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a canopy architectural model to study the competitive ability of chickpea with sowthistle.improving the competitive ability of crops is a sustainable method of weed management. this paper shows how a virtual plant model of competition between chickpea (cicer arietinum) and sowthistle (sonchus oleraceus) can be used as a framework for discovering and/or developing more competitive chickpea cultivars.200818375962
the accumulation of a kunitz trypsin inhibitor from chickpea (tpi-2) located in cell walls is increased in wounded leaves and elongating epicotyls.here, we report the identification and characterization of catpi-2, which is a member of a cicer arietinum gene family encoding kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors with at least two members -catpi-1 and catpi-2. the widespread mrna accumulation of catpi-2 in all the different organs of 4-day-old etiolated seedlings and in stem internodes differs from the more specific cicer arietinum trypsin proteinase inhibitor-1 (catpi-1) transcription. after the generation of polyclonal antibodies against the r ...200818275462
[studies on chemical constituents in seeds of cicer arietinum].to study the chemical constituents in seeds of cicer arietinum, so that to find bioactive natural products.200718027659
proteomics approach to identify dehydration responsive nuclear proteins from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).dehydration or water-deficit is one of the most important environmental stress factors that greatly influences plant growth and development and limits crop productivity. plants respond and adapt to such stress by altering their cellular metabolism and activating various defense machineries. mechanisms that operate signal perception, transduction, and downstream regulatory events provide valuable information about the underlying pathways involved in environmental stress responses. the nuclear pro ...200817921517
transcriptional profiling of chickpea genes differentially regulated in response to high-salinity, cold and drought.cultivated chickpea (cicer arietinum) has a narrow genetic base making it difficult for breeders to produce new elite cultivars with durable resistance to major biotic and abiotic stresses. as an alternative to genome mapping, microarrays have recently been applied in crop species to identify and assess the function of putative genes thought to be involved in plant abiotic stress and defence responses. in the present study, a cdna microarray approach was taken in order to determine if the transc ...200717764573
non-parametric estimation and component analysis of phenotypic stability in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).in order to determine phenotypic stability and contribution of yield components in the phenotypic stability of grain yield 21 genotypes of chickpea were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under rainfed and irrigated conditions in college of agriculture, razi university of kermanshah, iran, across 4 years. non-parametric combined analysis of variance showed high significant differences for genotypes and genotype-environment interaction indicating the presence ...200719070076
development of an integrated intraspecific map of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) using two recombinant inbred line populations.a composite intraspecific linkage map of chickpea was developed by integrating individual maps developed from two f(8:9) ril populations with one common parent. different molecular markers viz. rapd, issr, rga, ssr and asap were analyzed along with three yield related traits: double podding, seeds per pod and seed weight. a total of 273 markers and 186 rils were used to generate the map with eight linkage groups at a lod score of >/=3.0 and maximum recombination fraction of 0.4. the map spanned ...200717503013
isolation and characterization of a lectin gene from seeds of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).a cdna library was constructed in lambda triplex2 vector using poly (a(+)) rna from immature seeds of cicer arietinum. the lectin gene was isolated from seeds of chickpea through library screening and race-pcr. the full-length cdna of chichpea seed lectin(cpgl)is 972 bp and contains a 807 bp open reading frame encoding a 268 amino acid protein. analysis shows that cpsl gene has strong homology with other legume lectin genes. phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of two main clusters and cle ...200717454004
growth and biochemical parameters of cicer arietinum l. grown on amended fly ash.growth and metal accumulation were investigated in two cicer arietinum l. varieties (var. csg-8962 and var. c-235) when grown in various combinations of fly ash (fa) amended with garden soil (gs), press mud (pm) or saw dust (sd). in addition, the levels of photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase (nr) activity, cysteine, non-protein thiols (np-sh), and ascorbic acid were studied. fa amended with gs or pm led to a 5-10 times increase in biomass compared to fa control and was most pronounced in ...200717342436
improvement in symbiotic efficiency of chickpea (cicer arietinum) by coinoculation of bacillus strains with mesorhizobium sp. cicer.rhizobacteria belonging to bacillus sp. were isolated from the rhizosphere of chickpea (cicer arietinum). ten bacillus strains were studied for their antifungal activity, effect on seedling emergence and plant growth promotion. two bacillus strains cbs127 and cbs155 inhibited the growth of all the four pathogenic fungi tested on nutrient agar medium plates in vitro. seed inoculation with different bacillus strains showed stimulatory effect on root and shoot growth at 10 d of observation in compa ...200723100640
microscale size triangular gold prisms synthesized using bengal gram beans (cicer arietinum l.) extract and haucl4x3h20: a green biogenic approach.single step and completely green room temperature biosynthesis of microscale size triangular gold prisms (approximately 25 nm thick) using remnant water collected from soaked bengal gram beans (cicer arietinum l.) is reported for the first time. extracellular transport of protein and biomolecules from protein rich gram beans mediate the reduction of aqueous au3+ ions and direct the growth of triangular prisms. the growth of triangular gold prisms is monitored by uv-vis spectrometer and supported ...200617256324
structural basis for dual functionality of isoflavonoid o-methyltransferases in the evolution of plant defense responses.in leguminous plants such as pea (pisum sativum), alfalfa (medicago sativa), barrel medic (medicago truncatula), and chickpea (cicer arietinum), 4'-o-methylation of isoflavonoid natural products occurs early in the biosynthesis of defense chemicals known as phytoalexins. however, among these four species, only pea catalyzes 3-o-methylation that converts the pterocarpanoid isoflavonoid 6a-hydroxymaackiain to pisatin. in pea, pisatin is important for chemical resistance to the pathogenic fungus ne ...200617172354
residual fate and persistence of endosulfan (50 wdg) in bengal gram (cicer arietinum).residual fate and dissipation pattern of endosulfan (50 wdg) in soil and plant was studied by gas liquid chromatography following twice applications (at 350 g and 700 g a.i. ha(-1)) in chick-pea, bengal gram (cicer arietinum) at vegetative and flowering stages of the crop. the initial residues of endosulfan (alpha + beta + endosulfan sulfate) in plant following second application was 23.40-57.91 microg g(-1) and its maximum deposit in soil was 1.00-2.45 microg g(-1) after 1 day. dissipation foll ...200717171238
