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platelet aggregation and anti-inflammatory effects of garden pea, desi chickpea and kabuli chickpea.inflammation is the natural body defense mechanism for the removal of injurious agents, necrosed cells and tissues from the body. this study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and platelet aggregation effects of three medicinal plants of pakistan. methanolic extract of garden pea inhibited arachidonic acid (aa)-induced platelet aggregation (ic50 = 35 microg/ml) and platelet activating factor (paf)-induced platelet aggregation (ic50 = 38 microg/ml) in a dose dependent fashion. methanolic ...201522876614
high-throughput snp discovery and genotyping for constructing a saturated linkage map of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).the present study reports the large-scale discovery of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in chickpea, identified mainly through the next generation sequencing of two genotypes, i.e. cicer arietinum icc4958 and its wild progenitor c. reticulatum pi489777, parents of an inter-specific reference mapping population of chickpea. development and validation of a high-throughput snp genotyping assay based on illumina's goldengate genotyping technology and its application in building a h ...201222864163
germination dramatically increases isoflavonoid content and diversity in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) seeds.the effect of germination on bioactive components in legume seeds was investigated in terms of the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents. germination increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of most seeds. particularly in chickpea seeds, the isoflavone contents increased by over 100 fold, mainly due to the increase of formononetin and biochanin a level. as a result, these two compounds were conveniently isolated from the germinated seeds in preparative scale and s ...201222816801
agronomic importance of first development of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) under semi-arid conditions: i. effect of powder humic acid.due to slow growth and weakness of the first development of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) plant could not combatted with weeds and easily get caught up by ascochyta blight (ascochyta rabiei (pass) labr.) disease; esp. under the late sowing and semi-arid conditions, due to effect of biotic and abiotic stress factors, significant yield losses could be arised. to be able to avoid from them is only possible to accelerate the first development of this crop. so, one of the best solutions is to use of ...201222816179
agronomic importance of first development of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) under semi-arid conditions: ii. seed imbibition.due to the slowness growth and weakness of the first developments of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), it could not combated with weeds and easily caught up by ascochyta blight (ascochyta rabiei (pass) labr.) disease. additionally, due to biotic and abiotic stress factors, esp. at the late sowing, important seed yield losses could be happened. to be able to avoid from them is only possible to accelerate of its first development as possible as. so, one of the best solutions to is to use chemical com ...201222816177
[effects of two different extracts of total saponins from cicer arietinum on kidney of t2dm rats].protective effects of two different extracts of tsca (total saponins from cicer arietinum) were studied on kidney of t2dm rats. the diabetic model group was established with high calorie feeding and small dose injection of streptozotocin (stz, 45 mg x kg(-1)). dm rats were randomly assigned to model group (feed with propylene glycol 1 ml/100 g), tsca high dose group (300 mg x kg(-1)), tsca low dose group (100 mg x kg(-1)) and normal control group (feed with propylene glycol 1 ml/100 g). after fo ...201222799041
a novel superoxide dismutase from cicer arietinum l. seedlings: isolation, purification and characterization.superoxide dismutase is an important enzyme with various therapeutic applications. search of a new source of superoxide dismutase with novel properties has significant importance. the current work reports purification of a novel superoxide dismutase enzyme with unique characteristics. a copper zinc superoxide dismutase (cu-zn sod) was purified and characterized from cicer arietinum l. seedlings germinated under aluminium (al+3) stress. the specific activity of purified protein was 158 units/mg w ...201322789105
comparative proteomic analysis of genotypic variation in germination and early seedling growth of chickpea under suboptimal soil-water conditions.protein expression patterns in imbibed seeds of three cultivars of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) with different rates of germination under limiting water supply in soil (>10% water holding capacity) were compared. a large number of soluble proteins expressed earlier and at higher levels in cv rupali seeds compared to two other genotypes that germinated less rapidly (kh850) or not at all (kj850). among the proteins identified were those with chaperone-like functions, including lea and hsp protein ...201222765518
in vitro effect of peas, pisum pisum, and chickpeas, cicer arietinum, on the immune system of gilthead seabream, sparus aurata.the future for a sustainable aquaculture relies on the formulation of feed including alternatives to fish meal and fish oil that do not impair fish growth and that improve fish health status. grain legumes such as field peas and chickpeas offer good sources of proteins, carbohydrates, fibers, vitamins, and minerals. the effect of peas and chickpeas on the immune system of seabream was assessed in vitro in order to detect any potential immunosuppressing problem. peas was determined to be a better ...201222752638
large-scale development of cost-effective snp marker assays for diversity assessment and genetic mapping in chickpea and comparative mapping in legumes.a set of 2486 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were compiled in chickpea using four approaches, namely (i) solexa/illumina sequencing (1409), (ii) amplicon sequencing of tentative orthologous genes (togs) (604), (iii) mining of expressed sequence tags (ests) (286) and (iv) sequencing of candidate genes (187). conversion of these snps to the cost-effective and flexible throughput competitive allele specific pcr (kaspar) assays generated successful assays for 2005 snps. these marker assays h ...201222703242
technological properties, antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of pigmented chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) cultivars.chickpeas are rich sources of highly nutritious protein and dietary fibre; the health benefits of consuming legumes such as antioxidant activity (aoxa) could be effective for the expansion of their food uses. the technological properties and antioxidant potential of five pigmented chickpea cultivars were evaluated. protein content of the grains varied from 24.9 to 27.4 g/100 g sample (dw). the cooking time (ct) of the whole grains ranged from 90.5 to 218.5 min; the lowest ct corresponded to blac ...201322694142
transcriptome sequencing of wild chickpea as a rich resource for marker development.the transcriptome of cultivated chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), an important crop legume, has recently been sequenced. here, we report sequencing of the transcriptome of wild chickpea, c. reticulatum (pi489777), the progenitor of cultivated chickpea, by gs-flx 454 technology. the optimized assembly of c. reticulatum transcriptome generated 37 265 transcripts in total with an average length of 946 bp. a total of 4072 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) could be identified in these transcript sequences, ...201222672127
