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effect of fungal homogenate, enzyme inhibitors and osmotic stress on alkaloid content of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.the addition of aspergillus niger homogenate to catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures produced an increment of more than 60% in the alkaloid content of two different cell lines. the use of an inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, i. e. cinnamic acid, along with the homogenate, resulted in an appearance of 90% of the alkaloids in the medium. furthermore, even in the absence of fungal homogenate, there was a marked increase in the alkaloid content. the exposure of the cells to an osmoti ...199124221325
transient induction of tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc) and strictosidine synthase (ss) genes in cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus.when cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus are treated with autoclaved elicitor from the fungus pythium aphanidermatum, they respond with the rapid transient induction of tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc) and strictosidine synthase (ss) enzyme activities, followed by the accumulation of indole alkaloids (eilert et al., 1987). in this report, we demonstrate that expression of tdc and ss enzyme activities is preceeded by the transient appearance of mrnas for both enzymes, suggesting transcr ...199224213491
isolation and characterization of intergeneric somatic hybrids in the apocynaceae family.protoplasts were isolated from callus cultures of rauwolfia serpentina benth., rhazya stricta decaisne, and catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don, or from leaves of vinca minor l. protoplast isolation, culture, and fusion techniques as well as hybrid screening systems were developed for these species, and hybrids were obtained. hybrid combinations were rauwolfia + vinca, rauwolfia + catharanthus, rauwolfia + rhazya, and catharanthus + vinca. for hybrid isolation, the physiological complementation meth ...199124213445
the degrees of polymerization and n-acetylation of chitosan determine its ability to elicit callose formation in suspension cells and protoplasts of catharanthus roseus.partially and fully deacetylated chitosan fragments and oligomers were compared for their potency to elicit formation of the 1.3-β-glucan callose in suspension-cultured cells and protoplasts of catharanthus roseus (line 385). chitosan oligomers induced little callose formation, while callose synthesis increased with the degree of polymerization of chitosan up to several thousand corresponding to a molecular mass near 10(6) da. at a comparable degree of polymerization, partially n-acetylated chit ...198924212905
visualization of vacuoplasts in isolated vacuole preparations from mesophyll protoplasts of periwinkle [catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don].a procedure was developed for the rapid detection of vacuoplasts in vacuole preparations isolated from mesophyll protoplasts of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (periwinkle). the procedure relies on the staining of surface carbohydrates on the plasma membrane surrounding vacuoplasts with fluorescein-labeled lectins. when isolated under conditions of constant osmotic strength, approximately 15-20% of the vacuoles isolated showed surface labeling with fitc-agglutinin from abrus precatorius. isolati ...199224203146
putative sites of cytokinin action during their enhancing effect on indole alkaloid accumulation in periwinkle cell suspensions.the effects of cytokinins on the different branches of the indole alkaloid pathway were investigated in catharanthus roseus cell cultures. addition of zeatin to a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-containing medium decreased tryptamine levels and increased the bioconversion of secologanin to ajmalicine. zeatin also enhanced the geraniol-10 hydroxylase activities and modified the indole alkaloid pattern. the results are discussed in the light of previous works showing that cytokinins have a positive ...199324201970
effect of terpenoid precursor feeding and elicitation on formation of indole alkaloids in cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus.the effects of terpenoid precursor feeding and elicitation by a biotic elicitor on alkaloid production of catharanthus roseus suspension cultures were studied. after addition of secologanin, loganin or loganic acid an increase in the accumulation of ajmalicine and strictosidine and a decrease of tryptamine level was observed in non-elicited cells. elicitation increased tryptamine accumulation in non-fed cells but it did not further increase alkaloid accumulation in precursor-fed cells. a decreas ...199324201968
subcellular localization of tryptophan decarboxylase, strictosidine synthase and strictosidine glucosidase in suspension cultured cells of catharanthus roseus and tabernaemontana divaricata.the subcellular localization of tryptophan decarboxylase, strictosidine synthase and strictosidine glucosidase in suspension cultured cells of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don and tabernaemontana divaricata (l.) r. br. ex roem. et schult, was investigated. it was found that tryptophan decarboxylase is an extra-vacuolar enzyme, whereas strictosidine synthase is active inside the vacuole. strong indications were obtained for the localization of strictosidine glucosidase on the outside of the tonopl ...199324201788
cytokinin-enhanced accumulation of indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus cell cultures - the factors affecting the cytokinin response.cytokinins were found to stimulate the alkaloid synthesis induced by removing auxin from the medium of a cell line of catharanthus roseus. diluting the mineral salts of the culture medium decreased the alkaloid production but increased the "sensitivity" of the cells. addition of high levels of ca(2+), mg(2+) or sr(2+) to b5 media in which the mineral salts were diluted to 5-40%, increased the alkaloid production. the latter effect is related only partially to enhanced osmotic potential.199224201541
the effect of temperature on hairy root cultures of catharanthus roseus: growth, indole alkaloid accumulation and membrane lipid composition.cultivation of catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures at different temperatures was found to have an effect on growth rate and indole alkaloid content as well as lipid composition. when lowering the temperature, the roots responded by increasing the degree of unsaturation of cellular lipids, which was mainly due to an increased proportion of linolenic acid in the main lipid classes. the modifications in lipid composition were obviously necessary for the roots to retain the proper cell membrane ...199224201540
the effect of temperature on growth, indole alkaloid accumulation and lipid composition of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus were used to study the effect of temperature on plant cell lipids and indole alkaloid accumulation. lowering the cultivation temperature increased the total fatty acid content per cell dry weight relative to that at higher temperatures, mainly because of increased accumulation of unsaturated c18 acids. in addition, an increase in the relative proportion of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed. within individual lipids, the ...199224201539
