Publications

inhibition of cellular proliferation by diterpenes, topoisomerase ii inhibitor.	we examined the effects of 12 terpene compounds derived from the roots of euphorbia kansui on the proliferative activity of xenopus embryo cells. eight of these compounds showed significant inhibition of cellular proliferation even at low concentrations, while four of them needed to be present at higher concentrations to inhibit cellular proliferation. in order to define the mechanism of inhibition of cellular proliferation by these compounds, the effects of diterpene compounds on the activity o ...	2006	16314107
antimicrobial activity of caesalpinia pulcherrima, euphorbia hirta and asystasia gangeticum.	the ethanolic extracts of the dry fruits of caesalpinia pulcherrima, aerial parts of euphorbia hirta and flowers of asystasia gangeticum were tested for antimicrobial activity. the three plants exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, particularly against escherichia coli (enteropathogen), proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus.	2006	16730921
3-o-(2,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-o-decanoylingenol from euphorbia kansui suppresses ige-mediated mast cell activation.	aggregation of the high affinity receptor for ige (fcepsilonri) on mast cells by antigen and ige complex induces release of chemical mediators, leading to acute allergic inflammation. we recently found that 3-o-(2,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-o-decanoylingenol (dbdi), purified from the euphorbia kansui l., inhibits degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia 2h3 cells upon aggregation of the fcepsilonri. in the present study, we demonstrated that the dbdi significantly inhibits release of beta-hexosamini ...	2006	16462033
induction of apoptosis in leukemia cell lines by linum persicum and euphorbia cheiradenia.	in the present study two medicinal herbs linum persicum and euphorbia cheiradenia that are native to iran were tested for their possible anticancer effect and induction of apoptosis on human tumor cell lines including leukemia cell lines.	2006	16477442
new macrocyclic lathyrane diterpenes, from euphorbia lagascae, as inhibitors of multidrug resistance of tumour cells.	the new macrocyclic lathyrane diterpenes latilagascenes a and b ( 1 and 2), the diacetylated derivative of 2, latilagascene c ( 3), and the known diterpenes ent-16alpha,17-dihydroxyatisan-3-one ( 4) and ent-16alpha,17-dihydroxykauran-3-one ( 5), isolated from the methanol extract of euphorbia lagascae, were examined for their effects on the reversal of multidrug resistance (mdr) on mouse lymphoma cells. among the active lathyrane derivatives 1 - 3, compound 2 displayed the highest inhibition of ...	2006	16491453
interactions between euphorbia esula toxins and bovine ruminal microbes.	cattle generally avoid grazing leafy spurge (ls; euphorbia esula), whereas sheep and goats will often eat it. understanding metabolism of toxic phytochemicals in ls by bovine rumen microflora may help explain why cattle often develop aversions to ls after initially eating it. toxicity of ls compounds after in vitro fermentation with normal vs. antibiotic-modified bovine rumen digesta was evaluated at different lengths of fermentation. levels of toxic and aversion-inducing ingenols were determine ...	2006	16525867
inhibition of early and late phase allergic reactions by euphorbia hirta l.	a 95% ethanol extract from whole aerial parts of euphorbia hirta (eh a001) showed antihistaminic, antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in various animal models. eh a001 inhibited rat peritoneal mast cell degranulation triggered by compound 48/80. it significantly inhibited dextran-induced rat paw edema. eh a001 prevented eosinophil accumulation and eosinophil peroxidase activity and reduced the protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) in a 'mild' model of asthma. moreo ...	2006	16557622
catalytic pathways of euphorbia characias peroxidase reacting with hydrogen peroxide.	the reaction of euphorbia characias latex peroxidase (elp) with hydrogen peroxide as the sole substrate was studied by conventional and stopped-flow spectrophotometry. the reaction mechanism occurs via three distinct pathways. in the first (pathway i), elp shows catalase-like activity: h2o2 oxidizes the native enzyme to compound i and subsequently acts as a reducing substrate, again converting compound i to the resting ferric enzyme. in the presence of an excess of hydrogen peroxide, compound i ...	2006	16740127
two novel phloroglucinol derivatives from euphorbia ebracteolata hayata.	two new phloroglucinol derivatives, named ebracteolatain a and ebracteolatain b, along with three known phloroglucinol derivatives were isolated from euphorbia ebracteolata hayata., and their structures were elucidated as 3,3'-diacetyl-2,4'-dimethoxy-2',4,6,6'-tetrahydroxy-5'-methyl diphenylmethane (1) and 1-[3,5-bis-(3-acetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-phenyl]-ethanone (2) on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.	2006	16753797
skeleton-rearranged pentacyclic diterpenoids possessing a cyclobutane ring from euphorbia wallichii.	[structure: see text] two novel rearranged trachylobane diterpenoids, designated as wallichanol a (2) and wallichanol b (3), consisting of an unprecedented pentacyclic skeleton named wallichane with a cyclobutane ring, and a new ent-trachylobane diterpenoid, 3-oxo-ent-trachyloban-17-oic acid (1), were isolated from the roots of euphorbia wallichii. their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of 2d-nmr spectroscopic data, with the stereochemistry of 1 confirmed by x-ray crystallogr ...	2006	16774254
[studies on constituents from roots of euphorbia hylonoma].	to study the constituents from roots of euphorbia hylonoma.	2006	17048682
physiological changes in biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (pulmonata: planorbidae) caused by sub-lethal concentrations of the latex of euphorbia splendens var. hislopii n.e.b (euphorbiaceae).	molluscides have been used as one of the strategies to control schistosomiasis. many plant extracts with molluscidal effects have been tested, but the action of the latex of euphorbia splendens var. hislopii is considered the most promising because it meets the recommendations of the world health organization (who). the objective of this study was to determine the lethal dose and identify the effects of the different doses of latex of e. splendens var. hislopii on the physiology of biomphalaria ...	2006	16612505