chickpea (cicer arietinum) and other plant-derived protease inhibitor concentrates inhibit breast and prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro.the soybean-derived protease inhibitor, bowman-birk inhibitor (bbi), is currently showing great promise as a novel cancer chemopreventive agent. in contrast to the wealth of research conducted on this compound, the anticancer effects of protease inhibitors isolated from other leguminous sources have received limited attention. in the current study, 7 protease inhibitor concentrates (pics) were isolated from various leguminous sources (including soybean) and characterized. the effects of pics on ...201222662866
overexpression of catlp1, a putative transcription factor in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), promotes stress tolerance.dehydration is the most crucial environmental constraint on plant growth and development, and agricultural productivity. to understand the underlying mechanism of stress tolerance, and to identify proteins for improving such important trait, we screened the dehydration-responsive proteome of chickpea and identified a tubby-like protein, referred to as catlp1. the catlp1 was found to predominantly bind to double-stranded dna but incapable of transcriptional activation. we investigated the gene st ...201222644439
comparative structural modeling of a monothiol grx from chickpea: insight in iron-sulfur cluster assembly.glutaredoxins (grxs) are small, ubiquitous, multifunctional, heat-stable and glutathione-dependent thiol-disulphide oxidoreductases, classified under thioredoxin-fold superfamily. in the green lineage, grxs constitute a complex family of proteins. based on their active site, grxs are classified into two subfamilies: dithiol and monothiol. monothiol grxs contain 'cgfs' as a redox active motif and assist in maintaining redox state and iron homeostasis within the cell. using race strategy, a full l ...201222613454
genetic structure and diversity analysis of the primary gene pool of chickpea using ssr markers.members of the primary gene pool of the chickpea, including 38 accessions of cicer arietinum, six of c. reticulatum and four of c. echinospermum grown in india were investigated using 100 ssr markers to analyze their genetic structure, diversity and relationships. we found considerable diversity, with a mean of 4.8 alleles per locus (ranging from 2 to 11); polymorphic information content ranged from 0.040 to 0.803, with a mean of 0.536. most of the diversity was confined to the wild species, whi ...201222576917
transcriptional responses to drought stress in root and leaf of chickpea seedling.chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is an important pulse crop grown mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. due to its taxonomic proximity with the model legume medicago truncatula and its ability to grow in arid soil, chickpea has its unique advantage to understand how plant responds to drought stress. in this study, an oligonucleotide microarray was used for analyzing the transcriptomic profiles of unigenes in leaf and root of chickpea seedling under drought stress, respectively. mic ...201222562393
application of photoremovable protecting group for controlled release of plant growth regulators by sunlight.we report a novel technique for controlled release of plant growth regulators (pgrs) by sunlight using photoremovable protecting group (prpg) as a delivery device. in the present work, carboxyl-containing pgrs of the auxin group [indoleacetic acid (iaa) and naphthoxyacetic acid (noaa)] were chemically caged using prpgs of coumarin derivatives. photophysical studies showed that caged pgrs exhibited good fluorescence properties. irradiation of caged pgrs by sunlight in both aqueous ethanol and soi ...201222513094
a new tool for analysis of root growth in the spatio-temporal continuum.• quantification of overall growth and local growth zones in root system development is key to understanding the biology of plant growth, and thus to exploring the effects of environmental, genotypic and mutational variations on plant development and productivity. • we introduce a methodology for analyzing growth patterns of plant roots from two-dimensional time series images, treating them as a spatio-temporal three-dimensional (3d) image volume. the roots are segmented from the images and then ...201222497270
purification and characterization of a thermostable α-galactosidase from thielavia terrestris nrrl 8126 in solid state fermentation.several seeds and husks of some plants belonging to leguminosae, graminae, compositae and palmae were evaluated as carbon substrates to produce α-galactosidase (α-gal) by the thermophilic fungus, thielavia terrestris nrrl 8126 in solid substrate fermentation. the results showed that cicer arietinum (chick pea seed) was the best substrate for α-gal production. the crude enzyme was precipitated by ammonium sulphate (60%) and purified by gel filtration on sephadex g-100 followed by ion exchange chr ...201222453806
a computational analysis on lectin and histone h1 protein of different pulse species as well as comparative study with rice for balanced diet.the issue of balanced nutrition is of great concern to human. meat and fish are the best sources of protein. the affordability of these resources for people in developing countries is less. thus, there is an increasing interest in pulses and its derivates as an alternative to fish and meat. lectin and histone h1 are the most common proteins in various pulses and our interest is in identifying the dominant essential amino acids in them for use as supplements. however, actin and lectin are common ...201222419840
androgenesis-inducing stress treatments change phytohormone levels in anthers of three legume species (fabaceae).legumes are recalcitrant to androgenesis and induction protocols were only recently developed for pea (pisum sativum l.) and chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), albeit with low regeneration frequencies. androgenesis is thought to be mediated through abscisic acid (aba) but other phytohormones, such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins, have also been implicated. in view of improving induction protocols, the hormone content of pea, chickpea, and lentil anthers was measured after exposure to cold, c ...201222399205
purification and characterization of α-galactosidase from white chickpea (cicer arietinum).glycosylated α-galactosidase (melibiase) has been purified from white chickpea ( cicer arietinum ) to 340-fold with a specific activity of 61 units/mg. cicer α-galactosidase showed a m(r) of 45 kda on sds-page and by maldi-tof. the optimum ph and temperature with pnpgal were 4.5 and 50 °c, respectively. the k(m) for hydrolysis of pnpgal was 0.70 mm. besides hydrolyzing the pnpgal, cicer α-galactosidase also hydrolyzed natural substrates such as melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose very effectivel ...201222385353
sequence similarity based identification of abiotic stress responsive genes in chickpea.chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is an important food legume crop, particularly for the arid regions including indian subcontinent. considering the detrimental effect of drought, temperature and salt stress on crop yield, efforts have been initiated in the direction of developing improved varieties and designing alternate strategies to sustain chickpea production in adverse environmental conditions. identification of genes that confer abiotic stress tolerance in plants remains a challenge in contem ...201222359442