preparation of sealed tonoplast and plasma-membrane vesicles from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. cells by free-flow electrophoresis.highly purified tonoplast and plasmamembrane vesicles were isolated from microsomes of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. by preparative free-flow electrophoresis. the relative amounts of tonoplast and plasma-membrane vesicles in the total microsomes varied with the ph of the grinding medium. the most electronegative fractions were identified as tonoplast using nitrate-inhibited, azide-resistant mg(2+)-atpase and pyrophosphatase activities as enzyme markers. the least electronegative fractions wer ...199124194236
relationship between cell morphology and indole alkaloid production in suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus.the relationship between the morphology and indole alkaloid production of catharanthus roseus cells was investigated. eleven cell lines were randomly selected from protoplast-derived clones. in each line, most of the cells maintained only one of the two shapes, either spherical or cylindrical. the cell aspect ratio (cell length/width) for most isolates was stable for more than two years of subculture. cell division patterns of spherical and cylindrical cell isolates were different and patterns o ...199424194221
hexose uptake by catharanthus roseus cell suspensions is inhibited by a high medium salt content.the uptake of glucose and fructose from the medium by catharanthus roseus cell suspensions was strongly inhibited by high medium salt concentration, such as found in ls (linsmaier and skoog 1965) medium. after inoculation into standard ls nutrient medium with less than 5 mm hexose no uptake occurred, while in low salt medium hexose was completely depleted. at a hexose concentration of 50 mm the uptake rate was higher in low salt medium than in standard medium. the lower rate of uptake at high sa ...199424194027
high frequency plant regeneration from anther-derived cell suspension cultures via somatic embryogenesis in catharanthus roseus.a system for high frequency plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures in catharanthus roseus is described. calli were obtained from anthers cultured on murashige and skoog's medium supplemented with 1 mgl(-1) α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mgl(-1) kinetin. after the second subculture on solid medium, embryogenic callus was identified and transferred to liquid medium to initiate suspension cultures. cells dispersed finely in the medium were subcultured at 14-day intervals. upon plating o ...199424193829
uptake and accumulation of ajmalicine into isolated vacuoles of cultured cells of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. and its conversion into serpentine.isolated vacuoles from ajmalicine-producing cell suspensions of catharanthus roseus accumulated the alkaloid ajmalicine. dissipation of the transtonoplast ph gradient with nigericin abolished ajmalicine accumulation, whereas dissipation of the transtonoplast potential with valinomycin had no effect. addition of mg-atp resulted in a higher ajmalicine accumulation. serpentine produced by the cells was largely recovered in isolated vacuoles; in contrast, ajmalicine was lost. ajmalicine was converte ...199124193617
elicitor-mediated induction of isochorismate synthase and accumulation of 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid in catharanthus roseus cell suspension and shoot cultures.after elicitation, cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus accumulate phenolic compounds. the major phenolic compound produced was isolated and identified as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhba). the accumulation of this compound is a rapid response to the addition of elicitor; within 6 h after the addition of elicitor, dhba concentration reached 6.3 mg/l cell suspension. dhba was not detected in non-elicited cells. the formation of dhba in elicited cells was correlated with the induction of ...199424192892
the negligible role of carbon dioxide and ethylene in ajmalicine production by catharanthus roseus cell suspensions.removal of gaseous metabolites in an aerated fermenter affects ajmalicine production by catharanthus roseus negatively. therefore, the role of co2 and ethylene in ajmalicine production by c. roseus was investigated in 3 l fermenters (working volume 1.8 l) with recirculation of a large part of the exhaust air. removal of co2, ethylene or both from the recirculation stream did not have an effect on ajmalicine production. inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis in shake flasks with co(2+), ni(2+) or am ...199424192885
expression of enzymatically active and correctly targeted strictosidine synthase in transgenic tobacco plants.strictosidine, a precursor to over 1000 indole alkaloids including the anti-tumor drugs vinblastine, vincristine, and camptothecin, is produced by the condensation of tryptamine and secologanin. strictosidine synthase, the enzyme responsible for this condensation, is the first committed step in the indole-alkaloid pathway. we have introduced a modified cdna encoding strictosidine synthase from catharanthus roseus (l.) don. (mcknight et al. 1990, nucl. acids res. 18, 4939) driven by the camv 35s ...199124186336
investigation of the chemomarkers correlated with flower colour in different organs of catharanthus roseus using nmr-based metabolomics.flower colour is a complex phenomenon that involves a wide range of secondary metabolites of flowers, for example phenolics and carotenoids as well as co-pigments. biosynthesis of these metabolites, though, occurs through complicated pathways in many other plant organs. the analysis of the metabolic profile of leaves, stems and roots, for example, therefore may allow the identification of chemomarkers related to the final expression of flower colour.201524151112
a pair of tabersonine 16-hydroxylases initiates the synthesis of vindoline in an organ-dependent manner in catharanthus roseus.hydroxylation of tabersonine at the c-16 position, catalyzed by tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (t16h), initiates the synthesis of vindoline that constitutes the main alkaloid accumulated in leaves of catharanthus roseus. over the last decade, this reaction has been associated with cyp71d12 cloned from undifferentiated c. roseus cells. in this study, we isolated a second cytochrome p450 (cyp71d351) displaying t16h activity. biochemical characterization demonstrated that cyp71d12 and cyp71d351 both ex ...201324108213
a 7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyltransferase contributes a key step in secologanin biosynthesis in madagascar periwinkle.iridoids form a broad and versatile class of biologically active molecules found in thousands of plant species. in addition to the many hundreds of iridoids occurring in plants, some iridoids, such as secologanin, serve as key building blocks in the biosynthesis of thousands of monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) and many quinoline alkaloids. this study describes the molecular cloning and functional characterization of three iridoid glucosyltransfeases (udp-sugar glycosyltransferase6 [ugt6], ugt ...201324104568
virus-induced gene silencing identifies catharanthus roseus 7-deoxyloganic acid-7-hydroxylase, a step in iridoid and monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.iridoids are a major group of biologically active molecules that are present in thousands of plant species, and one versatile iridoid, secologanin, is a precursor for the assembly of thousands of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) as well as a number of quinoline alkaloids. this study uses bioinformatics to screen large databases of annotated transcripts from various mia-producing plant species to select candidate genes that may be involved in iridoid biosynthesis. virus-induced gene silencin ...201324103035