genetic evidence for gametophytic selection of wilt resistant alleles in chickpea.gametophytic selection can drastically reduce the number of selection cycles during crop improvement programs. the objective of the present investigation was to test whether the nature of inheritance of two unlinked disease-resistant loci, h(1) and h(2), against fusarium wilt in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) under gametophytic (pollen) selection was similar to that already observed at sporophytic level. a homozygous dominant (h(1)h(1)h(2)h(2)) susceptible genotype jg-62 was crossed to a recessiv ...200717143648
transcriptional profiling of cell wall protein genes in chickpea embryonic axes during germination and growth.cell wall hydrolases have been assumed to be involved in the regulation of seed germination, mostly through their contribution to the cell wall disassembly associated with endosperm cap weakening. in cicer arietinum (a non-endospermic leguminosae seed), we have focused our research directly on the elongation process of the embryonic axes themselves during germination. the genes encoding cell wall proteins, previously implicated in the elongation of chickpea epicotyls, might also be involved in t ...201617110120
the role of abscisic acid and low temperature in chickpea (cicer arietinum) cold tolerance. ii. effects on plasma membrane structure and function.the frost hardiness of many plants such as chickpea can be increased by exposure to low non-freezing temperatures and/or the application of abscisic acid (aba), a process known as frost acclimation. experiments were conducted to study the response over a 14 d period of enriched plasma membrane fractions isolated from chickpea plants exposed to low temperature and sprayed with exogenous aba. measurement of the temperatures inducing 50% foliar cell death (lt50), and subsequent statistical analysis ...200616990370
plant water status, ethylene evolution, n(2)-fixing efficiency, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in cicer arietinum l. nodules as affected by short-term salinization and desalinization.salinity induced changes in ethylene evolution, antioxidant defense system, n(2)-fixing efficiency and membrane integrity in relation to water and mineral status in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) nodules were studied under screen house conditions. at vegetative stage (55-65 das) plants were exposed to single saline irrigation (cl(-) dominated) of levels 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0dsm(-1) and sampled after 3d. the other set of treated plants was desalinized by flooding and the plants were sampled after f ...200716987567
legumedb1 bioinformatics resource: comparative genomic analysis and novel cross-genera marker identification in lupin and pasture legume species.the identification of markers in legume pasture crops, which can be associated with traits such as protein and lipid production, disease resistance, and reduced pod shattering, is generally accepted as an important strategy for improving the agronomic performance of these crops. it has been demonstrated that many quantitative trait loci (qtls) identified in one species can be found in other plant species. detailed legume comparative genomic analyses can characterize the genome organization betwe ...200616936848
deterrent activity of plant lectins on cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (f.) oviposition.a set of 14 plant lectins was screened in a binary choice bioassay for inhibitory activity on cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (f.) oviposition. coating of chickpea seeds (cicer arietinum l.) with a 0.05% (w/v) solution of plant lectins caused a significant reduction in egg laying. control experiments with heat inactivated lectin and bsa indicated that the observed deterrent effects are specific and require carbohydrate-binding activity. however, no clear correlation could be established b ...200616887156
extracellular matrix proteome of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) illustrates pathway abundance, novel protein functions and evolutionary perspect.the extracellular matrix (ecm) or cell wall is a dynamic system and serves as the first line mediator in cell signaling to perceive and transmit extra- and intercellular signals in many pathways. although ecm is a conserved compartment ubiquitously present throughout evolution, a compositional variation does exist among different organisms. ecm proteins account for 10% of the ecm mass, however, comprise several hundreds of different molecules with diverse functions. to understand the function of ...200616823979
quantitative genetics of preference and performance on chickpeas in the noctuid moth, helicoverpa armigera.if a novel, resistant host-plant genotype arises in the environment, insect populations utilising that host must be able to overcome that resistance in order that they can maintain their ability to feed on that host. the ability to evolve resistance to host-plant defences depends upon additive genetic variation in larval performance and adult host-choice preference. to investigate the potential of a generalist herbivore to respond to a novel resistant host, we estimated the heritability of larva ...200616570068
rhizosphere carboxylate concentrations of chickpea are affected by soil bulk density.we investigated whether carboxylate exudation by chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) was affected by soil bulk density and if this effect was local or systemic. we hypothesised that concentrations of carboxylates would increase with distance from the root apex due to continuous and constitutive accumulation of carboxylates, and that exudate accumulation would be greater in a compacted soil than in a loose soil. plants were grown in split-root or single cylinders containing loose (1400 kg m (-3)) or co ...200616547864
development of microsatellite markers and analysis of intraspecific genetic variability in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).paucity of polymorphic molecular markers in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) has been a major limitation in the improvement of this important legume. hence, in an attempt to develop sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (stms) markers from chickpea, a microsatellite enriched library from the c. arietinum cv. pusa362 nuclear genome was constructed for the identification of (ca/gt)n and (ct/ga)n microsatellite motifs. a total of 92 new microsatellites were identified, of which 74 functional stms prime ...200616534564
chemical hybridizing agents for chickpea (cicer arietinum l.): leads from qsar analysis of ethyl oxanilates and pyridones.in the self-pollinated crops such as chickpea, induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (chas) facilitating "two-line" approach holds immense potential in heterosis breeding. a total of 40 test chas comprising 20 ethyl oxanilates and 20 pyridones were screened as potential chas on chickpea (variety bg 1088) at 500, 800, and 1000 ppm. three test compounds mostly having either f (4)/br (5)/cf(3) (19) at the para position of the aryl ring from a pool of 20 ethyl oxan ...200616506846
differences in responses to iron deficiency between two legumes: lentil (lens culinaris) and chickpea (cicer arietinum).two legumes, lentil and chickpea, were cultivated in nutrient solutions: fe lacking or containing 30 microm fe. after 12 days of fe starvation, lentil showed a severe yellowing of young leaves, a large decrease in chlorophyll concentration, and a significant decline of plant biomass. chickpea showed a better response than did lentil, primarily due to a stronger acidification capacity. in addition, no chlorosis symptoms were observed in chickpea until the end of treatment. there was no significan ...200516323275
