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targeted metabolite analysis of catharanthus roseus and its biological potential.catharanthus roseus is nowadays one of the most studied medicinal plants. in this work, further knowledge on different parts of this species (leaves, stems, seeds and petals) was achieved, namely phenolics by hplc-dad and organic acids and amino acids by hplc-uv. also, the biological potential, expressed as acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was accessed and, in some parts, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity higher than 85% was found (ic(50) at 422, 442 and 2683 microg/ml in leave ...200919298840
production and metabolic engineering of terpenoid indole alkaloids in cell cultures of the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (madagascar periwinkle).the madagascar periwinkle [catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don] is a plant species known for its production of tias (terpenoid indole alkaloids), many of which are pharmaceutically important. ajmalicine and serpentine are prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, whereas the bisindoles vinblastine, vincristine and 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine are used for their antineoplastic activity in the treatment of many cancers. however, tias are produced in small yields in c. roseus, which make them expensive ...200919281450
flavonoid glucosides from the hairy roots of catharanthus roseus.four new flavonoid glucosides, 3',4'-di-o-methylquercetin-7-o-[(4''-->13''')-2''',6''',10''',14'''-tetramethylhexadec-13'''-ol-14'''-enyl]-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1), 4'-o-methylkaempferol-3-o-[(4''-->13''')- 2''',6''',10''',14'''-tetramethylhexadecan-13'''-olyl]-beta-d-glucopyranoside (2), 3',4'-di-o-methylbutin-7-o-[(6''-->1''')-3''',11'''-dimethyl-7'''-methylenedodeca-3''',10'''-dienyl]-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3), and 4'-o-methylbutin-7-o-[(6''-->1''')-3''',11'''-dimethyl-7'''-hydroxymethylen ...200919271765
differential secretion and accumulation of terpene indole alkaloids in hairy roots of catharanthus roseus treated with methyl jasmonate.the induction of several secondary metabolites in plants is one of the most commonly observed effects after the external addition of methyl jasmonate (meja). after the elicitation of catharanthus roseus hairy roots with different concentrations of meja, changes in the accumulation of alkaloids such as ajmalicine, serpentine, ajmaline and catharanthine were observed. in addition to the increased accumulation of alkaloids in the tissues, the root exudation of phytochemicals increased compared to t ...200918841500
isolation and characterization of antineoplastic alkaloids from catharanthus roseus l. don. cultivated in egypt.vinblastine and vincristine (the antileukemic agents) were isolated, in a pure form, from catharanthus roseus l. don., cultivated in egypt, by several chromatographic techniques. five modified methods for the preparation of total alkaloids were carried out. all the isolated mixtures were evaluated by hplc and hptlc analyses. the antineoplastic alkaloids; vinblastine and vincristine, were isolated by the use of vacuum liquid chromatographic column on silica gel : aluminium oxide (1:1) mixed bed v ...200920209002
low levels of gibberellic acid control the biosynthesis of ajmalicine in catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.in periwinkle cell suspensions, amounts of gibberellic acid ranging from 10 ( - 10) m to 10 ( - 7) m significantly antagonized, in a dose-dependant manner, the stimulation of ajmalicine biosynthesis by cytokinins (cks). this inhibitory effect was strictly correlated with the abolition of the expression of two genes encoding enzymes of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (mia) biosynthetic pathway and was normally upregulated after ck treatments. moreover, low concentrations of the gibberellin bios ...200919096998
metabolic changes of salicylic acid-elicited catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures monitored by nmr-based metabolomics.the effect of salicylic acid (sa) on the metabolic profile of catharanthus roseus suspension cells throughout a time course (0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment) was investigated using nmr spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. when compared to control cell lines, sa-treated cells showed a high level of sugars (glucose and sucrose) up to 48 h after treatment, followed by a dynamic change in amino acids, phenylpropanoids, and tryptamine. additionally, one compound--2,5-dihydroxybenzoi ...200919701606
isolation of microsatellites from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don using enriched libraries.catharanthus roseus is an indispensable source of the anticancerous alkaloids-vincristine and vinblastine, even though they are produced in trace amounts in vivo. in order to increase the yield of alkaloids, in vitro tissue culture studies are carried out which result in a large number of lines/cultures. for identification and characterization of the in vitro cultures, microsatellites in the form of stms (sequenced tagged microsatellite sites) markers are used for identification of genetic polym ...200919521853
optimization of the transient transformation of catharanthus roseus cells by particle bombardment and its application to the subcellular localization of hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase and geraniol 10-hydroxylase.the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mia) synthesized in catharanthus roseus are highly valuable metabolites due to their pharmacological properties. in planta, the mia biosynthetic pathway exhibits a complex compartmentation at the cellular level, whereas subcellular data are sparse. to gain insight into this level of organization, we have developed a high efficiency green fluorescent protein (gfp) imaging approach to systematically localize mia biosynthetic enzymes within c. roseus cells followin ...200919504099
increased vincristine production from agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 induced shooty teratomas of catharanthus roseus g. don.dimeric indole alkaloids are used extensively for cancer therapy. agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 strain was used for induction of shooty teratoma in catharanthus roseus using epicotyl and stem node explants. the transformed nature of shooty teratomas was confirmed by nopaline assay. growth kinetics of shooty teratomas depicted maximum growth during 21-24 days of culture. dimeric alkaloid vincristine in the transformed cultures was present at a concentration of 0.011 that was tenfold higher compar ...200919521912
a phytoplasma related to 'candidatus phytoplasma asteri' detected in citrus showing huanglongbing (yellow shoot disease) symptoms in guangdong, p. r. china.citrus huanglongbing (hlb) or yellow shoot disease (i.e., greening disease) is highly destructive to citrus production worldwide. understanding the etiology of hlb is critical for managing the disease. hlb is currently associated with infection by 'candidatus liberibacter spp.' around the world, including china. however, koch's postulates have not been fulfilled. in addition, other plant pathogens also may be involved in hlb. in a survey performed in guangdong province, p. r. china in 2006 and 2 ...200919203275
biosynthesis of salicylic acid in fungus elicited catharanthus roseus cells.feeding experiments using [1-(13)c]-d-glucose to catharanthus roseus (l.) g.don cell suspension cultures followed by elicitation with pythium aphanidermatum extract were performed in order to study the salicylic acid (sa) biosynthetic pathway and that of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-dhba) as a comparison. a strongly labeled c-7 and a symmetrical partitioning of the label between c-2 and c-6 would occur if sa was synthesized from phenylalanine. in case of the isochorismate pathway, a relatively ...200919251288
