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genome-based analysis of the transcriptome from mature chickpea root nodules.symbiotic nitrogen fixation (snf) in root nodules of grain legumes such as chickpea is a highly complex process that drastically affects the gene expression patterns of both the prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic interacting cells. a successfully established symbiotic relationship requires mutual signaling mechanisms and a continuous adaptation of the metabolism of the involved cells to varying environmental conditions. although some of these processes are well understood today many of the molecu ...201425071808
the effect of colloidal solution of molybdenum nanoparticles on the microbial composition in rhizosphere of cicer arietinum l.the use of colloidal solutions of metals as micronutrients enhances plant resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions and ensures high yields of food crops due to the active penetration of nanoelements into the plant cells. microbiological examination of rhizosphere soil have revealed that combined use of colloidal solution of nanoparticles of molybdenum (csnm, 8 mg/l), and microbial preparation for pre-sowing inoculation of chickpea seeds stimulates the development of 'agronomically valu ...201425024677
role of nodd gene product and flavonoid interactions in induction of nodulation genes in mesorhizobium ciceri.mesorhizobium ciceri is a host specific bacterium which nodulates the genus, cicer. host specificity is regulated at first step by induction of nodulation (nod) genes in the presence of nodd protein and inducers (flavonoids) of plant origin. the inducer specificity of m. ciceri nodd gene was studied in nodd-mutant strain hn-9 carrying heterologous nodd genes and nodalacz fusion. the induction profile of nod promoter in m. ciceri revealed that nodd gene product of m. ciceri is specifically activa ...201023572956
genomic characterization of the leed..peeds, a gene family unique to the medicago lineage.the leed..peed (lp) gene family in medicago truncatula (a17) is composed of 13 genes coding small putatively secreted peptides with one to two conserved domains of negatively charged residues. this family is not present in the genomes of glycine max, lotus japonicus, or the irlc species cicer arietinum. lp genes were also not detected in a trifolium pratense draft genome or pisum sativum nodule transcriptome, which were sequenced de novo in this study, suggesting that the lp gene family arose wi ...201425155275
wrky domain-encoding genes of a crop legume chickpea (cicer arietinum): comparative analysis with medicago truncatula wrky family and characterization of group-iii gene(s).the wrky genes have been identified as important transcriptional modulators predominantly during the environmental stresses, but they also play critical role at various stages of plant life cycle. we report the identification of wrky domain (wd)-encoding genes from galegoid clade legumes chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and barrel medic (medicago truncatula). in total, 78 and 98 wd-encoding genes were found in chickpea and barrel medic, respectively. comparative analysis suggests the presence of bo ...201627060167
nitrate uptake, nitrate reductase distribution and their relation to proton release in five nodulated grain legumes.nitrate uptake, nitrate reductase activity (nra) and net proton release were compared in five grain legumes grown at 0.2 and 2 mm nitrate in nutrient solution. nitrate treatments, imposed on 22-d-old, fully nodulated plants, lasted for 21 d. increasing nitrate supply did not significantly influence the growth of any of the species during the treatment, but yellow lupin (lupinus luteus) had a higher growth rate than the other species examined. at 0.2 mm nitrate supply, nitrate uptake rates ranged ...200212234143
modulation of quorum sensing controlled behaviour of bacteria by growing seedling, seed and seedling extracts of leguminous plants.effect of growing seedling, seeds and seedlings extracts from seven leguminous plants (pisum sativum, vigna radiata, vigna mungo, cajanus cajan, lentil culinaris, cicer arietinum and trigonella foenum graecum) were screened for their ability to influence quorum sensing controlled pigment production in chromobacterium violaceum indicator strains (cv12472 and cvo26). germinating seedling and seedling extracts of only p. sativum (pea) showed inhibition of violacein production. interestingly, the t. ...201023100836
improvement in agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) by the inhibition of polyphenolics released during wounding of cotyledonary node explants.agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) has been performed using cotyledonary node explants (cns), which release phenolics upon excision that are detrimental to the viability of agrobacterium tumefaciens and result in low transformation frequency. twelve low molecular weight phenolic compounds and salicylic acid were identified in the exudates released upon excision during the preparation of cotyledonary nodes by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography ...201726747430
siderophore biosynthesis genes of rhizobium sp. isolated from cicer arietinum l.rhizobium bicc 651, a fast-growing strain isolated from root nodule of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), produced a catechol siderophore to acquire iron under iron poor condition. a tn5-induced mutant (b153) of the strain, bicc 651 impaired in siderophore biosynthesis was isolated and characterized. the mutant failed to grow on medium supplemented with iron chelator and grew less efficiently in deferrated broth indicating its higher iron requirement. the mutant produced less number of nodules than ...201428324476
a highly efficient agrobacterium mediated transformation system for chickpea wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri using dsred-express to follow root colonisation.the soil-borne fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (foc) causes vascular wilt of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), resulting in substantial yield losses worldwide. agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation (atmt) has served as a resourceful tool for plant-pathogen interaction studies and offers a number of advantages over conventional transformation systems. here, we developed a highly efficient a. tumefaciens mediated transformation system for foc. in addition, a binary vector for cons ...201222397973
agrobacterium-mediated transformation in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) with an insecticidal protein gene: optimisation of different factors.agrobacterium-mediated transformation in chickpea was developed using strain lba4404 carrying nptii, uida and cryiac genes and transformants selected on murashige and skoog's basal medium supplemented with benzyladenine, kinetin and kanamycin. integration of transgenes was demonstrated using polymerase chain reaction and southern blot hybridization of t0 plants. the expression of cryiac delta endotoxin and gus enzyme was shown by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and histochemical assay respecti ...201023572977
genome-wide identification and structure-function studies of proteases and protease inhibitors in cicer arietinum (chickpea).proteases are a family of enzymes present in almost all living organisms. in plants they are involved in many biological processes requiring stress response in situations such as water deficiency, pathogen attack, maintaining protein content of the cell, programmed cell death, senescence, reproduction and many more. similarly, protease inhibitors (pis) are involved in various important functions like suppression of invasion by pathogenic nematodes, inhibition of spores-germination and mycelium g ...201525464349