toxic effect of lead (pb++) on certain biochemical parameters in gram (cicer arietinum l.) seedlings. 200516228874
lupine inhalation induced asthma in a child.the ingestion of lupine seed flour has been reported as a cause of allergic reactions. there is some evidence of its allergenic potential after inhalation. an 8-year-old asthmatic child, who was allergic to peanut, was studied in our clinic with the suspicion of an adverse drug reaction due to salbutamol. he suffered an asthma attack while playing with his brother, who had been eating lupine seed as snack; surprisingly, the asthma attack worsened with salbutamol. the skin tests showed a positive ...200516176404
podborer (helicoverpa armigera hübn.) does not show specific adaptations in gut proteinases to dietary cicer arietinum kunitz proteinase inhibitor.we investigated the response of helicoverpa armigera larvae towards ingestion of cicer arietinum kunitz proteinase inhibitor (cakpi), which caused antagonistic effects on developing h. armigera larvae. cakpi-degrading proteinases were not detectable in either control or sensitized larvae. there were negligible increases in total proteinase activity, as well as in trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activities of h. armigera gut proteinases (hgps). decrease in sensitivity of hgps to inhibition by ...200516140320
development of ests from chickpea roots and their use in diversity analysis of the cicer genus.chickpea is a major crop in many drier regions of the world where it is an important protein-rich food and an increasingly valuable traded commodity. the wild annual cicer species are known to possess unique sources of resistance to pests and diseases, and tolerance to environmental stresses. however, there has been limited utilization of these wild species by chickpea breeding programs due to interspecific crossing barriers and deleterious linkage drag. molecular genetic diversity analysis may ...200516107212
in vivo expression of a cicer arietinum beta-galactosidase in potato tubers leads to a reduction of the galactan side-chains in cell wall pectin.we report the generation of solanum tuberosum transformants expressing cicer arietinum betaiii-gal. betaiii-gal is a beta-galactosidase able to degrade cell wall pectins during cell wall loosening that occurs prior to cell elongation. cdna corresponding to the gene encoding this protein was identified among several chickpea beta-galactosidase cdnas, and named canbgal-3. canbgal-3 cdna was expressed in potato under the control of the granule-bound starch synthase promoter. three betaiii-gal trans ...200516076877
physico-chemical characteristics, water absorption, soaking and cooking properties of some sicilian populations of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).the physical and physico-chemical properties of several kabuli chickpeas originating from sicily (south italy) were determined. twelve genotypes in all, including two controls (ilc484, of the icarda genebank, and 'calia', a traditional italian cultivar), were analysed. a large variability among genotypes was ascertained for swelling capacity (coefficient of variation [cv] = 27.9%), swelling index (cv = 30.5%) and calcium content (cv = 39.3%). the lowest variability was observed for seed coat (cv ...200416019298
the possibility of useful usage of biodegradation products of sunflower plants.heads of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) were first biodegraded at 55 degrees c by their microflora. biodegradation products of sunflower heads (bpsh) were analyzed. they were found to contain 9.77% dry matter, 3.98% total ash, 3.18% crude protein and 5.75% total organic matter. bod load was determined as 4.80 g/100 g. subsequently, the effects of bpsh at various concentrations (1.0%, 2.5%, 10% and 100%) on the seed germination and some growth parameters of phaseolus vulgaris l., cicer arietinu ...200615922594
quantitative trait loci governing carotenoid concentration and weight in seeds of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).chickpea is a staple protein source in many asian and middle eastern countries. the seeds contain carotenoids such as beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin in amounts above the engineered beta-carotene-containing "golden rice" level. thus, breeding for high carotenoid concentration in seeds is of nutritional, socio-economic, and economic importance. to study the genetics governing seed carotenoids in chickpea, we studied the relationship between seed weight and concentrations of be ...200515918010
the gene for a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase from cicer arietinum is strongly expressed in elongating tissues.we have isolated a cicer arietinum cdna clone (caxth1) encoding a protein that belongs to the family 16 of glycosyl hydrolases and has all the conserved features of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (xth) proteins, including the presence of a highly conserved domain (deidfeflg) and four cys which suggest the potential for forming disulfide bonds. these facts indicate that caxth1 encodes a putative xth. this chickpea protein showed a high level of sequence identity with group 1 xths that ...200515820665
a linkage map of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) based on populations from kabuli x desi crosses: location of genes for resistance to fusarium wilt race 0.two recombinant inbred line (ril) populations derived from intraspecific crosses with a common parental line (jg62) were employed to develop a chickpea genetic map. molecular markers, flower colour, double podding, seed coat thickness and resistance to fusarium wilt race 0 (foc-0) were included in the study. joint segregation analysis involved a total of 160 markers and 159 rils. ten linkage groups (lgs) were obtained that included morphological markers and 134 molecular markers (3 issrs, 13 stm ...200515806343
standardization of cage techniques to screen chickpeas for resistance to helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in greenhouse and field conditions.because of variations in insect populations and staggered flowering of chickpea, cicer arietinum l., genotypes, it is difficult to compare the genotypic performance across seasons and locations. we standardized a cage technique to screen chickpeas for resistance to helicoverpa armigera (hübner). leaf feeding by the larvae was significantly lower on icc 506 than on iccc 37 when the seedlings were infested with 20 neonates per five plants at 15 d after seedling emergence or 10 neonates per three p ...200515765685
development of combined imbibition and hydrothermal threshold models to simulate maize (zea mays) and chickpea (cicer arietinum) seed germination in variable environments.* the ability of hydrothermal time (htt) and virtual osmotic potential (vop) models to describe the kinetics of maize (zea mays) and chickpea (cicer arietinum) seed germination under variable conditions of water potential was investigated with a view to gaining an improved understanding of the impact of on-farm seed priming on seedling establishment through simulation. * germination and/or imbibition time courses were recorded over a wide range of constant temperatures and water potentials and s ...200515720694
the binding of copper ions to glycine-rich proteins (grps) from cicer arietinum.cicer arietinum grp1 and grp2 are rich in glycine interposed with histidine and tyrosine. in order to study whether or not these proteins bind cu(2+), circular dichroism (cd) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) were measured for three synthetic peptides corresponding to sections of the protein's sequences including 1, n(1)y(2)g(3)h(4)g(5)g(6)g(7)n(8)y(9)g(10)n(11), where all peptides were chemically blocked with an acetyl group at the n-terminus and an -nh(2) group at the c-terminus. the visibl ...200515716133