interaction between doxorubicin and the resistance modifier stilbene on multidrug resistant mouse lymphoma and human breast cancer cells.	the hydroxystilbene trans-3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxystilbene (piceatannol) (1), isolated from the methanol extract of euphorbia lagascae defatted seeds, was methylated to yield the derivatives trans-3,5,3',4'-tetramethoxystilbene (2), (trans-3,5-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxystilbene) (3) and trans-3,5,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene (4). the structures of the compounds were assigned by spectroscopic methods (ir, 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr and ms). the ability of piceatannol (1) and the three methylated derivative ...	2006	17094479
cytotoxic macrocyclic diterpenoid esters from euphorbia cornigera.	root extract of euphorbia cornigera boiss. (euphorbiaceae) was separated into seven (compound 1-7) isolates through multiple craig's distributions and preparative hplc. the structures and relative configuration of theses compounds were established via spectral analyses as 7,8,12- o-triacetyl-3- o-(2-methylbutanoyl)-ingol (1), 3,8,12- o-triacetyl-7- o-(2-methylbutanoyl = -ingol (2), 3,7,12- o-triacetyl-8- o-(2-methylbutanoyl)-ingol (3), 3,7,8- o-triacetyl-12- o-(2-methylbutanoyl)-ingol (4), 7,12- ...	2006	16881017
identification of excreted iron superoxide dismutase for the diagnosis of phtytomonas.	an excreted iron superoxide dismutase (fesode) of pi 3.6 with a molecular weight of 28-30 kda was detected in the in vitro culture of phytomonas isolated from euphorbia characias (sodecha) and from lycopersicon esculentum (sodetom), in grace's medium without serum. these fesode excreted into the medium had immunogenic capacity: the positivity of the anti-sodecha serum persisted to a dilution of 1/30,000, and for the anti-sodetom to 1/10,000 by western blot. in addition, cross reaction was detect ...	2006	17072478
characterization of scp-2 from euphorbia lagascae reveals that a single leu/met exchange enhances sterol transfer activity.	sterol carrier protein-2 (scp-2) is a small intracellular basic protein domain implicated in peroxisomal beta-oxidation. we extend our knowledge of plant scp-2 by characterizing scp-2 from euphorbia lagascae. this protein consists of 122 amino acids including a pts1 peroxisomal targeting signal. it has a molecular mass of 13.6 kda and a pi of 9.5. it shares 67% identity and 84% similarity with scp-2 from arabidopsis thaliana. proteomic analysis revealed that e. lagascae scp-2 accumulates in the ...	2006	17212780
induction of apoptosis in k562 cells by jolkinolide b.	jolkinolide b, a bioactive diterpene isolated from the roots of euphorbia fischeriana steud, has various biological and pharmacological properties. in this study, the cytotoxicity of highly purified jolkinolide b was tested in human chronic myeloid leukemia (k562) and 2 other cell lines (human esophageal carcinoma eca-109 and human hepatoma hepg2). the results indicate a significant decrease in the proliferation of all the 3 cell lines when treated with jolkinolide b for 24 h; the ic50 value of ...	2006	17218961
[studies on chemical constituents in roots of euphorbia soongarica].	to study the chemical constituents of the roots of euphorbia soongarica (xinjiang origin).	2006	17144466
screening of herbal extracts for activation of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.	the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors play a pivotal role in metazoan lipid and glucose homeostasis. synthetic activators of pparalpha (fibrates) and ppargamma (glitazones) are therefore widely used for treatment of dislipidemia and diabetes, respectively. there is growing evidence for herbal compounds to influence nuclear receptor signalling e.g. the ppars. we recently reported carnosic acid and carnosol, both being diterpenes found in the labiate herbs sage and rosemary, to be activa ...	2006	17152989
synthesis of new phytogrowth-inhibitory substituted aryl-p-benzoquinones.	reaction of [(2-alkyloxy)methyl]-1,4-dimethoxybenzene 10 (alkyl=butyl, hexyl, decyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl) with ceric ammonium nitrate in order to produce p-benzoquinones (=cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diones) afforded 5-[(alkyloxy)methyl]-2-(4-formyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzo-1,4-quinones 12a-12g in yields that varied from 46 to 97%, accompanied by 2-[(alkyloxy)methyl]benzo-1,4-quinones 11a-11g in only small quantities (< or =5%). these quinones resemble the natural phytoto ...	2006	17193291
a new bacillus pasteurii urease inhibitor from euphorbia decipiens.	inhibition of bacillus pasteurii urease enzyme by 3,7,15-tri-o-acetyl-5-o-nicotinoyl-13,14-dihydroxymyrsinol (1), a diterpene ester with a myrsinol-type skeleton, isolated from euphorbia decipiens boiss. and buhse, was un-competitive consistent with the molecular docking results. the ki value was 117.40 +/- 0.7 microm.	2006	17194023
potent antitumor activity of 3,4-seco-8betah-ferna-4(23),9(11)-dien-3-oic acid (ec-2) and 3,4-seco-oleana-4(23),18-dien-3-oic acid (ec-4), evaluated by an in vitro human cancer cell line panel.	3,4-seco-8beta h-ferna-4(23),9(11)-dien-3-oic acid (ec-2) (1) and 3,4-seco-oleana-4(23),18-dien-3-oic acid (ec-4) (2) isolated from the whole herb of euphorbia chamaesyce l. were evaluated for their anti-tumor activities using a panel including 39 human cancer cell lines (hcc) coupled with a drug sensitivity database. compounds 1 and 2 showed strong cytotoxicity against the hcc panel, even though alcohols 1a and 2a and methyl esters 1b and 2b were inactive.	2006	17051463
yuexiandajisu d, a novel 18-nor-rosane-type dimeric diterpenoid from euphorbia ebracteolata hayata.	yuexiandajisu d, a novel 18-nor-rosane-type dimeric diterpenoid, was isolated from the roots of euphorbia ebracteolata hayata. its structure was elucidated as 6,3':7,2'-diepoxy-di-2,3-dihydroxy-18-nor-ros-1(10),2,4,15-tetraene by spectroscopic techniques (hsqc, hmbc, dqf-cosy, tocsy, noesy) and chemical methods. yuexiandajisu d showed moderate cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines on hct-8 and bel-7402, with ic50 values of 2.66 and 3.76 microm, respectively.	2006	16753779
"the herbs that have the property of healing...,": the phytotherapy in don quixote.	don quixote, the most outstanding novel of the spanish literature, represents a documentary source widely used among those specialists who intend to deepen in the knowledge of the late renaissance society. in this sense, don quixote has been also studied from a medical perspective, including a general therapeutical view (oils, ointments, balms, poultices, syrups and other pharmacy preparations). we have tackled don quixote from the phytotherapeutic and ethnopharmacological perspective, a barely ...	2006	16757137