coverage-based consensus calling (cbcc) of short sequence reads and comparison of cbcc results to identify snps in chickpea (cicer arietinum; fabaceae), a crop species without a reference genome.next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies are frequently used for resequencing and mining of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) by comparison to a reference genome. in crop species such as chickpea (cicer arietinum) that lack a reference genome sequence, ngs-based snp discovery is a challenge. therefore, unlike probability-based statistical approaches for consensus calling and by comparison with a reference sequence, a coverage-based consensus calling (cbcc) approach was applied and two ...201222301893
quality of low fat chicken nuggets: effect of sodium chloride replacement and added chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) hull flour.while attempting to develop low salt, low fat and high fibre chicken nuggets, the effect of partial (40%) common salt substitution and incorporation of chickpea hull flour (chf) at three different levels viz., 5, 7.5 and 10% (treatments) in pre-standardized low fat chicken nuggets (control) were observed. common salt replacement with salt substitute blend led to a significant decrease in ph, emulsion stability, moisture, ash, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness values while incorpora ...201225049565
chickpea (cicer arietinum) proteins induce allergic responses in nasobronchial allergic patients and balb/c mice.allergy to chickpea or garbanzo bean (cicer arietinum) has been reported in the indian population. little information is found regarding allergenic events involved in the chickpea allergy; therefore, chickpea allergenicity assessment was undertaken. in vivo and ex vivo studies were carried out using balb/c mice. chickpea skin prick test positive patients have been used to extend this study in humans. identification of allergens was carried out by simulated gastric fluids assay for pepsin resista ...201222285431
hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) protein hydrolysates.some dietary proteins possess biological properties which make them potential ingredients of functional or health-promoting foods. many of these properties are attributed to bioactive peptides that can be released by controlled hydrolysis using exogenous proteases. the aim of this work was to test the improvement of hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities of chickpea protein isolate by means of hydrolysis with alcalase and flavourzyme.201222246802
characterization and genetic analysis of an ein4-like sequence (caetr-1) located in qtl(ar1) implicated in ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea.two alleles of a chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) ethylene receptor-like sequence (caetr-1) were sequence-characterized using synteny analysis with genome sequences of medicago truncatula l. the full length of the sequence obtained in the accession flip84-92c resistant to ascochyta blight (caetr-1a) span 4,428 bp, including the polyadenylation signal in the 3'-untranslated region (utr), whereas it has a 730 bp deletion in the 3'-utr region in the susceptible accession pi359075 (caetr-1b). the deduc ...201222238063
mesorhizobium muleiense sp. nov., nodulating with cicer arietinum l.three chickpea rhizobial strains (ccbau 83963(t), ccbau 83939 and ccbau 83908), which were identified previously as representing a distinctive genospecies, were further studied here and compared taxonomically with related species in the genus mesorhizobium. results from sds-page of whole-cell soluble proteins revealed differences from closely related recognized species of the genus mesorhizobium. levels of dna-dna relatedness were 15.28-50.97% between strain ccbau 83963(t) and the type strains o ...201222228663
major genes with additive effects for seed size in kabuli chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). 201122227936
determining nutrients degradation kinetics of chickpea (cicer arietinum) straw using nylon bag technique in sheep.straw a by-product from grain legume crops is produced in large quantities in iran. straw is constant component of ruminant diets on small holder farms; however, there is little information about its nutritive value. accordingly experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and ruminal organic matter (om) and crude protein (cp) degradability of chickpea straw using nylon bags (in situ) technique. replicated samples were incubated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours in three r ...201226623292
genetics and characterization of an open flower mutant in chickpea.the chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is a self-pollinated grain legume with cleistogamous flowers. a spontaneous open-flower mutant, designated ofm-3, was identified in which reproductive organs were not enclosed by the keel petals and thus remained exposed. all 10 stamens in this mutant were free, whereas these are in diadelphous (9 fused + 1 free) condition in normal chickpea flowers. a large number of pods (73%) remained unfilled (empty) in ofm-3, though its pollen fertility was as high as the s ...201222189872
novel ssr markers from bac-end sequences, dart arrays and a comprehensive genetic map with 1,291 marker loci for chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is the third most important cool season food legume, cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. the goal of this study was to develop novel molecular markers such as microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers from bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-end sequences (bess) and diversity arrays technology (dart) markers, and to construct a high-density genetic map based on recombinant inbred line (ril) population icc 4958 (c. arietinum)×pi 4897 ...201122102885
effects of sodium selenite and germination on the sprouting of chickpeas (cicer arietinum l.) and its content of selenium, formononetin and biochanin a in the sprouts.to improve the nutritional value of chickpea food, selenium (se)-rich chickpea sprouts were produced by germination of chickpea seeds for 6 days at 28 centigrade in the presence of various concentrations of na(2)seo(3) in germination solution. high concentrations of selenite were found to inhibit the growth of chickpea sprout and the biosynthesis of isoflavones formononetin and biochanin a. however, chickpea sprouts could tolerate up to ~50 mg/l of na(2)seo(3), under which condition the product ...201222101473
role of salicylic acid in induction of plant defense system in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).salicylic acid (sa), a plant hormone plays an important role in induction of plant defense against a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses through morphological, physiological and biochemical mechanisms. a series of experiments were carried out to evaluate the biochemical response of the chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) plants to a range of sa concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2 mm). water treated plants were maintained as control. activities of peroxidase (pod) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) were evaluat ...201122057329
traditional plant-based remedies to control insect vectors of disease in the arribes del duero (western spain): an ethnobotanical study.in several spanish rural communities, simple and effective plant-based remedies are employed for the control of vector-borne diseases. hence, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and usage custom of traditional insect control in the arribes del duero-ard-(salamanca-zamora, w spain).201122001073
phytic acid and raffinose series oligosaccharides metabolism in developing chickpea seeds.phytic acid and raffinose series oligosaccharides (rfos) have anti-nutritional properties where phytic acid chelates minerals and reduces their bioavailability to humans and other animals, and rfos cause flatulence. both phytic acid and rfos cannot be digested by monogastric animals and are released as pollutant-wastes. efforts are being made to reduce the contents of these factors without affecting the viability of seeds. this will require a thorough understanding of their metabolism in differe ...201123573029