construction of bac and bibac libraries and their applications for generation of ssr markers for genome analysis of chickpea, cicer arietinum l.large-insert bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries, plant-transformation-competent binary bac (bibac) libraries, and simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are essential for many aspects of genomics research. we constructed a bac library and a bibac library from the nuclear dna of chickpea, cicer arietinum l., cv. hadas, partially digested with hindiii and bamhi, respectively. the bac library has 14,976 clones, with an average insert size of 121 kb, and the bibac library consists of 23,0 ...200515712010
latex and chickpea (cicer arietinum) allergy: first description of a new association.in this paper we describe the existence of cross-reactivity between allergens from latex and chickpea, a food from the leguminosae family, which is common in the mediterranean diet. we present the case report of a spina bifida boy with a clinical relevant food allergy to chickpea (oral syndrome + dysphonia), developing after the appearance of latex allergy symptoms (lip angioedema + intraoperative anaphylaxis). specific ige to latex and chickpea was demonstrated by skin prick tests, measurement ...200415662964
efficacy of garbanzo and soybean flour in suppression of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of cf-1 mice.epidemiological studies have reported a low incidence of colon cancer in countries with high legume consumption. moreover, experimental studies have found that legumes, such as soybeans and pinto beans, have anticancer properties. while garbanzo beans are a rich source of various phytochemicals, they have not been well studied. in the present study, the azoxymethane (aom)-induced aberrant crypt foci (acf) in cf-1 mice was utilized as a model to assess and compare the effects of garbanzo flour to ...201315517915
brassinolides and iaa induce the transcription of four alpha-expansin genes related to development in cicer arietinum.four different cdnas encoding alpha-expansins have been identified in cicer arietinum (ca-expa1, ca-expa2, ca-expa3 and ca-expa4). the shared amino acid sequence similarity among the four alpha-expansin proteins ranged from 67 to 89%. all of them display common characteristics such as molecular mass (around 24 kda), amino acid numbers, and also the presence of a signal peptide. the transcription pattern of chickpea alpha-expansin genes in seedlings and plants suggests a specific role for each of ...200415474376
the use of a principal axis model to examine individual plant harvest index in four grain legumes.a principal axis model (pam) has been proposed to enable the selection of crop ideotypes. the pam enables plant-to-plant variability within crops to be quantified and compared. the aim of this paper is to validate the pam for four grain legumes.200415292041
long term transcript accumulation during the development of dehydration adaptation in cicer arietinum.cool season crops face intermittent drought. exposure to drought and other abiotic stresses is known to increase tolerance of the plants against subsequent exposure to such stresses. storage of environmental signals is also proposed. preexposure to a dehydration shock improved adaptive response during subsequent dehydration treatment in a cool season crop chickpea (cicer arietinum). we have identified 101 dehydration-inducible transcripts of chickpea by repetitive rounds of cdna subtraction; dif ...200415247380
acid phosphatase role in chickpea/maize intercropping.organic p comprises 30-80 % of the total p in most agricultural soils. it has been proven that chickpea facilitates p uptake from an organic p source by intercropped wheat. in this study, acid phosphatase excreted from chickpea roots is quantified and the contribution of acid phosphatase to the facilitation of p uptake by intercropped maize receiving phytate is examined.200415238349
sulphur and nitrogen nutrition influence the response of chickpea seeds to an added, transgenic sink for organic sulphur.in order to increase the concentration of the nutritionally essential sulphur amino acids in seed protein, a transgene encoding a methionine- and cysteine-rich protein, sunflower seed albumin (ssa), was transferred to chickpeas (cicer arietinum l). transgenic seeds that accumulated ssa contained more methionine and less oxidized sulphur than the controls, suggesting that additional demand for sulphur amino acids from the expression of the transgene stimulated sulphur assimilation. in addition, t ...200415234997
internal recycling of respiratory co2 in pods of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.): the role of pod wall, seed coat, and embryo.it has previously been proposed that respiratory co2 released from the embryo in grain legume pods is refixed by a layer of cells on the inner pod wall. in chickpea this refixation process is thought to be of significance to the seed carbon budget, particularly under drought. in this study it is reported that the excised embryo, seed coat, and pod wall in chickpea are all photosynthetically competent, but the pod wall alone is capable of net o2 evolution over and above respiration. the predomina ...200415234993
use of commercial freezers to control cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae), in organic garbanzo beans.one california processor of organic garbanzo beans (cicer arietinum l.), unable to use chemical fumigants, relies on 30-d storage at -18 degrees c to disinfest product of the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (f). to determine whether the storage period may be shortened, the most cold-tolerant life stage of the cowpea weevil was identified. laboratory studies showed that the egg stage was most tolerant to -18 degrees c and that adults were most susceptible. to examine the efficacy of cold ...200314977138
tightly linked di- and tri-nucleotide microsatellites do not evolve in complete independence: evidence from linked (ta)n and (taa)n microsatellites of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).in order to understand the dynamics of microsatellite evolution, we have studied allelic variation at a closely linked (ta)(n) and (taa)(n) microsatellite loci in 114 land races of chickpea ( cicer arietinum l.), sampled worldwide. these two loci are separated by 27 bp. the two loci showed a very high degree of polymorphism and hence the combined length with the genetic diversity of 0.93, 0.90 and 0.98 for (taa)(n), (ta)(n) and the combined length, respectively. using the variation data at the l ...200414564394
qtl analysis for ascochyta blight resistance in an intraspecific population of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).in both controlled environment and the field, six qtls for ascochyta blight resistance were identified in three regions of the genome of an intraspecific population of chickpea using the ids and audpc disease scoring systems. one qtl-region was detected from both environments, whereas the other two regions were detected from each environment. all the qtl-regions were significantly associated with ascochyta blight resistance using either of the disease scoring systems. the qtls were verified by m ...200312928777
cloning of a cicer arietinum beta-galactosidase with pectin-degrading function.the cdna clone (canbgal-3) encoding a cell wall pectin-degrading beta-galactosidase (beta iii-gal) from cicer arietinum l. cv. castellana has been identified. the identification was carried out by comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of several isolated chickpea beta-galactosidase clones with the purified beta iii-gal protein sequence. the expression pattern of the gene corresponding to canbgal-3 was in concordance with the fluctuations of the enzyme beta iii-gal in different seedling orga ...200312881499
