the acetate/mevalonate pathway and share common precursors up to oxidosqualene (os). cyclization of os in either cycloartenol or beta-amyrin constitutes a branch point between primary (sterol pathway) and secon ... | 2007 | 17393211 |
| the effects of polyphenols in olive leaves on platelet function. | the phenolic compounds of olive leaves and olive oils in the mediterranean diet have been associated with a reduced incidence of heart disease. accordingly, antioxidant-rich diets may prevent the deleterious effects of oxidative metabolism by scavenging free radicals, thus inhibiting oxidation and delaying atherosclerosis. the process involves phospholipase c activation and arachidonic acid metabolism, and is thought to reduce hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)). in our study, an extract of olea europa ... | 2008 | 17346951 |
| physicochemical conditions modulating the pigment profile in fresh fruit (olea europaea var. gordal) and favoring interaction between oxidized chlorophylls and endogenous cu. | the changes in allomerized chlorophyll during the growth and development of the olive fruit as well as during the main operations of its processing as green table olive (alkaline treatment and lactic fermentation) were investigated to study their influence in the color alteration known as green staining (gs). chlorophyll synthesis coincided in time with the maximum content in allomerized intermediates, weeks before the fruits were harvested for processing. the alkaline treatment caused a subsequ ... | 2007 | 17266330 |
| discrete roles of a microsomal linoleate desaturase gene in olive identified by spatiotemporal transcriptional analysis. | the relative abundance of alpha-linolenic (alpha-lea) compared with linoleic acid is associated with the developmental stage and the plant species and is proposed to have important physiological effects on both vegetative and reproductive plant development. the enzymes responsible for catalyzing the conversion of linoleic acid to alpha-lea, the omega-3 fatty acid desaturases (fads), are localized in the plastid or the endoplasmic reticulum (er). here we present the isolation of an er-type omega- ... | 2007 | 17241990 |
| variability with xylem depth in sap flow in trunks and branches of mature olive trees. | knowledge of sap flow variability in tree trunks is important for up-scaling transpiration from the measuring point to the whole-tree and stand levels. natural variability in sap flow, both radial and circumferential, was studied in the trunks and branches of mature olive trees (olea europea l., cv coratina) by the heat field deformation method using multi-point sensors. sapwood depth ranged from 22 to 55 mm with greater variability in trunks than in branches. two asymmetric types of sap flow ra ... | 2007 | 17169912 |
| utilization and transport of mannitol in olea europaea and implications for salt stress tolerance. | mannitol is one of the primary photosynthetic products and the major phloem-translocated carbohydrate in olea europaea l., an important crop in the mediterranean basin. uptake of mannitol in heterotrophic cell suspensions of o. europaea was shown to be mediated by a 1 : 1 polyol : h+ symport system with a km of 1.3 mm mannitol and a vmax of 1.3 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) dw. dulcitol, sorbitol and xylitol competed for mannitol uptake, whereas glucose and sucrose did not. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-p ... | 2007 | 17118948 |
| snp-based markers for discriminating olive (olea europaea l.) cultivars. | a set of 11 polymorphic markers (1 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (caps), 2 sequence-characterized amplified regions (scars), and 8 single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-derived markers) was obtained for olive cultivar identification by comparing dna sequences from different accessions. marker development was more efficient, using sequences from the database rather than cloning arbitrary dna fragments. analyses of the sequences of 3 genes from 11 diverse cultivars revealed an snp frequenc ... | 2006 | 17110999 |
| indirect effects of large herbivores on snakes in an african savanna. | many large mammal species are declining in african savannas, yet we understand relatively little about how these declines influence other species. previous studies have shown that the removal of large herbivorous mammals from large-scale, replicated experimental plots results in a dramatic increase in the density of small mammals, an increase that has been attributed to the relaxation of competition between rodents and large herbivores for food resources. to assess whether the removal of large h ... | 2006 | 17089673 |