integration of genetic and physical maps of the chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) genome using flow-sorted chromosomes.cultivated chickpea is the third most important legume after field bean and garden pea worldwide. despite considerable breeding towards improved yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, the production of chickpea remained stagnant, but molecular tools are expected to increase the impact of current improvement programs. as a first step towards this goal, various genetic linkage maps have been established and markers linked to resistance genes been identified. however, until now, only ...201121947955
comparative studies on morphological and biochemical characters of chickpea genotypes under chilling stress.comparison of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) genotypes for morphological and biochemical attributes was done. morphological characters viz. plant height, number of branches and number of leaves were recorded highest in chilling tolerant genotypes at early stages of development (30 and 60 das) whereas at later stages (90 and 120 das) these characters were recorded highest in chilling sensitive genotypes. pollen viability percentage at 5 and 10 degrees c temperatures were recorded highest in chilli ...201121882654
lc-esi-ms characterisation of phytoalexins induced in chickpea and pea tissues in response to a biotic elicitor of hypnea musciformis (red algae).a simple extraction procedure and hplc method was developed to analyse the major and minor components of induced phytoalexins of elicited tissues (seeds) of chickpeas (cicer arietinum l.) and peas (pisum sativum l.) treated with a biotic elicitor (k-carrageenan) of hypnea musciformis (red algae) from the karachi coast. the level and timing of the induced phytoalexin production were estimated on the basis of various elicitor dilutions and as a function of time; the results are presented and discu ...201121859260
some physiological and biochemical responses to nickel in salicylic acid applied chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) seedlings.the present study examined the effects of salicylic acid pre-application on the responses of seven-day-old chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) seedlings to nickel. for this purpose, the plants were treated with 1 mm salicylic acid solution for 6 and 10 hours and then treated with 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mm nickel solutions for 48 hours hydroponically. following the treatment, changes in seedling length, seedling fresh weight and leaf dry weight (after 10 hours), as well as mda, proline, protein and pigment co ...201121840830
three-dimensional visualization and quantification of water content in the rhizosphere.• despite the importance of rhizosphere properties for water flow from soil to roots, there is limited quantitative information on the distribution of water in the rhizosphere of plants. • here, we used neutron tomography to quantify and visualize the water content in the rhizosphere of the plant species chickpea (cicer arietinum), white lupin (lupinus albus), and maize (zea mays) 12 d after planting. • we clearly observed increasing soil water contents (θ) towards the root surface for all three ...201121824150
the βi-galactosidase of cicer arietinum is located in thickened cell walls such as those of collenchyma, sclerenchyma and vascular tissue.we report localisation of the chickpea βi-gal, a member of the chickpea β-galactosidase family, which contains at least four members. after generation of specific antibodies, the distribution and cellular immunolocalisation of the protein in different organs and developmental stages of the plant was studied. βi-gal protein is much longer than the other chickpea β-galactosidases because of the presence of a lectin-like domain in the carboxyl terminus of the protein. western blot experiments indic ...201121815982
a new flavonoid glycoside from the seeds of cicer arietinum linn. 201121796944
identification and characterization of a lea family gene carlea4 from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).late-embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins have been reported to be closely correlated with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance during seed development and response of plant to drought, salinity, and freezing, etc. in this study, a lea gene, carlea4 (genbank accession no. gu247511), was isolated from chickpea based on a cdna library constructed with chickpea seedling leaves treated by polyethylene glycol (peg). carlea4 contained two exons and one intron within genomic dna sequence and encod ...201221720760
proline induces heat tolerance in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) plants by protecting vital enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism.chickpea is a heat sensitive crop hence its potential yield is considerably reduced under high temperatures exceeding 35 °c. in the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of proline in countering the damage caused by heat stress to growth and to enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism in chickpea. the chickpea seeds were raised without (control) and with proline (10 μm) at temperatures of 30/25 °c, 35/30 °c, 40/35 °c and 45/40 °c as day/ night (12 h/12 h) in a growth chamber. the shoot ...201123573011
molecular cloning and characterization of an f-box family gene carf-box1 from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).f-box protein family has been found to play important roles in plant development and abiotic stress responses via the ubiquitin pathway. in this study, an f-box gene carf-box1 (for cicer arietinum f-box gene 1, genbank accession no. gu247510) was isolated based on a cdna library constructed with chickpea seedling leaves treated by polyethylene glycol. carf-box1 encoded a putative protein with 345 amino acids and contained no intron within genomic dna sequence. carf-box1 is a kfb-type f-box prote ...201221667242
gene discovery and tissue-specific transcriptome analysis in chickpea with massively parallel pyrosequencing and web resource development.chickpea (cicer arietinum) is an important food legume crop but lags in the availability of genomic resources. in this study, we have generated about 2 million high-quality sequences of average length of 372 bp using pyrosequencing technology. the optimization of de novo assembly clearly indicated that hybrid assembly of long-read and short-read primary assemblies gave better results. the hybrid assembly generated a set of 34,760 transcripts with an average length of 1,020 bp representing about ...201121653784
purification, crystallization and x-ray characterization of a kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor protein from the seeds of chickpea (cicer arietinum).a kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor protein (cpti) purified from chickpea seeds was estimated to have a molecular mass of 18 kda on sds-page. the ic(50) value of cpti was determined to be 2.5 µg against trypsin. the inhibitory activity of cpti is 114 tiu (trypsin inhibitory units) per milligram of protein, which is high compared with those of other known kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors from legumes. cpti crystallized in three different orthorhombic crystal forms: p2(1)2(1)2 form a, p2(1)2(1)2 form b ...201121636920