identification of lipoxygenase (lox) genes from legumes and their responses in wild type and cultivated peanut upon aspergillus flavus infection.lipoxygenase (lox) genes are widely distributed in plants and play crucial roles in resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. although they have been characterized in various plants, little is known about the evolution of legume lox genes. in this study, we identified 122 full-length lox genes in arachis duranensis, arachis ipaënsis, cajanus cajan, cicer arietinum, glycine max, lotus japonicus and medicago truncatula. in total, 64 orthologous and 36 paralogous genes were identified. the full-leng ...201627731413
sequential optimization methods for augmentation of marine enzymes production in solid-state fermentation: l-glutaminase production a case study.there is an increased l-glutaminase market worldwide due to its relevant industrial applications. salt tolerance l-glutaminases play a vital role in the increase of flavor of different types of foods like soya sauce and tofu. this chapter is presenting the economically viable l-glutaminases production in solid-state fermentation (ssf) by aspergillus flavus mtcc 9972 as a case study. the enzyme production was improved following a three step optimization process. initially mixture design (md) (aug ...201727452167
phytase production by aspergillus niger ncim 563 for a novel application to degrade organophosphorus pesticides.the production of phytase using aspergillus niger ncim 563 under submerged fermentation conditions was studied using protein rich chickpea flour as substrate. employing a hybrid statistical media optimization strategy of plackett-burman and box-behnken experimental designs in shake-flasks gave an increased phytase activity from an initial 66 iu/ml in 216 h to 160 iu/ml in a reduced time of 132 h. productivity, thus increased by 3.97 times from 7.3 to 29 iu/ml/day. using the optimized media, the ...201728321795
biocontrol efficacy and plant growth promoting activity of bacillus altitudinis isolated from darjeeling hills, india.a total of 18 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of sechium edule growing in the lower foothills of darjeeling, india. the bacterial isolates were tested for pgpr traits in vitro such as phosphate solubilization, hcn, siderophore, iaa, chitinase, protease production as well as inhibition of pthytopathogens. of all the bacterial isolates, one bacterium designated as brhs/s-73 was found to possess all the tested characters which was identified on the basis of 16s rrna gene seque ...201523996212
screening of mercury-resistant and indole-3-acetic acid producing bacterial-consortium for growth promotion of cicer arietinum l.mercury resistant (hg(r) ) bacteria were screened from industrial effluents and effluents-polluted rhizosphere soils near to districts kasur and sheikhupura, pakistan. out of 60 isolates, three bacterial strains, bacillus sp. az-1, bacillus cereus az-2, and enterobacter cloacae az-3 showed hg-resistance as 20 μg ml(-1) of hgcl2 and indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) production as 8-38 μg ml(-1) . biochemical and molecular characterization of selected bacteria was confirmed by 16s ribotyping. mercury res ...201727911010
influence of endophytic bacillus pumilus and edta on the phytoextraction of cu from soil by using cicer arietinum.in developing countries, soil contamination with metals is ubiquitous, which poses a serious threat to the ecosystem. the current study was designed to screen out the nested belongings of cicer arietinum plants and bacillus pumilus (kf 875447) in extracting copper (cu) from contaminated soils. a pot experiment was executed by growing c. arietinum seedlings either inoculated with b. pumilus or uninoculated along with the application of 5 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta). plants were subj ...201727869502
characterization of burdock mottle virus, a novel member of the genus benyvirus, and the identification of benyvirus-related sequences in the plant and insect genomes.the complete nucleotide sequence of the burdock mottle virus (bdmov) isolated from an edible burdock plant (arctium lappa) in japan has been determined. bdmov has a bipartite genome, whose organization is similar to rna1 and rna2 of benyviruses, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), beet soil-borne mosaic virus (bsbmv), and rice stripe necrosis virus (rsnv). bdmov rna1 (7038 nt) contains a single open reading frame (orf) encoding a 249-kda polypeptide that consists of methyl-transferase, heli ...201323911632
efficacy of combined formulations of fungicides with different modes of action in controlling botrytis gray mold disease in chickpea.botrytis gray mold (bgm) caused by botrytis cinerea pers. ex. fr. is an extremely devastating disease of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and has a regional as well as an international perspective. unfortunately, nonchemical methods for its control are weak and ineffective. in order to identify an effective control measure, six fungicides with different modes of action were evaluated on a bgm susceptible chickpea variety barichhola-1 at a high bgm incidence location (madaripur) in bangladesh for th ...201424723819
polyclonal antisera production by immunization with mixed cell antigens of different rhizobial species.somatic antigens of bradyrhizobium japonicum, rhizobium sp. (cicer arietinum) and rhizobium sp. (leucaena leucocephala) were prepared as standard, single-species type from cultured cells. equal numbers of the cells of these rhizobia were then combined to obtain a mixed-rhizobial-species antigen preparation. rabbits were immunized either with the standard, single-species type or with the mixed-rhizobial-species antigen preparations. the antisera developed from the mixed antigen immunization conta ...199424421129
antifungal and antiproliferative protein from cicer arietinum: a bioactive compound against emerging pathogens.the emergence of epidemic fungal pathogenic resistance to current antifungal drugs has increased the interest in developing alternative antibiotics from natural sources. cicer arietinum is well known for its medicinal properties. the aim of this work was to isolate antimicrobial proteins from cicer arietinum. an antifungal protein, c-25, was isolated from cicer arietinum and purified by gel filtration. c-25 protein was tested using agar diffusion method against human pathogenic fungi of atcc str ...201424963482
ciceribacter lividus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of chick pea (cicer arietinum l.).the taxonomic position of strain mssrfbl1(t), isolated from chickpea rhizosphere soil from kannivadi, india, was determined. strain mssrfbl1(t) formed bluish black colonies, stained gram-negative and was motile, aerobic, capable of fixing dinitrogen, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. q-10 was the major respiratory quinone. major fatty acids of strain mssrfbl1(t) were c18 : 1ω7c and c19 : 0cycloω8c. minor amounts of c18 : 0, c12 : 0, c14 : 0 3-oh, c18 : 0 3-oh, c16 : 0, c16 : 1ω6c/c16 : 1ω7 ...201323907221
rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii, ensifer numidicus and mesorhizobium amorphae symbiovar ciceri (or mesorhizobium loti) are new endosymbiotic bacteria of lens culinaris medik.a total of 142 rhizobial bacteria were isolated from root nodules of lens culinaris medik endemic to tunisia and they belonged to the species rhizobium leguminosarum, and for the first time to ensifer and mesorhizobium, genera never previously described as microsymbionts of lentil. phenotypically, our results indicate that l. culinaris medik strains showed heterogenic responses to the different phenotypic features and they effectively nodulated their original host. based on the concatenation of ...201627267929
