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completion of the seven-step pathway from tabersonine to the anticancer drug precursor vindoline and its assembly in yeast.antitumor substances related to vinblastine and vincristine are exclusively found in the catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle), a member of the apocynaceae plant family, and continue to be extensively used in cancer chemotherapy. although in high demand, these valuable compounds only accumulate in trace amounts in c. roseus leaves. vinblastine and vincristine are condensed from the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (mia) precursors catharanthine and vindoline. although catharanthine biosynthes ...201525918424
synthesis of silver nanoparticles using catharanthus roseus root extract and its larvicidal effects.phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness and being a novel method has an eco-friendly approach. biological activity of root extracts as well as synthesized silver nanoparticles of catharanthus roseus were evaluated against larvae of aedes aegyptiand culex quinquefasciatus. the structure and proportion of the synthesized nanoparticles was defined by exploitation ultraviolet spectrophotometry, x-ray ...201526688962
useful ethnophytomedicinal recipes of angiosperms used against diabetes in south east asian countries (india, pakistan & sri lanka).this paper is based on data recorded from various literatures pertaining to ethnophytomedicinal recipes used against diabetes in south east asia (india, pakistan and srilanka). traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. in total 419 useful phytorecipes of 270 plant species belonging to 74 angiospermic families were collected. from the review it was revealed that plants showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belong to the families, cucurb ...201425176368
virus-induced gene silencing identifies catharanthus roseus 7-deoxyloganic acid-7-hydroxylase, a step in iridoid and monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.iridoids are a major group of biologically active molecules that are present in thousands of plant species, and one versatile iridoid, secologanin, is a precursor for the assembly of thousands of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) as well as a number of quinoline alkaloids. this study uses bioinformatics to screen large databases of annotated transcripts from various mia-producing plant species to select candidate genes that may be involved in iridoid biosynthesis. virus-induced gene silencin ...201324103035
[identification and expression analysis of wrky transcription factors in medicinal plant catharanthus roseus].wrky transcription factors, one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants, involve in multiple life activities including plant growth and development as well as stress responses. however, little is known about the types and functions of wrky transcription factors in catharanthus roseus, an important medicinal plant. in this study, we identified 47 crwrky transcriptional factors from 26 009 proteins in catharanthus roseus, and classified them into three distinct groups (g1, ...201324063238
exotic and indigenous problem plants species used, by the bapedi, to treat sexually transmitted infections in limpopo province, south africa.the ethnic usage of exotics and indigenous problem plants is a highly debated topic, as legislative requirements over-shadow their potential medicinal value, particularly to treat sexually transmitted infections (stis). limited information exists regarding their medicinal value among the bapedi.201324235930
catharanthus roseus mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 confers uv and heat tolerance to saccharomyces cerevisiae.catharanthus roseus is an important source of pharmaceutically important monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias). accumulation of many of the mias is induced in response to abiotic stresses such as wound, ultra violet (uv) irradiations, etc. recently, we have demonstrated a possible role of crmpk3, a c. roseus mitogen-activated protein kinase in stress-induced accumulation of a few mias. here, we extend our findings using saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the role of crmpk3 in giving toleran ...201323221751
molecular characterization of the pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant and the sole commercial source of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mia), anticancer compounds. recently, triterpenoids like ursolic acid and oleanolic acid have also been found in considerable amounts in c. roseus leaf cuticular wax layer. these simple pentacyclic triterpenoids exhibit various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-microbial properties. using the est collection from c. roseus leaf epidermome ( ...201222837051
ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used by patients with psoriasis in the west bank of palestine.psoriasis is a frequent skin inflammatory disorder that inflicts millions of patients around the globe. to meet their healthcare needs, patients with psoriasis often seek treatment outside the allopathic paradigm. use of medicinal plants has emerged as one of the most common and preferred modalities of complementary and alternative medicine (cam). the aim of this study was to investigate the use of medicinal plants by patients with psoriasis in the west bank of palestine.201728049474
virus-induced gene silencing in rauwolfia species.elucidation of the monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis has recently progressed in apocynaceae through the concomitant development of transcriptomic analyses and reverse genetic approaches performed by virus-induced gene silencing (vigs). while most of these tools have been primarily adapted for the madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus), the vigs procedure has scarcely been used on other apocynaceae species. for instance, rauwolfia sp. constitutes a unique source of specific and valuab ...201728120101
virus-induced gene silencing in catharanthus roseus by biolistic inoculation of tobacco rattle virus vectors.catharanthus roseus constitutes the unique source of several valuable monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including the antineoplastics vinblastine and vincristine. these alkaloids result from a complex biosynthetic pathway encompassing between 30 and 50 enzymatic steps whose characterisation is still underway. the most recent identifications of genes from this pathway relied on a tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) approach, involving an agrobacterium-mediated inoculation ...201526284695
creation of a metabolic sink for tryptophan alters the phenylpropanoid pathway and the susceptibility of potato to phytophthora infestans.the creation of artificial metabolic sinks in plants by genetic engineering of key branch points may have serious consequences for the metabolic pathways being modified. the introduction into potato of a gene encoding tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc) isolated from catharanthus roseus drastically altered the balance of key substrate and product pools involved in the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways. transgenic potato tubers expressing the tdc gene accumulated tryptamine, the immediate decarbo ...199512242360
molecular interaction of selected phytochemicals under the charged environment of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) model.phytochemicals of catharanthus roseus linn. and tylophora indica have been known for their inhibition of malarial parasite, plasmodium falciparum in cell culture. resistance to chloroquine (cq), a widely used antimalarial drug, is due to the cq resistance transporter (crt) system. the present study deals with computational modeling of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) protein and development of charged environment to mimic a condition of resistance. the model of pf ...201625783783