oral glucose tolerance test (ogtt) in normal control and glucose induced hyperglycemic rats with coccinia cordifolia l. and catharanthus roseus l.the aim of this study is to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions isolated from ethanolic extracts of coccinia cordifolia and catharanthus roseus on normal control and orally glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats. single doses (150 mg/kg) of different fractions of c. cordifolia and c. roseus extracts were intraperitonelly administered. the serum blood glucose level was obtained by pricking the tail vein using glucometer at time 0, 30, 60, 90 ...200919783519
improved accumulation of ajmalicine and tetrahydroalstonine in catharanthus cells expressing an abc transporter.the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus is located throughout various membranes at both the cellular and intercellular levels. atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters are known to export vincristine and vinblastine from human cancer cells. it has recently been shown that abc transporters are also involved in the transport of various monoterpenoid alkaloids in catharanthus roseus cells. over-expression of an abc transporter in this plant might therefore a ...200919403195
overexpression of the hmg-coa reductase gene leads to enhanced artemisinin biosynthesis in transgenic artemisia annua plants.an effective and affordable treatment against malaria is still a challenge for medicine. most contemporary drugs either are too expensive to produce or are not effective against resistant strains of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. the plant artemisia annua l. is the source of artemisinin, an effective drug against malaria for which no resistant strains of the bacterium have been reported. however, the artemisinin content of a. annua is very low, which makes its production expensive. ...200919551613
bioreactor production of secondary metabolites from cell cultures of periwinkle and sandalwood.a bench-top bioreactor allowing continuous extraction of secondary metabolites is designed for catharanthus roseus l. (g.) don (periwinkle) and santalum album l. (sandalwood) plant cell suspensions. periwinkle cell cultures are exposed to biotic elicitors (aspergillus niger, crude chitin) and abiotic elicitors (mannitol, methyl jasmonate) to induce alkaloid production. whereas most of the biotic elicitors are effective when added on day 15 of culture, the abiotic elicitors are effective when add ...200919521856
comparison of hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects of catharanthus roseus leaves extract with atenolol on adrenaline induced hypertensive rats.the leaves extract of catharanthus roseus was investigated for hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects in adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats (aihr) and compared with those of atenolol in a crossover design. the pharmacologically active components responsible for hypotensive activities were isolated from plant using bioassay guided purification approach and the structure of the compounds was proposed by spectroscopic methods. catharanthus roseus leaves extract and commercial drug atenolol were ad ...200919553172
transmission of methylobacterium mesophilicum by bucephalogonia xanthophis for paratransgenic control strategy of citrus variegated chlorosis.methylobacterium mesophilicum, originally isolated as an endophytic bacterium from citrus plants, was genetically transformed to express green fluorescent protein (gfp). the gfp-labeled strain of m. mesophilicum was inoculated into catharanthus roseus (model plant) seedlings and further observed colonizing its xylem vessels. the transmission of this endophyte by bucephalogonia xanthophis, one of the insect vectors that transmit xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, was verified by insects feeding fro ...200919763419
transmission of different isolates of spiroplasma citri to carrot and citrus by circulifer tenellus (hemiptera: cicadellidae).carrot purple leaf disease was first reported in 2006 in the state of washington and was associated with spiroplasma citri. the disease also was reported in california in 2008. the objectives of this work were to fulfill koch's postulates and to determine 1) whether the beet leafhopper, circulifer tenellus (baker) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), transmits carrot [daucus carota l. subsp. sativus (hoffm.) arcang] isolates of s. citri; and 2) whether carrot and citrus [citrus sinensis (l.) osb.]-derived ...200919736751
a reliable protocol for transformation of catharanthus roseus through agrobacterium tumefaciens.proliferation of axillary shoot buds and multiple shoot formation in catharanthus roseus was obtained in 96 % explants on ms medium (3 % sucrose) containing naa + ba. 2,4-d induced callusing in both, the nodal as well as in leaf segments. leaf-derived callus was used for transformation with agrobacterium tumefaciens lba4404/pbi-s1. bacterial cell concentration, duration of co-cultivation and acetosyringone concentration influenced transformation efficiency. under optimal co-cultivation condition ...200923572917
silencing of tryptamine biosynthesis for production of nonnatural alkaloids in plant culture.natural products have long served as both a source and inspiration for pharmaceuticals. modifying the structure of a natural product often improves the biological activity of the compound. metabolic engineering strategies to ferment "unnatural" products have been enormously successful in microbial organisms. however, despite the importance of plant derived natural products, metabolic engineering strategies to yield unnatural products from complex, lengthy plant pathways have not been widely expl ...200919666570
metabolic reprogramming of periwinkle plant culture.we transformed an alkaloid biosynthetic gene with reengineered substrate specificity into catharanthus roseus. the resulting transgenic plant cell culture produced a variety of unnatural alkaloid compounds when cocultured with simple, achiral, commercially available precursors that the reengineered enzyme was designed to accept. this work demonstrates the power of genetic engineering to retailor the structures of complex alkaloid natural products in plant culture.200919151732
characterization of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (slpal5) from tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.).phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (slpal5) cdna from tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) revealed high sequence similarity to pal genes in nicotiana tabacum (92%), ipomoea nil (87%), manihot esculenta (84%), and catharanthus roseus (84%). the slpal5 gene exists as multiple copies in the tomato plant, and its transcription was strongly expressed in old leaves and flowers. from 5 days post-anthesis to the onset of ripening, slpal5 expre ...200918791854
pharmacological effects of catharanthus roseus root alkaloids in acetylcholinesterase inhibition and cholinergic neurotransmission.the leaves of catharanthus roseus constitute the only source of the well known indolomonoterpenic alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. in this work we studied the biological potential of the roots, which are used in several countries as decocts or hot water extracts for the treatment of a number of conditions. the aqueous extract strongly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (ache) in an in vitro microassay, an effect ascribable mainly to serpentine (ic(50) = 0.775 microm vs physostigmine ic(50) = 6 ...201019962870