solution and in silico studies on the recombinant lectin from cicer arietinum seeds.the cicer arietinum seed lectin was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli and purified in active form. conformational characterization of the recombinant lectin (rcal) was performed using biophysical and bioinformatics tools. thermal denaturation of rcal caused rapid secondary structural rearrangements above 50 °c and transient exposure of hydrophobic residues at 55 °c, leading to aggregation. treatment of rcal with gdnhcl resulted in unfolding followed by dissociation of the dimer. the singl ...201323485479
molecular cloning, overexpression, and characterization of autophosphorylation in calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (cdpk1) from cicer arietinum.in plants, calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are key intermediates in calcium-mediated signaling that couple changes in ca(2+) levels to a specific response. in the present study, we report the high-level soluble expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase1 from cicer arietinum (cacdpk1) in escherichia coli. the expression of soluble cacdpk1 was temperature dependent with a yield of 3-4 mg/l of bacterial culture. cacdpk1 expressed as histidine-tag fusion protein was purified using ni- ...201322760783
a chickpea kunitz trypsin inhibitor is located in cell wall of elongating seedling organs and vascular tissue.kunitz proteinase inhibitors in legumes have mainly been described as defence and storage proteins. here, we report a kunitz trypsin inhibitor, encoded by the catpi-1 gene from cicer arietinum. the transcription of this gene mainly occurs in seedling vegetative organs, and is affected by the light and growth stages. the recombinant tpi-1 protein expressed in e. coli was seen to be an efficient inhibitor of trypsin. after the generation of polyclonal antibodies against recombinant tpi-1 protein, ...200717226027
genome wide transcriptome profiling of fusarium oxysporum f sp. ciceris conidial germination reveals new insights into infection-related genes.vascular wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (foc) is a serious disease of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) accounting for approximately 10-15% annual crop loss. the fungus invades the plant via roots, colonizes the xylem vessels and prevents the upward translocation of water and nutrients. infection is initiated by conidia that invade the host tissue often by penetration of intact epidermal cells. here, we report the characterization of the transcriptome of foc sequenced using illumin ...201627853284
chickpea ferritin cafer1 participates in oxidative stress response, and promotes growth and development.ferritins store and sequester iron, and regulate iron homeostasis. the cdna for a stress-responsive phytoferritin, previously identified in the extracellular matrix (ecm) of chickpea (cicer arietinum), was cloned and designated cafer1. the cafer1 transcript was strongly induced in chickpea exposed to dehydration, hypersalinity and aba treatment. additionally, it has role in the defense against fusarium oxysporum infection. functional complementation of the yeast frataxin-deficient mutant, δyfh1, ...201627503257
characterization and biocontrol potent of streptomyces sp. isolated from the rhizosphere of ononis angustissima lam.a total of 40 actinomycetes isolated from rhizosphere soils of ononis angustissima lam. were in vitro tested for their antagonism against deferent pathogenic microorganisms by streak assay. among the isolates, four (21, 2a26, 1b10 and 2c34) present a potent antagonism against both pathogenic bacteria and fungi, they were selected, identified by 16s rdna sequence analysis and phenotypic properties, and tested for their antimicrobial activity as well as their biocontrol potential against chickpea ...201527141751
identification and characterization of wilt and salt stress-responsive micrornas in chickpea through high-throughput sequencing.chickpea (cicer arietinum) is the second most widely grown legume worldwide and is the most important pulse crop in the indian subcontinent. chickpea productivity is adversely affected by a large number of biotic and abiotic stresses. micrornas (mirnas) have been implicated in the regulation of plant responses to several biotic and abiotic stresses. this study is the first attempt to identify chickpea mirnas that are associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. the wilt infection that is caused ...201425295754
siderophore as a potential plant growth-promoting agent produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa jas-25.siderophores scavenges fe(+3) from the vicinity of the roots of plants, and thus limit the amount of iron required for the growth of pathogens such as fusarium oxysporum, pythium ultimum, and fusarium udum, which cause wilt and root rot disease in crops. the ability of pseudomonas to grow and to produce siderophore depends upon the iron content, ph, and temperature. maximum yield of siderophore of 130 μm was observed at ph 7.0 ± 0.2 and temperature of 30 °c at 30 h. the threshold level of iron w ...201425062779
development of dart markers and assessment of diversity in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, wilt pathogen of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (foc), the causal agent of fusarium wilt of chickpea is highly variable and frequent recurrence of virulent forms have affected chickpea production and exhausted valuable genetic resources. the severity and yield losses of fusarium wilt differ from place to place owing to existence of physiological races among isolates. diversity study of fungal population associated with a disease plays a major role in understanding and devising better disease control strategie ...201424912854
phylogenetic relationship between different race representative populations of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in respect of translation elongation factor-1α, β-tubulin, and internal transcribed spacer region genes.genetic diversity of 70 isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris originated from various states of india representing eight races causing wilt in chickpea (cicer arietinum) was analyzed using translation elongation factor-1α (tef-1α), β-tubulin, and internal transcribed spacer (its) gene regions. tef-1α, β-tubulin, and its gene-specific markers produced ~720-, ~500-, and ~550-bp amplicons, respectively, in all the isolates of the pathogen. a phylogenetic tree constructed from the sequences ...201424639029
temporal and spatial changes in phenolic compounds in response to fusarium wilt in chickpea and pigeonpea.plant phenolic compounds are known to play an important role in innate plant defense and are reported to show temporal and spatial changes in response to abiotic and biotic stress including invading pathogens. in the present study, spatial and temporal variations in phenolic compounds in response to infection by wilt pathogen, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (foc) and fusarium udum (fud) were studied in wilt resistant and wilt susceptible cultivars of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and pigeonpea ...201223273197
bacterial exopolysaccharide and biofilm formation stimulate chickpea growth and soil aggregation under salt stress.to compensate for stress imposed by salinity, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production are significant strategies of salt tolerant bacteria to assist metabolism. we hypothesized that two previously isolated salt-tolerant strains halomonas variabilis (ht1) and planococcus rifietoensis (rt4) have an ability to improve plant growth, these strains can form biofilm and accumulate exopolysacharides at increasing salt stress. these results showed that bacteria might be involved in developing ...201224031943