preliminary investigation of qtls associated with seedling resistance to ascochyta blight from cicer echinospermum, a wild relative of chickpea.accessions from cicer echinospermum, a wild relative of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), contain resistance to the fungal disease ascochyta blight, a devastating disease of chickpea. a linkage map was constructed based on an interspecific f(2) population, derived from a cross between a susceptible chickpea cultivar (lasseter) and a resistant c. echinospermum accession (pi 527930). the linkage map incorporated 83 molecular markers, that included rapd, issr, stms and rga markers; eight markers remai ...200312768241
mapping of gene-specific markers on the genetic map of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).with the exception of the fact that it is made up of eight different chromosomes, the physical organization of the 738-mb genome of the important legume crop chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is unknown. in an attempt to increase our knowledge of the basic structure of this genome, we determined the map positions of a series of genes involved in plant defence responses (dr) by genetic linkage analysis. exploiting the sequence data available in genbank, we selected genes known to be induced in chickp ...200312756536
efficient protocol for in vitro direct plant regeneration in chickpea cicer arietinum l.an efficient plant regeneration system was developed for two important indian chickpea cultivars, c-235 and hc-1. immature cotyledons (7-8 mm) directly formed shoots without an intervening callus phase on ms medium containing b5 vitamins, bap (2.0 mg/l), iba (0.125 mg/l), agno3 (1.69 mg/l) and phytagel (2.5 g/l). the regenerated shoots had normal morphology and were successfully rooted in half strength ms medium under partial dark conditions. regenerated plants were transferred to potted soil. h ...200212622209
phylogenetic analysis in the genus cicer and cultivated chickpea using rapd and issr markers.seventy five accessions belonging to 14 species of the genus cicer were analysed with pcr-based molecular markers to determine their phylogenetic relationships. eight of the species were annuals and included the section monocicer which contains cultivated chickpea ( cicer arietinum l.). the remaining six species were perennials (five from section polycicer and one from section acanthocicer). more than one accession per species was analysed in most of the wild species; within c. arietinum, 26 acc ...200212582669
resistance gene analogues of chickpea ( cicer arietinum l.): isolation, genetic mapping and association with a fusarium resistance gene cluster.resistance gene analogues (rgas) of cicer were isolated by different pcr approaches and mapped in an inter-specific cross segregating for fusarium wilt by rflp and caps analysis. initially, two pairs of degenerate primers targeting sequences encoded at nucleotide-binding sites (nbs), which are conserved in plant disease resistance genes such as rps2, l6 and n, were selected for amplification. cloning and sequence analysis of amplified products from c. arietinum dna revealed eight different rgas. ...200212582554
development of flow cytogenetics and physical genome mapping in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).procedures for flow cytometric analysis and sorting of mitotic chromosomes (flow cytogenetics) have been developed for chickpea (cicer arietinum). suspensions of intact chromosomes were prepared from root tips treated to achieve a high degree of metaphase synchrony. the optimal protocol consisted of a treatment of roots with 2 mmol/l hydroxyurea for 18 h, a 4.5-h recovery in hydroxyurea-free medium, 2 h incubation with 10 micromol/l oryzalin, and ice-water treatment overnight. this procedure res ...200212575797
auxin regulated poly(a)polymerase activity in cicer arietinum epicotyls.there was a linear increase in poly (a+) polymerase activity in the c. arietinum epicotyls during germination. six-day-old auxin treated seedlings showed about 3-4 fold stimulation in enzyme activity, accompanied with 3- fold rise in the relative abundance of poly (a+) rna levels. actinomycin d, cycloheximide, cordycepin and amino acid analogues caused dramatic decline in poly (a+) polymerase as well as poly (a+) rna levels. it seems that auxin induced a de novo synthesis of this enzyme.200012561953
characterization of the genes encoding the cytosolic and plastidial forms of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wheat endosperm.in most species, the synthesis of adp-glucose (glc) by the enzyme adp-glc pyrophosphorylase (agpase) occurs entirely within the plastids in all tissues so far examined. however, in the endosperm of many, if not all grasses, a second form of agpase synthesizes adp-glc outside the plastid, presumably in the cytosol. in this paper, we show that in the endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum), the cytosolic form accounts for most of the agpase activity. using a combination of molecular and biochemical ...200212428011
effects of salinity and ozone, individually and in combination, on the growth and ion contents of two chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) varieties.the aim of this study was to determine the effects of ozone and salinity, singly and in combination, on the growth and ion contents of two chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) varieties. chickpea plants were grown in non-saline and saline conditions, with and without a repeated exposure to ozone. salinity at a concentration of 30 mm nacl caused a substantial reduction in plant height, number of leaves and the dry weights of the leaves, stems and roots. biomass allocation to the leaves increased, predom ...200212395854
the effects of salinity and sodicity upon nodulation and nitrogen fixation in chickpea (cicer arietinum).production of grain legumes is severely reduced in salt-affected soils because their ability to form and maintain nitrogen-fixing nodules is impaired by both salinity and sodicity (alkalinity). genotypes of chickpea, cicer arietinum, with high nodulation capacity under stress were identified by field screening in a sodic soil in india and subsequently evaluated quantitatively for nitrogen fixation in a glasshouse study in a saline but neutral soil in the uk. in the field, ph 8.9 was the critical ...200212099530
a seedling specific vegetative lectin gene is related to development in cicer arietinum.plant lectins are a group of glycoproteins with the ability to recognize and bind carbohydrate ligands. seed lectins function as storage and defense proteins, but the specific function of vegetative lectins is uncertain. in this paper we describe the characterization of a clone, canvlec, encoding a vegetative lectin from chickpea (cicer arietinum l. cv. castellana). the expression of the canvlec gene was specific in seedlings, mostly in hooks and elongating epicotyls, and no expression was detec ...200211975737
nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of chickpeas (cicer arietinum l.) undergoing different cooking methods and germination.the effects of cooking treatments (boiling, autoclaving and microwave cooking) and germination on the nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of chickpeas were studied. cooking treatments and/or germination caused significant (p < 0.05) decreases in fat, total ash, carbohydrate fractions, antinutritional factors, minerals and b-vitamins. germination was less effective than cooking treatments in reducing trypsin inhibitor, hemagglutinin activity, tannins and saponins; it was more effe ...200211855623