a review of commercially important african medicinal plants.data on the relative importance and research status of commercially relevant african medicinal plants are needed for developing new research strategies in order to stimulate much-needed ethnopharmacological research and to promote the commercialization of african plants.201526498493
antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants from chhotanagpur plateau, jharkhand, india.the alarmingly increasing problem of drug resistance in treatment of malaria has led to an urgent need for identifying new anti-malarial drugs for both prophylaxis and chemotherapy.201525721804
engineering of a nepetalactol-producing platform strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of plant seco-iridoids.the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) are a valuable family of chemicals that include the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. these compounds are of global significance-appearing on the world health organization's list of model essential medicines-but remain exorbitantly priced due to low in planta levels. chemical synthesis and genetic manipulation of mia producing plants such as catharanthus roseus have so far failed to find a solution to this problem. synthetic biology holds a pot ...201626981892
prequels to synthetic biology: from candidate gene identification and validation to enzyme subcellular localization in plant and yeast cells.natural compounds extracted from microorganisms or plants constitute an inexhaustible source of valuable molecules whose supply can be potentially challenged by limitations in biological sourcing. the recent progress in synthetic biology combined to the increasing access to extensive transcriptomics and genomics data now provide new alternatives to produce these molecules by transferring their whole biosynthetic pathway in heterologous production platforms such as yeasts or bacteria. while the g ...201627480687
analyses of catharanthus roseus and arabidopsis thaliana wrky transcription factors reveal involvement in jasmonate signaling.to combat infection to biotic stress plants elicit the biosynthesis of numerous natural products, many of which are valuable pharmaceutical compounds. jasmonate is a central regulator of defense response to pathogens and accumulation of specialized metabolites. catharanthus roseus produces a large number of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) and is an excellent model for understanding the regulation of this class of valuable compounds. recent work illustrates a possible role for the catharanthus ...201424950738
transcription factor agamous-like 12 from arabidopsis promotes tissue-like organization and alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus suspension cells.in catharanthus roseus, monomeric terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) are biosynthesized in specific tissues, particularly in roots, but failed to be produced by in vitro undifferentiated suspension cells. in this paper, we describe the impact of the root-specific mads-box transcription factor agamous-like 12 (agl12) from arabidopsis thaliana on the differentiation of suspension cells from c. roseus. the expression of agl12 is sufficient to promote an organization of suspension cells into globular ...200717157545
divergent dna-binding specificities of a group of ethylene response factor transcription factors involved in plant defense.transcription factors (tfs) recognize target dna sequences with distinct dna-binding domains (dbds). the dbd of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ethylene response factor1 (aterf1) uses three consecutive β-strands to recognize a gcc-containing sequence, but tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) erf189 and periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) octadecanoid-derivative responsive catharanthus ap2-domain protein3 (orca3) of the same tf subgroup appear to target similar but divergent dna sequences. here, we examin ...201323629834
visualization of vacuoplasts in isolated vacuole preparations from mesophyll protoplasts of periwinkle [catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don].a procedure was developed for the rapid detection of vacuoplasts in vacuole preparations isolated from mesophyll protoplasts of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (periwinkle). the procedure relies on the staining of surface carbohydrates on the plasma membrane surrounding vacuoplasts with fluorescein-labeled lectins. when isolated under conditions of constant osmotic strength, approximately 15-20% of the vacuoles isolated showed surface labeling with fitc-agglutinin from abrus precatorius. isolati ...199224203146
28-norcastasterone is biosynthesized from castasterone.metabolic experiments with deuterium-labeled castasterone in seedlings of arabidopsis thaliana, oryza saliva and lycopersicon esculentum, and cultured cells of catharanthus roseus were performed, and the metabolites were analyzed by gc-ms. in all the plant species examined, [2h3]28-norcastasterone was identified as a metabolite of [26,28-2h6]castasterone, indicating that castasterone is the biosynthetic origin of 28-norcastasterone. moreover, the natural occurrence of 28-norcastasterone and 28-n ...200011065283
molecular cloning and characterization of crmdr1, a novel mdr-type abc transporter gene from catharanthus roseus.a novel gene encoding a mdr-like abc transporter protein was cloned from catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant with more than 120 kinds of secondary metabolites, through rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). this gene (named as crmdr1; genbank accession no.: dq660356) had a total length of 4395 bp with an open reading frame of 3801 bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 1266 amino acids with a molecular weight of 137.1 kda. the crmdr1 protein shared 59.8, 62.5, 60.0 and 58.2% identity wi ...200717541839
uptake and accumulation of ajmalicine into isolated vacuoles of cultured cells of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. and its conversion into serpentine.isolated vacuoles from ajmalicine-producing cell suspensions of catharanthus roseus accumulated the alkaloid ajmalicine. dissipation of the transtonoplast ph gradient with nigericin abolished ajmalicine accumulation, whereas dissipation of the transtonoplast potential with valinomycin had no effect. addition of mg-atp resulted in a higher ajmalicine accumulation. serpentine produced by the cells was largely recovered in isolated vacuoles; in contrast, ajmalicine was lost. ajmalicine was converte ...199124193617
efficacy of larvicidal and pupicidal activity of catharanthus roseus aqueous and solvent extracts against anopheles stephensi liston and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae).to investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) against malaria and filariasis vectors.201323790333
comprehensive protein-based artificial microrna screens for effective gene silencing in plants.artificial microrna (amirna) approaches offer a powerful strategy for targeted gene manipulation in any plant species. however, the current unpredictability of amirna efficacy has limited broad application of this promising technology. to address this, we developed epitope-tagged protein-based amirna (etpamir) screens, in which target mrnas encoding epitope-tagged proteins were constitutively or inducibly coexpressed in protoplasts with amirna candidates targeting single or multiple genes. this ...201323645631