mass attenuation coefficients of x-rays in different medicinal plants.the mass attenuation coefficients of specific parts of several plants, (fruits, leaves, stem and seeds) often used as medicines in the indian herbal system, have been measured employing nai (ti)) detector. the electronic setup used is a nai (ti) detector, which is coupled to mca for analysis of the spectrum. a source of (241)am is used to get x-rays in the energy range 8-32kev from cu, rb, mo, ag and ba targets. in the present study, the measured mass attenuation coefficient of ocimum sanctum, c ...201019910203
homolog of tocopherol c methyltransferases catalyzes n methylation in anticancer alkaloid biosynthesis.madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, bisindole alkaloids derived from the dimerization of the terpenoid indole alkaloids vindoline and catharanthine. full elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds is a prerequisite for metabolic engineering efforts that will improve production of these costly molecules. however, despite the medical and commercial importance of these natural products, the biosynthetic ...201020956330
clustered transcription factor genes regulate nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco.tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) synthesizes nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids in the root, and their synthesis increases upon herbivory on the leaf via a jasmonate-mediated signaling cascade. regulatory nic loci that positively regulate nicotine biosynthesis have been genetically identified, and their mutant alleles have been used to breed low-nicotine tobacco varieties. here, we report that the nic2 locus, originally called locus b, comprises clustered transcription factor genes of an ethylen ...201020959558
integrating carbon-halogen bond formation into medicinal plant metabolism.halogenation, which was once considered a rare occurrence in nature, has now been observed in many natural product biosynthetic pathways. however, only a small fraction of halogenated compounds have been isolated from terrestrial plants. given the impact that halogenation can have on the biological activity of natural products, we reasoned that the introduction of halides into medicinal plant metabolism would provide the opportunity to rationally bioengineer a broad variety of novel plant produc ...201021048708
efficacy of anthelmintic properties of medicinal plant extracts against haemonchus contortus.the development of anthelmintic resistance has made the search for alternatives to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants imperative. among these alternatives are several medicinal plants traditionally used as anthelmintics. this present work evaluated the efficacy of ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol dried leaf and seed extracts of five medicinal plants were tested in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities on haemonchus contortus. the in vitro assay was based on egg hatch as ...201020980034
spatial organization of the vindoline biosynthetic pathway in catharanthus roseus.vindoline constitutes the main terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulated in leaves of catharanthus roseus, and four genes involved in its biosynthesis have been identified. however, the spatial organization of the tabersonine-to-vindoline biosynthetic pathway is still incomplete. to pursue the characterization of this six-step conversion, we illustrated, with in situ hybridization, that the transcripts of the second biosynthetic enzyme, 16-hydroxytabersonine 16-o-methyltransferase (16omt), are speci ...201021047699
antihyperglycemic activity of catharanthus roseus leaf powder in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.catharanthus roseus linn (apocynaceae), is a traditional medicinal plant used to control diabetes, in various regions of the world. in this study we evaluated the possible antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of c. roseus (catharanthus roseus) leaf powder in diabetic rats. diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (stz, 55 mg/kg body wt) to male wistar rats. the animals were divided into four groups: control, control-treated, diabetic, and diabetic-treated group. diabe ...201021808566
induced dwarf mutant in catharanthus roseus with enhanced antibacterial activity.evaluation of an ethyl methane sulphonate-induced dwarf mutant of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don revealed that the mutant exhibited marked variation in morphometric parameters. the in vitro antibacterial activity of the aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts of the mutant and control plants was investigated against medically important bacteria. the mutant leaf extracts showed enhanced antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria except bacillus subtilis.201021695004
influence of cellular differentiation and elicitation on intermediate and late steps of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus.the invaluable antineoplastic bisindole alkaloids of catharanthus roseus and their precursor, vindoline, are not produced in cell cultures. the intricacies involved in endogenous (cellular differentiation) and exogenous (elicitation) regulation of their biosynthesis need to be dissected out for favorable exploitation. this study aimed at elucidating the effect of pythium aphanidermatum homogenate and methyl jasmonate (meja) on in vitro cultures (of cv. 'dhawal') representing increasing level of ...201020217156
increasing anthraquinone production by overexpression of 1-deoxy-d: -xylulose-5-phosphate synthase in transgenic cell suspension cultures of morinda citrifolia.a morinda citrifolia cell line was obtained by overexpresion of 1-deoxy-d: -xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (dxs) from catharanthus roseus, a key enzyme of the metabolic pathway of anthraquinones (aqs). this cell line increased aqs production by about 24% compared to the control cell line. this transgenic cell line which carries dxs cdna isolated from catharanthus roseus, was achieved by direct transformation of cell suspension cultures of m. citrifolia using a hypervirulent agrobacterium tumefaci ...201020349334
biochemical and epigenetic changes in phytoplasma-recovered periwinkle after indole-3-butyric acid treatment.to elucidate the possible mechanism of phytoplasma elimination from periwinkle shoots caused by indole-3-butyric acid (iba) treatment.201020796083
overexpression of g10h and orca3 in the hairy roots of catharanthus roseus improves catharanthine production.a number of genes that function in the terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) biosynthesis pathway have been identified in catharanthus roseus. except for the geraniol 10-hydroxylase (g10h) gene, which encodes a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase, several of these genes are up-regulated by orca3, a jasmonate-responsive apetala2 (ap2)-domain transcript factor. in this study, the g10h gene was transformed independently, or co-transformed with orca3 into c. roseus, using agrobacterium rhizogenes msu440. hair ...201020535474
effect of loss of t-dna genes on mia biosynthetic pathway gene regulation and alkaloid accumulation in catharanthus roseus hairy roots.hairy roots are generated by integration of t-dna in host plant genome from root inducing (ri) plasmid of agrobacterium rhizogenes and have been utilized for production of secondary metabolites in different plant systems. in catharanthus roseus, hairy roots are known to show different morphologies, growth patterns, and alkaloid contents. it is also known that during transformation, there is a differential loss of a few t-dna genes. to decipher the effect of loss of t-dna genes on the various asp ...201020625736