isolation and characterization of cdna clones encoding adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase) large and small subunits from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).four cdna clones encoding two large subunits and two small subunits of the starch regulatory enzyme adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase) were isolated from a chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) stem cdna library. dna sequence and southern blot analyses of these clones, designated cagpl1, cagpl2 (large subunits) and cagps1 and cagps2 (small subunits), revealed that these isoforms represented different agpase large and small subunits. rna expression analysis indicated that cagpl1 was expressed strongl ...200211830133
purification and characterization of a 29 kda poly(a)-binding protein from chickpea (cicer arietinum) epicotyl.a poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) with mol wt 29,000 has been purified from chickpea (cicer arietinum) epicotyl by ammonium sulfate fractionation and cibacron blue f3-ga chromatography, making a complex with poly(a) and elution of pabp-poly(a) complex at 45 degrees c from oligo d(t)-cellulose. the elution pattern and binding properties show that the purified protein is different from the pabp (mol. wt 72,000) reported earlier from our laboratory.200111811622
high mutation rate and mutational bias at (taa)n microsatellite loci in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).microsatellites, very short tandemly repeated dna sequences, are being extensively used in evolutionary genetics and molecular breeding of crop plants, because of their high degree of allelic variability, which is presumably caused by a high rate of mutation that changes microsatellite array length. in humans and various animals, mutation rates vary greatly and fall within the range of 10(-3) to 10(-6). in plants, the mutation rate at microsatellite loci seems to be higher than in animals, but n ...200111523782
[effect of thermoplastic extrusion on lysine availability of chickpea (cicer arietinum, l.) flour].the aim of this research was to evaluate lysine availability of chickpea (cicer arietinum, l.) flour submitted to thermoplastic extrusion at three feed moisture levels (13%, 18% and 27%). it was verified that extrusion treatments reduced available lysine by 58% and 55% at 13% and 18% feed moisture levels. the major lysine loss, 71%, was verified at 27% feed moisture level.200011347297
physicochemical, nutritional, and microstructural characteristics of chickpeas (cicer arietinum l.) and common beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.) following microwave cooking.microwave cooking of legumes such as chickpeas and common beans was evaluated by assessing the cooking quality (cooking time, firmness, cooking losses, and water uptake) and the physicochemical, nutritional, and microstructural modifications in starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. compared to conventional cooking, microwave cooking with sealed vessels enabled a drastic reduction in cooking time, from 110 to 11 min for chickpeas and from 55 to 9 min for common beans. the solid losses, released i ...200011312771
early elicitor-induced events in chickpea cells: functional links between oxidative burst, sequential occurrence of extracellular alkalinisation and acidification, k+/h+ exchange and defence-related gene activation.elicitation of cultured chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) cells stimulates a signal transduction pathway leading to several rapid responses: (1) oxidative burst, (2) extracellular alkalinisation, (3) extracellular acidification, (4) transient k+ efflux, and (5) activation of defence related genes all within 2 hours. induced genes are encoding acidic and basic chitinases, a thaumatin-like protein and isoflavone reductase. all these elicitor-induced responses are inhibited by the ser/thr protein kinas ...201311302217
urea is a product of ureidoglycolate degradation in chickpea. purification and characterization of the ureidoglycolate urea-lyase.a ureidoglycolate-degrading activity was analyzed in different organs of chickpea (cicer arietinum). activity was detected in all the tissues analyzed, but highest levels of specific activity were found in pods, from which it has been purified and characterized. this is the first ureidoglycolate-degrading activity that has been purified to homogeneity from any photosynthetic organism. only one ureidoglycolate-degrading activity was found during the purification. the enzyme was purified 1,500-fol ...200111161040
ty1-copia retrotransposon-like elements in chickpea genome: their identification, distribution and use for diversity analysis.ty1-copia retrotransposon-like elements were amplified from cicer species using primers derived from the conserved region of the reverse transcriptase gene. two fragments, of size approximately 280bp and approximately 650 bp, were obtained, which on sequencing showed homology for the ty1-copia reverse transcriptase region. interestingly, the approximately 650 bp fragment showed two reverse transcriptase regions, one from ty1-copia and the other from tto1 element fused together. the copy number w ...200011054578
[elaboration of an yogurt made of a milk and chickpea (cicer arietinum) mixture].the objective of this work was to establish the experimental conditions for the production of yogurt extended with chickpea (cicer arietinum), inoculated with st. thermophilus and l. bulgaricus and compare its chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics versus a yogurt made of skimmed milk. results indicated that 70:30 and 80:20 (skimmed milk and chickpea extract) mixtures obtained by chemical score fulfilled with the proposed objectives. yogurt made with 70:30 mixture added with mod ...200011048576
inheritance of flower color in chickpea.flower color is a useful morphological marker in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). inheritance of this trait was studied using two white-flowered chickpea genotypes, p 9623 and rs 11, and one blue-flowered genotype, t 39-1. the genetic constitutions of the white flower colors of p 9623 and rs 11 were different, for in an earlier study their f1 produced pink flowers. the two f1s of the crosses p 9623 x t 39-1 and rs 11 x t 39-1 also produced pink flowers. each of the two f2 populations segregated in ...200110994714
purification and characterization of a poly(a)-binding protein from chickpea (cicer arietinum) epicotyl.a poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) with mol wt 72,000 has been purified from chickpea (cicer arietinum) epicotyls by ammonium sulfate fractionation, cibacron blue f3-ga and poly(a) agarose chromatography. the binding properties and the specificity of binding show that the purified protein is an analogue of pabps in other eukaryotes. this pabp is highly susceptible to proteolysis and upon degradation forms a polypeptide fragment of mol wt 21,000 which has an independent poly(a) binding activity.200010983421
role of malonate in chickpeas.analysis of the content and distribution of organic acids in chickpea plants (cicer arietinum l.) showed that malonate was the most abundant acid in roots and nodules, whereas malate was the main acid in leaves and stems. the highest concentration of malonate in roots was in the apices. malonate metabolism did not appear to be directly related to abiotic stress. we suggest that malonate has a role as a defensive chemical in roots and nodules of chickpeas.200010963451