the orca2 transcription factor plays a key role in regulation of the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway.the terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) pathway leads to the production of pharmaceutically important drugs, such as the anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. unfortunately, these drugs are produced in trace amounts, causing them to be very costly. to increase production of these drugs, an improved understanding of the tia regulatory pathway is needed. towards this end, transgenic catharanthus roseus hairy roots that overexpress the orca2 tia transcriptional activator were generated and ...201324099172
optimizing the transient fast agro-mediated seedling transformation (fast) method in catharanthus roseus seedlings.an agro-mediated transformation method has been adapted in catharanthus roseus seedlings for transient overexpression. our results suggest that agro-mediated methods may induce defense-related genes, which should be considered in its application. the fast agro-mediated seedling transformation (fast) method, which involves the co-cultivation and transient transformation of young seedlings with agrobacterium, was adapted and optimized in catharanthus roseus. we investigated the optimal conditions ...201424085309
larvicidal efficacy of catharanthus roseus linn. (family: apocynaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis against anopheles stephensi liston.to explore the larvicidal activity of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) leaf extract and bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi), when being used alone or together.201324083578
7-o-methylpelargonidin glycosides from the pale red flowers of catharanthus roseus.two new anthocyanidin glycosides were isolated from the pale red flowers of catharanthus roseus 'equator apricot with red eye', and identified as 7-o-methylpelargonidin 3-o-[6-o-(alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-galactopyranoside] and 7-o-methylpelargonidin 3-o-(beta-galactopyranoside) by chemical and spectroscopic methods.201324079176
isolation, purification and characterization of vinblastine and vincristine from endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum isolated from catharanthus roseus.endophytic fungi reside in a symbiotic fashion inside their host plants, mimic their chemistry and interestingly, produce the same natural products as their hosts and are thus being screened for the production of valuable compounds like taxol, camptothecin, podophyllotoxin, etc. vinblastine and vincristine are excellent anti-cancer drugs but their current production using plants is non-abundant and expensive. in order to make these drugs readily available to the patients at affordable prices, we ...201324066024
[identification and expression analysis of wrky transcription factors in medicinal plant catharanthus roseus].wrky transcription factors, one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants, involve in multiple life activities including plant growth and development as well as stress responses. however, little is known about the types and functions of wrky transcription factors in catharanthus roseus, an important medicinal plant. in this study, we identified 47 crwrky transcriptional factors from 26 009 proteins in catharanthus roseus, and classified them into three distinct groups (g1, ...201324063238
oxidative stress and production of bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids: biotechnological implications.monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) encompass plant natural products with important pharmacological relevance. they include the anti-tumoral mias found in catharanthus roseus and camptotheca acuminata. the often low yields of bioactive alkaloids in plants has prompted research to identify the factors regulating mia production. oxidative stress is a general response associated with biotic and abiotic stresses leading to several secondary responses, including elicitation of mia production. these c ...201424062135
atp-binding cassette transporter controls leaf surface secretion of anticancer drug components in catharanthus roseus.the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) is highly specialized for the biosynthesis of many different monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), many of which have powerful biological activities. such mias include the commercially important chemotherapy drugs vinblastine, vincristine, and other synthetic derivatives that are derived from the coupling of catharanthine and vindoline. however, previous studies have shown that biosynthesis of these mias involves extensive movement of metabolites ...201324019465
natural product vindoline stimulates insulin secretion and efficiently ameliorates glucose homeostasis in diabetic murine models.catharanthus roseus (l). don (catharanthus roseus) is a traditional anti-diabetic herb widely used in many countries, and the alkaloids of catharanthus roseus are considered to possess hypoglycemic ability.201324012527
phytomedicine versus gonorrhoea: the bapedi experience.records regarding the phytomedicine employed by the bapedi are almost non-existent. this is the first study of herbal remedies used by bapedi traditional healers to treat gonorrhoea, of concern as it is a danger to reproductive health. a semi-structured questionnaire, centred on sexual health, was administered to 30 traditional healers in 15 local municipalities across the three districts of limpopo province during 2009/10. the questionnaire focussed on the use of plants for medicine as well the ...201223983396
medicinal plants used for treatment of diabetes by the marakh sect of the garo tribe living in mymensingh district, bangladesh.diabetes mellitus is an endocrinological disorder arising from insulin deficiency or due to ineffectiveness of the insulin produced by the body. this results in high blood glucose and with time, to neurological, cardiovascular, retinal and renal complications. it is a debilitating disease and affects the population of every country of the world. around 200 million people of the world suffer from this disease and this figure is projected to rise to 300 million in the coming years. the disease can ...201223983370
glucosylation of taxifolin with cultured plant cells.cultured plant cells of eucalyptus perriniana glucosylated taxifolin to its 3'- and 7-o-beta-d-glucosides and 3',7-o-beta-d-diglucoside. on the other hand, taxifolin was converted into 3'- and 7-o-beta-d-glucosides by cultured cells of nicotiana tabacum and catharanthus roseus.201323980419
promoter analysis reveals cis-regulatory motifs associated with the expression of the wrky transcription factor crwrky1 in catharanthus roseus.wrky transcription factors (tfs) are emerging as an important group of regulators of plant secondary metabolism. however, the cis-regulatory elements associated with their regulation have not been well characterized. we have previously demonstrated that crwrky1, a member of subgroup iii of the wrky tf family, regulates biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids in the ornamental and medicinal plant, catharanthus roseus. here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of the crwrky1 ...201323979312