large-scale transcriptome analysis in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), an orphan legume crop of the semi-arid tropics of asia and africa.chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is an important legume crop in the semi-arid regions of asia and africa. gains in crop productivity have been low however, particularly because of biotic and abiotic stresses. to help enhance crop productivity using molecular breeding techniques, next generation sequencing technologies such as roche/454 and illumina/solexa were used to determine the sequence of most gene transcripts and to identify drought-responsive genes and gene-based molecular markers. a total o ...201121615673
phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of chickpeas (cicer arietinum l.) as affected by a dehydration process.this study presents the effects of soaking, cooking and industrial dehydration on the phenolic profile, and antioxidant capacity in two chickpea varieties (sinaloa and castellano). chromatographic analysis identified a total of 24 phenolic components, being isoflavones the main phenolics in raw and processed sinaloa and castellano flours. the impact of the industrial dehydration was different depending on the chickpea variety. although castellano chickpea exhibited the highest levels of phenolic ...201121573982
role of steaming and toasting on the odor, protein characteristics of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) flour, and product quality.proteins play an important role in imparting functional attributes like texture and shape, which determine the sensory quality of the foods. boondi, a deep fried product from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) flour dispersion, is a popular snack food in india. chickpea dhal (splits) or flour was subjected to various processing conditions like steaming and toasting, to determine their effect on the chickpea flour protein characteristics and on the product quality. dhal and flour subjected to differen ...201121535791
comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests) between drought-tolerant and -susceptible genotypes of chickpea under terminal drought stress.chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is an important grain-legume crop that is mainly grown in rainfed areas, where terminal drought is a major constraint to its productivity. we generated expressed sequence tags (ests) by suppression subtraction hybridization (ssh) to identify differentially expressed genes in drought-tolerant and -susceptible genotypes in chickpea.201121513527
albinism does not correlate with biparental inheritance of plastid dna in interspecific hybrids in cicer species.cultivated chickpea (cicer arietinum) was crossed with its wild relatives from the genus cicer to transfer favorable genes from the wider gene pool into the cultivar. post-hybridization barriers led to yellowing and subsequent senescence from as early as 5 days after fertilization, however, the ovules of hybrid embryos could be rescued in vitro. hybrids were classified as green, partially green or albino. the hybrid status of regenerated plantlets in vitro was confirmed by amplification of nucle ...201121421411
development and use of genic molecular markers (gmms) for construction of a transcript map of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).a transcript map has been constructed by the development and integration of genic molecular markers (gmms) including single nucleotide polymorphism (snp), genic microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (ssr) and intron spanning region (isr)-based markers, on an inter-specific mapping population of chickpea, the third food legume crop of the world and the first food legume crop of india. for snp discovery through allele re-sequencing, primer pairs were designed for 688 genes/expressed sequence ta ...201121384113
advancing the stms genomic resources for defining new locations on the intraspecific genetic linkage map of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is an economically important cool season grain legume crop that is valued for its nutritive seeds having high protein content. however, several biotic and abiotic stresses and the low genetic variability in the chickpea genome have continuously hindered the chickpea molecular breeding programs. stms (sequence tagged microsatellite sites) markers which are preferred for the construction of saturated linkage maps in several crop species, have also emerged as the most ...201121329497
physicochemical, thermal and functional characterisation of protein isolates from kabuli and desi chickpea (cicer arietinum l.): a comparative study with soy (glycine max) and pea (pisum sativum l.).chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) seeds are a good source of protein that has potential applications in new product formulation and fortification. the main objectives of this study were to analyse the physicochemical, thermal and functional properties of chickpea protein isolates (cpis) and compare them with those of soy (spi) and pea (ppi) protein isolates.201121328351
the salt-responsive transcriptome of chickpea roots and nodules via deepsupersage.the combination of high-throughput transcript profiling and next-generation sequencing technologies is a prerequisite for genome-wide comprehensive transcriptome analysis. our recent innovation of deepsupersage is based on an advanced supersage protocol and its combination with massively parallel pyrosequencing on roche's 454 sequencing platform. as a demonstration of the power of this combination, we have chosen the salt stress transcriptomes of roots and nodules of the third most important leg ...201121320317
chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production of straws from different varieties and accessions of chickpea.chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production of straw from four different varieties of kabuli chickpea (cicer arietinum) were studied. kinetics of fermentation of straws from 19 different accessions of chickpea was also evaluated using gas production technique. significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the yield of straw [from 1041 to 1174 kg dry matter (dm)/ha] from different varieties. the proportion of seed/straw from different varieties varied from 0.61 to 0.93. cr ...201221320177
microscopic detection of adulteration of bengal gram (cicer arietinum) flour with other legume flour based on the seed testa macrosclereids.besan, the flour of bengal gram (cicer arietinum linn), a legume, is a popular ingredient of many culinary dishes in india. because of its high demand, its flour is often adulterated by that of other legumes, such as, lathyrus sativus (lathyrus) or pisum sativum (pea) by unscrupulous traders. there are chemical methods of paper chromatography and hplc by which the adulteration with the flour of l. sativus can be established but they are sophisticated techniques. at present, there are no chemical ...201123572726
growth stimulation of gram (cicer arietinum) plant by water soluble carbon nanotubes.water soluble carbon nanotubes (wscnts) show enhancement of the growth rate of common gram (cicer arietinum) plants. treating plants with up to 6.0 μg ml(-1) of wscnt shows an increased growth rate in every part of the plant including the roots, shoots and also in branching. the noticeable difference between the wscnt treated and controlled gram is the water uptake; in the former it is dramatically enhanced, suggesting better water absorption and retention related to enhanced growth. this work s ...201121253651
reduction of turbidity of water using locally available natural coagulants.turbidity imparts a great problem in water treatment. moringa oleifera, cicer arietinum, and dolichos lablab were used as locally available natural coagulants in this study to reduce turbidity of synthetic water. the tests were carried out, using artificial turbid water with conventional jar test apparatus. optimum mixing intensity and duration were determined. after dosing water-soluble extracts of moringa oleifera, cicer arietinum, and dolichos lablab reduced turbidity to 5.9, 3.9, and 11.1 ne ...201123724307