an efficient chemoenzymatic production of small molecule glucosides with in situ udp-glucose recycling.a one-pot system for efficient enzymatic synthesis of curcumin glucosides is described. the method couples the activities of two recombinant enzymes, udp-glucose: curcumin glucosyltransferase from catharanthus roseus (caugt2) and sucrose synthase from arabidopsis thaliana (atsus1). udp, a product inhibitor of udp-glucosyltransferase, was removed from the system and used for regeneration of udp-glucose by the second enzyme, atsus1. the productivity was increased several-fold and udp-glucose initi ...200717499718
geraniol hydroxylase and hydroxygeraniol oxidase activities of the cyp76 family of cytochrome p450 enzymes and potential for engineering the early steps of the (seco)iridoid pathway.the geraniol-derived (seco)iridoid skeleton is a precursor for a large group of bioactive compounds with diverse therapeutic applications, including the widely used anticancer molecule vinblastine. despite of this economic prospect, the pathway leading to iridoid biosynthesis from geraniol is still unclear. the first geraniol hydroxylation step has been reported to be catalyzed by cytochrome p450 enzymes such as cyp76b6 from catharanthus roseus and cyp76c1 from arabidopsis thaliana. in the prese ...201323933465
selection and validation of reference genes for transcript normalization in gene expression studies in catharanthus roseus.quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr), a sensitive and commonly used technique for gene expression analysis, requires stably expressed reference genes for normalization of gene expression. up to now, only one reference gene for qpcr analysis, corresponding to 40s ribosomal protein s9 (rps9), was available for the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus, the only source of the commercial anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. here, we screened for additional reference genes for this plant species ...201425058454
biochemical evaluation of the decarboxylation and decarboxylation-deamination activities of plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases.plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (aaad) enzymes are capable of catalyzing either decarboxylation or decarboxylation-deamination on various combinations of aromatic amino acid substrates. these two different activities result in the production of arylalkylamines and the formation of aromatic acetaldehydes, respectively. variations in product formation enable individual enzymes to play different physiological functions. despite these catalytic variations, arylalkylamine and aldehyde synthes ...201323204519
a single gene encodes isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase isoforms targeted to plastids, mitochondria and peroxisomes in catharanthus roseus.isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases (idi) catalyze the interconversion of the two isoprenoid universal c5 units, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylally diphosphate, to allow the biosynthesis of the large variety of isoprenoids including both primary and specialized metabolites. this isomerisation is usually performed by two distinct idi isoforms located either in plastids/peroxisomes or mitochondria/peroxisomes as recently established in arabidopsis thaliana mainly accumulating primary isopreno ...201222638903
the jasmonate-responsive element from the orca3 promoter from catharanthus roseus is active in arabidopsis and is controlled by the transcription factor atmyc2.jasmonates are plant signaling molecules that play key roles in protection against certain pathogens and against insects by switching on the expression of genes encoding defense proteins including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of toxic secondary metabolites. in catharanthus roseus, the ethylene response factor (erf) transcription factor orca3 controls the jasmonate-responsive activation of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes. orca3 gene expression is itself induced by jasmonate. ...201121306988
reverse zymography alone does not confirm presence of a protease inhibitor.reverse zymography is applied for identification and semi-quantification of protease inhibitors that are of protein in nature. however, a protein that shows band in reverse zymography against a protease used for digestion of the gel need not be an inhibitor; it might be resistant to degradation by the protease. we demonstrate that in reverse zymography, avidin, streptavidin and the leaf extract of catharanthus roseus behave like inhibitors of proteases like papain, ficin, bromelain extracts from ...201323417772
molecular cloning and expression of a cdna encoding a hybrid histidine kinase receptor in tropical periwinkle catharanthus roseus.signalling pathways involving histidine kinase receptors (hkrs) are widely used by prokaryotes and fungi to regulate a large palette of biological processes. in plants, hkrs are known to be implicated in cytokinin, ethylene, and osmosensing transduction pathways. in this work, a full length cdna named crcik was isolated from the tropical species catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. it encodes a 1205 amino acid protein that belongs to the hybrid hkr family. the deduced amino acid sequence shows the h ...200616773556
biotransformations with plant tissue cultures.suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus, apocynum cannabinum and conium maculatum were examined for their capacity to transform aniline, anisole, acetanilide, benzoic acid and coumarin. none of the cultures transformed acetanilide but each produced acetanilide when fed aniline. all three cultures converted benzoic acid to its para-hydroxy derivative. coumarin was selectively hydroxylated at the 7-position by catharanthus and conium and anisole was o-demethylated only by older catharanthus tis ...20061084950
expression analysis in plant and cell suspensions of crckr1, a cdna encoding a histidine kinase receptor homologue in catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.a full length cdna (crckr1) encoding a hybrid histidine kinase was isolated from a catharanthus roseus cdna library. the kinase belongs to the subfamily of cytokinin receptors represented by cre1/ahk4/wol in arabidopsis thaliana. in cell suspensions, the expression of crckr1 is not affected by various stress and hormonal treatments but is stimulated in cells continuously exposed to cytokinin. in plants, crckr1 is strongly expressed only in the petals of mature flowers. these data suggest that cr ...200212177139
differential expression of two type-a response regulators in plants and cell cultures of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.two full-length cdnas named crrr2 and crrr3 have been isolated by pcr from a c. roseus cdna library. the first one encodes a 154 amino acid putative protein with a high percentage of identity with the arabidopsis thaliana response regulators arr16 and arr17, and is not expressed in c. roseus organs and cell cultures. the second one encodes a 188 amino acid orf sharing the highest homologies with the a. thaliana arr8 and arr9 response regulators. its expression is root-specific and the transcript ...200312810857
role and functioning of bhlh transcription factors in jasmonate signalling.plant growth, development and interaction with the environment involve the action of multiple phytohormones. transcription factors (tfs) of diverse families play essential roles in the signalling cascades triggered by the perception of a particular hormone. tfs may act alone or in a combinatorial fashion with other tfs, and may act specifically in a single hormonal signalling cascade or as signalling hubs for multiple hormones. in the signalling cascades triggered by the phytohormone jasmonate ( ...201627927998