biotransformation of artemisinin using cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus (l.) g.don and lavandula officinalis l.artemisinin, an antimalarial compound, at 5 mg/40 ml, was transformed by cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus (l.) g.don and lavandula officinalis l. into deoxyartemisinin with yields >78% (3.93 mg deoxyartemisinin from 5 mg artemisinin). maximum conversion (78.6 and 78%) occurred after 6 and 7 days of adding artemisinin to 20 and 9 days old cultures of c. roseus and l. officinalis, respectively. the procedure was scaled up by and 500 mg artemisinin was transformed into 390 mg deoxyar ...201020369274
response of mycorrhizal periwinkle plants to aster yellows phytoplasma infection.the objective of our research was to assess if arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungal colonization can modify the effect of infection by two aster yellows phytoplasma strains (ay1, aysim) in catharanthus roseus plants. both phytoplasma strains had a negative effect on the root fresh weight, but they differed in symptoms appearance and in their influence on photosynthetic and transpiration rates of the periwinkle plants. am plants showed significantly reduced shoot fresh weight, while the transpirati ...201019756778
zoospore interspecific signaling promotes plant infection by phytophthora.oomycetes attack a huge variety of economically and ecologically important plants. these pathogens release, detect and respond to signal molecules to coordinate their communal behaviors including the infection process. when signal molecules are present at or above threshold level, single zoospores can infect plants. however, at the beginning of a growing season population densities of individual species are likely below those required to reach a quorum and produce threshold levels of signal mole ...201021138563
zoospore density-dependent behaviors of phytophthora nicotianae are autoregulated by extracellular products.phytophthora species are destructive fungus-like plant pathogens that use asexual single-celled flagellate zoospores for dispersal and plant infection. many of the zoospore behaviors are density-dependent although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. here, we use p. nicotianae as a model and demonstrate autoregulation of some zoospore behaviors using signal molecules that zoospores release into the environment. specifically, zoospore aggregation, plant targeting, and infection requir ...201020528180
vinca drug components accumulate exclusively in leaf exudates of madagascar periwinkle.the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) continue to be the most important source of natural drugs in chemotherapy treatments for a range of human cancers. these anticancer drugs are derived from the coupling of catharanthine and vindoline to yield powerful dimeric mias that prevent cell division. however the precise mechanisms for their assembly within plants remain obscure. here we report that the complex development-, environment-, organ-, and c ...201020696903
screening molecules for control of citrus huanglongbing using an optimized regeneration system for 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus'-infected periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) cuttings.citrus huanglongbing is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. the disease is associated with three different species of 'candidatus liberibacter', of which 'ca. l. asiaticus' is the most widely distributed. an optimized system using 'ca. l. asiaticus'-infected periwinkle cuttings was developed to screen chemical compounds effective for controlling the bacterial population while simultaneously assessing their phytotoxicity. the optimal regeneration conditions were determined t ...201020128697
cloning and functional analysis of geraniol 10-hydroxylase, a cytochrome p450 from swertia mussotii franch.swertia mussotii franch has anti-hepatitis activity and contains a high level of iridoid monoterpenoids. the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (cyp) geraniol 10-hydroxylase (g10h) is thought to play an important role in iridoid monoterpenoid and indole alkaloid biosynthesis. here we report the isolation of a full-length cdna clone of s. mussotii g10h (smg10h). the predicted gene product was a 496 residue protein designated cyp76b10, the sequence of which was highly similar to that of the cyp76 famil ...201020699579
effects of hydrostatic pressure, agitation and co2 stress on phytophthora nicotianae zoospore survival.phytophthora nicotianae breda de haan is a common pathogen of ornamental plants in recycled irrigation systems. in a previous study, annual vinca (catharanthus roseus don) inoculated with zoospore suspensions using a co(2)-pressurized sprayer had less foliage blight than plants inoculated using a hand sprayer. here, the impact of hydrostatic pressure, agitation and aeration with co(2) on the survival of p. nicotianae zoospores was examined.201020201053
simple and reproducible hplc-dad-esi-ms/ms analysis of alkaloids in catharanthus roseus roots.catharanthus roseus is one of the most important medicinal plants worldwide. the leaves of this species are the only source of the indolomonoterpenic alkaloids vincristin (leurocristine) and vinblastin (vincaleucoblastine), whose anticancer activity represents powerful therapeutics to many diseases, such as hodgkin lymphoma. usually, the remaining plant parts go to waste. here we describe a phytochemical study on this species roots. alkaloids in aqueous extracts, the usual form of consumption of ...201019720492
effect of glomus species on physiology and biochemistry of catharanthus roseus.the present study on efficacy of different glomus species, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus (g. aggregatum, g. fasciculatum, g. mosseae, g. intraradices) on various growth parameters such as biomass, macro and micronutrients, chlorophyll, protein, cytokinin and alkaloid content and phosphatase activity of pink flowered catharanthus roseus plants showed that all glomus species except g. intraradices enhanced the chlorophyll, protein, crude alkaloid, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese and copper ...201023100853
strictosidine activation in apocynaceae: towards a "nuclear time bomb"?the first two enzymatic steps of monoterpene indole alkaloid (mia) biosynthetic pathway are catalysed by strictosidine synthase (str) that condensates tryptamine and secologanin to form strictosidine and by strictosidine beta-d-glucosidase (sgd) that subsequently hydrolyses the glucose moiety of strictosidine. the resulting unstable aglycon is rapidly converted into a highly reactive dialdehyde, from which more than 2,000 mias are derived. many studies were conducted to elucidate the biosynthesi ...201020723215
transcriptional response of the catharanthine biosynthesis pathway to methyl jasmonate/nitric oxide elicitation in catharanthus roseus hairy root culture.jasmonates and nitric oxide (no) play important roles in the regulation of the signaling network leading to the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. in this work, we explore the effect of constitutive overexpression of crorca3 (octadecanoid-responsive catharanthus ap2/erf domain), methyl jasmonate (meja), and sodium nitroprusside (snp) on the differentiated tissue of catharanthus roseus hairy roots. the changes in catharanthine concentration and in the levels of mrna transcripts of pathw ...201020714717