jasmonate-dependent alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures is correlated with the relative expression of orca and zct transcription factors.the effects of methyl jasmonate (mj) dosage on terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus are correlated with the relative levels of specific mj-responsive transcription factors. in this study, the expression of transcription factors (orca, zct, gbf, myc2, at-hook, and wrky1), tia pathway genes (g10h, tdc, str, and sgd), and tia metabolites (secologanin, strictosidine, and tabersonine) were investigated in c. roseus hairy root cultures elicited with a range of mj dosages ...201323970483
antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of alkaloids from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a herbal plant traditionally used by local populations in india, south africa, china and malaysia to treat diabetes. the present study reports the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the major alkaloids isolated from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don leaves extract. four alkaloids--vindoline i, vindolidine ii, vindolicine iii and vindolinine iv--were isolated and identified from the dichloromethane extract (de) of this plant's leaves. de and compo ...201323955322
geraniol hydroxylase and hydroxygeraniol oxidase activities of the cyp76 family of cytochrome p450 enzymes and potential for engineering the early steps of the (seco)iridoid pathway.the geraniol-derived (seco)iridoid skeleton is a precursor for a large group of bioactive compounds with diverse therapeutic applications, including the widely used anticancer molecule vinblastine. despite of this economic prospect, the pathway leading to iridoid biosynthesis from geraniol is still unclear. the first geraniol hydroxylation step has been reported to be catalyzed by cytochrome p450 enzymes such as cyp76b6 from catharanthus roseus and cyp76c1 from arabidopsis thaliana. in the prese ...201323933465
enhancement of vindoline and vinblastine production in suspension-cultured cells of catharanthus roseus by artemisinic acid elicitation.elicitation is an important strategy to improve production of secondary metabolites in vitro. artemisinic acid was studied as a novel elicitor to enhance the yield of terpenoid indole alkaloids in the present paper. our results demonstrated that the concentrations of vindoline and vinblastine were increased by sixfold and twofold, respectively, compared to those of the control group after treatment with artemisinic acid. to elucidate the underlying mechanism, we investigated the gene expression ...201423864440
understanding the molecular signatures in leaves and flowers by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (desi ms) imaging.the difference in size, shape, and chemical cues of leaves and flowers display the underlying genetic makeup and their interactions with the environment. the need to understand the molecular signatures of these fragile plant surfaces is illustrated with a model plant, madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don). flat, thin layer chromatographic imprints of leaves/petals were imaged using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (desi ms), and the results were compared wit ...201323848451
an exploration of the potential mechanisms and translational potential of five medicinal plants for applications in alzheimer's disease.alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common type of dementia, and represents a vast worldwide socio-economic burden, and in the absence of a current cure, effective therapeutic strategies are still needed. cholinergic and cerebral blood flow deficits, excessive levels of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and glutamate excitatory mechanisms are all believed to contribute to the development and progression of the disease. scoparia dulcis, catharanthus roseus, sesamum indicum, erythrina senegalen ...201323844333
the complete plastid genome sequence of madagascar periwinkle catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don: plastid genome evolution, molecular marker identification, and phylogenetic implications in asterids.the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthusroseus in the family apocynaceae) is an important medicinal plant and is the source of several widely marketed chemotherapeutic drugs. it is also commonly grown for its ornamental values and, due to ease of infection and distinctiveness of symptoms, is often used as the host for studies on phytoplasmas, an important group of uncultivated plant pathogens. to gain insights into the characteristics of apocynaceous plastid genomes (plastomes), we used a referen ...201323825699
in vivo and real-time monitoring of secondary metabolites of living organisms by mass spectrometry.secondary metabolites are compounds that are important for the survival and propagation of animals and plants. our current understanding on the roles and secretion mechanism of secondary metabolites is limited by the existing techniques that typically cannot provide transient and dynamic information about the metabolic processes. in this manuscript, by detecting venoms secreted by living scorpion and toad upon attack and variation of alkaloids in living catharanthus roseus upon stimulation, whic ...201323811725
efficacy of larvicidal and pupicidal activity of catharanthus roseus aqueous and solvent extracts against anopheles stephensi liston and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae).to investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) against malaria and filariasis vectors.201323790333
diversification of monoterpene indole alkaloid analogs through cross-coupling.catharanthus roseus monoterpene indole alkaloid analogs have been produced via a combination of biosynthetic and chemical strategies. specifically, introduction of a chemical handle-a chlorine or a bromine-into the target molecule by mutasynthesis, followed by postbiosynthetic chemical derivatization using pd-catalyzed suzuki-miyaura cross-coupling reactions robustly afforded aryl and heteroaryl analogs of these alkaloids.201323713451
colonization of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus), by endophytes encoding gfp marker.this study reports the introduction of gfp marker in two endophytic bacterial strains (pantoea agglomerans c33.1, isolated from cocoa, and enterobacter cloacae pr2/7, isolated from citrus) to monitor the colonization in madagascar perinwinkle (catharanthus roseus). stability of the plasmid encoding gfp was confirmed in vitro for at least 72 h of bacterial growth and after the colonization of tissues, under non-selective conditions. the colonization was observed using fluorescence microscopy and ...201323695435
vacuolar transport of the medicinal alkaloids from catharanthus roseus is mediated by a proton-driven antiport.catharanthus roseus is one of the most studied medicinal plants due to the interest in their dimeric terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) vinblastine and vincristine, which are used in cancer chemotherapy. these tias are produced in very low levels in the leaves of the plant from the monomeric precursors vindoline and catharanthine and, although tia biosynthesis is reasonably well understood, much less is known about tia membrane transport mechanisms. however, such knowledge is extremely important ...201323686419
enzyme inhibitor studies reveal complex control of methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway enzyme expression in catharanthus roseus.in catharanthus roseus, the monoterpene moiety exerts a strong flux control for monoterpene indole alkaloid (mia) formation. monoterpene synthesis depends on the methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway. here, we have explored the regulation of this pathway in response to developmental and environmental cues and in response to specific enzyme inhibitors. for the mep pathway entry enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (dxs), a new (type i) dxs isoform, crdxs1, has been cloned, which ...201323650515