cloning of a cdna encoding an e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme from catharanthus roseus: expression analysis in plant organs and in response to hormones in cell suspensions.a novel cdna (crubie2) encoding ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme e2 was isolated from a catharanthus roseus cdna library. sequence comparison with arabidopsis thaliana e2 sequences revealed that crubie2 is a member of a new plant e2 sub-family. expression of crubie2 is repressed in developing organs and down-regulated by cytokinin suggesting that a decrease in the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway may take part in the regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis in c. roseus cell suspensions.200211741052
microrna396-targeted short vegetative phase is required to repress flowering and is related to the development of abnormal flower symptoms by the phyllody symptoms1 effector.leafy flowers are the major symptoms of peanut witches' broom (pnwb) phytoplasma infection in catharanthus roseus. the orthologs of the phyllody symptoms1 (phyl1) effector of pnwb from other species of phytoplasma can trigger the proteasomal degradation of several mads box transcription factors, resulting in leafy flower formation. in contrast, the flowering negative regulator gene short vegetative phase (svp) was up-regulated in pnwb-infected c. roseus plants, but most microrna (mirna) genes ha ...201526103992
cjbhlh1 homologs regulate sanguinarine biosynthesis in eschscholzia californica cells.isoquinoline alkaloids (iqas), terpenoid indole alkaloid and nicotine are some of the most studied alkaloids. recently, several groups have reported that the biosynthesis of these alkaloids is regulated by basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors. whereas the biosyntheses of nicotine and terpenoid indole alkaloid in nicotiana plants and catharanthus roseus are directly or indirectly regulated by arabidopsis thaliana myc2 homologs, a non-myc2-type bhlh transcription factor, cjbhlh1, co ...201525713177
over-expression of hmg-coa reductase and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase genes in artemisia annua l. and its influence on artemisinin content.artemisinin, an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone, is a novel antimalarial natural product isolated from artemisia annua l. plants. the low concentrations (0.01-1.1%) of this compound in a. annua l. plants is, however, a major constraint for commercialization of artemisinin-based combination therapies (acts) recommended by who for treating malaria caused by multidrug-resistant p. falciparum sp. in this context, in vivo yield improvement programs were undertaken by us. in the present study, hmg- ...201121655998
the mirnaome of catharanthus roseus: identification, expression analysis, and potential roles of micrornas in regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis.micrornas (mirnas) regulate numerous crucial biological processes in plants. however, information is limited on their involvement in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites in plants, including catharanthus roseus that produces a number of pharmaceutically valuable, bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias). using small rna-sequencing, we identified 181 conserved and 173 novel mirnas (cro-mirnas) in c. roseus seedlings. genome-wide expression analysis revealed that a set of cro-mirnas are ...201728223695
folivory elicits a strong defense reaction in catharanthus roseus: metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct local and systemic responses.plants deploy distinct secondary metabolisms to cope with environment pressure and to face bio-aggressors notably through the production of biologically active alkaloids. this metabolism-type is particularly elaborated in catharanthus roseus that synthesizes more than a hundred different monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias). while the characterization of their biosynthetic pathway now reaches completion, still little is known about the role of mias during biotic attacks. as a consequence, we deve ...201728094274
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from catharanthus roseus leaf extract and assessing their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing activities.biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) from catharanthus roseus leaf extract was carried out, and their characterization, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing activities were evaluated. color change, uv-vis spectrum, xrd, ftir, and afm assessments supported the biosynthesis and characterization of agnps. the synthesized agnps showed strong in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against various pathogens. the in vivo assessment of wound healing in agnps-treate ...201627534756
experimental evidence and in silico identification of tryptophan decarboxylase in citrus genus.plant tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc) converts tryptophan into tryptamine, precursor of indolealkylamine alkaloids. the recent finding of tryptamine metabolites in citrus plants leads to hypothesize the existence of tdc activity in this genus. here, we report for the first time that, in citrus x limon seedlings, deuterium labeled tryptophan is decarboxylated into tryptamine, from which successively deuterated n,n,n-trimethyltryptamine is formed. these results give an evidence of the occurrence of ...201728208655
an npf transporter exports a central monoterpene indole alkaloid intermediate from the vacuole.plants sequester intermediates of metabolic pathways into different cellular compartments, but the mechanisms by which these molecules are transported remain poorly understood. monoterpene indole alkaloids, a class of specialized metabolites that includes the anticancer agent vincristine, antimalarial quinine and neurotoxin strychnine, are synthesized in several different cellular locations. however, the transporters that control the movement of these biosynthetic intermediates within cellular c ...201728085153
the combined effects of ethylene and meja on metabolic profiling of phenolic compounds in catharanthus roseus revealed by metabolomics analysis.phenolic compounds belong to a class of secondary metabolites and are implicated in a wide range of responsive mechanisms in plants triggered by both biotic and abiotic elicitors. in this study, we approached the combinational effects of ethylene and meja (methyl jasmonate) on phenolic compounds profiles and gene expressions in the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus. in virtue of a widely non-targeted metabolomics method, we identified a total of 34 kinds of phenolic compounds in the leaves, co ...201627375495
transcriptional regulation and transport of terpenoid indole alkaloid in catharanthus roseus: exploration of new research directions.as one of the model medicinal plants for exploration of biochemical pathways and molecular biological questions on complex metabolic pathways, catharanthus roseus synthesizes more than 100 terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) used for clinical treatment of various diseases and for new drug discovery. given that extensive studies have revealed the major metabolic pathways and the spatial-temporal biosynthesis of tia in c. roseus plant, little is known about subcellular and inter-cellular trafficking ...201628036025
current status of plant products reported to inhibit sperm.this report reviews research on plant-derived agents that prevent sperm production if taken orally by the male or that incapacitate or kill sperm on contact if used vaginally by the female. it would be of great value to develop fertility inhibitors that are totally selective for reproductive systems and enzymes, and there is a possibility that a plant-derived drug may have this effect. plants that have been studied for their fertility inhibiting effects in the male include: aristolochia indica l ...198212179631