| (2alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, a new natural triterpene from olea europea, induces caspase dependent apoptosis selectively in colon adenocarcinoma cells. | triterpenoids are known to induce apoptosis and to be anti-tumoural. maslinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene, is present in high concentrations in olive pomace. this study examines the response of ht29 and caco-2 colon-cancer cell lines to maslinic-acid treatment. at concentrations inhibiting cell growth by 50-80% (ic50ht29=61+/-1 microm, ic80ht29=76+/-1 microm and ic50caco-2=85+/-5 microm, ic80caco-2=116+/-5 microm), maslinic acid induced strong g0/g1 cell-cycle arrest and dna fragmentation, an ... | 2006 | 17083937 |
| the dehydrogenase-mediated recycling of nadph is a key antioxidant system against salt-induced oxidative stress in olive plants. | nadph is an important molecule in the redox balance of the cell. in this paper, using olive tissue cultures as a model of the function of the nadph-generating dehydrogenases in the mechanism of oxidative stress induced by severe salinity conditions was studied. when olive (olea europaea) plants were grown with 200 mm nacl, a 40% reduction in leaf fresh weight was produced. the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione was diminished between 20% to 39%, whereas the h ... | 2006 | 17080966 |
| purification, product characterization and kinetic properties of lipoxygenase from olive fruit (olea europaea l.). | lipoxygenase from olive fruit was purified to homogeneity for the first time after differential centrifugations and by hydrophobic chromatography. the enzyme had a molecular mass of 98 kda and exhibited a maximal activity at ph 6. lipoxygenase had a better affinity for linoleic acid (km=82.44 microm) than for linolenic acid (km = 306.26 microm). it is inhibited by linoleate:oxygen oxidoreductase (lox) inhibitors like nordihydroguaiaretic acid (ndga) or propyl gallate. the reaction product was 13 ... | 2016 | 17011785 |
| novel secoiridoid glucosides in olea europaea leaves suffering from boron deficiency. | from the methanol extract of boron deficient olea europaea leaves, two secoiridoid glycosides, not detected in leaf extracts of untreated plants, 6'-e-p-coumaroyl-secologanoside and 6'-o-[(2e)-2,6-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-2-octenoyloxy]-secologanoside, were isolated together with three known secoiridoid glycosides, oleuropein, oleoside dimethyl ester, and secologanoside. the structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of nmr and ms spectral analyses. the above novel secoiridoids wer ... | 2006 | 16926502 |
| extensive gene flow blurs phylogeographic but not phylogenetic signal in olea europaea l. | genetic structure and evolutionary patterns of the wild olive tree (olea europaea l.) were investigated with aflp fingerprinting data at three geographic levels: (a) phylogenetic relationships of the six currently recognized subspecies in eurasia and africa; (b) lineage identification in subsp. europaea of the mediterranean basin; and (c) phylogeography in the western mediterranean. two statistical approaches (bayesian inference and analysis of molecular variance) were used to analyse the aflp f ... | 2006 | 16835765 |
| the expression of different superoxide dismutase forms is cell-type dependent in olive (olea europaea l.) leaves. | superoxide dismutase (sod) is a key antioxidant enzyme present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as a first line of defense against the accumulation of superoxide radicals. in olive leaves, the sod enzymatic system was characterized and was found to be comprised of three isozymes, an mn-sod, an fe-sod and a cuzn-sod. transcript expression analysis of whole leaves showed that the three isozymes represented 82, 17 and 0.8% of the total sod expressed, respectively. using the combination of laser ... | 2006 | 16766574 |
| is rootstock-induced dwarfing in olive an effect of reduced plant hydraulic efficiency? | we investigated the hydraulic architecture of young olive trees either self-rooted or grafted on rootstocks with contrasting size-controlling potential. clones of olea europea l. (olive) cv 'leccino' inducing vigorous scion growth (leccino 'minerva', lm) or scion dwarfing (leccino 'dwarf', ld) were studied in different scion/rootstock combinations (ld, lm, ld/ld, lm/lm, ld/lm and lm/ld). shoots growing on ld root systems developed about 50% less leaf surface area than shoots growing on lm root s ... | 2006 | 16740489 |
| profiling of hydrophilic proteins from olea europaea olive pollen by maldi tof mass spectrometry. | the antigenic profile of olea europaea pollen from different mediterranean cultivars was obtained by maldi mass spectrometry. a simple procedure of chemical fractionation of the whole antigen extract was developed, whereby less complex, or pure, fractions of antigen candidate were obtained prior to mass spectrometric analysis. some of the features of protein structure and distribution probably depend on cultivar adaptation to the environment. the profilings of pollen proteins thus obtained allow ... | 2006 | 16689547 |