subtractive cdna libraries identify differentially expressed genes in dormant and growing buds of leafy spurge (euphorbia esula).	two subtractive cdna libraries were developed to study genes associated with bud dormancy (reverse library) and initiation of shoot growth (forward library) in leafy spurge. to identify unique sequences represented in each library, 15744 clones were screened to reduce the level of redundancy within both libraries. a total of 516 unique sequences were obtained from 2304 minimally redundant clones. radioactive probes developed from rnas extracted from crown buds of either intact (para-dormant cont ...	2006	16786310
[studies on chemical constituents of euphorbia sororia].	to study the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of euphorbia sororia.	2006	17225538
chemical studies on the constituents of the chinese medicinal herb euphorbia helioscopia l.	euphoheliosnoid d (1), a new jatrophone-type diterpenoid, was isolated together with 22 known metabolites from the chinese medicinal herb euphorbia helioscopia l. the structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. compounds 14-23 were obtained from the species for the first time while compound 14, 2alpha-hydroxy helioscopinolide b, was isolated as a new natural product.	2006	16819227
genetic diversity in the mycoparasite sphaerellopsis filum inferred from aflp analysis and its-5.8s sequences.	genetic diversity among 51 isolates of the mycoparasite sphaerellopsis filum from melampsora rusts on willow and poplar was examined using aflp. genetic variation was relatively low among the isolates (nei & li's similarities > or =90). genetic diversity calculated using shannon index was 0.119 at loughgall, northern ireland, 0.109 at markington, northern england, 0.039 at craibstone, scotland, and 0.015 at long ashton, southwest england. at long ashton, 14 out of 16 isolates shared the same afl ...	2006	17020805
apparent 'sympatric' speciation in ecologically similar herbivorous beetles facilitated by multiple colonizations of an island.	coexistence of recently diverged and ecologically similar sister species in complete sympatry represents a particularly compelling case for sympatric speciation. this study investigates the possible sympatric origin of two coexisting bark beetle taxa that utilize the same host plant on the island of la palma in the canary islands. aphanarthrum subglabrum and aphanarthrum glabrum ssp. nudum breed inside dead twigs of euphorbia lamarckii plants and are closely related to the allopatric a. glabrum ...	2006	16911212
highly stable glycosylated serine protease from the medicinal plant euphorbia milii.	a serine protease, named as "milin" was purified to homogeneity from the latex of euphorbia milii, a medicinal plant of euphorbiaceae family. the molecular mass (sds-page), optimum ph and temperature of the enzyme were 51kda, ph 8.0 and 60 degrees c, respectively. milin retains full proteolytic activity over a wide range of ph (5.5-12) and temperature (up to 65 degrees c) with casein and azoalbumin as substrates. the activity of milin is inhibited by serine proteases inhibitors like pmsf, apmsf ...	2006	16839575
diterpenoids from the roots of euphorbia fischeriana.	from the dried roots of euphorbia fischeriana, seven new diterpenoids, 3alpha,17-dihydroxy-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene (1), 7beta,11beta,12beta-trihydroxy-ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (2), 17-acetoxyjolkinolide b (3), 13beta-hydroxy-ent-abiet-8(14)-en-7-one (4), 12-deoxyphorbaldehyde-13-acetate (5) 12-deoxyphorbaldehyde-13-hexadecacetate (6), and 12-deoxyphorbol-13-(9z)-octadecanoate-20-acetate (7), and two known compounds, 12-deoxyphorbol-13-decanoate (8) and prostratin (9), were isol ...	2006	16792421
ethnomedicines used in trinidad and tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus.	this paper is based on ethnobotanical interviews conducted from 1996-2000 in trinidad and tobago with thirty male and female respondents.	2006	17040567
kiom-79 inhibits lps-induced inos gene expression by blocking nf-kappab/rel and p38 kinase activation in murine macrophages.	we demonstrate that kiom-79, combined extracts obtained from magnolia officinalis, pueraria lobata, glycyrrhiza uralensis, and euphorbia pekinensis, inhibits lps-induced expression of inos gene in raw 264.7 cells. treatment of raw 264.7 cells with kiom-79 inhibited lps-stimulated nitric oxide production in a dose-related manner. immunohisto-chemical staining of inos and rt-pcr analysis showed that the decrease of no was due to the inhibition of inos gene expression. immunostaining of p65, emsa, ...	2006	16806764
euphoportlandols a and b, tetracylic diterpene polyesters from euphorbia portlandica and their anti-mdr effects in cancer cells.	two new tetracyclic diterpene polyesters, euphoportlandols a (1) and b (2), have been isolated along with 12 known tetracyclic triterpenes from an acetone extract of euphorbia portlandica. their structures were established as 5alpha,11alpha,14alpha,17-tetraacetoxy-3beta-benzoyloxy-6beta,15beta-dihydroxy-9-oxoseget-8(12)-ene (1) and 5alpha,11alpha,14alpha,17-tetraacetoxy-3beta-benzoyloxy-6beta,15beta-dihydroxy-9-oxosegetane (2), respectively, by spectroscopic data interpretation. compounds 1 and ...	2006	16792416
chemistry and biological activity of secondary metabolites in euphorbia from iran.	the chemical constituents of some species of euphorbia, which grow mostly in semi-desert areas in iran and on the alborz mountains in the north of tehran, have been found to include chemotaxonomically important myrsinane diterpenoids and cycloartane triterpenoids. the euphorbia plants collected in province of azarbaijan in the northwestern part of iran contained mostly derivatives of skin-irritating ingenol esters. some of the diterpenoids with myrsinane carbon skeleton inhibited enzymes such as ...	2006	16889806
[experimental study on the theraputic effect of crescent euphorbia on lewis lung cancer in mice].	to observe the inhibitory effects of crescent euphorbia on tumor growth, immunoregulation, the side effect on the mice blood system, cell cycle and to investigate its effect on apoptosis of tumor cells.	2006	17048650
screening of plants acting against heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom activity on fibroblast cell lysis.	the aqueous extracts of 64 plant species, listed as animal- or insect-bite antidotes in old thai drug recipes were screened for their activity against fibroblast cell lysis after heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom treatment. the venom was preincubated with plant extract for 30 min and furthered treated to confluent fibroblast cells for 30 min. more than 40% efficiency (test/control) was obtained from cell treatment with venom preincubated with extracts of andrographis paniculata nees (acanthac ...	2006	16169172