italian legumes: effect of sourdough fermentation on lunasin-like polypeptides.there is an increasing interest toward the use of legumes in food industry, mainly due to the quality of their protein fraction. many legumes are cultivated and consumed around the world, but few data is available regarding the chemical or technological characteristics, and especially on their suitability to be fermented. nevertheless, sourdough fermentation with selected lactic acid bacteria has been recognized as the most efficient tool to improve some nutritional and functional properties. th ...201526494432
exploitation of the nutritional and functional characteristics of traditional italian legumes: the potential of sourdough fermentation.this study aimed at evaluating the composition of nineteen traditional italian legumes and at investigating the potential of the sourdough fermentation with selected lactic acid bacteria to improve the nutritional and functional features. traditional italian legumes, all with product certifications and belonging to phaseolus vulgaris, cicer arietinum, lathyrus sativus, lens culinaris and pisum sativum species, were used in this study. seeds were milled, and flours were analyzed for proximate com ...201525522057
effect of different initial population densities of meloidogyne incognita on the growth of cicer arietinum.studies were undertaken to determine the effect of different initial population densities (pi = 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10,000 and 15,000 j2/pot) of meloidogyn incognita on chikpea cv. bandal local in a pot experiment. plant growth, flowering and pod bearing were influenced by all the initial population densities. increase in pi not only resulted in proportional decrease in plant lenght, fresh weight, dry weight and pod bearing but also delayed the flowering. the highest reduction w ...200617390808
identification of rhizobial strains nodulating egyptian grain legumes.fifty four bacterial strains were isolated from root nodules of the grain legumes cicer arietinum, lens esculentus, phaseolus vulgaris, pisum sativum, and vicia faba grown in cultivated lands of beni-suef governorate (egypt). repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) clustered the strains into 15 rep-pcr groups. the nearly complete sequence of the 16s rrna gene from a representative strain of each rep-pcr pattern showed that the strains were closely related to membe ...201324568031
dissecting the root nodule transcriptome of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).a hallmark trait of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), like other legumes, is the capability to convert atmospheric nitrogen (n2) into ammonia (nh3) in symbiotic association with mesorhizobium ciceri. however, the complexity of molecular networks associated with the dynamics of nodule development in chickpea need to be analyzed in depth. hence, in order to gain insights into the chickpea nodule development, the transcriptomes of nodules at early, middle and late stages of development were sequenced ...201627348121
complete genome sequence of mesorhizobium ciceri strain cc1192, an efficient nitrogen-fixing microsymbiont of cicer arietinum.we report the complete genome sequence of mesorhizobium ciceri strain cc1192, an efficient nitrogen-fixing microsymbiont of cicer arietinum (chickpea). the genome consists of 6.94 mb distributed between a single chromosome (6.29 mb) and a plasmid (0.65 mb).201627284135
genotypic alteration and competitive nodulation of mesorhizobium muleiense against exotic chickpea rhizobia in alkaline soils.mesorhizobium muleiense, mesorhizobium mediterraneum and mesorhizobium ciceri are chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) rhizobia that share a high similarity of the symbiotic genes nodc and nifh, but they have different geographic distributions. m. muleiense has been isolated and found only in alkaline soils of xinjiang, china, whereas the other two strains have been found in the mediterranean and india. to investigate the species stability of m. muleiense during natural evolution and its capability of ...201425123757
mechanisms of physiological adjustment of n2 fixation in cicer arietinum l. (chickpea) during early stages of water deficit: single or multi-factor controls.drought negatively impacts symbiotic nitrogen fixation (snf) in cicer arietinum l. (chickpea), thereby limiting yield potential. understanding how drought affects chickpea nodulation will enable the development of strategies to biotechnologically engineer chickpea varieties with enhanced snf under drought conditions. by analyzing carbon and nitrogen metabolism, we studied the mechanisms of physiological adjustment of nitrogen fixation in chickpea plants nodulated with mesorhizobium ciceri during ...201424947137
assessment of molecular diversity in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) rhizobia and structural analysis of 16s rdna sequences from mesorhizobium ciceri.molecular diversity studies of 19 rhizobia isolates from chickpea were conducted using simple sequence repeats (ssr) and 16s rdna-rflp markers. phenotypic characterization with special reference to salinity and ph tolerance was performed. these isolates were identified as different strains of mesorhizobium, rhizobium, bradyrhizobium, and agrobacterium. twenty ssr loci of mesorhizobium ciceri, distributed across the other rhizobial genome, clearly differentiated 19 rhizobial isolates. analogous c ...201324459830
approaches for enhancement of n₂ fixation efficiency of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) under limiting nitrogen conditions.chickpea (cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop in many countries in the world. the symbioses between chickpea and mesorhizobia, which fix n₂ inside the root nodules, are of particular importance for chickpea's productivity. with the aim of enhancing symbiotic efficiency in chickpea, we compared the symbiotic efficiency of c-15, ch-191 and cp-36 strains of mesorhizobium ciceri in association with the local elite chickpea cultivar 'bivanij' as well as studied the mechanism underlying the im ...201424267445
mesorhizobium ciceri lms-1 expressing an exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase increases its nodulation abilities and chickpea plant resistance to soil constraints.our goal was to understand the symbiotic behaviour of a mesorhizobium strain expressing an exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase, which was used as an inoculant of chickpea (cicer arietinum) plants growing in soil.201222486441
performance of chickpea, lentil and lupin nodulated with indigenous or inoculated rhizobia micropartners under nitrogen, boron, cobalt and molybdenum fertilization schedules.chickpea (cicer arietinum), lentil (lens esculenta) and lupin (lupinus albus) responded to inoculation with their respective symbiotants:rhizobium loti, rhizobium leguminosarum biovarviceae andbradyrhizobium sp. (lupinus) alone or with (nh4)2so4 at 30 ppm n. soil application of na2moo4.2h2o at 3 ppm mo, cocl2.6h2o at 2 ppm co(2+) or na2b4o7.10h2o at 1 ppm b with 0 and 30 ppm n increased nodule weight and plant dry weight and n-content 60 days after sowing and seed yield, seed size and the n and ...199224425609
increased protein content of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria under water deficit conditions.chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) is a widely cropped pulse and an important source of proteins for humans. in mediterranean regions it is predicted that drought will reduce soil moisture and become a major issue in agricultural practice. nitrogen (n)-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi have the potential to improve plant growth and drought tolerance. the aim of the study was to assess the effects of n-fixing bacteria and am fungi on the growth, grain yield and protein content of c ...201728071807