seed coat cell turgor in chickpea is independent of changes in plant and pod water potential.turgor pressure in cells of the pod wall and the seed coat of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) were measured directly with a pressure probe on intact plants under initially dry soil conditions, and after the plants were irrigated. the turgor pressure in cells of the pod wall was initially 0.25 mpa, and began to increase within a few minutes of irrigation. by 2-4 h after irrigation, pod wall cell turgor had increased to 0.97 mpa. this increase in turgor was matched closely by increases in the total ...200010948215
penetrance and expressivity of the gene for double podding in chickpea.the double-pod per peduncle trait is known to contribute to increased seed yield in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). a cross was made between the single-podded variety iccv 2 and the double-podded variety jg 62 in 1993. penetrance and expressivity of the gene for double podding was studied in an f2 population and f10 recombinant inbred lines (rils) of this cross. homozygous recessive allele of this gene (ss) governs the production of double flowers and pods per peduncle. results indicated that the ...200110833050
dissipation of lindane and fenvalerate residues in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) under indian climatic conditions.dissipation behavior of lindane 20 ec (400 and 800 g a.i./ha) and fenvalerate 0.4% dust (75 and 150 g a.i./ha) applied on chickpea (var. h 208) for controlling pod borer under field conditions during rabi 1994-1995 at pod initiation stage was studied. grains from lower dose of lindane at harvest contained residues below maximum residue limit value (0.25 microg g(-1)), whereas no measurable amount of fenvalerate residues were found in grains of both doses at harvest. a waiting period of 7 days fo ...200010831328
a gene for leaf necrosis in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).necrosis of leaves was observed in the glabrous mutant (icc 15566) of desi chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). it was characterized by drying of leaflet margins to drying of complete leaflets of older leaves. the oldest leaves were the most affected and the intensity of necrosis decreased toward the apical meristem. a single recessive gene, designated nec, was found to govern the necrotic characteristic. the nec locus was linked to gl (glabrous shoots) with a map distance of 16 +/- 3 cm. the loci slv ...200610739134
a major gene for time of flowering in chickpea.a major gene for the number of days from sowing to appearance of the first flower (time of flowering) was identified in a cross between an extrashort duration chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) variety, iccv 2, and a medium duration variety, jg 62. the f2 population was advanced through the single-seed-descent method to develop random recombinant inbred lines (rils). time of flowering was recorded for the parents and 66 f(6) rils from this cross that were grown in a vertisol field in the post-rainy s ...200110739130
specific ige levels to cicer arietinum (chick pea) in tolerant and nontolerant children: evaluation of boiled and raw extracts.the chick pea, cicer arietinum, is a legume commonly consumed in spain and other mediterranean countries. the sera of 29 children (mean age: 8.4 years) with a current or past history of allergic reactions after ingestion of chick pea, and positive skin tests to this legume, were used to study the allergenic composition of raw and boiled chick pea extracts. the patient population was divided into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of 19 patients with clinical sensitivity confirmed by either positive ora ...200010705224
production of extensive chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) protein hydrolysates with reduced antigenic activity.chickpea protein isolate was used as starting material for the production of hypoallergenic protein hydrolysates. western blotting of the protein isolate showed that ige in sensitized patient sera strongly bound to the basic polypeptidic chains and recognized the acidic ones of 11s globulin. during the hydrolysis process by the individual and/or sequential action of endo- and exoproteases, a high reduction of antigenic activity was observed. results suggest that the presence of intact or partial ...199910552721
interaction of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) legumin with oxidized linoleic acid.chickpea legumin has been purified and incubated under oxidizing conditions with linoleic acid to investigate the influence of this acid on the structure and nutritional quality of the protein. at the end of the incubation time, >30% of the linoleic acid was oxidized. the oxidized linoleic acid was highly detrimental to legumin, and the electrophoretic pattern of the protein was completely changed after the incubation period. nevertheless, neither polymerization nor cleavage of the protein was o ...199910552371
fourier transform infrared-spectroscopic characterisation of isolated endodermal cell walls from plant roots: chemical nature in relation to anatomical developmentthe chemical nature of enzymatically isolated endodermal cell walls from cicer arietinum l., clivia miniata reg. and iris germanica l. was studied by ftir (fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy. observed frequencies were assigned to functional groups present in the cell wall and relative amounts of the biopolymers suberin and lignin, cell wall carbohydrates and proteins were determined. infrared absorption spectra indicated structural characteristics for the three different developmental stat ...199910550636
characterization and mapping of sequence-tagged microsatellite sites in the chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) genome.a size-selected genomic library comprising 280,000 colonies and representing approximately 18% of the chickpea genome, was screened for (ga)n, (gaa)n and (taa)n microsatellite-containing clones, of which 389 were sequenced. the majority (approximately 75%) contained perfect repeats; interrupted, interrupted compound and compound repeats were only present in 6%-9% of cases. (taa)-microsatellites contained the longest repeats, with unit numbers from 9 to 131. for 218 loci primers could be designed ...199910503540
diversity in inhibitors of trypsin and helicoverpa armigera gut proteinases in chickpea (cicer arietinum) and its wild relatives.developing seeds of eight chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) cultivars (12-60 days after flowering) showed a significant variation in the trypsin inhibitor (ti) and the helicoverpa armigera gut proteinase inhibitor (hgpi) content. for example, the highest ti (198 units/g) and hgpi (23 units/g) activities were exhibited by mature seeds of cv iccv-2, whereas the lowest inhibitor activities were observed in cv pg8505-7 (96.1 ti units/g) and cv vijay (5 hgpi units/g). electrophoretic patterns showed a va ...199922665210
molecular structure and chromosomal localization of major repetitive dna families in the chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) genome.three major repetitive dna sequences were isolated from a genomic library of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and characterized with respect to their genomic organization and chromosomal localization. all repetitive elements are genus-specific and mostly located in the at-rich pericentric heterochromatin. two families are organized as satellite dnas with repeat lengths of 162-168 bp (casat1) and 100 bp (casat2). casat1 is mainly located adjacent to the 18s rdna clusters on chromosomes a and b, wher ...199910344208