putranjivain a from euphorbia jolkini inhibits proliferation of human breast adenocarcinoma mcf-7 cells via blocking cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis.	putranjivain a, isolated from the whole plant of euphorbia jolkini bioss (euphorbiaceae), was investigated for its antiproliferative activity in human breast adenocarcinoma mcf-7 cells. the results showed that putranjivain a inhibited the proliferation of mcf-7 by blocking cell cycle progression in the g0/g1 phase and inducing apoptosis. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that putranjivain a increased the expression of p21/waf1 concomitantly as mcf-7 cell underwent g0/g1 arrest. an enhance ...	2006	16171837
effect of aqueous euphorbia hirta leaf extract on gastrointestinal motility.	the aqueous leaf extract of euphorbia hirta decreased the gastrointestinal motility in normal rats and decreased the effect of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice.	2006	16257136
a new guaiane diterpenoid from euphorbia wallichii.	a new guaiane-type diterpenoid, (1alpha,5beta,7alpha)-3,10(18),11-dictytriene-19-acid, was obtained from the roots of euphorbia wallichii. this is the first isolation of guaiane diterpene from this genus of euphorbia. the structure was elucidated by spectral methods. and the compound was tested for the cytotoxicities on the cancer cell line p-388 and a-549 in vitro.	2006	16286316
phytotoxic allelochemicals from roots and root exudates of leafy spurge (euphorbia esula l.).	invasive plants are a widespread problem but the mechanisms used by these plants to become invasive are often unknown. the production of phytotoxic natural products by invasive weeds is one mechanism by which these species may become successful competitors. here we conducted a bioactivity-driven fractionation of root extracts and exudates from the invasive plant leafy spurge (euphorbia esula l.), and structurally characterized jatrophane diterpenes and ellagic acid derivatives. ellagic acid deri ...	2006	19517003
protective effects of polysaccharide from euphorbia kansui (euphorbiaceae) on the swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress in mice.	the present study examined the effects of derivatives of galactosides and glucosides in a polysaccharide extract from euphorbia kansui (euphorbiaceae) on exercise-induced oxidative stress in mice. exhaustive swimming exercise significantly increases the degree of lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde content and reduces the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx). our findings revealed that chronic oral treatment with the extract elevates en ...	2006	17218972
diterpenoids and triterpenoids from euphorbia guyoniana.	two new compounds with tigliane and cycloartane skeletons: 4,12-dideoxy(4alpha)phorbol-13-hexadecanoate (1) and 24-methylenecycloartane-3,28-diol (2), respectively, in addition of four known diterpenoids and 13 triterpenoids: 3-benzoyloxy-5,15-diacetoxy-9,14-dioxojatropha-6(17),11-diene (4), ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (5), ent-8alpha,14alpha-epoxyabieta-11,13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (6), ent-3-hydroxyatis-16(17)-ene-2,14-dione (7), 3beta-hydroxytaraxer-14-en-28-oic acid (8), beta-sito ...	2007	17337022
lagaspholones a and b: two new jatropholane-type diterpenes from euphorbia lagascae.	[structure: see text] two new diterpenes, lagaspholones a (1) and b (2), have been isolated from the methanolic extract of euphorbia lagascae, along with the known compounds (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, scopoletin, dehydrodiconiferyl diacetate, 3-indolcarbaldehyde, and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. compounds 1 and 2 contain the rare jatropholane-type skeleton, characterized by a 5:6:7:3 fused ring system. a possible biosynthetic pathway ...	2007	17249794
macrocyclic lathyrane diterpenes as antitumor promoters.	human cytomegalovirus (cmv) preferentially infects tumor tissues and the accumulated cmv immediate-early (ie) antigen may lead to tumor promotion and progression. the development of strategies to inhibit human cmv ie antigen expression and/or function is an important goal to prevent and treat certain forms of cancers associated with human cmv. the aim of this study was to search for antitumor promoters from plant sources. the effect of six macrocyclic lathyrane-type diterpenoids, latilagascenes ...	2007	17352233
antibacterial activity of ergosterol peroxide against mycobacterium tuberculosis: dependence upon system and medium employed.	ergosterol peroxide, cycloart-23-en-3beta,25-diol, vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde have been isolated and characterized from a crude methanol extract of euphorbia lagascae. previous studies have shown contradictory results about the antibacterial activity of ergosterol peroxide against mycobacterium tuberculosis. in order to clarify this question, the activity of this compound was tested against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv atcc 27294 strain using two different systems: bactec 460tb (bact ...	2007	17357175
anti-anaphylactic effect of euphorbia hirta.	the euphorbia hirta ethanolic extract (eh a001) was found to possess a prominent anti-anaphylactic activity. a preventive effect of eh-a001 given by oral route at dose from 100 to 1000 mg/kg was observed against compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis. at the same range of dose, eh-a001 inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca) in rat and active paw anaphylaxis in mice. a suppressive effect of eh-a001 was observed on the release of tnf-alpha and il-6 from anti-dnp-hsa activated rat perit ...	2007	17643865
ethnomedicines used in trinidad and tobago for reproductive problems.	throughout history women have tried to control or enhance their fertility using herbal remedies, with various levels of societal support. caribbean folk medicine has been influenced by european folk medicine, either through the early spanish and french settlers or through the continuous immigration of spanish-speaking peoples from venezuela. some folk uses are ancient and were documented by galen and pliny the elder.	2007	17362507
kiom-79 inhibits high glucose or ages-induced vegf expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.	we evaluated whether kiom-79, a mixture of extracts obtained from puerariae lobata, magnolia officinalis, glycyrrhiza uralensis and euphorbia pekinensis, could inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) expression in human retinal pigment epithelial (rpe) cells cultured under high glucose (hg, 25mm) or s100b (a specific ligand of the receptor for advance glycation end products (rage), 5microg/ml). in this study, the effect of kiom-79 on hg or s100b-induced vegf expression was investigated ...	2007	17383127
habitat use and phenology of the large insular endemic grasshopper acrostira euphorbiae (orthoptera: pamphagidae).	the habitat use and the phenology of the large grasshopper acrostira euphorbiae garcía and oromí endemic to la palma (canary islands) are studied. this grasshopper is entirely dependent on the canarian endemic shrub euphorbia lamarckii both for food and to avoid predation. adults stay on subapical branches during the day, probably to reduce the risk of predation, and climb up to the apex at night to feed. while females seem to ensure the genetic diversity of offspring by waiting for visits by di ...	2007	17411476