paenibacillus endophyticus sp. nov., isolated from nodules of cicer arietinum.a bacterial strain, designated pecae04(t), was isolated from root nodules of cicer arietinum in spain. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus paenibacillus with its closest relative being paenibacillus castaneae ch-32(t) with 98.4 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity followed by paenibacillus glycanilyticus ds-1(t), paenibacillus prosopidis pw21(t), paenibacillus xinjiangensis b538(t) and paenibacillus catalpae d75(t) with similarities ranging from ...201323852155
interactive effects of phosphorus and pseudomonas putida on chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) growth, nutrient uptake, antioxidant enzymes and organic acids exudation.phosphorus (p) availability in alkaline soils of arid and semi-arid regions is a major constraint for decreased crop productivity. use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) may enhance plant growth through the increased plant antioxidation activity. additionally, pgpr may increase nutrient uptake by plants as a result of induced root exudation and rhizosphere acidification. the current study was aimed to investigate combined effects of p and pesudomonas putida (pgpr) on chickpea growth ...201627485620
pseudomonas putida attunes morphophysiological, biochemical and molecular responses in cicer arietinum l. during drought stress and recovery.drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses that adversely affect plant growth and yield potential. however, some drought resistant rhizosphere competent bacteria are known to improve plant health and promote growth during abiotic stresses. present study showed the role of pseudomonas putida mtcc5279 (ra) in ameliorating drought stress on cv. bg-362 (desi) and cv. bg-1003 (kabuli) chickpea cultivars under in vitro and green house conditions. polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress s ...201626744996
concurrent drought stress and vascular pathogen infection induce common and distinct transcriptomic responses in chickpea.chickpea (cicer arietinum); the second largest legume grown worldwide is prone to drought and various pathogen infections. these drought and pathogen stresses often occur concurrently in the field conditions. however, the molecular events in response to that are largely unknown. the present study examines the transcriptome dynamics in chickpea plants exposed to a combination of water-deficit stress and ralstonia solanacearum infection. r. solanacearum is a potential wilt disease causing pathogen ...201728382041
specificity in legume-rhizobia symbioses.most species in the leguminosae (legume family) can fix atmospheric nitrogen (n₂) via symbiotic bacteria (rhizobia) in root nodules. here, the literature on legume-rhizobia symbioses in field soils was reviewed and genotypically characterised rhizobia related to the taxonomy of the legumes from which they were isolated. the leguminosae was divided into three sub-families, the caesalpinioideae, mimosoideae and papilionoideae. bradyrhizobium spp. were the exclusive rhizobial symbionts of species i ...201728346361
cicer canariense, an endemic legume to the canary islands, is nodulated in mainland spain by fast-growing strains from symbiovar trifolii phylogenetically related to rhizobium leguminosarum.cicer canariense is a threatened endemic legume from the canary islands where it can be nodulated by mesorhizobial strains from the symbiovar ciceri, which is the common worldwide endosymbiont of cicer arietinum linked to the genus mesorhizobium. however, when c. canariense was cultivated in a soil from mainland spain, where the symbiovar ciceri is present, only fast-growing rhizobial strains were unexpectedly isolated from its nodules. these strains were classified into the genus rhizobium by a ...201526032249
crystal structure and dynamics of spt16n-domain of fact complex from cicer arietinum.the facilitates chromatin transcription (fact) complex, a heterodimer of ssrp1 and spt16 proteins, is an essential histone chaperone that transiently reorganizes nucleosomes during transcription, replication and repair. n-terminal domain of spt16 subunit (spt16n) is strictly conserved in all the known spt16 orthologs. genetic studies in yeast have revealed a partially redundant role of spt16n for the fact functionality. here, we report the crystal structure of spt16n from a plant origin (spt16nc ...201626995613
gene expression and yeast two-hybrid studies of 1r-myb transcription factor mediating drought stress response in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).drought stress has been one of the serious constraints affecting chickpea productivity to a great extent. genomics-assisted breeding has a potential to accelerate breeding precisely and efficiently. in order to do so, understanding the molecular mechanisms for drought tolerance and identification of candidate genes are crucial. transcription factors (tfs) have important roles in the regulation of plant stress related genes. in this context, quantitative real time-pcr (qrt-pcr) was used to study ...201526734027
a pathogenesis related-10 protein caarp functions as aldo/keto reductase to scavenge cytotoxic aldehydes.pathogenesis related-10 (pr-10) proteins are present as multigene family in most of the higher plants. the role of pr-10 proteins in plant is poorly understood. a sequence analysis revealed that a large number of pr-10 proteins possess conserved motifs found in aldo/keto reductases (akrs) of yeast and fungi. we took three pr-10 proteins, caarp from chickpea, abr17 from pea and the major pollen allergen bet v1 from silver birch as examples and showed that these purified recombinant proteins posse ...201626577640
development and comparison of shelf stable extended and dehydrated goat meat cubes containing four different legume based binder mixes.a study was undertaken to develop shelf stable hot air oven dried goat meat cubes extended with different legume based binder mixes. based on preliminary trials, four different formulations containing 80 % meat mince + 10 % bengal gram based binder mix (hbe), 70 % meat mince + 20 % green gram based binder mix (hgr), 80 % meat mince + 10 % black gram based binder mix (hbl) and 80 % meat mince + 10 % lentil based binder mix (hle) were selected and subjected to physico-chemical, microbiological and ...201526139919
nutritional, chemical and microbiological changes during fermentation of tarhana formulated with different flours.tarhana is a fermented cereal product that is used for the preparation of one of the favourite soups in turkish cuisine. tarhana is a mixture of wheat flour, yoghurt, baker's yeast, salt, and various vegetables, spices and seasonings. it is obtained by mixing all ingredients in the recipe and afterwards the mixture is let to ferment at room temperature. following fermentation tarhana is dried or frozen for long term storage. in this study, to improve the nutritional benefits of tarhana, whole wh ...201525852769
membrane-associated proteomics of chickpea identifies sad1/unc-84 protein (casun1), a novel component of dehydration signaling.dehydration affects almost all the physiological processes including those that result in the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (er), which in turn elicits a highly conserved signaling, the unfolded protein response (upr). we investigated the dehydration-responsive membrane-associated proteome of a legume, chickpea, by 2-de coupled with mass spectrometry. a total of 184 protein spots were significantly altered over a dehydration treatment of 120 h. among the differe ...201424577507
studies on soft centered coated snacks.roasted groundnut seeds, amaranth and dates pulp formed the center filling which was coated with sugar, breadings, desiccated coconut and roasted bengalgram flour (bgf) to get 4 coated snacks. physicochemical characteristics, microbiological profile, sorption behaviour and sensory quality of 4 coated snacks were determined. centre filling to coating ratio of the products were in the range of 3:2-7:1, the product having bgf coating had the thinnest coating. center filling had soft texture and the ...201324425933