'candidatus phytoplasma hispanicum', a novel taxon associated with mexican periwinkle virescence disease of catharanthus roseus.mexican periwinkle virescence (mpv) phytoplasma was originally discovered in diseased plants of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) in yucatán, mexico. on the basis of results from rflp analysis of pcr-amplified 16s rrna gene sequences, strain mpv was previously classified as the first known member of phytoplasma group 16srxiii, and a new subgroup (16srxiii-a) was established to accommodate mpv phytoplasma. phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that strain mpv repres ...201627266266
transcription factors regulating uspa genes in catharanthus roseus.rna-seq of the catharanthus roseus sra database was done in order to detect putative universal stress proteins (usps) and their possible controlling factors. previous analysis indicated the existence and characterization of uspa-like genes. in silico analysis of rna-seq database in several plant tissues revealed the possible functions and regulations of some uspa-like transcripts whose transcription factors (tfs) that might drive their expression were detected. blast indicated the existence of t ...201727890577
industrial case study on alkaloids purification by ph-zone refining centrifugal partition chromatography.the industrial potential of ph-zone refining centrifugal partition chromatography has been evaluated by studying the purification of pharmaceutical ingredients at the pilot scale. for the first time, a scale up methodology based on both column capacity and mass transfer efficiency as invariants was developed. the purification of catharanthine and vindoline from an industrial crude extract of aerial parts of catharanthus roseus, was used as a case of study. toluene/ch3cn/water (4/1/5, v/v/v) was ...201627816224
examining the transcriptional response of overexpressing anthranilate synthase in the hairy roots of an important medicinal plant catharanthus roseus by rna-seq.clinically important anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine are solely synthesized by the terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) pathway in catharanthus roseus. anthranilate synthase (as) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the tia pathway. the transgenic c. roseus hairy root line overexpressing a feedback insensitive asα subunit under the control of an inducible promoter and the asβ subunit constitutively was previously created for the overproduction of tias. however, both increases and decreases in t ...201627154243
a differentially regulated ap2/erf transcription factor gene cluster acts downstream of a map kinase cascade to modulate terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus produces bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias), including the chemotherapeutics, vincristine and vinblastine. transcriptional regulation of tia biosynthesis is not fully understood. the jasmonic acid (ja)-responsive ap2/erf transcription factor (tf), orca3, and its regulator, crmyc2, play key roles in tia biosynthesis. orca3 forms a physical cluster with two uncharacterized ap2/erfs, orca4 and 5. here, we report that (1) the orca gene cluster is differentially regulated ...201727801944
plant-cell bioreactors with simultaneous electropermeabilization and electrophoresis.experimental investigations on using low-level electric currents and voltages to extract, transport, and collect intracellular secondary metabolites from plant cells while maintaining their viabilities were conducted focusing on the production of: (1) ionic betalains, mainly negatively-charged betanin, from beta vulgaris cells, and (2) ionic alkaloids, particularly positively-charged ajmalicine and yohimbine, from catharanthus roseus cells. three versions of tubular membrane reactors in which el ...200312413782
the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor bis2 is essential for monoterpenoid indole alkaloid production in the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus.monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) are produced as plant defence compounds. in the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus, they comprise the anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. the iridoid (monoterpenoid) pathway forms one of the two branches that feed mia biosynthesis and its activation is regulated by the transcription factor (tf) basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) iridoid synthesis 1 (bis1). here, we describe the identification and characterisation of bis2, a jasmonate (ja)-responsiv ...201627342401
clade iva basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors form part of a conserved jasmonate signaling circuit for the regulation of bioactive plant terpenoid biosynthesis.plants produce many bioactive, specialized metabolites to defend themselves when facing various stress situations. their biosynthesis is directed by a tightly controlled regulatory circuit that is elicited by phytohormones such as jasmonate (ja). the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors (tfs) bhlh iridoid synthesis 1 (bis1) and triterpene saponin activating regulator (tsar) 1 and 2, from catharanthus roseus and medicago truncatula, respectively, all belong to clade iva of the bhlh ...201627694525
evidence against the occurrence of adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in higher plants.previous reports on the incorporation of [(14)c]adenine into adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic amp) in oat (avena sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) coleoptile sections, chick-pea (cicer arietinum l.) embryos and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) aleurone layers were reexamined. separation of labelled nucleotides on deae-sephadex a 25 showed that a peak of (14)c activity, previously considered to be cyclic amp, is not identical with this compound. attempts to detect the cyclic nucleotide by ...197424442328
monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus cultivated in yunnan.a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, 15,20-dehydro-3α-(2-oxopropyl) coronaridine (1), along with sixteen analogues (2-17) were isolated from the leaves of catharanthus roseus cultivated in yunnan. the new alkaloid was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the known alkaloids were identified by comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. among them, alkaloid 16 was isolated from catharanthus for the first time.201526882670
inhibition of anthocyanin formation in seedlings and flowers by the enantiomers of α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid and their n-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives.both enantiomers of α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (aopp), potent inhibitors of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and their n-benzyloxycarbonyl (n-boc) derivatives inhibit anthocyanin formation in developing flowers of ipomoea tricolor cav. and catharanthus roseus don. as well as in seedlings of brassica oleracea var. caulo-rapa dc (kohlrabi) and b. oleracea var. capitata l. (red cabbage) with little interference with their normal development. kohlrabi seedlings tolerate up to 0.3 mm l-aopp and ...197924407328
characterization of a cdna encoding a proline-rich 14 kda protein in developing cortical cells of the roots of bean (phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings.a cdna clone, corresponding to mrnas preferentially expressed in the roots of bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) seedlings, was isolated. this clone contains a 381 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 13.5 kda, designated pvr5 (phaseolus vulgaris root 5). the amino acid sequence of this clone is rich in proline (13.5%) and leucine (12.7%) and shares significant amino acid sequence homology with root-specific and proline-rich proteins from monocots (maize and rice), and proline-rich proteins ...19968639755