three antinematodal diterpenes from euphorbia kansui.	three compounds, 20-o-acetyl-[3-o-(2'e,4'z)-decadienoyl]-ingenol (1), 20-o-acetyl-[5-o-(2'e,4'z)-decadienoyl]-ingenol (2) and 3-o-(2'e,4'z)-decadienoylingenol (3), were isolated from euphorbia kansui under the bioassay-guided method. each compound showed the same antinematodal activity against the nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, at a minimum effective dose (med) of 5 microg/cotton ball.	2007	17420578
an important lysine residue in copper/quinone-containing amine oxidases.	the interaction of xenon with copper/6-hydroxydopa (2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine) quinone (tpq) amine oxidases from the plant pulses lentil (lens esculenta) and pea (pisum sativum) (seedlings), the perennial mediterranean shrub euphorbia characias (latex), and the mammals cattle (serum) and pigs (kidney), were investigated by nmr and optical spectroscopy of the aqueous solutions of the enzymes. (129)xe chemical shift provided evidence of xenon binding to one or more cavities of all these enzym ...	2007	17433047
voluntary intake, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of fresh forages fed to guinea pigs in periurban rearing systems of kinshasa (democratic republic of congo).	the daily voluntary intake (dvi) of guinea pigs (gp) fed 15 fresh forages used in periurban rearing systems of kinshasa (democratic republic of congo) was investigated. in order to determine the best forages combination for gp diet, dvi was compared to their nutritional value measured in vitro using (1) a pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis, (2) an gas fermentation test on the hydrolysed residues with an inoculum prepared from gp faeces, and (3) the chemical composition of the offered feeds and the hyd ...	2007	17966272
sphingolipids with neuritogenic activity from euphorbia sororia.	two groups of sphingolipids 1 and 2 were isolated from the aerial parts of euphorbia sororia. on the basis of spectroscopic data, chemical methods and gc-ms analysis, the structures of 1 and 2 were characterized as 1-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(2s,3s,4r,8z)-2-[(2'r)-2'-hydroxydocosanoyl approximately hexacosanoyl, octacosanoyl amino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol-8-ene and (2s,3s,4r,8e)-2-[(2'r)-2'-hydroxyeicosanoyl approximately hexacosanoyl amino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol-8-ene, respectively. both of them e ...	2007	17540352
[effects of intercropping peanut with medicinal plants on soil microbial community].	with pot experiment, this paper studied the quantitative variations of bacteria, actinomyces, mould and yeast in soils of peanut intercropped with medicinal plants, aimed to test if such an intercropping pattern could remove the obstacles of peanut's continuous cropping. the results showed that atractylodes lancea and euphorbia pekinensis had the strongest inhibitory effect on mould. compared with ck (mono-cropping peanut), the cfu of mould in the treatments intercropped with a. lancea and e. pe ...	2007	17552215
paraliane and pepluane diterpenes as anti-inflammatory agents: first insights in structure-activity relationships.	two new diterpenes, named paralianone (2) and pepluene (3), based, respectively, on rare paraliane and pepluane skeletons, have been isolated from euphorbia paralias, together with two known analogues (4 and 5), and their stereostructure determined by spectroscopic methods. the isolated compounds were tested as anti-inflammatory agents in vitro for evaluating their ability to inhibit the nitric oxide production in lps-stimulated j774 murine macrophages. compound 4 showed the highest anti-inflamm ...	2007	17561395
review of potential environmental impacts of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean in brazil.	transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybeans (grs) have been commercialized and grown extensively in the western hemisphere, including brazil. worldwide, several studies have shown that previous and potential effects of glyphosate on contamination of soil, water, and air are minimal, compared to those caused by the herbicides that they replace when grs are adopted. in the usa and argentina, the advent of glyphosate-resistant soybeans resulted in a significant shift to reduced- and no-tillage practic ...	2007	17562462
wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the polish countryside: a review.	this paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18th century to the present day, within the present borders of poland.	2007	17433114
cytoprotective effects of kiom-79 on streptozotocin induced cell damage by inhibiting erk and ap-1.	the present study investigated the potential cytoprotective properties of a combination of plant extracts (kiom-79) obtained from magnolia officinalis, pueraria lobata, glycyrrhiza uralensis, and euphorbia pekinensis, against the oxidative stresses induced by streptozotocin (stz) in a rat pancreatic beta-cells (rinm5f). kiom-79 was found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros), thereby preventing dna damage and lipid peroxidation. the kiom-79 inhibited apoptosis of the beta-cells ...	2007	17473425
isolation of new phenylacetylingol derivatives that reactivate hiv-1 latency and a novel spirotriterpenoid from euphorbia officinarum latex.	three new, highly functionalized ingol diterpenes, ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-phenylacetate (1), ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetate (2) and 8-methoxyingol 7,12-diacetate 3-phenylacetate (3), together with the novel spirotriterpene, 3s,4s,5r,7s,9r,14r-3,7-dihydroxy-4,14-dimethyl-7[8-->9]-abeo-cholestan-8-one (4), have been isolated from euphorbia officinarum latex. structures were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data, including two-dimensional nmr analysis and noe e ...	2007	17481906
[the virtue of that precious balsam...: approach to don quixote from the psychopharmacological perspective].	the most outstanding novel of the spanish literature, don quixote, represents the source to which the different specialists who intend to deepen their knowledge of the late renaissance society usually address. this masterpiece of miguel de cervantes has been frequently approached from the psychopathological perspective to obtain a psychiatric diagnosis of its main character, alonso quijano. also, other clinical approaches from the traumatological and general therapeutical view (oils, ointments, ...	2007	17508291