medicarpin and maackiain 3-o-glucoside-6'-o-malonate conjugates are constitutive compounds in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) cell cultures.the pterocarpan phytoalexin conjugates medicarpin 3-o-glucoside-6'-o-malonate and maackiain 3-o-glucoside-6'-o-malonate were isolated from cell suspension cultures of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) cultivar ilc 3279 and structurally elucidated. both pterocarpan conjugates are constitutive metabolites of the chickpea cell cultures. upon application of an elicitor from yeast to the cell cultures a substantial increase in the level of the phytoalexin aglycones medicarpin and maackiain was observed a ...199124221677
accumulation of isoflavones and pterocarpan phytoalexins in cell suspension cultures of different cultivars of chickpea (cicer arietinum).cell suspension cultures of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) were established from cultivars ilc 3279 and ilc 1929, resistant and susceptible towards the chickpea pathogenic fungus ascochyta rabiei. the two cell culture lines possess identical growth properties and show high accumulation of the isoflavones biochanin a and formononetin together with their glucoside and malonylglucoside conjugates. the cultures of the two cultivars, however, significantly differ in their accumulation of the phytoalex ...198724248450
evaluation of antagonistic and plant growth promoting activities of chitinolytic endophytic actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants against sclerotium rolfsii in chickpea.to evaluate the potential of chitinolytic endophytic actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plants in order to diminish the collar rot infestation induced by sclerotium rolfsii in chickpea.201627170067
trichoderma species mediated differential tolerance against biotic stress of phytopathogens in cicer arietinum l.trichoderma spp. have been reported to aid in imparting biotic as well as abiotic tolerance to plants. however, there are only few reports unfolding the differential ability of separate species of trichoderma genera generally exploited for their biocontrol potential in this framework. a study was undertaken to evaluate the biocontrol potential of different trichoderma species namely t. harzianum, t. asperellum, t. koningiopsis, t. longibrachiatum, and t. aureoviride as identified in the group of ...201525205162
papilionoid inflorescences revisited (leguminosae-papilionoideae).the inflorescence structure determines the spatiotemporal arrangement of the flowers during anthesis and is therefore vital for reproductive success. the leguminosae are among the largest angiosperm plant families and they include some important crop plants. in papilionoid legumes, the raceme is the most common type of inflorescence. however, a range of other inflorescence types have evolved via various developmental processes. a (re-)investigation of inflorescences in swainsona formosa, cicer a ...201323235698
traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in district udhampur, j&k, india.herbal remedies form an integral part of healing and are considered to be the oldest forms of health care known to mankind. the present study aims to document traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in udhampur district of j&k, india.201525479156
consumer perceptions, descriptive profile, and mechanical properties of a novel product with chickpea flour: effect of ingredients.increasingly popular in the west is hummus, a spread that is made with pureed chickpeas and other healthful ingredients. the changes in texture measurements and sensory properties in a novel chickpea flour-based product occurring when water is partially replaced by common ingredients of hummus were investigated. eleven chickpea gels containing different amounts of minced garlic, lemon juice, curry powder, and inulin were prepared and compared with two control gels. these ingredients were chosen ...201627000135
vegetables, fruits, and legumes: effect on urinary isoflavonoid phytoestrogen and lignan excretion.to compare the effect of vegetable, fruit, and legume consumption on urinary isoflavonoid phytoestrogen and lignan excretion.19957797807
comparative study of the physicochemical, compositional and functional properties of eight flours obtained from different plant materials found in colombia.the physicochemical, compositional and functional properties of flour from green plantains (musa acuminata) of the large green plantain variety, oyster mushrooms (pleorotus ostreatus), pineapple peel (ananas comosus) of the 'apple pineapple' variety, yellow peas (pisum sativum), chickpeas (cicer arietinum), whole grain rice (oryza sativa), whole grain corn (zea mays) and whole grain white quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) were evaluated by using one-way analysis of variance, pearson correlations and p ...201627091150
preparation of antioxidant enzymatic hydrolysates from honeybee-collected pollen using plant enzymes.enzymatic hydrolysates of honeybee-collected pollen were prepared using food-grade proteinase and aminopeptidases entirely of plant origin. bromelain from pineapple stem was applied (8 mau/g substrate) in the first hydrolysis stage. aminopeptidase (0.05 u/g substrate) and proline iminopeptidase (0.03 u/g substrate) from cabbage leaves (brassica oleracea var. capitata), and aminopeptidase (0.2 u/g substrate) from chick-pea cotyledons (cicer arietinum l.) were involved in the additional hydrolysis ...201121318132
evolution and structural diversification of nictaba-like lectin genes in food crops with a focus on soybean (glycine max).the nictaba family groups all proteins that show homology to nictaba, the tobacco lectin. so far, nictaba and an arabidopsis thaliana homologue have been shown to be implicated in the plant stress response. the availability of more than 50 sequenced plant genomes provided the opportunity for a genome-wide identification of nictaba-like genes in 15 species, representing members of the fabaceae, poaceae, solanaceae, musaceae, arecaceae, malvaceae and rubiaceae. additionally, phylogenetic relations ...201728087663
legumeip 2.0--a platform for the study of gene function and genome evolution in legumes.the legumeip 2.0 database hosts large-scale genomics and transcriptomics data and provides integrative bioinformatics tools for the study of gene function and evolution in legumes. our recent updates in legumeip 2.0 include gene and protein sequences, gene models and annotations, syntenic regions, protein families and phylogenetic trees for six legume species: medicago truncatula, glycine max (soybean), lotus japonicus, phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), cicer arietinum (chickpea) and cajanus caj ...201626578557
large-scale transcriptome analysis in faba bean (vicia faba l.) under ascochyta fabae infection.faba bean is an important food crop worldwide. however, progress in faba bean genomics lags far behind that of model systems due to limited availability of genetic and genomic information. using the illumina platform the faba bean transcriptome from leaves of two lines (29h and vf136) subjected to ascochyta fabae infection have been characterized. de novo transcriptome assembly provided a total of 39,185 different transcripts that were functionally annotated, and among these, 13,266 were assigne ...201526267359
functional analyses of the diels-alderase gene sol5 of ascochyta rabiei and alternaria solani indicate that the solanapyrone phytotoxins are not required for pathogenicity.ascochyta rabiei and alternaria solani, the causal agents of ascochyta blight of chickpea (cicer arietinum) and early blight of potato (solanum tuberosum), respectively, produce a set of phytotoxic compounds including solanapyrones a, b, and c. although both the phytotoxicity of solanapyrones and their universal production among field isolates have been documented, the role of solanapyrones in pathogenicity is not well understood. here, we report the functional characterization of the sol5 gene, ...201527839072