uv-b induced transcript accumulation of dahp synthase in suspension-cultured catharanthus roseus cells.the enzyme 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (dahp) synthase (ec 4.1.2.15) catalyzes the first committed step in the shikimate pathway of tryptophan synthesis, an important precursor for the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias). a full-length cdna encoding nuclear coded chloroplast-specific dahp synthase transcript was isolated from a catharanthus roseus cdna library. this had high sequence similarity with other members of plant dahp synthase family. this transcript accumula ...201020704760
cytotoxicity of vinca minor.vinca minor l. (apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant that has long been used to treat cerebral and memory disorders in european folk medicine. furthermore, it contains more than 50 alkaloids, some of them having bisindole structure such as the antineoplastic alkaloids present in catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (apocynaceae). in this study, the plant's alkaloid extract was divided into three fractions and the cytotoxic effects on cell proliferation of ht-29, caco-2, t47d, and nih/3t3 cell lines were ...201020645762
medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in northern maputaland, kwazulu-natal province, south africa.to document the ethnobotanical knowledge on antidiarrhoeal plant use by lay people in a rural community in northern maputaland.201020452415
synthesis of anti-tumor dimeric indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus was promoted by irradiation with near-ultraviolet light at low temperature.we have found that coupling between catharanthine and vindoline occurs non-enzymatically in the presence of flavin mononucleotide and manganese ions with near-ultraviolet light irradiation in vitro. the present study found that the concentrations of catharanthine and vindoline in catharanthus roseus decreased and those of dimeric indole alkaloids increased under near-ultraviolet light at 4 degrees c. it indicates that this coupling reaction at 4 degrees c occurs non-enzymatically.201020139608
[distribution and accumulation of vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine in catharanthus roseus cultivated in china].the content of vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine in the root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of catharanthus roseus at various developmental stages were determined, and the biomass allocation was also determined to find the best harvest time.201021355225
[monomeric indole alkaloids from the aerial parts of catharanthus roseus].catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a plant of the catharanthus genus of apocynaceae which has been reported to have therapeutic effects of detoxication and anticancer. in order to further study the alkaloid constituents of c. roseus, the aerial parts of the plant were extracted with 95% etoh, and then treated with 2% h2so4 and nh3h2o to obtain total alkaloids. the total alkaloids were separated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel and prepared by high performance liquid chromato ...201021355212
three non-autonomous signals collaborate for nuclear targeting of crmyc2, a catharanthus roseus bhlh transcription factor.crmyc2 is an early jasmonate-responsive bhlh transcription factor involved in the regulation of the expression of the genes of the terpenic indole alkaloid biosynthesis pathway in catharanthus roseus. in this paper, we identified the amino acid domains necessary for the nuclear targeting of crmyc2.201021073696
isolation and functional analysis of the catharanthus roseus deacetylvindoline-4-o-acetyltransferase gene promoter.madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) produces many therapeutically valuable terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias), such as vinblastine and vincristine derived from the monomers vindoline and catharanthine. deacetylvindoline-4-o-acetyltransferase (dat) is a key enzyme for the terminal step of vindoline biosynthesis. in this research, the dat gene promoter was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. an approximately 1,773 bp genomic dna fragment of dat promoter was obtained. sequence analysis revealed ...201020035334
catharanthus roseus aqueous extract is cytotoxic to jurkat leukaemic t-cells but induces the proliferation of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells.research on natural products has been widely used as a strategy to discover new drugs with potential for applications in complementary medicines because they have fewer side effects than conventional drugs. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of crude aqueous catharanthus roseus extract on jurkat cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). the aqueous extract was standardised to vinblastine by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) ...201024575203
influence of some heavy metals on growth, alkaloid content and composition in catharanthus roseus l.shoot biomass production, alkaloid content and composition as influence by cadmium, manganese, nickel and lead at uniform dose of 5 mm were investigated in catharanthus roseus plants grown in sand culture. treatment with mn, ni, and pb significantly enhanced total root alkaloid accumulation. cd and ni treatment resulted in two-fold where as pb treatment resulted in three fold increase in serpentine content of roots. the non-significant affect on biomass suggests that plants can withstand metal s ...201021969751
catharanthus roseus: a natural source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.to develop a simple rapid procedure for bioreduction of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using aqueous leaves extracts of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus).201123569773
development of ssr and gene-targeted markers for construction of a framework linkage map of catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus is a plant of great medicinal importance, yet inadequate knowledge of its genome structure and the unavailability of genomic resources have been major impediments in the development of improved varieties. the aims of this study were to develop co-dominant sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (stms) and gene-targeted markers (gtms) and utilize them for the construction of a framework intraspecific linkage map of c. roseus.201121788377
simultaneous determination of vinblastine and its monomeric precursors vindoline and catharanthine in catharanthus roseus by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.catharanthus roseus is an important dicotyledonous medicinal plant that contains various anticancer components, such as vinblastine (vlb) and its monomeric precursors (vindoline and catharanthine). a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (ce-ms) approach for the simultaneous determination of three components was developed in this work. baseline separation for three components was achieved by using a running buffer consisting of 20 mm ammonium acetate and 1.5% acetic acid in <20 min. quanti ...201121735550
two pairs of epimeric indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus.two pairs of epimeric indole alkaloids (1- 4) with a chlorine atom were isolated from the aerial part of catharanthus roseus. their structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data including uv, ir, hresims, nmr, and x-ray diffraction analyses. the cytotoxic activities of 1-4 against the hepg2 cell line were evaluated.201121544775
simultaneous quantification of four indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus cell line c20hi by uplc-ms.an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method to simultaneously quantify vindoline, catharanthine, serpentine and ajmalicine in catharanthus roseus cell line c20hi is reported. samples were extracted with 1% acetic acid, basified to ph 10 with ammonia, then extracted with ethyl acetate, dried, reconstituted with methanol-1% acetic acid water solution (1:1, v/v) and analyzed using an acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid gradient as the mobile phase. detection was carried out by ele ...201121478621