| storage of olives (olea europaea l.) under co2 atmosphere: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization of indices related to changes in polyphenolic metabolism. | olives (olea europaea cv. chondrolia) were stored under a co2 atmosphere immediately after harvesting for a period of 12 days. samples obtained at 24-h intervals were analyzed by hplc to identify components that may reflect changes in the biochemical behavior of the tissue. four substances were shown to undergo significant fluctuations during storage, while their evolution was found to be different in olives stored under co2 from those stored under regular atmospheric conditions (control). on th ... | 2006 | 16536598 |
| airborne pollen of olea in five regions of portugal. | the aim of this work was to study spatial and temporal distribution of olea europeae airborne pollen in different portuguese regions: reguengos de monsaraz (south); bairrada (west); braga (northwest); valença do douro and foz côa (north-east). airborne pollen sampling was conducted from 1998-2003 using "cour" type samplers located in each region. the main pollen season (mps) of olea lasted on average 36 days and occurred from late april until middle-to-end of june. during the studied period, int ... | 2005 | 16457492 |
| isolation and identification of radical scavengers in olive tree (olea europaea) wood. | several extracts of olea europaea wood (picual olive cultivar) were obtained with solvents of different polarity and their antioxidant activities determined. the active compounds were detected in fractions of an ethyl acetate extract using hplc with on-line radical scavenging detection. after applying different separation techniques, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, cycloolivil, 7-deoxyloganic acid, oleuropein and ligustroside were isolated and characterized. hydroxytyrosol showed a higher activity than ... | 2006 | 16426626 |
| factors affecting the contents of iridoid oleuropein in olive leaves (olea europaea l.). | in this study, for the first time, the impact of the genetic factor on the contents of oleuropein in olive leaves was not only evaluated but the influence exerted by the color/age of leaves (green, green-yellowish, and yellow) and the collecting period (spring or autumn) was also evaluated. a repetitive high-resolution gas chromatographic quantitation method and an accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method were developed. these analytical methods gave results showing a highly linea ... | 2006 | 16417301 |
| the recovery of biophenols from wastewaters of olive oil production. | in this article, the phenolic composition of wastewaters prepared from different cultivars of olea europaea have been described. the main aim is the recovery of these compounds for technological utilization. | 2006 | 16401557 |
| osmotic regulation in leaves and roots of olive trees during a water deficit and rewatering. | we evaluated the osmotic adjustment capacity of leaves and roots of young olive (olea europaea l.) trees during a period of water deficit and subsequent rewatering. the trials were carried out in basilicata (40 degrees 24' n, 16 degrees 48' e) on 2-year-old self-rooted olive plants (cv. 'coratina'). plants were subjected to one of four drought treatments. after 13 days of drought, plants reached mean predawn leaf water potentials of -0.45 +/- 0.015 mpa (control), -1.65 +/- 0.021 (low stress), -3 ... | 2006 | 16356914 |
| hot water dipping of olives (olea europaea) for virgin oil debittering. | olives (olea europaea l.) of the manzanilla, picual, and verdial varieties harvested at the green mature stage of ripening were dipped in hot water at a range of temperatures between 60 and 72 degrees c for 3 min. immediately after treatment, oils were physically extracted from the olives. olive heating promotes a reduction of oil bitterness in direct relationship to the temperature used. fruit heating at > or =60 degrees c for 3 min did not cause significant changes in acidity, uv absorption, p ... | 2005 | 16218671 |
| olive bagasse (olea europea l.) pyrolysis. | olive bagasse (olea europea l.) was pyrolysed in a fixed-bed reactor. the effects of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, particle size and sweep gas flow rates on the yields of the products were investigated. pyrolysis runs were performed using pyrolysis temperatures between 350 and 550 degrees c with heating rates of 10 and 50 degrees c min(-1). the particle size and sweep gas flow rate varied in the ranges 0.224-1.8mm and 50-200 cm3 min(-1), respectively. the bio-oil obtained at 500 degrees c ... | 2006 | 16216727 |