assembling a puzzle of dispersed retrotransposable sequences in the genome of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).several repetitive elements are known to be present in the genome of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) including satellite dna and en/spm transposons as well as two dispersed, highly repetitive elements, carep1 and carep2. pcr was used to prove that carep1, carep2, and previously isolated carep3 of c. arietinum represent different segments of a highly repetitive ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon (metaviridae) designated carep that makes up large parts of the intercalary heterochromatin. the full sequen ...201021164541
effect of sprouting on antioxidant and inhibitory potential of two varieties of bengal gram (cicer arietinum l.) against key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes.type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, and the current treatment for type 2 diabetes targets oxidative stress and postprandial hyperglycemia via the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. in the present study, two varieties of sprouted and non-sprouted bengal gram (white coated and brown coated) extracts were assayed for total phenolic content, dpph radical scavenging activity, total antioxidative capability and the inhibition of α-glucosidase ...201121126210
isolation and characterization of stress induced ty1-copia like retrotransposable elements in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).almost all active plant retroelements are known to be induced by various biotic and abiotic stresses. here, we show the presence of transcriptionally active ty1-copia like retroelements in chickpea and their induction in response to abiotic stress. eight ty1-copia retrotransposon like mrna sequences were reverse transcribed, amplified, cloned and characterized from stressed plants. these mrna sequences were not detected in chickpea plants grown under normal conditions. basing on the similarity a ...201021090170
component analysis and free radicals scavenging activity of cicer arietinum l. husk pectin.a pectin (cap) was extracted from the husk of cicer arietinum l. monosaccharide analysis of cap revealed the dominance of galacturonic acid and smaller amounts of galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, xylose and mannose. viscosimetric analysis showed that the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and the molecular weight (mw) of cap were 296 ml/g and 105 kda, respectively. the degree of esterification (de = 10%) was determined by ftir spectroscopy. cap exhibited a dose-dependent free radical scavenging a ...201020938405
magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea and chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings.the effects of magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea (pisum sativum l var. macrocarpon) and kabuli chickpea (cicer arietinum l) seeds on the emergence, early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings were investigated under glasshouse conditions. the treatments included (i) magnetic treatment of irrigation water (mtw), (ii) magnetic treatment of seeds (mts), (iii) magnetic treatment of irrigation water and seeds (mtws) and (iv) no magnetic treatment of irrigation water or seeds as ...201120925062
characterization of heterogeneity in ty1-copia group retrotransposons in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).retrotransposons represent a major fraction of the plant genome and play a significant role in the molecular evolution through sequence re-organization. in order to access the diversity in ty1-copia group of retrotransposons in chickpea, reverse transcriptase (rt) conserved domain specific primers were selected to amplify rt conserved sequences. thirty-six amplified fragments were cloned and characterized. on the basis of deduced amino acid homology among them, these sequences were grouped into ...201020873217
an alternative pathway for ureide usage in legumes: enzymatic formation of a ureidoglycolate adduct in cicer arietinum and phaseolus vulgaris.ureidoglycolate is an intermediate in the degradation of the ureides, allantoin and allantoate, found in many organisms. in some leguminous plant species these compounds are used to transport recently fixed nitrogen in the root nodules to the aerial parts of the plant. in the present study, it was demonstrated that purified ureidoglycolases from chickpea (cicer arietinum) and french bean (phaseolus vulgaris) do not produce glyoxylate, and can use phenylhydrazine as a substrate with k(m) values o ...201120813786
genetic diversity of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) germplasm in pakistan as revealed by rapd analysis.genetic diversity analysis of chickpea germplasm can provide practical information for the selection of parental material and thus assist in planning breeding strategies. chickpea seed is a good source of carbohydrates and proteins, constituting 80% of the total dry seed weight. released cultivars and advanced lines of 30 chickpea genotypes were subjected to rapd analysis for assessment of genetic diversity. we used 16 rapd primers. amplification of genomic dna of the 30 genotypes yielded 62 fra ...201020662156
proline improves copper tolerance in chickpea (cicer arietinum).the present study suggests the involvement of proline in copper tolerance of four genotypes of cicer arietinum (chickpea). based on the data of tolerance index and lipid peroxidation, the order for copper tolerance was as follows: rsg 888 > csg 144 > csg 104 > rsg 44 in the selected genotypes. the basis of differential copper tolerance in chickpea genotypes was characterized by analyzing, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbated peroxidase and catalase), phytochelatins, copper uptak ...201020625778
phosphate solubilization potential and phosphatase activity of rhizospheric trichoderma spp.trichoderma sp., a well known biological control agent against several phytopathogens, was tested for its phosphate (p) solubilizing potential. fourteen strains of trichoderma sp. were isolated from the forest tree rhizospheres of pinus, deodar, bamboo, guava and oak on trichoderma selective medium. the isolates were tested for their in-vitro p-solubilizing potential using national botanical research institute phosphate (nbrip) broth containing tricalcium phosphate (tcp) as the sole p source, an ...201024031556
determination of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in colored chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).dry legumes are staple and potentially functional food, being a good source of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. the objective of this study was to determine the total polyphenol content (tpc), total flavonoid content (tfc), and their relation with antioxidant capacity in 17 chickpea lines having colored seed coats (black, red, brown, green, rubiginous, gray, yellow, cream, or beige). the seed coat usually contains more than 95% of these compounds. in this study, both tpc and tf ...201020492256
validation of internal control genes for quantitative gene expression studies in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).the real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) data requires normalization with an internal control gene expressed at constant levels under all the experimental conditions being analyzed for accurate and reliable gene expression results. in this study, the expression of 12 candidate internal control genes, including act1, ef1alpha, gapdh, if4a, tub6, ubc, ubq5, ubq10, 18srrna, 25srrna, grx and hsp90, in a diverse set of 18 tissue samples representing different organs/developmental stages and stre ...201020399753