brassinosteroids in arabidopsis thaliana.from the seeds and siliques of arabidopsis thaliana, six brassinosteroids, brassinolide, castasterone, typhasterol, 6-deoxocastasterone, 6-deoxotyphasterol and 6-deoxoteasterone, were identified by gc-mass spectrometry or gc-selected ion monitoring. as the occurrence of castasterone, typhasterol, 6-deoxocastasterone and 6-deoxotyphasterol in the shoots of a. thaliana has already been reported, this study provides evidence for the occurrence of the above four brassinosteroids in different organs, ...19989664702
medicinal plants cultivated in bapedi traditional healers homegardens, limpopo province, south africa.plants used for medicinal purposes are very common feature in bapedi traditional healer's home-gardens, but information about their diversity and application is not available.201425395716
efficient regeneration and improved sonication-assisted agrobacterium transformation (saat) method for catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant known for its pharmacological qualities such as antimicrobial, anticancerous, antifeedant, antisterility, antidiabetic activities. more than 130 bioactive compounds like vinblastine, vindoline and vincristine have been synthesized in this plant. extensive studies have been carried out for optimization regeneration and transformation protocols. most of the protocol described are laborious and time-consuming. due to sophisticated protocol of rege ...201728401464
a polymorphic (ga/ct)n- ssr influences promoter activity of tryptophan decarboxylase gene in catharanthus roseus l. don.simple sequence repeats (ssrs) of polypurine-polypyrimidine type motifs occur very frequently in the 5' flanks of genes in plants and have recently been implicated to have a role in regulation of gene expression. in this study, 2 accessions of catharanthus roseus having (ct)8 and (ct)21 varying motifs in the 5'utr of tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc) gene, were investigated for its role in regulation of gene expression. extensive tdc gene expression analysis in the 2 accessions was carried out both ...201627623355
top-down metabolomic approaches for nitrogen-containing metabolites.streamlining the processes that reveal heteroatom-containing metabolites and their biosynthetic genes is essential in integrated metabolomics studies. these metabolites are especially targeted for their potential pharmaceutical activities. by using a fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (fticr-ms) instrument, we provide top-down targeted metabolomic analyses using ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms), high-resolution matrix-assisted laser de ...201728225596
conserved roles of crrlk1l receptor-like kinases in cell expansion and reproduction from algae to angiosperms.receptor-like kinases (rlks) are regulators of plant development through allowing cells to sense their extracellular environment. they facilitate detection of local endogenous signals, in addition to external biotic and abiotic stimuli. the catharanthus roseus rlk1-like (crrlk1l) protein kinase subfamily, which contains feronia, plays a central role in regulating fertilization and in cell expansion mechanisms such as cell elongation and tip growth, as well as having indirect links to plant-patho ...201627621737
structural determinants of reductive terpene cyclization in iridoid biosynthesis.the carbon skeleton of ecologically and pharmacologically important iridoid monoterpenes is formed in a reductive cyclization reaction unrelated to canonical terpene cyclization. here we report the crystal structure of the recently discovered iridoid cyclase (from catharanthus roseus) bound to a mechanism-inspired inhibitor that illuminates substrate binding and catalytic function of the enzyme. key features that distinguish iridoid synthase from its close homolog progesterone 5β-reductase are h ...201626551396
generous hosts: what makes madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) the perfect experimental host plant for fastidious bacteria?although much attention has been paid to the metabolism and biosynthesis of monoterpene alkaloids in catharanthus roseus, its value as an experimental host for a variety of agriculturally and economically important phytopathogenic bacteria warrants further study. in the present study, we evaluated the chemical composition of the phloem and xylem saps of c. roseus to infer the nutritional requirements of phloem- and xylem-limited phytopathogens. periwinkle phloem sap consisted of a rich mixture o ...201627620272
differential network analysis reveals evolutionary complexity in secondary metabolism of rauvolfia serpentina over catharanthus roseus.comparative co-expression analysis of multiple species using high-throughput data is an integrative approach to determine the uniformity as well as diversification in biological processes. rauvolfia serpentina and catharanthus roseus, both members of apocyanacae family, are reported to have remedial properties against multiple diseases. despite of sharing upstream of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway, there is significant diversity in tissue-specific synthesis and accumulation of specialized met ...201627588023
fungal vincristine from eutypella spp - crp14 isolated from catharanthus roseus induces apoptosis in human squamous carcinoma cell line -a431.catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant, is known to produce secondary metabolites, vincristine and vinblastine, which are terpenoid indole alkaloids. previously we have reported that eutypella spp - crp14 isolated from stem cutting of this plant had shown significant antiproliferative activity when tested in vitro against hela cell line. the present study was conducted to identify the anticancer compound responsible for the anti-proliferative activity of the fungal extract and to evaluate its in ...201627550200
artemisinic acid serves as a novel orca3 inducer to enhance biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cells.to investigate the effect of artemisinic acid (aa) on improving the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) of catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cells (cmcs), feeding aa to c. roseus cmcs caused 2.35-fold and 2.51-fold increases in the production of vindoline and catharanthine, respectively, compared with those of the untreated cmcs. qrt-pcr experiments showed that aa resulted in a 1.36-8.52 fold increase in the transcript levels of several related genes, including octadecanoid-de ...201627534099
structural investigation of heteroyohimbine alkaloid synthesis reveals active site elements that control stereoselectivity.plants produce an enormous array of biologically active metabolites, often with stereochemical variations on the same molecular scaffold. these changes in stereochemistry dramatically impact biological activity. notably, the stereoisomers of the heteroyohimbine alkaloids show diverse pharmacological activities. we reported a medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase (mdr) from catharanthus roseus that catalyses formation of a heteroyohimbine isomer. here we report the discovery of additional heteroyo ...201627418042
isolation of cells specialized in anticancer alkaloid metabolism by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.plant specialized metabolism often presents a complex cell-specific compartmentation essential to accomplish the biosynthesis of valuable plant natural products. hence, the disclosure and potential manipulation of such pathways may depend on the capacity to isolate and characterize specific cell types. catharanthus roseus is the source of several medicinal terpenoid indole alkaloids, including the low-level anticancer vinblastine and vincristine, for which the late biosynthetic steps occur in sp ...201627356972