comprehensive protein-based artificial microrna screens for effective gene silencing in plants.artificial microrna (amirna) approaches offer a powerful strategy for targeted gene manipulation in any plant species. however, the current unpredictability of amirna efficacy has limited broad application of this promising technology. to address this, we developed epitope-tagged protein-based amirna (etpamir) screens, in which target mrnas encoding epitope-tagged proteins were constitutively or inducibly coexpressed in protoplasts with amirna candidates targeting single or multiple genes. this ...201323645631
divergent dna-binding specificities of a group of ethylene response factor transcription factors involved in plant defense.transcription factors (tfs) recognize target dna sequences with distinct dna-binding domains (dbds). the dbd of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ethylene response factor1 (aterf1) uses three consecutive β-strands to recognize a gcc-containing sequence, but tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) erf189 and periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) octadecanoid-derivative responsive catharanthus ap2-domain protein3 (orca3) of the same tf subgroup appear to target similar but divergent dna sequences. here, we examin ...201323629834
two new vinblastine-type n-oxide alkaloids from catharanthus roseus.two new vinblastine-type n-oxide alkaloids, 17-desacetoxyvinblastine n'b-oxide (1) and 20'-deoxyvinblastine n'b-oxide (2), were isolated from the leaves of catharanthus roseus. the structures of 1 and 2 were established by the analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and hr-esi-ms spectroscopic data. all alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (hepg2) cell line, human colorectal carcinoma (lovo) cell line and human breast carcinoma ( ...201323621523
salicylic acid restrains nickel toxicity, improves antioxidant defence system and enhances the production of anticancer alkaloids in catharanthus roseus (l.).salicylic acid (sa) has been reported to ameliorate various stresses in plants. in order to explore the role of sa under nickel (ni) stress, thirty-days old plants of periwinkle (catharanthus roseus l.) were supplied with eight treatments comprising basal application of ni (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg(-1)) and foliar application of sa (0 and 10(-5)m) under net house conditions. ni application significantly reduced the growth attributes including plant height, leaf-area index and fresh and dry weigh ...201323597961
perspectives of the metabolic engineering of terpenoid indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus hairy roots.this review looks back on how the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway and the regulatory factors in catharanthus roseus were identified and characterized, and how metabolic engineering, including genetic engineering and metabolic profiling, was conducted based on the gained knowledge. in addition, further examination of the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway is proposed.201323576053
a reliable protocol for transformation of catharanthus roseus through agrobacterium tumefaciens.proliferation of axillary shoot buds and multiple shoot formation in catharanthus roseus was obtained in 96 % explants on ms medium (3 % sucrose) containing naa + ba. 2,4-d induced callusing in both, the nodal as well as in leaf segments. leaf-derived callus was used for transformation with agrobacterium tumefaciens lba4404/pbi-s1. bacterial cell concentration, duration of co-cultivation and acetosyringone concentration influenced transformation efficiency. under optimal co-cultivation condition ...200923572917
synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves of catharanthus roseus linn. g. don and their antiplasmodial activities.to develop a novel approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extracts of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) linn. g. don which has been proven active against malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum (p. falciparum).201223569974
catharanthus roseus: a natural source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.to develop a simple rapid procedure for bioreduction of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using aqueous leaves extracts of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus).201123569773
identification and quantification of active alkaloids in catharanthus roseus by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry.catharanthus roseus is an important dicotyledonous medicinal plant that produces anticancer compounds. the active alkaloids vinblastine, vindoline, ajmalicine, catharanthine, and vinleurosine were identified by direct-injection ion trap-mass spectrometry (it-ms) for collecting ms(1-2) spectra. the determinations of five alkaloids were accomplished by liquid chromatography (lc) with uv and ms detections. the analytes provided good signals corresponding to the protonated molecular ions [m+h](+) an ...201323561180
interaction between abscisic acid and nitric oxide in pb90-induced catharanthine biosynthesis of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.elicitations are considered to be an important strategy to improve production of secondary metabolites of plant cell cultures. however, mechanisms responsible for the elicitor-induced production of secondary metabolites of plant cells have not yet been fully elucidated. here, we report that treatment of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures with pb90, a protein elicitor from phytophthora boehmeriae, induced rapid increases of abscisic acid (aba) and nitric oxide (no), subsequently followe ...201323554409
heteromeric and homomeric geranyl diphosphate synthases from catharanthus roseus and their role in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.catharanthus roseus is the sole source of two most important monoterpene indole alkaloid (mia) anti-cancer agents: vinblastine and vincristine. mias possess a terpene and an indole moiety derived from terpenoid and shikimate pathways, respectively. geranyl diphosphate (gpp), the entry point to the formation of terpene moiety, is a product of the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp) by gpp synthase (gpps). here, we report three genes encoding protein ...201323543438
cathacyc, a metabolic pathway database built from catharanthus roseus rna-seq data.the medicinal plant madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) synthesizes numerous terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias), such as the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. the tia pathway operates in a complex metabolic network that steers plant growth and survival. pathway databases and metabolic networks reconstructed from 'omics' sequence data can help to discover missing enzymes, study metabolic pathway evolution and, ultimately, engineer metabolic pathways. to date, such databases hav ...201323493402
reverse zymography alone does not confirm presence of a protease inhibitor.reverse zymography is applied for identification and semi-quantification of protease inhibitors that are of protein in nature. however, a protein that shows band in reverse zymography against a protease used for digestion of the gel need not be an inhibitor; it might be resistant to degradation by the protease. we demonstrate that in reverse zymography, avidin, streptavidin and the leaf extract of catharanthus roseus behave like inhibitors of proteases like papain, ficin, bromelain extracts from ...201323417772