analysis of gene expression in response to water deficit of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) varieties differing in drought tolerance.chickpea (c. arietinum l.) ranks third in food legume crop production in the world. however, drought poses a serious threat to chickpea production, and development of drought-resistant varieties is a necessity. unfortunately, cultivated chickpea has a high morphological but narrow genetic diversity, and understanding the genetic processes of this plant is hindered by the fact that the chickpea genome has not yet been sequenced and its est resources are limited. in this study, two chickpea variet ...201020144227
integration of novel ssr and gene-based snp marker loci in the chickpea genetic map and establishment of new anchor points with medicago truncatula genome.this study presents the development and mapping of simple sequence repeat (ssr) and single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in chickpea. the mapping population is based on an inter-specific cross between domesticated and non-domesticated genotypes of chickpea (cicer arietinum icc 4958 x c. reticulatum pi 489777). this same population has been the focus of previous studies, permitting integration of new and legacy genetic markers into a single genetic map. we report a set of 311 novel ssr ma ...201020098978
preliminary results on evaluation of chickpea, cicer arietinum, genotypes for resistance to the pulse beetle, callosobruchus maculatus.abstract the chickpea, cicer arietinum l. (fabales: fabaceae), seeds are vulnerable, both in the field and in storage, to attack by seed-beetles. beetles of the genus callosobruchus are major storage pests of chickpea crops and cause considerable economic losses. in the present study, a total of 11 chickpea genotypes including five 'kabuli' (mexican white, diyar, ca 2969, ilc 8617 and acc 245) and six 'desi' chickpeas (icc 1069, icc 12422, icc 14336, icc 4957, icc 4969 and icc 7509) were evaluat ...200920050777
multifunctional crop trait ontology for breeders' data: field book, annotation, data discovery and semantic enrichment of the literature.agricultural crop databases maintained in gene banks of the consultative group on international agricultural research (cgiar) are valuable sources of information for breeders. these databases provide comparative phenotypic and genotypic information that can help elucidate functional aspects of plant and agricultural biology. to facilitate data sharing within and between these databases and the retrieval of information, the crop ontology (co) database was designed to provide controlled vocabulary ...201022476066
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-carbolin-2-ium-3-carboxyl-ate.the title compound, c(13)h(14)n(2)o(2), is a natural product isolated from cicer arietinum l. (chickpea). the benzene ring and pyrrole rings display planar conformations and the piperidine ring has a half-chair conformation. inter-molecular c-h⋯π inter-actions between a methyl h atom and the pyrrole ring of an adjacent mol-ecule are present in the crystal structure.201021579861
a comprehensive resource of drought- and salinity- responsive ests for gene discovery and marker development in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), an important grain legume crop of the world is seriously challenged by terminal drought and salinity stresses. however, very limited number of molecular markers and candidate genes are available for undertaking molecular breeding in chickpea to tackle these stresses. this study reports generation and analysis of comprehensive resource of drought- and salinity-responsive expressed sequence tags (ests) and gene-based markers.200919912666
flower numbers, pod production, pollen viability, and pistil function are reduced and flower and pod abortion increased in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) under terminal drought.terminal drought during the reproductive stage is a major constraint to yield of chickpea in many regions of the world. termination of watering (ws) during podding in a small-seeded desi chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) cultivar, rupali, and a large-seeded kabuli chickpea cultivar, almaz, induced a decrease in predawn leaf water potential (lwp), in the rate of photosynthesis, and in stomatal conductance. compared to well-watered (ww) controls, the ws treatment reduced flower production by about two ...201019854801
in vivo (rat) and in vitro (caco-2 cells) absorption of amino acids from legume protein isolates as compared to lactalbumin or casein.the amino acid absorption from legume protein isolates (from chickpeas, cpi; and lupins, lpi) was studied in in vivo and in vitro experiments in comparison to animal proteins (casein and lactalbumin). in the in vivo experiment on rats, the diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogen (per kg diet 15.5 mj digestible energy and 150 g protein, respectively). at 150 min after feeding, the concentration of free amino acids in arterial and portal blood plasma of rats fed legume proteins was significantly d ...200926967799
molecular analysis of an actin gene, caract1, from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).actins are ubiquitous and highly conserved proteins that play key roles in cell formation and cellular activities. in this study, an actin gene was isolated from chickpea for the first time and designated as caract1 (for cicer arietinum l. actin gene 1; genbank accession no. eu529707). it encoded a putative protein with 377 amino acids and contained five exons and four introns within genomic dna sequence. caract1 was localized in cytoplasm and showed high similarity to other well known actins fr ...201019777370
cloning and characterization of a novel nac family gene carnac1 from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).the plant-specific nac (for nam, ataf1,2 and cuc2) proteins have been found to play important roles in plant development and stress responses. in this study, a nac gene carnac1 (for cicer arietinum l. nac gene 1) was isolated from a cdna library constructed with chickpea seedling leaves treated by polyethylene glycol. carnac1 encoded a putative protein with 239 amino acids and contained 3 exons and 2 introns within genomic dna sequence. carnac1 had a conserved nac domain in the n-terminus and th ...201019669952
a nac transcription factor gene of chickpea (cicer arietinum), carnac3, is involved in drought stress response and various developmental processes.nac transcription factors have been found to play important roles in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. based on two cdna libraries constructed from the peg-treated and -nontreated seedling leaves of chickpea, a nac gene, carnac3, was isolated and characterized. the results indicated that carnac3 contained 285 amino acids and had a conserved nac domain. it was localized in the nucleus and possessed trans-activation activity in the c-terminus. phylogenetic analysis showed ...200919595478
doubled-haploid production in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.): role of stress treatments.this is the first report on the production of double-haploid chickpea embryos and regenerated plants through anther culture using canadian cultivar cdc xena (kabuli) and australian cultivar sonali (desi). maximum anther induction rates were 69% for sonali and 63% for cdc xena. under optimal conditions, embryo formation occurred within 15-20 days of culture initiation with 2.3 embryos produced per anther for cdc xena and 2.0 embryos per anther for sonali. for anther induction, the following stres ...200919543732
characterization of a novel legumin alpha-amylase inhibitor from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) seeds.a proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitor (clai) was purified from cicer arietinum seeds. it had a molecular mass of 25.947 kda and inhibited alpha-amylases from plants and mammals. analysis of the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide from clai showed that it was different from other known alpha-amylase inhibitors, but had high identity to legumins from cicer arietinum (100%) and vicia faba var. minor (90%).200919420683