in vitro anti-helicobacter pylori activity of extracts of selected medicinal plants from north west cameroon.	helicobacter pylori, a gram negative microaerophilic bacterium is a major etiological agent in duodenal, peptic and gastric ulcers. the growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources.	2007	17913416
purification of euphorbia characias latex peroxidase by calmodulin-affinity chromatography.	a new procedure to purify to homogeneity an euphorbia characias latex peroxidase is performed employing a calmodulin-sepharose column as affinity chromatography. the advantage of this approach is the isolation of a peroxidase under fast and mild elution conditions with a high recovery in total activity.	2007	17511348
reproductive activity alterations on the biomphalaria glabrata exposed to euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex.	the reproductive activity of biomphalaria glabrata exposed to euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex was evaluated. parameters related to fecundity and fertility were observed. the snails were exposed to the ld50 (1 mg/l) of crude latex. at the first week post exposure (p.e.), the egg laying was reduced. after the fourth week p.e., an increase of the number of eggs/snail occurred. the results showed a marked reduction in the hatching of the snails, revealing an interference of latex exposure wi ...	2007	17923993
content of nutrient and antinutrient in edible flowers of wild plants in mexico.	nutrient and antinutritional/toxic factors present in some edible flowers consumed in mexico were determined. the edible flowers were: agave salmiana, aloe vera, arbutus xalapensis, cucurbita pepo (cultivated), erythrina americana, erythrina caribaea, euphorbia radians benth and yucca filifera. the nutrient content in the flowers studied is similar to that of the edible leaves and flowers studied mainly in africa. the moisture content of the flowers varied from 860 to 932 g kg(-1). crude protein ...	2007	17768684
screening of antioxidant activity of three euphorbia species from turkey.	euphorbia acanthothamnos, e. macroclada and e. rigida were investigated for their antioxidant activity. the antioxidant potential of extracts of e. acanthothamnos, e. macroclada and e. rigida was evaluated using different complementary antioxidant tests.	2007	17582698
euphorbia lactea sap keratouveitis: case report and review of the literature.	to describe a case of euphorbia lactea sap keratouveitis and to review all reported cases of ocular toxicity caused by euphorbia species.	2007	17592331
expression of the gene for sterol-biosynthesis enzyme squalene epoxidase in parenchyma cells of the oil plant, euphorbia tirucalli.	in plants, phytosterols and triterpenes are major secondary metabolites. in an attempt to reveal the mechanism for synthesis and storage of these compounds, we isolated and characterized cdna clones for squalene epoxidase (se), from a succulent shrub, euphorbia tirucalli. southern-blot analysis of total dna using cdna fragment as a probe showed that the e. tirucalli squalene epoxidase gene (etse) is single-copy type in terms of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). deduced amino-acid ...	2007	17569082
catalase and antiquitin from euphorbia characias: two proteins involved in plant defense?	here we report the cdna nucleotide sequences of a calmodulin-binding catalase and an antiquitin from the latex of the mediterranean shrub euphorbia characias. present findings suggest that catalase and antiquitin might represent additional nodes in the euphorbia defense systems, and a multi-enzymatic interaction contributing to plant's protection against biotic and abiotic stresses is proposed to occur in e. characias laticifers.	2007	17573704
allose gallates suppress expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through attenuation of nf-kappab in human mast cells.	gallotannins are plant-derived, water-soluble polyphenols with wide-ranging biological activities. mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation is known to cause many diseases such as asthma, sinusitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. mast cells induce synthesis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1beta, and il-6 with immune regulatory properties. expression of inflammatory cytokines is mainly regulated by a transcription factor, nucle ...	2007	17599281
comparative ultrastructural analyses of platelets and fibrin networks using the murine model of asthma.	the murine balb/c asthma model has been used successfully for a number of in vivo immunological applications and for testing novel therapeutics, and it is a reliable, clinically relevant facsimile of the human disease. here we investigate whether this model can be used to study other components of the human body, e.g. ultrastructure. in particular, we investigate the effect of the phytomedicine euphorbia hirta (used to treat asthma), on the ultrastructure of fibrin as well as platelets, cellular ...	2007	17600694
molecular and morphological characterization of leveillula (ascomycota: erysiphales) on monocotyledonous plants.	leveillula on monocotyledonous plants have been recorded as l. taurica by several authors, whereas the fungus on allium has been described as an independent species, namely l. allii, by some authors. we sequenced ca 600bp of the rdna its region for two leveillula specimens from allium and polianthes (both from monocotyledons) and compared them with several already published sequences from leveillula isolates from dicotyledons. pair-wise percentages of sequence divergences were calculated for all ...	2007	17601717
lathyranone a: a diterpenoid possessing an unprecedented skeleton from euphorbia lathyris.	lathyranone a (1), a novel diterpenoid with a rearrangement skeleton, along with a known diterpenoid, euphorbia factor l(11) (2), was isolated from the seeds of euphorbia lathyris. the structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. a possible biosynthetic pathway for lathyranone a (1) was proposed.	2007	17637035
biogenetical related highly oxygenated macrocyclic diterpenes from sea spurge euphorbia paralias.	a new tricyclic diterpenoid, named pre-segetanin (1), and two new diterpenes, named segetanin a and b (2 and 3), the latter based on the rare segetane skeleton, have been identified from the whole plant of sea spurge along with four known segetane diterpenes (4-7). among them, pre-segetanin (1) has an unprecedented carbon skeleton, whose isolation provides a first insight into the biosynthesis of diterpenoids with a segetane skeleton. the stereostructure elucidation of the isolated metabolites w ...	2007	17665924
[study on chemical constituents of euphorbia hylonoma hand. -mazz].	to study the constituents of the roots of euphorbia hylonoma hand. -mazz.	2007	17674791