functional analyses of the diels-alderase gene sol5 of ascochyta rabiei and alternaria solani indicate that the solanapyrone phytotoxins are not required for pathogenicity.ascochyta rabiei and alternaria solani, the causal agents of ascochyta blight of chickpea (cicer arietinum) and early blight of potato (solanum tuberosum), respectively, produce a set of phytotoxic compounds including solanapyrones a, b, and c. although both the phytotoxicity of solanapyrones and their universal production among field isolates have been documented, the role of solanapyrones in pathogenicity is not well understood. here, we report the functional characterization of the sol5 gene, ...201525372118
iaa-producing rhizobacteria from chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) induce changes in root architecture and increase root biomass.rhizobacteria promote and have beneficial effects on plant growth, making them useful to agriculture. nevertheless, the rhizosphere of the chickpea plant has not been extensively examined. the aim of the present study was to select indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) producing rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of chickpea plants for their potential use as biofertilizers. after obtaining a collection of 864 bacterial isolates, we performed a screen using the salkowski reaction for the presence of auxin c ...201425231840
protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase2 is differentially expressed in chickpea and enhances seed vigor and longevity by reducing abnormal isoaspartyl accumulation predominantly in seed nuclear proteins.protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (pimt) is a widely distributed protein-repairing enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues in spontaneously damaged proteins to normal aspartyl residues. this enzyme is encoded by two divergent genes (pimt1 and pimt2) in plants, unlike many other organisms. while the biological role of pimt1 has been elucidated, the role and significance of the pimt2 gene in plants is not well defined. here, we isolated the pimt2 gene (capimt2 ...201323284083
mining functional microsatellites in legume unigenes.highly polymorphic and transferable microsatellites (ssrs) are important for comparative genomics, genome analysis and phylogenetic studies. development of novel species-specific microsatellite markers remains a costly and labor-intensive project. therefore, interest has been shifted from genomic to genic markers owing to their high inter-species transferability as they are developed from conserved coding regions of the genome. this study concentrates on comparative analysis of genic microsatell ...201122125396
sub-lethal levels of electric current elicit the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites.many secondary metabolites that are normally undetectable or in low amounts in healthy plant tissue are synthesized in high amounts in response to microbial infection. various abiotic and biotic agents have been shown to mimic microorganisms and act as elicitors of the synthesis of these plant compounds. in the present study, sub-lethal levels of electric current are shown to elicit the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in transgenic and non-transgenic plant tissue. the production of the phy ...201518331050
advances in genetics and molecular breeding of three legume crops of semi-arid tropics using next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping technologies.molecular markers are the most powerful genomic tools to increase the efficiency and precision of breeding practices for crop improvement. progress in the development of genomic resources in the leading legume crops of the semi-arid tropics (sat), namely, chickpea (cicer arietinum), pigeonpea (cajanus cajan) and groundnut (arachis hypogaea), as compared to other crop species like cereals, has been very slow. with the advances in next-generation sequencing (ngs) and high-throughput (htp) genotypi ...201223107917
detached leaf assay to screen for host plant resistance to helicoverpa armigera.the noctuid helicoverpa armigera (hübner) is a major insect pest of chickpea cicer arietinum l., pigeonpea cajanus cajan (l.) millsp., peanut arachis hypogaea l., and cotton gossypium spp., and host plant resistance is an important component for managing this pest in different crops. because of variations in insect density and staggered flowering of the test material, it is difficult to identify cultivars with stable resistance to h. armigera across seasons and locations. to overcome these probl ...200515889750
use of a single method in the extraction of the seed storage globulins from several legume species. application to analyse structural comparisons within the major classes of globulins.in this study, a single, improved methodology was used to extract, fractionate and purify the 11s (legumin-type or related to the alpha-conglutin from lupinus albus l.), 7s (vicilin-type or related to the beta-conglutin from l. albus) and 2s (related to the gamma-conglutin from l. albus) families of proteins from eight legume species: l. albus, glycine max (l.) merr., pisum sativum l., vicia faba l., cicer arietinum l., phaseolus vulgaris l., lens culinaris med. and arachis hypogaea l. the sedim ...200011103299
successive use of non-host plant proteinase inhibitors required for effective inhibition of helicoverpa armigera gut proteinases and larval growthwe report on the efficacy of proteinase inhibitors (pis) from three host plants (chickpea [cicer arietinum], pigeonpea [cajanus cajan], and cotton [gossypium arboreum]) and three non-host (groundnut [arachis hypogea], winged bean [psophocarpus tetragonolobus], and potato [solanum tuberosum]) in retarding the growth of helicoverpa armigera larvae, a devastating pest of important crop plants. enzyme assays and electrophoretic analysis of interaction of h. armigera gut proteinases (hgps) with pis r ...199910517841
an antibody to the castor bean glyoxysomal lipase (62 kd) also binds to a 62 kd protein in extracts from many young oilseed plants.an antibody raised against purified glyoxysomal lipase (triacylglycerol hydrolase ec 3.1.1.3.) from castor bean (relative molecular weight of 62,000) also binds to a protein with a relative molecular weight of 62,000 in extracts of food reserve tissues from many young oilseed plants. these plants include brassica napus l., zea mays l., arachis hypogaea l., glycine max l., gossipium hirsutum l., cucurbita pepo l., helianthus annuus l., pisum sativum l., and cicer arietinum l. the antibody caused ...198716665808
preliminary observations on leukaemia specific agglutinins from seeds.semipurified saline extracts of seeds from crotolaria juncea, cassia marginata, ficus racemosa, cicer arietinum (l-532), gossipium indicum (g-27), melia composita, acacia lenticularis, meletia ovalifolia, acacia catechu and peltophorum ferrenginium were tested for leukoagglutinating activity against whole leukocytes and mononuclear cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (34), acute myeloblastic leukaemia (5), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (7), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (3), vario ...19902347609
enhancement of plant growth and yields in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) through novel cyanobacterial and biofilmed inoculants.the use of rhizobium inoculants in chickpea is well established; however, meagre efforts have been directed towards the use of other microbial supplements for improving nutrient uptake and yields. a set of novel cyanobacterial and biofilmed inoculants were evaluated in chickpea under field conditions. a significant two-fold enhancement in leghaemoglobin content of nodules and plant biomass was recorded with anabaena laxa treatment. the inoculants - anabaena laxa and anabaena - rhizobium biofilme ...201727296967