| paternity analysis using microsatellite markers to identify pollen donors in an olive grove. | olive (olea europaea l.) is a wind-pollinated, allogamous species that is generally not considered to be self-compatible. in addition, cross-incompatibilities exist between cultivars that can result in low fruit set if compatible pollinisers are not planted nearby. in this study, microsatellite markers were used to identify 17 genotypes that were potential pollen donors in a commercial olive orchard. dna typing with the same primers was also applied to 800 olive embryos collected from five culti ... | 2005 | 16133312 |
| symptoms of the olive pollen allergy: do they really occur only in the pollination season? | olive (olea europaea; o.e.) pollen is a major cause of seasonal respiratory allergy. the o.e. pollination season lasts two months from the beginning of may till the end of june. it was expected that patients with allergic disease from o.e. sensitization were symptomatic only during this period. however, during the last few years, we have observed that the clinical symptoms appear not only during the o.e. pollination season but also during the rest of the year. | 2005 | 16047715 |
| differential effects of oleuropein, a biophenol from olea europaea, on anionic and zwiterionic phospholipid model membranes. | oleuropein (ole) is the major phenolic constituent of the olive leaf (olea europaea) and it is also present in olive oil and fruit. in the last years several compounds from olive tree, oleuropein among them, have shown a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial or antioxidant. a phospholipid model membrane system was used to study whether the ole biological effects could be membrane related. ole showed a significant partition level in phospholipid membranes, i.e. 80%, at lipid-satu ... | 2005 | 16002058 |
| molecular analysis of the interaction between olea europaea and the biotrophic fungus spilocaea oleagina. | summary the mitosporic fungus spilocaea oleagina is an obligate biotroph of olive (olea europaea) causing a scab disease associated with leaf fall and substantial losses in production. using differential display we have identified 162 cdna fragments corresponding to transcripts that show altered abundance during the defence response of a resistant olive cultivar to s. oleagina. detailed analyses of 21 selected genes by real-time quantitative rt-pcr revealed different kinetics of induction. genes ... | 2005 | 20565668 |
| effects of glucan treatment on the th1/th2 balance in patients with allergic rhinitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. | allergic rhinitis (ar) is a disease characterized by ige-mediated, allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. t helper (th) 2 cells play an important role in the development of ige-mediated diseases such as ar, with local overproduction of th2 cytokines (il-4, il-5 and il-13) at the site of allergic inflammation. th1 cytokines (il-12 and ifn-gamma) are known to suppress this th2 immune response, aiding the treatment of these diseases. beta-1,3-1,6-glucan (glucan) is an immunomodulator stimulatin ... | 2005 | 15941684 |
| preliminary assay on the radical scavenging activity of olive wood extracts. | the dichloromethane and ethanol extracts of olea europaea wood (picual olive cultivar) were screened for antioxidant activity, determined by the dpph free radical scavenging assay. the ethanol extract displayed potent antioxidant activity. | 2005 | 15890466 |
| skin tests with native, depigmented and glutaraldehyde polymerized allergen extracts. | dose-response skin prick tests are an important tool to standardise allergen extracts and to evaluate changes in skin test response as a consequence of allergen modifications. | 2005 | 15864880 |
| temporal and transient expression of olive enoyl-acp reductase gene during flower and fruit development. | enoyl-acp reductase is a catalytic component of the fatty acid synthetase (fas) type ii system in plants that is involved in the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids. a cdna encoding an enoyl-acp reductase responsible for the removal of the trans-unsaturated double bonds to form saturated acyl-acp has been isolated from a library made from ripening fruits of olea europaea l. the predicted protein contains 393 amino acid residues including a consensus chloroplast specific transit peptide. ... | 2005 | 15763664 |
| nondestructive evaluation of anthocyanins in olive (olea europaea) fruits by in situ chlorophyll fluorescence spectroscopy. | anthocyanins (anths) in olive (olea europaea l.) fruits at different degrees of pigmentation were assessed nondestructively by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence (chlf). the method is based on the comparison of the chlf excitation spectra from olives with different pigmentation from green to green-red, reddish-purple, and purple. the logarithm of the ratio between the fluorescence excitation spectra (logfer) from two different colored zones gave the difference in the absorption spectrum between ... | 2005 | 15740006 |