preliminary identification and coat protein gene phylogenetic relationships of begomoviruses associated with native flora and cultivated plants from the yucatan peninsula of mexico.	a number of native and cultivated eudicots in the yucatan peninsula of mexico (ypm) exhibit symptoms associated with virus infection. symptomatic leaves were collected and assessed for begomoviral detection using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and universal primers that amplify a fragment of the coat protein gene (core cp). begomovirus were detected in nine native and seven cultivated species, representing seven eudicot families. dna extracts from the 16 hosts were used for pcr amplification a ...	2007	17682933
inhibition of mrp1 transport activity by phenolic and terpenic compounds isolated from euphorbia species.	a search for inhibitors of multidrug resistance (mdr)-associated protein 1 (mrp1) was performed among the compounds isolated from euphorbia species, plants traditionally used in folk medicine.	2007	18225583
[poisoning due to tropical spurges: description of two cases].		2007	17784690
fungal control of pathogenic fungi isolated from wild plants in taif governorate, saudia arabia.	twenty two plants were collected from taif governorate and identified as: euphorbia glomerifera, juniperus procera, launaea mucronata, capparis dcidua, punica granatum, opuntia ficus, prunus persica, eucalyptus globulus, medicago sativa, artemisia monosperma, trichodesma calathiforme, artemisia judaica, foeniculum vulgare, phagnalon sinaicum, rumex dentatus, asphodelus aestives, pulicaria crispa, launae sonchoides, forsskaolea tenacissima, arnebia hispidissima, avena spp and aerva lanata. pathog ...	2007	18928069
[studies on the methods of extract and determination of total tannins and gallic acids of the root of euphorbia hylonoma].	to determine total tannins and gallic acid of the root of euphorbia hyloomla.	2007	18323208
comparative ontogeny of the cyathium in euphorbia (euphorbiaceae) and its allies: exploring the organ-flower-inflorescence boundary.	we present a detailed comparative ontogenetic analysis of pseudanthia of representatives of all three subtribes of euphorbieae (euphorbiinae, neoguillauminiinae, anthosteminae) in order to clarify their homologies and interpretation. the cyathium of euphorbia and its allies (subtribe euphorbiinae) closely resembles a bisexual flower but is traditionally interpreted as an inflorescence bearing clusters of highly reduced male flowers surrounding a single terminal female flower. previously unreport ...	2007	21151828
euphorbia factor l(8): a diterpenoid from the seeds of euphorbia lathyris.	the title compound [systematic name: (2s,3s,4r,5r,9s,11s,15r*)-5,15-diacet-oxy-3-nicotino-yloxy-14-oxolathyra-6(17),12(e)-diene], c(30)h(37)no(7), was isolated from the seeds of euphorbia lathyris. the tricyclic diterpenoid molecule contains an 11-membered ring, a five-membered ring exhibiting an envelope conformation and a three-membered ring. the 11-membered ring is cis-fused with the three-membered ring and trans-fused with the five-membered ring.	2007	21200892
new mdr modulators and apoptosis inducers from euphorbia species.	several macrocyclic diterpenes with jatrophane or lathyrane skeletons were isolated from methanol extracts of hungarian euphorbia species and evaluated for multidrug resistance (mdr)-reversing activity on a human colon cancer cell line. mdr-reversing activity was tested by using a standard functional assay with rhodamine 123 as a fluorescent substrate analogue of epirubicin. in the model of combination chemotherapy, the interactions between epirubicin and certain resistance modifiers were studie ...	2007	17970094
potential roles for autophosphorylation, kinase activity, and abundance of a cdk-activating kinase (ee;cdkf;1) during growth in leafy spurge.	leafy spurge (euphorbia esula l.) is a deep-rooted perennial weed that propagates both by seeds and underground adventitious buds located on the crown and roots. to enhance our understanding of growth and development during seed germination and vegetative propagation, a leafy spurge gene (accession no. af230740) encoding a cdk-activating kinase (ee;cdkf;1) involved in cell-cycle progression was identified, and its function was confirmed based on its ability to rescue a yeast temperature-sensitiv ...	2007	17063377
ferulic acid esters from euphorbia hylonoma.	octacosyl cis-ferulate (1), along with the trans isomer (2), cholest-5-en-3beta-ylhexadecanoate, chrysophanol and octadecanoic acid was isolated from the roots of euphorbia hylonoma.	2007	17067756
toxicological screening of euphorbia tirucalli l.: developmental toxicity studies in rats.	euphorbia tirucalli (euphorbiaceae family), an environmental risk factor for burkitt's lymphoma, also presents pharmacological activities. in the northeast region of brazil its latex is used as an antimicrobial, antiparasitic in the treatment of coughs, rheumatism, cancer and other maladies as folk remedy. the present work concerns its developmental toxicity in rats. wistar rats on the first day post-coitum (dpc) were grouped as control (distilled water) and treated (latex aqueous solution) grou ...	2007	17070002
ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in jordan, the ajloun heights region.	the study of local knowledge about natural resources is becoming increasingly important in defining strategies and actions for conservation of medicinal plants. this study therefore sought to collect information from local population concerning the use of ajloun heights region medicinal plants; identify the most important species used; determine the relative importance of the species surveyed and calculate the informant consensus factor (icf) in relation to medicinal plant use. data collection r ...	2007	17097250
two-state irreversible thermal denaturation of euphorbia characias latex amine oxidase.	thermal denaturation of euphorbia latex amine oxidase (elao) has been studied by enzymatic activity, circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry. thermal denaturation of elao is shown to be an irreversible process. checking the validity of two-state it really describes satisfactorily the thermal denaturation of elao. based on this model we obtain the activation energy, parameter t(*) (the absolute temperature at which the rate constant of denaturation is equal to 1 min(-1)), and tot ...	2007	16971037
proceedings of the first international conference on pep005.	the sap of euphorbia peplus, commonly know as 'petty spurge', 'radium weed' or 'milkweed' has been used for centuries as a traditional treatment for skin conditions, including warts, corns and cancers of the skin. documentation of its use by medical professionals to treat basal cell carcinoma (bcc) dates from the early 19 century. individuals who participated in a 1988 survey of home treatments for cancer indicated the sap of e. peplus was an effective cure for actinic lesions leading the invest ...	2007	17264770