ethylene-induced vinblastine accumulation is related to activated expression of downstream tia pathway genes in catharanthus roseus.we selected different concentrations of ethephon, to stress c. roseus. we used qrt-pcr and hplc followed by pca to obtain comprehensive profiling of the vinblastine biosynthesis in response to ethephon. based on our findings, the results showed that the high concentration of ethephon had a positive effect at both transcriptional and metabolite level. meanwhile, there was a remarkable decrease of hydrogen peroxide content and a promoted peroxidase activity in leaves. the loading plot combination ...201627314017
fungal endophytes of catharanthus roseus enhance vindoline content by modulating structural and regulatory genes related to terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis.not much is known about the mechanism of endophyte-mediated induction of secondary metabolite production in catharanthus roseus. in the present study two fungal endophytes, curvularia sp. catdlf5 and choanephora infundibulifera catdlf6 were isolated from the leaves of the plant that were found to enhance vindoline content by 229-403%. the isolated endophytes did not affect the primary metabolism of the plant as the maximum quantum efficiency of psii, net co2 assimilation, plant biomass and starc ...201627220774
induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells through an intrinsic pathway by cathachunine, a unique alkaloid isolated from catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don consists of a range of dimeric indole alkaloids with significant antitumor activities. these alkaloids have been found to possess apoptosis-inducing activity against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo mediated by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells (nf-κb) and c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) pathways, in which dna damage and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles. in this study, a unique bisindole alkaloid named cathachunine, along w ...201627161405
beneficial behavior of nitric oxide in copper-treated medicinal plants.despite numerous reports implicating nitric oxide (no) in the environmental-stress responses of plants, the specific metabolic and ionic mechanisms of no-mediated adaptation to metal stress remain unclear. here, the impacts of copper (cu) and no donor (snp, 50μm) alone or in combination on the well-known medicinal plant catharanthus roseus l. were investigated. our results showed that cu markedly increased cu(2+) accumulation, decreased no production, and disrupted mineral equilibrium and proton ...201627131454
correction: an endophytic fungus, talaromyces radicus, isolated from catharanthus roseus, produces vincristine and vinblastine, which induce apoptotic cell death. 201627046169
phytochemica: a platform to explore phytochemicals of medicinal plants.plant-derived molecules (pdms) are known to be a rich source of diverse scaffolds that could serve as the basis for rational drug design. structured compilation of phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants can facilitate prospection for novel pdms and their analogs as therapeutic agents. atropa belladonna, catharanthus roseus, heliotropium indicum, picrorhiza kurroa and podophyllum hexandrum are important himalayan medicinal plants, reported to have immense therapeutic properties against ...201526255307
cytotoxic effect of erythroxylum suberosum combined with radiotherapy in head and neck cancer cell lines.the mouth and oropharynx cancer is the 6th most common type of cancer in the world. the treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. more than 50% of drugs against cancer were isolated from natural sources, such as catharanthus roseus and epipodophyllotoxin, isolated from podophyllum. the biggest challenge is to maximize the control of the disease, while minimizing morbidity and toxicity to the surrounding normal tissues. the erythroxylum suberosum is a common plant in the brazi ...201727007356
cell-specific localization of alkaloids in catharanthus roseus stem tissue measured with imaging ms and single-cell ms.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a medicinal plant well known for producing antitumor drugs such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are classified as terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias). the tia metabolic pathway in c. roseus has been extensively studied. however, the localization of tia intermediates at the cellular level has not been demonstrated directly. in the present study, the metabolic pathway of tia in c. roseus was studied with two forefront metabolomic techniques, that is, imaging ...201627001858
biosynthesis and regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus produces a wide range of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tia). many of them, such as vinblastine and vincristine, have significant bioactivity. they are valuable chemotherapy drugs used in combination with other drugs to treat lymphoma and leukemia. the tia biosynthetic pathway has been investigated for many years, for scientific interest and for their potential in manufacturing applications, to fulfill the market demand. in this review, the progress and perspective of c. roseus ...201726009689
mechanisms of the proliferation and differentiation of plant cells in cell culture systems.plant cell functions have been investigated in various cell culture systems. in this review, we summarize results obtained from investigations of gene expression during the cell cycle in synchronized cultures of catharanthus roseus during somatic embryogenesis in suspension cultures of daucus carota, during organogenesis in tissue cultures of arabidopsis thaliana and during the transdifferentiation of isolated mesophyll cells to tracheary elements in single-cell cultures of zinnia elegans.19947981037
class ii cytochrome p450 reductase governs the biosynthesis of alkaloids.expansion of the biosynthesis of plant specialized metabolites notably results from the massive recruitment of cytochrome p450s that catalyze multiple types of conversion of biosynthetic intermediates. for catalysis, p450s require a two-electron transfer catalyzed by shared cytochrome p450 oxidoreductases (cprs), making these auxiliary proteins an essential component of specialized metabolism. cpr isoforms usually group into two distinct classes with different proposed roles, namely involvement ...201627688619
effects of adding vindoline and meja on production of vincristine and vinblastine, and transcription of their biosynthetic genes in the cultured cmcs of catharanthus roseus.vincristine and vinblastine were found by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) in catharanthus roseuscambial meristem cells (cmcs) jointly treated with 0.25 mm vindoline and methyl jasmonate (meja), suggesting that c. roseus cmcs contain a complete set of the enzymes which are in response to convert vindoline into vincristine and vinblastine. based on the facts that the transcript levels of vindoline-biosynthetic genes (str, sgd and d4h) were up-regulated instead of being down-regulat ...201526882673
game9 regulates the biosynthesis of steroidal alkaloids and upstream isoprenoids in the plant mevalonate pathway.steroidal glycoalkaloids (sgas) are cholesterol-derived molecules produced by solanaceous species. they contribute to pathogen defence but are toxic to humans and considered as anti-nutritional compounds. here we show that glycoalkaloid metabolism 9 (game9), an apetala2/ethylene response factor, related to regulators of alkaloid production in tobacco and catharanthus roseus, controls sga biosynthesis. game9 knockdown and overexpression in tomato and potato alters expression of sgas and upstream ...201626876023