structures and biomimetic synthesis of novel α-pyrone polyketides of an endophytic penicillium sp. in catharanthus roseus.novel polyketides, citreoviripyrone a (1) and b (2), known citreomontanin (3), and (-)-citreoviridin (4) were isolated from the mycelium of the endophytic fungus. the endophytic fungus, which belongs to the genus penicillium, was separated from surface-sterilized healthy leaves of catharanthus roseus. the structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of nmr data, and 1 was characterized as an α-pyrone polyketide featuring bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene. the biomimetic synthesis of 1 and 2 from 3 e ...201323405967
simple and rapid biosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles using dried leaves of catharanthus roseus. linn. g. donn and its anti microbial activity.nanoparticles have been used to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules. the plant extracts are eco-friendly, economical and cost effective for synthesis of large scale of nanoparticles. in this paper we represent the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) from room dried leaves of vinca rosea. the agnps were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy. the agnps are crystalline in nature, were determined from scanning electron microsco ...201323376746
abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in high-fructose dietfed insulin-resistant rats: amelioration by catharanthus roseus treatments.high intake of dietary fructose has been shown to exert a number of adverse metabolic effects in humans and experimental animals. the present study was proposed to elucidate the effect of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) leaf powder treatment on alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in rats fed with high-fructose diet. male wistar rats of body weight around 180 g were divided into four groups, two of these groups (groups c and c+cr) were fed with standard pellet diet and the other two ...201323334857
development of transcriptomic resources for interrogating the biosynthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids in medicinal plant species.the natural diversity of plant metabolism has long been a source for human medicines. one group of plant-derived compounds, the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias), includes well-documented therapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer (vinblastine, vincristine, camptothecin), hypertension (reserpine, ajmalicine), malaria (quinine), and as analgesics (7-hydroxymitragynine). our understanding of the biochemical pathways that synthesize these commercially relevant compounds is incomplete due ...201223300689
in vitro plant propagation of catharanthus roseus and assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants by rapd marker assay.an investigation was carried out to develop an efficient micropropagation protocol for catharanthus roseus. experiments were conducted to optimize suitable media for in vitro shoot multiplication and root induction. out of the different media compared for in vitro shoot multiplication, murashige and skoog (ms) medium supplemented with 1 mg/l of 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid showed better response in terms of the emergence of shoots from axillary buds as well as prolif ...201323292901
analysis of the interface between primary and secondary metabolism in catharanthus roseus cell cultures using (13)c-stable isotope feeding and coupled mass spectrometry. 201323253601
the traditional medical uses and cytotoxic activities of sixty-one egyptian plants: discovery of an active cardiac glycoside from urginea maritima.medicinal plants from the sinai desert are widely used in traditional bedouin medicine to treat a range of conditions including, cancers, and may thus be useful sources of novel anti-tumor compounds. information on plants used in this way was obtained through collaboration with bedouin herbalists.201323228916
catharanthus roseus mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 confers uv and heat tolerance to saccharomyces cerevisiae.catharanthus roseus is an important source of pharmaceutically important monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias). accumulation of many of the mias is induced in response to abiotic stresses such as wound, ultra violet (uv) irradiations, etc. recently, we have demonstrated a possible role of crmpk3, a c. roseus mitogen-activated protein kinase in stress-induced accumulation of a few mias. here, we extend our findings using saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the role of crmpk3 in giving toleran ...201323221751
biochemical evaluation of the decarboxylation and decarboxylation-deamination activities of plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases.plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (aaad) enzymes are capable of catalyzing either decarboxylation or decarboxylation-deamination on various combinations of aromatic amino acid substrates. these two different activities result in the production of arylalkylamines and the formation of aromatic acetaldehydes, respectively. variations in product formation enable individual enzymes to play different physiological functions. despite these catalytic variations, arylalkylamine and aldehyde synthes ...201323204519
metabolic fate of inorganic phosphate absorbed by suspension cultured cells of catharanthus roseus.the absorption and metabolism of [(32)p]inorganic phosphate (pi) by suspension cultured cells of catharanthus roseus was studied. the cells absorbed 46 % of the pi from fresh medium during the first day after inoculation. more than 90% of the pi had been absorbed by the end of the culture period (10 days). free pi in the cells decreased with growth and more than 85% of the absorbed [(32)p]pi was found as organic phosphates at the stationary phase. a large proportion of the absorbed pi was incorp ...198523196007
liposomes as vehicles for transferring low molecular weight compounds into periwinkle protoplasts.the uptake of liposomal contents into catharanthus roseus protoplasts has been quantitated. hi.phest uptake was obtained from positively charged vesicles (1.09% of vesicle contents per 10(7) protoplasts) in the presence of 10% w/v polyethylene glycol 4000. significant uptake was also observed from negatively charged vesicles (0.1% of vesicle contents per 10(7) protoplasts) in the presence of 25% polyethylene glycol 1540. the uptake of vesicle contents from negatively charged liposomes was confir ...198423195500
fine control of purine nucleotide biosynthesis in intact cells of catharanthus roseus.adenine exogenously supplied to intact catharanthus roseus cells was converted to adenine nucleotides. this treatment inhibited the incorporation of [(14)c]formate into total purines (purine bases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids). since the availability of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (prpp) appeared to exceed the requirement for de novo purine biosynthesis, its inhibition by exogenously supplied adenine was presumably due to an increase in adenine nucleotide concentration with result ...198423195382