anti-arthritic activity of a biopolymeric fraction from euphorbia tirucalli.	the present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-arthritic activity of a biopolymeric fraction (bet) from plant euphorbia tirucalli boiss (euphorbiaceae). the fraction showed dose dependent anti-arthritic activity and also showed in vivo immunomodulatory capacity being a major component in inhibiting arthritis. it caused suppression of cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells, inhibition of intracellular interleukin-2 (il-2) and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) by flowcytometry. it inhibited vascular perme ...	2007	17088037
anti-proliferative effect of euphorbia stenoclada in human airway smooth muscle cells in culture.	the ethanolic extract of a malagasy species euphorbia stenoclada (es) (euphorbiaceae), traditionally used as a herbal remedy against asthma and acute bronchitis, was tested to evaluate possible anti-proliferative activity on human airway smooth muscle cells (hasmc). the es ethanolic extract totally abolished the interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) induced proliferation of hasmc (ic(50)=0.73+/-0.08 microg/ml). no cytotoxic effect was observed up to 20 microg/ml. a bioassay-guided fractionation of the et ...	2007	16971077
molecular authentication of the traditional chinese medicinal plant euphorbia pekinensis.	the its regions of euphorbia pekinensis and six other euphorbia species used as adulterants of e. pekinensis were sequenced to differentiate them. the sequences are identical among the individuals in the seven species studies. diversity in dna sequences among various species was found ranging from 8.3% to 43.8% in its1 and 7.6% to 36.6% in its2 region. furthermore, based on the divergent its regions, species-specific primers, jdjp 1 and jdjp 2, were designed in the polymorphic regions of e. peki ...	2007	17128389
apoptosis induction and modulation of p-glycoprotein mediated multidrug resistance by new macrocyclic lathyrane-type diterpenoids.	the macrocyclic lathyrane diterpenes, latilagascenes d-f (1-3) and jolkinol b (4), were isolated from the methanol extract of euphorbia lagascae, and evaluated for multidrug resistance reversing activity on mouse lymphoma cells. all compounds displayed very strong activity compared with that of the positive control, verapamil. the structure-activity relationship is discussed. the evaluation of compounds 1 and 4, and of latigascenes a-c (5-7), isolated from the same species, as apoptosis-inducers ...	2007	17035027
the lethality of euphorbia conspicua to adults of biomphalaria glabrata, cercaria of schistosoma mansoni and larvae of artemia salina.	leaf extracts of euphorbia conspicua (euphorbiaceae), together with the latex and fractions derived therefrom, were evaluated for their molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities and their toxicities to brine shrimps. whilst the leaf extracts were inactive against biomphalaria glabrata, the latex, its triterpenic fraction and irritant fractions i and ii exhibited high activities against adult snails with lc90 values of 4.87, 10.55, 0.64 and 0.10 microg/ml, respectively. the latex and its derived ...	2007	16458000
identification of begomoviruses infecting crops and weeds in belize.	plants including pepper, red kidney bean, squash, string bean and tomato, as well as weeds with viral symptoms were collected from five districts in belize over a three year period with the aim of determining the diversity of the begomoviruses present. sixty five percent of the samples screened via dna hybridization produced signals indicative of begomovirus infection. subsequent pcr amplifications and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed the presence of four begomoviruses in belize. pepper gol ...	2008	20596296
effect of cycloart-24-en-3beta-ol from euphorbia royleana latex on neuroenzyme ache and oxidative metabolism of freshwater fish, channa punctatus.	cycloart-24-en-3beta-ol isolated from euphorbia royleana latex possesses potent piscicidal activity against freshwater predatory fish channa punctatus. their short as well as long-term exposure causes significant (p<0.05) time and dose-dependent reversible alteration in the oxidative metabolism of the fish channa punctatus cycloart-24-en-3beta-ol also shifts fish respiratory pathway, inhibits energy production and ache activity reversibly may be advantageous for their use as environmentally safe ...	2008	20161954
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of poinsettia, euphorbia pulcherrima, with virus-derived hairpin rna constructs confers resistance to poinsettia mosaic virus.	agrobacterium-mediated transformation for poinsettia (euphorbia pulcherrima willd. ex klotzsch) is reported here for the first time. internode stem explants of poinsettia cv. millenium were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain lba 4404, harbouring virus-derived hairpin (hp) rna gene constructs to induce rna silencing-mediated resistance to poinsettia mosaic virus (pnmv). prior to transformation, an efficient somatic embryogenesis system was developed for poinsettia cv. millenium in w ...	2008	18327592
chromosome number and cytogenetics of euphorbia heterophylla l.	euphorbia heterophylla l. (euphorbiaceae) is a herbaceous species of great economic importance due to its invasive potential and consequent damage to agriculture and pasture land. for the first time, we provide information on its chromosome number, morphology, and behavior of mitotic chromosomes. seeds were germinated and submitted to four treatments to obtain metaphases: 0.5% colchicine for 2 to 5 h, at ambient temperature; 0.5% colchicine for 16 to 24 h; 0.0029 m 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-hq) for ...	2008	18393225
two new diterpenes from euphorbia kansuensis.	two new lathyrane diterpenes, 3beta,5alpha-dihydroxy-15beta-cinnamoyloxy-14-oxolathyra-6z,12e -diene (1) and 3beta,5alpha,20-trihydroxy-15beta-cinnamoyloxy-14-oxolathyra-6z,12e-diene (2), were isolated from the roots of euphorbia kansuensis. their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods.	2008	18372116
effects of protein kinase c modulation by pep005, a novel ingenol angelate, on mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in cancer cells.	pep005 (ingenol-3-angelate) is a novel anticancer agent extracted from euphorbia peplus that was previously shown to modulate protein kinase c (pkc), resulting in antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in several human cancer cell lines. in colo205 colon cancer cells, exposure to pep005 induced a time- and concentration-dependent decrease of cells in s phase of cell cycle and apoptosis. in colo205 cells exposed to pep005, a variety of signaling pathways were activated as shown by increased p ...	2008	18413805