purification and thermal characterization of a novel peroxidase from a local chick pea cultivar.a novel peroxidase isolated from a local chick pea (cicer arietinum l.) cultivar (balksar 2000) was purified by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose chromatography and two runs on gel filtration. the purified enzyme has a specific activity of 2045 u/mg with 17 % activity recovery. the molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 39 kda by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. optimum ph and temperature of the enzyme were 5.5 and 45 degrees c respectively. the thermal den ...200617073725
evidence against the occurrence of adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in higher plants.previous reports on the incorporation of [(14)c]adenine into adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic amp) in oat (avena sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) coleoptile sections, chick-pea (cicer arietinum l.) embryos and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) aleurone layers were reexamined. separation of labelled nucleotides on deae-sephadex a 25 showed that a peak of (14)c activity, previously considered to be cyclic amp, is not identical with this compound. attempts to detect the cyclic nucleotide by ...197424442328
efficacy of natural products against callosobruchus chinensis (coleoptera: bruchidae) in nepal.this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of local natural products against the beetle, callosobruchus chinensis l. (coleoptera: bruchidae), in stored chickpea cicer arietinum l. (fabaceae) in chitwan, nepal. five natural products and one synthetic pesticide (malathion) and two storage regimes (aluminum sheet bin vs. jute bags with plastic lining) were tested for their effect on stored pulse with respect to damage by c. chinensis. the five natural products included xanthoylum armatum dc ...201222812152
root responses to soil ni heterogeneity in a hyperaccumulator and a non-accumulator species.we compared root responses of the ni-hyperaccumulator plant berkheya coddii rossler with the non-accumulator plant cicer arietinum l. to ni heterogeneity in soil. we grew plants in growth containers filled with control soil, homogeneously spiked, and heterogeneously spiked soil with ni concentrations of 62 and 125 mg kg(-1). neutron radiography (nr) was used to observe the root distribution and the obtained images were analysed to reveal the root volumes in the spiked and unspiked segments of th ...201319427726
development of extruded ready-to-eat (rte) snacks using corn, black gram, roots and tuber flour blends.extruded rte snacks were prepared from flour blends made with corn flour, bengal gram flour, roots and tuber flours in a proportion of 60-80: 20: 20 respectively and moisture was adjusted to 17-20 %. the roots and tubers flours were developed from potato (solanum tuberosum), yam (dioscorea spp.), sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.), taro (colocassia esculenta) and beet root (beta vulgaris). different formulations were extruded at 80 ± 5 °c (heater i) and 95-105 °c (heater ii) temperature, 300-350  ...201425190848
a pcr-based assay to detect en/spm-like transposon sequences in plants.degenerate primers deduced from the tpase region of plant en/spm-like transposons allowed the amplification of similar sequences from various plant species including sugar beet, wheat and pea. these primers are efficient tools for the detection of this family of transposons in many plant genomes irrespective of sequence knowledge or phenotypic pecularities. an efficient pcr assay was therefore developed for these class ii transposons, similar to assays already available for ty1-copia-, ty3-gypsy ...200111721956
prospects of raising sahiwal cow calves for veal production under tropical environment.the objective of present study was to evaluate the growth potential of sahiwal calves for veal production on whole milk or whole milk and milk replacer combined in a ratio of 50:50 (mmr). for this purpose, 48 sahiwal calves (both male and female) were assigned to four dietary treatments having 12 animals/treatment. calves in the treatments a and b were offered whole milk at 15 or 20% of their body weight (bw), respectively, up to day 84 adjusted on weekly basis. the calves in treatments c and d ...201323143738
major crop species show differential balance between root morphological and physiological responses to variable phosphorus supply.the relationship between root morphological and physiological responses to variable p supply in different plant species is poorly understood. we compared root morphological and physiological responses to p supply in seven crop species (zea mays, triticum aestivum, brassica napus, lupinus albus, glycine max, vicia faba, cicer arietinum) treated with or without 100 mg p kg(-1) in two soils (acidic and calcareous). phosphorus deficiency decreased root length more in fibrous root species (zea mays, ...201628066491
high-resolution skim genotyping by sequencing reveals the distribution of crossovers and gene conversions in cicer arietinum and brassica napus.we characterise the distribution of crossover and non-crossover recombination in brassica napus and cicer arietinum using a low-coverage genotyping by sequencing pipeline skimgbs. the growth of next-generation dna sequencing technologies has led to a rapid increase in sequence-based genotyping for applications including diversity assessment, genome structure validation and gene-trait association. we have established a skim-based genotyping by sequencing method for crop plants and applied this ap ...201525754422
carboxylate composition of root exudates does not relate consistently to a crop species' ability to use phosphorus from aluminium, iron or calcium phosphate sources.* the relationship between carboxylate release from roots and the ability of the species to utilize phosphorus from sparingly soluble forms was studied by comparing triticum aestivum, brassica napus, cicer arietinum, pisum sativum, lupinus albus, lupinus angustifolius and lupinus cosentinii. * plants were grown in sand and supplied with 40 mg p kg(-1) in the sparingly soluble forms alpo(4), fepo(4) or ca(5)oh(po(4))(3), or as soluble kh(2)po(4); control plants received no p. * the ability to uti ...200717176404
a new abscisic acid catabolic pathway.we report the discovery of a new hydroxylated abscisic acid (aba) metabolite, found in the course of a mass spectrometric study of aba metabolism in brassica napus siliques. this metabolite reveals a previously unknown catabolic pathway for aba in which the 9'-methyl group of aba is oxidized. analogs of (+)-aba deuterated at the 8'-carbon atom and at both the 8'- and 9'-carbon atoms were fed to green siliques, and extracts containing the deuterated oxidized metabolites were analyzed to determine ...200414671016
genome-wide analysis of the basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factor gene family in six legume genomes.plant bzip proteins characteristically harbor a highly conserved bzip domain with two structural features: a dna-binding basic region and a leucine (leu) zipper dimerization region. they have been shown to be diverse transcriptional regulators, playing crucial roles in plant development, physiological processes, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. despite the availability of six completely sequenced legume genomes, a comprehensive investigation of bzip family members in legumes has yet to be pr ...201526651343
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