allelic variation at (taa)n microsatellite loci in a world collection of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) germplasm.a set of 12 randomly selected (taa)n microsatellite loci of the cultivated chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) were screened in a worldwide sample comprising 72 landraces, four improved cultivars and two wild species of the primary gene pool (c. reticulatum and c. echinosperum) to determine the level and pattern of polymorphism in these populations. a single fragment was amplified from all the accessions with each of 12 sequence-tagged microsatellite site markers, except for one locus where no fragmen ...199910102371
involvement of calcium in acc-oxidase activity from cicer arietinum seed embryonic axes.both in vivo and in vitro acc-oxidase activities as well as ethylene production from embryonic axes of chickpea seeds were strongly inhibited by egta, a selective extracellular ca2+ ion chelator, indicating that the influx of ca2+ is important for enzymatic activity. egta inhibition was restored by exogenous ca2+. treatments of embryonic axes with either verapamil and lacl3 (both ca2+ channel blockers) or tmb-8 (an intracellular ca2+ antagonist) provoked an inhibition of both acc-oxidase activit ...19999933950
[soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber in raw and cooked legumes].soluble (sdf), insoluble (idf) and total dietary fiber (tdf) were analysed in 26 samples of the following legumes: peas (pisum sativum l) coated and uncoated; beans (phaseolus vulgaris l), beans (vigna sinesis l), chick peas (cicer arietinum l), lentils (lens culinaris l) and pigeon peas (cajanus indicus l) raw and cooked, purchased at wholesale level. the aoac enzimatic-gravimetric method (1990) was used. the cooked grains were drained and dried before analysis. values for tdf in the raw legume ...19989830497
cis-isomers of cytokinins predominate in chickpea seeds throughout their developmenttrans-isomers of cytokinins (ck) are thought to predominate and have greater biological activity than corresponding cis-isomers in higher plants. however, this study demonstrates a system within which the predominant ck are cis-isomers. ck were measured at four developmental stages in developing chickpea (cicer arietinum l. cultivar kaniva) seeds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. concentrations were highest at an early endospermic fluid stage and fell considerably when the cotyledons expa ...19989701607
brassinolides promote the expression of a new cicer arietinum beta-tubulin gene involved in the epicotyl elongation.a cdna clone, cantub, encoding a putative beta-tubulin protein was isolated from a cdna library constructed from 5-day old chickpea (cicer arietinum) epicotyls. analysis of its deduced amino acid sequence showed all the typical structural motifs of plant beta-tubulins. putative sequences for autoregulation and tubulin mrna stability, gtp and ca2+/maps (microtubule-associated proteins) binding sites were present. southern blot analysis of chickpea genomic dna revealed that there are multiple beta ...19989678576
purification and characterization of neutral invertase from chickpea nodules.neutral invertase from nodules of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) was isolated and purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration and deae-cellulose column chromatography. the purified enzyme was stable between 0 to 40 degrees c beyond which it was irreversibly denatured. optimum temperature and ph of the enzyme were 37 degrees c and 7.0, respectively. k(m) for sucrose was 14.2 mm and vmax was 4.8 mumole hr-1. the enzyme was inhibited by several metal ions. from the temperature effect ...19979594435
chromosomal localization and distribution of simple sequence repeats and the arabidopsis-type telomere sequence in the genome of cicer arietinum l.we used fluorescence in situ hybridization to probe the physical organization of five simple sequence repeat motifs and the arabidopsis-type telomeric repeat in metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). hybridization signals were observed with the whole set of probes and on all chromosomes, but the distribution and intensity of signals varied depending on the motif. on root-tip metaphase chromosomes, ca and gata repeats were mainly restricted to centromeric ar ...19989543012
inheritance of inter-simple-sequence-repeat polymorphisms and linkage with a fusarium wilt resistance gene in chickpea.the inheritance of an inter-simple-sequence-repeat (issr) polymorphism was studied in a cross of cultivated chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and a closely related wild species (c. reticulatum lad.) using primers that anneal to a simple repeat of various lengths, sequences and non-repetitive motifs. dinucleotides were the majority of those tested, and provided all of the useful banding patterns. the issr loci showed virtually complete agreement with expected mendelian ratios. twenty two primers were ...199824710870
two growth-related organ-specific cdnas from cicer arietinum epicotyls.two cdnas, canst-1 and canst-2, encoding two different growth-related organ-specific sequences have been isolated from a cdna library from growing epicotyls of cicer arietinum. an intriguing property of these two clones is the presence in their coding region of a repeated sequence which is highly conserved except for the number of repeats. the corresponding genes of canst-1 and canst-2 encode for proteins related to elongation processes. canst-1 and canst-2 are up-regulated during epicotyl growt ...19979349267
efficient transgenic plant regeneration throughagrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).three genotypes of chickpea iccv-1, iccv-6 and a desi (local) variety were tested for plant regeneration through multiple shoot production. the embryo axis was removed from mature seeds, the root meristem and the shoot apex were discarded. these explants were cultured on medium containing ms macro salts, 4x ms micro salts, i35 vitamins, 3.0 mg/1 bap, 0.004 mg/1 naa, 3% (w/v) sucrose and incubated at 26(0)c. the explants were transformed withagrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 with binary ve ...199624178649
a preliminary study on the effect of germination on saponin content and composition of lentils and chick peas.two cultivars of chick peas (cicer arietinum) and one cultivar of lentils (lens culinaris) were subjected to germination in the dark for 6 days at 20 degrees c. soyasaponin vi, also known as soyasaponin beta g, a ddmp- (2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4h-pyran-4-one-) conjugated form of soyasaponin i, was the only saponin detected in both the unprocessed and germinated seed. no significant changes in saponin content were observed for chick peas or lentils after a 6-day germination.19969123973
use of polymerase chain reaction in analysing recombinant cdna clones encoding storage proteins of chickpea cicer arietinum l.a simple and reliable method was undertaken for the use of polymerase chain reaction in analyzing cdna clones. amplification was done of the inserts from positive legumin clones isolated from a cdna library constructed from developing chickpea cotyledons in the expression vector, gt11. amplification was made simple by using oligonucleotide primers which allowed convenient sizing, subcloning and sequencing of inserts by di-deoxy chain termination method. this simple method may provide opportunity ...19969055657
aflatoxin b1 in common egyptian foods.samples of common egyptian foods (17 nuts and seeds, 10 spices, 31 herbs and medicinal plants, 12 dried vegetables, and 28 cereal grains) were collected from markets in cairo and giza. a portion of each sample was extracted with chloroform, and the concentrated extract was cleaned by passing through a silica gel column. aflatoxin b1 was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with uv detection. the highest prevalence of aflatoxin b1 was in nuts and seeds (82%), followed by spices (40% ...20158823921
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