enhancement of vindoline production in suspension culture of the catharanthus roseus cell line c20hi by light and methyl jasmonate elicitation.the effects of light and methyl jasmonate (mj) on the transcription of biosynthetic genes as well as the accumulation of vindoline and catharanthine in catharanthus roseus c20hi cell suspensions were studied. t16h (the gene encoding tabersonine 16-hydroxylase) could be induced by light and mj, whereas d4h (the gene encoding deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase) could only be induced by light. quantification by uplc-ms showed that light significantly increased vindoline production in c20hi cells by a ...201122156254
basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis.transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) family play a central role in cell proliferation, determination, and differentiation. in plants, the regulatory functions of bhlhs in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis have been well established with regard to other interacting-proteins; i.e., myb and wd40 repeat proteins. on the other hand, those in alkaloid biosynthesis are greatly limited due to the limited distribution of alkaloids in plant species. recently, several groups have reported ...201122067108
reengineering a tryptophan halogenase to preferentially chlorinate a direct alkaloid precursor.installing halogens onto natural products can generate compounds with novel or improved properties. notably, enzymatic halogenation is now possible as a result of the discovery of several classes of halogenases; however, applications are limited because of the narrow substrate specificity of these enzymes. here we demonstrate that the flavin-dependent halogenase rebh can be engineered to install chlorine preferentially onto tryptamine rather than the native substrate tryptophan. tryptamine is a ...201122050348
the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor crmyc2 controls the jasmonate-responsive expression of the orca genes that regulate alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus.jasmonates are plant signalling molecules that play key roles in defence against insects and certain pathogens, among others by controlling the biosynthesis of protective secondary metabolites. in catharanthus roseus, the ap2/erf-domain transcription factor orca3 controls the jasmonate-responsive expression of several genes encoding enzymes involved in terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. orca3 gene expression is itself induced by jasmonate. the orca3 promoter contains an autonomous jasmonate ...201121401746
exploiting est databases for the mining and characterization of short sequence repeat (ssr) markers in catharanthus roseus l.periwinkle (catharanthus roseus l.) (family: apocyanaceae) is a ornamental plants with great medicinal properties. although it is represented by seven species, little work has been carried out on its genetic characterization due to non-availability of reliable molecular markers. simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have been widely applied as molecular markers in genetic studies. with the rapid increase in the deposition of nucleotide sequences in the public databases and advent of bioinformatics tool ...201121383904
slowly developing drought stress increases photosynthetic acclimation of catharanthus roseus.our understanding of plant responses to drought has improved over the decades. however, the importance of the rate of drought imposition on the response is still poorly understood. to test the importance of the rate at which drought stress develops, whole-plant photosynthesis (p(net) ), respiration (r(dark) ), daily carbon gain (dcg), daily evapotranspiration (det) and water use efficiency (wue) of vinca (catharanthus roseus), subjected to different drought imposition rates, were investigated. w ...201121645003
three new terpenoid indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus.three new terpenoid indole alkaloids, vidolicine (1), normacusine b n-oxide (2), and lochnerine n-oxide (3), together with seven known ones (4-10), were isolated from whole plants of catharanthus roseus. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (nmr, ms, uv, and ir). cytotoxic activities of these isolates (1-10) were evaluated, but only compound 8 was active against hl-60, smmc-7721, and a549 cell lines.201121104604
molecular cloning and characterisation of two calmodulin isoforms of the madagascar periwinkle catharanthus roseus.involvement of ca(2+) signalling in regulation of the biosynthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids (mia) in catharanthus roseus has been extensively studied in recent years, albeit no protein of this signalling pathway has been isolated. using a pcr strategy, two c. roseus cdnas encoding distinct calmodulin (cam) isoforms were cloned and named cam1 and cam2. the deduced 149 amino acid sequences possess four ca(2+) binding domains and exhibit a close identity with arabidopsis cam isoforms (>91%). ...201121143723
synthesis and study of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the specific extraction of indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus extracts.two molecularly imprinted polymers (mip) for catharanthine and vindoline have been synthesized in order to specifically extract these natural indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus by solid-phase extraction (spe). each mip was prepared by thermal polymerisation using catharanthine (or vindoline) as template, methacrylic acid (or itaconic acid) as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (edma) as cross-linking agent and acetonitrile (or acetone) as porogenic solvent. for catharanthi ...201121167971
the expression of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose synthase and geraniol-10-hydroxylase or anthranilate synthase increases terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation in catharanthus roseus hairy roots.the terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) pathway in catharanthus roseus produces two important anticancer drugs, vinblastine and vincristine, in very low yields. this study focuses on overexpressing several key genes in the upper part of the tia pathway in order to increase flux toward downstream metabolites within hairy root cultures. specifically, we constructed hairy root lines with inducible overexpression of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose synthase (dxs) or geraniol-10-hydroxylase (g10h). we also constructed ...201121144909
new method to enhance ajmalicine production in catharanthus roseus cell cultures based on the use of cyclodextrins.the joint use of cyclodextrins and methyljasmonate, when accompanied by a short exposure to uv, enhanced extracellular ajmalicine accumulation to 1040 ± 26.6 mg/l in suspension cultured cells of catharanthus roseus. the success of this strategy is due to the use of cyclodextrins, which not only induce ajmalicine biosynthesis but also promote adduct formation. this removes ajmalicine from the medium, reduces feedback inhibition and ajmalicine degradation, and allows its accumulation in the cultur ...201120953668