synergistic and cytotoxic action of indole alkaloids produced from elicited cell cultures of catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant that produces more than 130 alkaloids, with special attention given to the production of the anti-hypertensive monomeric indole alkaloids, serpentine and ajmalicine, and the antitumor dimeric alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine.201323137274
vincristine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in sh-sy5y human neuroblastoma cells.neuroblastoma is a common childhood tumor. vincristine (vcr), an alkaloid extracted from catharanthus roseus, is commonly used in combination chemotherapy. however, the mechanisms of vcr-induced neuroblastoma cell death are not clear. the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vcr on mitosis and apoptosis of sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells and the underlying mechanisms. sh-sy5y cells were treated with increasing vcr doses for different time points. cell proliferation was detected using t ...201323129065
characterization of the plastidial geraniol synthase from madagascar periwinkle which initiates the monoterpenoid branch of the alkaloid pathway in internal phloem associated parenchyma.madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus [l.] g. don, apocynaceae) produces monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias), secondary metabolites of high interest due to their therapeutic value. a key step in the biosynthesis is the generation of geraniol from geranyl diphosphate (gpp) in the monoterpenoid branch of the mia pathway. here we report on the cloning and functional characterization of c. roseus geraniol synthase (crges). the full-length crges was over-expressed in escherichia coli and the pur ...201323102596
effect of glomus species on physiology and biochemistry of catharanthus roseus.the present study on efficacy of different glomus species, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus (g. aggregatum, g. fasciculatum, g. mosseae, g. intraradices) on various growth parameters such as biomass, macro and micronutrients, chlorophyll, protein, cytokinin and alkaloid content and phosphatase activity of pink flowered catharanthus roseus plants showed that all glomus species except g. intraradices enhanced the chlorophyll, protein, crude alkaloid, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese and copper ...201023100853
from herkogamy to cleistogamy--development of cleistogamy in periwinkle.periwinkle (catharanthus roseus [l.] g. don), an important medicinal plant, is an allogamous species in which the stigma is below the anthers. the receptive portion is at the base of the stigmatic head and thus automatic intra-flower self-pollination is excluded. the structure of the flower is of typical reverse herkogamy and pollination occurs through nectar-seeking insects. a few self-pollinating strains are also reported in which self-pollination is brought about by an increase in length of t ...201223077233
analysis toward innovative herbal antibacterial and antifungal drugs.the antimicrobial activities of four medicinal plants argemona mexicana, achyranthes aspera, catharanthus roseus, and syzygium cumini were evaluated against escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, bacillus subtilis, salmonella typhi and three aspergillus species. extracts from achyranthes aspera and catharanthus roseus showed the highest antimicrobial potential (mic 0.375-0.750 mg/ml) while extract from argemona mexicana and syzygium cumini, showed less activi ...201223072646
medicinal utilization of exotic plants by bapedi traditional healers to treat human ailments in limpopo province, south africa.most exotic plants are usually labelled as alien invasives and targeted for eradication. however, some of these exotic plants play an important role in the traditional primary healthcare sector of the bapedi culture in the limpopo province of south africa. the medicinal uses of most of these species have neither been documented nor their biological activity evaluated.201223069942
complete nucleotide sequences of two begomoviruses infecting madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) from pakistan.though catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle) is an ornamental plant, it is famous for its medicinal value. its alkaloids are known for anti-cancerous properties, and this plant is studied mainly for its alkaloids. here, this plant has been studied for its viral diseases. complete dna sequences of two begomoviruses infecting c. roseus originating from pakistan were determined. the sequence of one begomovirus (clone kn4) shows the highest level of nucleotide sequence identity (86.5 %) to an ...201323065111
hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extracts from catharanthus roseus.introduction. catharanthus roseus (l.) is used in some countries to treat diabetes. the aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of extracts from the flower, leaf, stem, and root in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. methods. roots, leaves, flowers, and stems were separated to obtain organic and aqueous extracts. the blood glucose lowering activity of these extracts was determinate in healthy and alloxan-induced (75 mg/kg) diabetic mice, after intraperitoneal administra ...201223056144
in-depth proteome mining of cultured catharanthus roseus cells identifies candidate proteins involved in the synthesis and transport of secondary metabolites.madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) is the major source of terpenoid indole alkaloids, such as vinblastine or vincristine, used as natural drugs against various cancers. in this study, we have extensively analyzed the proteome of cultured c. roseus cells. comparison of the proteomes of two independent cell lines with different terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism by 2d-dige revealed 358 proteins that differed quantitatively by at least a twofold average ratio. of these, 172 were identifi ...201223044725
strategies for engineering plant natural products: the iridoid-derived monoterpene indole alkaloids of catharanthus roseus.the manipulation of pathways to make unnatural variants of natural compounds, a process often termed combinatorial biosynthesis, has been robustly successful in prokaryotic systems. the development of approaches to generate new-to-nature compounds from plant-based pathways is, in comparison, much less advanced. success will depend on the specific chemistry of the pathway, as well as on the suitability of the plant system for transformation and genetic manipulation. as plant pathways are elucidat ...201222999175
dodder transmission of phytoplasmas.transmission of phytoplasmas from naturally infected plant host species using the parasitic plant cuscuta spp. (dodder) to catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle) is an effective way to maintain a wide range of phytoplasmas for further research. here, we describe transmission via dodder from an infected medicinal plant rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurea and from a symptomatic redcurrant plant (ribes spp.) to c. roseus indicator plants using a "stable bridges" method. in both cases, typical sy ...201322987404
micropropagation and maintenance of phytoplasmas in tissue culture.maintenance of phytoplasma strains in tissue culture is achievable for all strains transmitted to periwinkle (catharanthus roseus), and also for other naturally infected plant host species. shoots of 1-3 cm length are grown in a solid medium containing murashige and skoog (ms) micro- and macroelements and 0.12 mg/l benzylaminopurine. the continued presence of phytoplasmas in infected shoots of periwinkle that have been maintained in micropropagation for up to 20 years can be shown by diagnostic ...201322987403