a simple and rapid hplc-dad method for simultaneously monitoring the accumulation of alkaloids and precursors in different parts and different developmental stages of catharanthus roseus plants.a rapid and simple reversed phase liquid chromatographic system has been developed for simultaneous analysis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) and their precursors. this method allowed separation of 11 compounds consisting of eight tias (ajmalicine, serpentine, catharanthine, vindoline, vindolinine, vincristine, vinblastine, and anhydrovinblastine) and three related precursors i.e., tryptophan, tryptamine and loganin. the system has been applied for screening the tias and precursors in cathar ...201626854826
a picrinine n-methyltransferase belongs to a new family of γ-tocopherol-like methyltransferases found in medicinal plants that make biologically active monoterpenoid indole alkaloids.members of the apocynaceae plant family produce a large number of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) with different substitution patterns that are responsible for their various biological activities. a novel n-methyltransferase involved in the vindoline pathway in catharanthus roseus showing distinct similarity to γ-tocopherol c-methyltransferases was used in a bioinformatic screen of transcriptomes from vinca minor, rauvolfia serpentina, and c. roseus to identify 10 γ-tocopherol-like n-methy ...201626848097
analytical and fluorimetric methods for the characterization of the transmembrane transport of specialized metabolites in plants.the characterization of membrane transport of specialized metabolites is essential to understand their metabolic fluxes and to implement metabolic engineering strategies towards the production of increased levels of these valuable metabolites. here, we describe a set of procedures to isolate tonoplast membranes, to check their purity and functionality, and to characterize their transport properties. transport is assayed directly by hplc analysis and quantification of the metabolites actively acc ...201626843171
application of natural deep eutectic solvents to the extraction of anthocyanins from catharanthus roseus with high extractability and stability replacing conventional organic solvents.natural deep eutectic solvents (nades) have attracted a great deal of attention in recent times as promising green media. they are generally composed of neutral, acidic or basic compounds that form liquids of high viscosity when mixed in certain molar ratio. despite their potential, viscosity and acid or basic nature of some ingredients may affect the extraction capacity and stabilizing ability of the target compounds. to investigate these effects, extraction with a series of nades was employed ...201626822320
understanding crrlk1l function: cell walls and growth control.to develop successfully in an ever-changing environment, it is essential for plants to monitor and control their growth. therefore, cell expansion is carefully regulated to establish correct cell shape and size. in this review, we explore the role of the catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase (crrlk1l) subfamily as regulators of cell expansion. recently, the downstream signalling events of individual crrlk1l pathways were discovered, implicating known modulators of cell expansion, such as reac ...201626778775
boosting sensitivity in liquid chromatography-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-tandem mass spectrometry for product ion analysis of monoterpene indole alkaloids.in metabolomics, the analysis of product ions in tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) is noteworthy to chemically assign structural information. however, the development of relevant analytical methods are less advanced. here, we developed a method to boost sensitivity in liquid chromatography-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (ms/ms boost analysis). to verify the ms/ms boost analysis, both quercetin and uniformly labeled (13)c quercetin were analyzed, reveal ...201526734034
intraspecific differentiation of hancornia speciosa revealed by simple sequence repeat and random amplified polymorphic dna markers.hancornia speciosa, popularly known as mangabeira, is a fruit tree native to the brazilian cerrado that shows great economic potential, due to its multiple uses. intraspecific classification of this species is difficult because it shows high morphological diversity. an early study of the species reported that there are six botanic varieties that differ morphologically mainly in the shapes of their leaves and flowers. except to note the wide morphological variation and economic potential of this ...201526662392
anti-diabetic potential of catharanthus roseus linn. and its effect on the glucose transport gene (glut-2 and glut-4) in streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar rats.catharanthus roseus is an important ayurvedic medication in traditional medicine. it is potentially used in countries like india, south africa, china and malaysia for the healing of diabetes mellitus. although, the molecular mechanisms behind this effect are yet to be exclusively explored. due to the great antidiabetic and hyperlipidemic potential of c. roseus, we hypothesized that the insulin mimetic effect of ethanolic extract of c. roseus might add to glucose uptake through improvement in the ...201526490765
crbpf1 overexpression alters transcript levels of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic and regulatory genes.terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus is a complex and highly regulated process. understanding the biochemistry and regulation of the tia pathway is of particular interest as it may allow the engineering of plants to accumulate higher levels of pharmaceutically important alkaloids. toward this end, we generated a transgenic c. roseus hairy root line that overexpresses the crbpf1 transcriptional activator under the control of a β-estradiol inducible promoter. crbpf1 ...201526483828
precursor feeding studies and molecular characterization of geraniol synthase establish the limiting role of geraniol in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus leaves.the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) are generally derived from strictosidine, which is formed by condensation of the terpene moiety secologanin and the indole moiety tryptamine. there are conflicting reports on the limitation of either terpene or indole moiety in the production of mias in catharanthus roseus cell cultures. formation of geraniol by geraniol synthase (ges) is the first step in secologanin biosynthesis. in this study, feeding of c. roseus leaves with geraniol, but not tryptopha ...201526398791
receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase maris functions downstream of crrlk1l-dependent signaling during tip growth.growing plant cells need to rigorously coordinate external signals with internal processes. for instance, the maintenance of cell wall (cw) integrity requires the coordination of cw sensing with cw remodeling and biosynthesis to avoid growth arrest or integrity loss. despite the involvement of receptor-like kinases (rlks) of the catharanthus roseus rlk1-like (crrlk1l) subfamily and the reactive oxygen species-producing nadph oxidases, it remains largely unknown how this coordination is achieved. ...201526378127
engineering overexpression of orca3 and strictosidine glucosidase in catharanthus roseus hairy roots increases alkaloid production.catharanthus roseus produces many pharmaceutically important terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) such as vinblastine, vincristine, ajmalicine, and serpentine. past metabolic engineering efforts have pointed to the tight regulation of the tia pathway and to multiple rate-limiting reactions. transcriptional regulator orca3 (octadecanoid responsive catharanthus ap2-domain protein), activated by jasmonic acid, plays a central role in regulating the tia pathway. in this study, overexpressing orca3 unde ...201626351111
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