identification of phenolic compounds in isolated vacuoles of the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus and their interaction with vacuolar class iii peroxidase: an h₂o₂ affair?class iii peroxidases (prxs) are plant enzymes capable of using h(2)o(2) to oxidize a range of plant secondary metabolites, notably phenolic compounds. these enzymes are localized in the cell wall or in the vacuole, which is a target for secondary metabolite accumulation, but very little is known about the function of vacuolar prxs. here, the physiological role of the main leaf vacuolar prx of the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus, crprx1, was further investigated namely by studying its capaci ...201121357771
cloning and characterization of two new class iii peroxidase genes from catharanthus roseus.we report here the cloning and characterization of two new class iii peroxidase genes, crprx3 and crprx4 from catharanthus roseus. the full length cdna of crprx3 is 1233 bp long encoding 330 amino acid residues. the crprx4 cdna contains an orf of 1055 bp, and encodes for 318 amino acids. hypothetical 3-d structure model of crprx3 and crprx4 detected the presence of two ca(2+) ion binding sites at proximal and distal end, and a heme group coordinate at central position. crprx3 and crprx4 are pres ...201121320785
overexpression of an apoplastic peroxidase gene crprx in transgenic hairy root lines of catharanthus roseus.peroxidases are a family of isoenzymes found in all higher plants and are known to be involved in a broad range of physiological processes. however, very little information is available concerning their role in catharanthus roseus. the present study describes the impact of both overexpression and suppression of a peroxidase gene, crprx in c. roseus transgenic hairy root lines. real-time pcr analysis in 35s-crprx and crprx-rnai transgenic lines indicated differential transcript profile for peroxi ...201121318361
methyl jasmonate induces atp biosynthesis deficiency and accumulation of proteins related to secondary metabolism in catharanthus roseus (l.) g. hairy roots.jasmonates are specific signal molecules in plants that are involved in a diverse set of physiological and developmental processes. however, methyl jasmonate (meja) has been shown to have a negative effect on root growth and, so far, the biochemical mechanism for this is unknown. using catharanthus roseus hairy roots, we were able to observe the effect of meja on growth inhibition, cell disorganization and cell death of the root cap. hairy roots treated with meja induced the perturbation of mito ...201121727181
screening 64 cultivars catharanthus roseus for the production of vindoline, catharanthine, and serpentine.the leaves of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. are a valuable source of the terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) anticancer drugs, vinblastine and vincristine. in particular, the precursor molecules vindoline and catharanthine are harvested from leaves and used for the semisynthetic production of vinblastine and vincristine. because of this application, catharanthine and vindoline can be used to screen for high-yielding tia cultivars. in this study, we compared the tia concentrations in the leaves of ...201121674816
induction and flow cytometry identification of tetraploids from seed-derived explants through colchicine treatments in catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.the tetraploid plants of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don was obtained by colchicine induction from seeds explants, and the ploidy of the plants was identified by flow cytometry. the optimal treatment is 0.2% colchicine solution treated for 24 hours, and the induction rate reaches up to 30%. comparing with morphological characteristics and growth habits between tetraploids and the control, we found that tetraploids of c. roseus had larger stoma and more branches and leaves. hplc analysis showed t ...201121660143
the jasmonate-responsive element from the orca3 promoter from catharanthus roseus is active in arabidopsis and is controlled by the transcription factor atmyc2.jasmonates are plant signaling molecules that play key roles in protection against certain pathogens and against insects by switching on the expression of genes encoding defense proteins including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of toxic secondary metabolites. in catharanthus roseus, the ethylene response factor (erf) transcription factor orca3 controls the jasmonate-responsive activation of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes. orca3 gene expression is itself induced by jasmonate. ...201121306988
over-expression of hmg-coa reductase and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase genes in artemisia annua l. and its influence on artemisinin content.artemisinin, an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone, is a novel antimalarial natural product isolated from artemisia annua l. plants. the low concentrations (0.01-1.1%) of this compound in a. annua l. plants is, however, a major constraint for commercialization of artemisinin-based combination therapies (acts) recommended by who for treating malaria caused by multidrug-resistant p. falciparum sp. in this context, in vivo yield improvement programs were undertaken by us. in the present study, hmg- ...201121655998
the subcellular organization of strictosidine biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus epidermis highlights several trans-tonoplast translocations of intermediate metabolites.catharanthus roseus synthesizes a wide range of valuable monoterpene indole alkaloids, some of which have recently been recognized as functioning in plant defence mechanisms. more specifically, in aerial organ epidermal cells, vacuole-accumulated strictosidine displays a dual fate, being either the precursor of all monoterpene indole alkaloids after export from the vacuole, or the substrate for a defence mechanism based on the massive protein cross-linking, which occurs subsequent to organelle m ...201121205206
potent α-amylase inhibitory activity of indian ayurvedic medicinal plants.indian medicinal plants used in the ayurvedic traditional system to treat diabetes are a valuable source of novel anti-diabetic agents. pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower the levels of post-prandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown. in this study, seventeen indian medicinal plants with known hypoglycemic properties were subjected to sequential solvent extraction and tested for α-amylase inhibition, in order to assess and evaluate their inhibitory po ...201121251279
profile of aldose reductase inhibition, anti-cataract and free radical scavenging activity of selected medicinal plants: an attempt to standardize the botanicals for amelioration of diabetes complications.phytotherapy has played an important role in the management of diabetes and related complications. in the present study different fractions of catharanthus roseus l. (apocynaceae), ocimum sanctum l. (labiatae), tinospora cordifolia willd. (menispermaceae), aegle marmelos l. (rutaceae), ficus golmerata l. (moraceae), psoralea corlifolia l. (fabaceae), tribulus terrestris l. (zygophyllaceae), and morinda cetrifolia l. (rubiaceae) were evaluated as possible inhibitors of aldose reductase (ar: a key ...201121570444
gene expression profiling of phytoplasma-infected madagascar periwinkle leaves using differential display.phytoplasmas are small (0.2-0.8 μm), wall-less, pleiomorphic prokaryotes responsible of numerous economically important plant diseases. they are characterized by a very small genome and are obligate parasites of phloem tissues and some insects that act as vectors of infection. to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis, the differential display technique was here applied to identify plant genes whose transcription was significantly altered in leaves of madagascar periwinkle (ca ...201120127177
antiproliferative and phytochemical analyses of leaf extracts of ten apocynaceae species.the anticancer properties of apocynaceae species are well known in barks and roots but less so in leaves.201121772753