techniques for the maintenance and propagation of phytoplasmas in glasshouse collections of catharanthus roseus.phytoplasma collections are a vital resource for researchers and diagnosticians studying phytoplasma diseases. they provide material as a point of reference and a research tool to increase our understanding of phytoplasmas and the diseases they cause. this chapter describes the techniques required to create and maintain collections of phytoplasma-infected catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle).201322987402
four botanical extracts are toxic to the hispine beetle, brontispa longissima, in laboratory and semi-field trials.the potential of botanical extracts such as celosia argenea l. (caryophyllales: amaranthaceae), ricinus communis l. (malpighiales: euphorbiaceae), mikania micrantha humboldt, bonpland & kunth (astrales: asteraceae), and catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (gentianales: apocynaceae) for the control of brontispa longissima gestro was evaluated in a bioassay and semi-field trial. dose-response bioassay showed no significant difference in oral-toxicity among the extracts of c. argenea, m. micrantha, and ...201222962939
triple subcellular targeting of isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases encoded by a single gene.isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (idi) is a key enzyme of the isoprenoid pathway, catalyzing the interconversion of isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, the universal precursors of all isoprenoids. in plants, several subcellular compartments, including cytosol/er, peroxisomes, mitochondria and plastids, are involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis. here, we report on the unique triple targeting of two catharanthus roseus idi isoforms encoded by a single gene (cridi1). the triple lo ...201222951398
receptor-like kinase complexes in plant innate immunity.receptor-like kinases (rlks) are surface localized, transmembrane receptors comprising a large family of well-studied kinases. rlks signal through their transmembrane and juxtamembrane domains with the aid of various interacting partners and downstream components. the n-terminal extracellular domain defines ligand specificity, and rlk families are sub-classed according to this domain. the most studied of these subfamilies include those with (1) leucine-rich repeat (lrr) domains, (2) lysm domains ...201222936944
overexpression of orca3 and g10h in catharanthus roseus plants regulated alkaloid biosynthesis and metabolism revealed by nmr-metabolomics.in order to improve the production of the anticancer dimeric indole alkaloids in catharanthuse roseus, much research has been dedicated to culturing cell lines, hairy roots, and efforts to elucidate the regulation of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (mia) biosynthesis. in this study, the orca3 (octadecanoid-derivative responsive catharanthus ap2-domain) gene alone or integrated with the g10h (geraniol 10-hydroxylase) gene were first introduced into c. roseus plants. transgenic c. roseus plants ...201222916202
crrlk1l receptor-like kinases: not just another brick in the wall.in plants, receptor-like kinases regulate many processes during reproductive and vegetative development. the arabidopsis subfamily of catharanthus roseus rlk1-like kinases (crrlk1ls) comprises 17 members with a putative extracellular carbohydrate-binding malectin-like domain. only little is known about the functions of these proteins, although mutant analyses revealed a role during cell elongation, polarized growth, and fertilization. however, the molecular nature of the underlying signal transd ...201222884521
glycosylation of trans-resveratrol by plant-cultured cells.plant-cultured cells of catharanthus roseus converted trans-resveratrol into its 3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3-o-(6-o-β-d-xylopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 3-o-(6-o-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside. the 3-o-(6-o-β-d-xylopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside and 3-o-(6-o-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside compounds of trans-resveratrol are both new. incubation of plant-cultured cells of ipomoea batatas and strophanthus gratus with trans-resveratrol gave trans ...201222878209
crmpk3, a mitogen activated protein kinase from catharanthus roseus and its possible role in stress induced biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids.mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade is an important signaling cascade that operates in stress signal transduction in plants. the biologically active monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mia) produced in catharanthus roseus are known to be induced under several abiotic stress conditions such as wounding, uv-b etc. however involvement of any signaling component in the accumulation of mias remains poorly investigated so far. here we report isolation of a novel abiotic stress inducible cathar ...201222871174
[effects of water stress and nitrogen nutrition on regulation of catharanthus roseus alkaloids metabolism].under various drought conditions and nitrogen application, the content of vindoline, catharanthine, vincristine and vinblastine in the leaf of catharanthus roseus were illustrated to improve the content of alkaloid theoretically.201222860440
molecular characterization of the pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant and the sole commercial source of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mia), anticancer compounds. recently, triterpenoids like ursolic acid and oleanolic acid have also been found in considerable amounts in c. roseus leaf cuticular wax layer. these simple pentacyclic triterpenoids exhibit various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-microbial properties. using the est collection from c. roseus leaf epidermome ( ...201222837051
negative-pressure cavitation extraction of four main vinca alkaloids from catharanthus roseus leaves.in the present study, an improved method termed negative-pressure cavitation extraction (npce) followed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) was developed for the extraction and quantification of vindoline (vdl), catharanthine (ctr), vincristine (vcr) and vinblastine (vlb) from catharanthus roseus leaves. the optimized method employed 60-mesh particles, 80% ethanol, a negative pressure of -0.075 mpa, a solid to liquid ratio of 1:20, 30 min of extraction and three ext ...201222832876
endophytic methylobacterium extorquens expresses a heterologous β-1,4-endoglucanase a (egla) in catharanthus roseus seedlings, a model host plant for xylella fastidiosa.based on the premise of symbiotic control, we genetically modified the citrus endophytic bacterium methylobacterium extorquens, strain ar1.6/2, and evaluated its capacity to colonize a model plant and its interaction with xylella fastidiosa, the causative agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc). ar1.6/2 was genetically transformed to express heterologous gfp (green fluorescent protein) and an endoglucanase a (egla), generating the strains argfp and aregla, respectively. by fluorescence micros ...201122805929
[endophytic bacterial community analysis of catharanthus roseus and its association with huanglongbing pathogen].to analyze the microbial diversity in healthy and hlb-affected catharanthus roseus under manual-grafting conditions and to find the association between the endophytic bacteria and the hlb pathogen.201222799214
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