two cell wall kunitz trypsin inhibitors in chickpea during seed germination and seedling growth.two kunitz trypsin inhibitors tpi-1 and tpi-2, encoded by catpi-1 and catpi-2, previously identified and characterized, have been detected in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) embryonic axes from seeds imbibed up to 48 h. their gene transcription commenced before germination sensu stricto was completed. the transcript amount of catpi-1 remained high until 24 h after imbibition, when the epicotyls started to grow, while catpi-2 mrna, which appeared later, reached a maximum at 48 h. both the temporal ...200919091584
supersage: the drought stress-responsive transcriptome of chickpea roots.drought is the major constraint to increase yield in chickpea (cicer arietinum). improving drought tolerance is therefore of outmost importance for breeding. however, the complexity of the trait allowed only marginal progress. a solution to the current stagnation is expected from innovative molecular tools such as transcriptome analyses providing insight into stress-related gene activity, which combined with molecular markers and expression (e)qtl mapping, may accelerate knowledge-based breeding ...200819025623
genetic structure, diversity, and allelic richness in composite collection and reference set in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).plant genetic resources (pgr) are the basic raw materials for future genetic progress and an insurance against unforeseen threats to agricultural production. an extensive characterization of pgr provides an opportunity to dissect structure, mine allelic variations, and identify diverse accessions for crop improvement. the generation challenge program http://www.generationcp.org conceptualized the development of "composite collections" and extraction of "reference sets" from these for more effici ...200818922189
an optimal protocol for in vitro regeneration, efficient rooting and stable transplantation of chickpea.a rapid, reproducible and efficient regeneration method was developed for chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) using single cotyledon with half embryonal axis as explants. ms medium supplemented with 4 ìm tdz, 10 ìm 2-ip and 2 ìm kinetin induced 50-100 adventitious buds/shoots after 14 days of culture and elongated on ms medium supplemented with 5 ìm 2-ip and 2 ìm kinetin. healthy, strong and 100 % rooting was achieved by exposing cut ends of the shoots to 10 sec pulse treatment with 100 ìmoles/ml iba ...200823572899
optimizing regeneration condition in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).in this study, multiple shoot induction and whole plant regeneration from decapitated embryo axes of three chick peal genotypes including mcc252, mcc283 and mcc505 were evaluated on modified murashige and skoog's medium (mms) which, its vitamins were replaced by vitamins of b5 medium, supplemented with varied concentration of thidiazuron (0.1, 0.2 mg l(-1)) or 6-benzylaminopurin (1,2 mg l(-1)) or zeatin (1, 2 mg l(-1)) treatments. bap was found to be the most effective cytokinin in normal multip ...200818810970
comparative analysis of ests in response to drought stress in chickpea (c. arietinum l.).chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is an important pulse crop grown mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions. to identify the water-stress-induced genes, two non-normalized cdna libraries were constructed from the seedling leaves of a drought-tolerant chickpea cultivar under peg-treated and -nontreated conditions. about 2500 clones from each library were selected randomly for sequencing analysis. based on ideg6 online software analysis, 92 genes were differentially expressed, and these genes were inv ...200818804093
impact of germination time and type of illumination on carotenoidcontent, protein solubility and in vitro protein digestibility of chickpea(cicer arietinum l.) sprouts.sprouts have been reported to be nutritionally superior to their respective seeds with higher levels of nutrients and lower amounts of antinutrients. significant differences occur in these nutrients and antinutrients with germination under different types of illumination. this paper reports the impact of germination conditions on changes in β-carotene content, protein solubility and in vitro protein digestibility of chickpea sprouts. the influence of germination time, type of illumination and th ...200826049993
complete plastid genome sequence of the chickpea (cicer arietinum) and the phylogenetic distribution of rps12 and clpp intron losses among legumes (leguminosae).chickpea (cicerarietinum, leguminosae), an important grain legume, is widely used for food and fodder throughout the world. we sequenced the complete plastid genome of chickpea, which is 125,319bp in size, and contains only one copy of the inverted repeat (ir). the genome encodes 108 genes, including 4 rrnas, 29 trnas, and 75 proteins. the genes rps16, infa, and ycf4 are absent in the chickpea plastid genome, and ndhb has an internal stop codon in the 5'exon, similar to other legumes. two genes ...200818638561
extraction and characterization of chickpea (cicer arietinum) albumin and globulin.albumin and globulin fractions of 1 desi and 2 kabuli varieties of chickpeas (cicer arietinum) were extracted with water and salt solutions (k(2)so(4) and nacl). the extractable yields and particularly the albumin-globulin ratio varied greatly with the extraction medium and chickpea variety. depending on the procedure employed, albumin could be extracted as a major fraction of chickpea proteins. higher levels of essential amino acids and sulfur containing amino acids were found in albumins than ...200818576973
differential transcript accumulation in cicer arietinum l. in response to a chewing insect helicoverpa armigera and defence regulators correlate with reduced insect performance.monitoring transcriptional reorganization triggered in response to a particular stress is an essential first step for the functional analysis of genes involved in the process. to characterize cicer arietinum l. defence responses against helicoverpa armigera feeding, transcript patterns elicited by both herbivore and mechanical wounding were profiled and compared, and the application of defence regulators was assessed. a combination of approaches was employed to develop transcript profiles, inclu ...200818544610
exposure of seeds to static magnetic field enhances germination and early growth characteristics in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).seeds of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) were exposed in batches to static magnetic fields of strength from 0 to 250 mt in steps of 50 mt for 1-4 h in steps of 1 h for all fields. results showed that magnetic field application enhanced seed performance in terms of laboratory germination, speed of germination, seedling length and seedling dry weight significantly compared to unexposed control. however, the response varied with field strength and duration of exposure without any particular trend. am ...200818512697
analysis of genome organization, composition and microsynteny using 500 kb bac sequences in chickpea.the small genome size (740 mb), short life cycle (3 months) and high economic importance as a food crop legume make chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) an important system for genomics research. although several genetic linkage maps using various markers and genomic tools have become available, sequencing efforts and their use are limited in chickpea genomic research. in this study, we explored the genome organization of chickpea by sequencing approximately 500 kb from 11 bac clones (three representin ...200818504542
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