characterization and subcellular localization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from catharanthus roseus.the enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (ggps: ec 2.5.1.1, ec 2.5.1.10, ec 2.5.1.29) catalyses the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate via three successive condensation reactions. a full-length nucleotide sequence of ggps (named crggps) was cloned from the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus. the deduced polypeptide has 383 amino acids with a calculated mass of 41.6-ákda and possesses prenyltransferase signatures charac ...201121706164
a stereoselective hydroxylation step of alkaloid biosynthesis by a unique cytochrome p450 in catharanthus roseus.plant cytochrome p450s are involved in the production of over a hundred thousand metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. although cytochrome p450 genes constitute one of the largest superfamilies in plants, many of the catalytic functions of the enzymes they encode remain unknown. here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a cytochrome p450 gene in a new subfamily of cyp71, cyp71bj1, involved in alkaloid biosynthesis. co-expression analysis of ...201121454651
phytoplasma-induced floral abnormalities in catharanthus roseus are associated with phytoplasma accumulation and transcript repression of floral organ identity genes.floral symptoms caused by phytoplasma largely resemble floral reversion in other plants. periwinkle leaf yellowing (ply) phytoplasma and peanut witches'-broom (pnwb) phytoplasma caused different degrees of floral abnormalities on infected periwinkle plants. the ply phytoplasma-infected plants exhibited floral discoloration, virescence, small flowers, and only occasionally full floral reversion. in contrast, pnwb phytoplasma frequently induced complete floral reversion and resulted in a witches'- ...201121864044
functional expression of geraniol 10-hydroxylase reveals its dual function in the biosynthesis of terpenoid and phenylpropanoid.geraniol 10-hydroxylase (g10h), a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase, has been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. the gene for catharanthus roseus g10h (crg10h) was cloned and heterologously expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. a number of substrates were subjected to assay the enzyme activity of crg10h. as reported in a previous study, crg10h hydroxylated the monoterpenoid geraniol at the c-10 position to generate 10-hydroxygeraniol. interestingly, ...201121504162
evaluation of catharanthus roseus leaf extract-mediated biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles against hippobosca maculata and bovicola ovis.the purpose of the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio(2) nps) utilizing leaf aqueous extract of catharanthus roseus against the adults of hematophagous fly, hippobosca maculata leach (diptera: hippoboscidae), and sheep-biting louse, bovicola ovis schrank (phthiraptera: trichodectidae). the synthesized tio(2) nps were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), scanning ...201121987105
the transcription factor crwrky1 positively regulates the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus produces a large array of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) that are an important source of natural or semisynthetic anticancer drugs. the biosynthesis of tias is tissue specific and induced by certain phytohormones and fungal elicitors, indicating the involvement of a complex transcriptional control network. however, the transcriptional regulation of the tia pathway is poorly understood. here, we describe a c. roseus wrky transcription factor, crwrky1, that is preferentially ...201121988879
a virus-induced gene silencing approach to understanding alkaloid metabolism in catharanthus roseus.the anticancer agents vinblastine and vincristine are bisindole alkaloids derived from coupling vindoline and catharanthine, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids produced exclusively by the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus). industrial production of vinblastine and vincristine currently relies on isolation from c. roseus leaves, a process that affords these compounds in 0.0003-0.01% yields. metabolic engineering efforts to either improve alkaloid content or provide alternative sources of the ...201121802100
differential patterns of dehydroabietic acid biotransformation by nicotiana tabacum and catharanthus roseus cells.the aim of this study was to use whole cell catalysts as tools for modification of selected resin acids in order to obtain value-added functional derivatives. the enzymatic bioconversion capacities of two plant species were tested towards dehydroabietic acid. dehydroabietic acid (dha) is an abundant resin acid in conifers, representing a natural wood protectant. it is also one of the constituents found in by-products of the kraft chemical pulping industry. dha was fed to tobacco (nicotiana tabac ...201122178236
soybean transcription factor gmmybz2 represses catharanthine biosynthesis in hairy roots of catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a plant species known for its production of a variety of terpenoid indole alkaloids, many of which have pharmacological activities. production of catharanthine in cell cultures or in hairy roots established by transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes is of interest because catharanthine can be chemically coupled to the abundant leaf alkaloid vindoline to form the valuable anticancer drug vinblastine. here, we observed a high amount of catharanthine in hairy ...201121590290
functional analysis of the dat gene promoter using transient catharanthus roseus and stable nicotiana tabacum transformation systems.the catharanthus roseus dat gene encodes the enzyme acetyl-coa:deacetylvindoline-4-o-acetyltransferase involved in the last step of the indole alkaloid pathway leading to vindoline. this gene is characterized by specific cell type expression in idioblasts and laticifers. to understand the specific transcriptional regulation mechanism(s) of dat, several dat promoter gus constructs were cloned into pcambia1305.1. agroinfiltration of different explant types of c. roseus resulted in organ-specific a ...201121308469
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transgenic plant production via direct shoot bud organogenesis from pre-plasmolyzed leaf explants of catharanthus roseus.production of agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transgenic plants, via direct shoot bud organogenesis from leaves of catharanthus roseus, is reported. a. tumefaciens harbouring the plasmid pbi121 with gus gene uida and kanamycin resistance gene nptii was used. highest transformation efficiency of 1.4 transgenic shoots/responded explant was obtained when pre-plasmolysed leaves, pre-incubated on shoot bud induction medium for 10 days, were subjected to sonication for 30 s prior to transformation. ...201121207108
molecular docking and pharmacogenomics of vinca alkaloids and their monomeric precursors, vindoline and catharanthine.vinblastine and vincristine are dimeric indole alkaloids derived from catharanthus roseus (formerly: vinca rosea). their monomeric precursor molecules are vindoline and catharanthine. while vinblastine and vincristine are well-known mitotic spindle poisons, not much is known about vindoline and catharanthine. vindoline and catharanthine showed weak cytotoxicity, while vinblastine, vincristine, and the semisynthetic vindesine and vinorelbine revealed high cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. this m ...201121219884
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