| phototropism in hypocotyls of radish : i. isolation and identification of growth inhibitors, cis- and trans-raphanusanins and raphanusamide, involved in phototropism of radish hypocotyls. | three growth inhibitors which might be involved in phototropism of sakurajima radish (raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. gigantissimus makino) hypocotyls, were isolated as crystalline forms from light-exposed radish seedlings and identified as cis- and trans-raphanusanins and 6-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepin-2-one (designated raphanusamide). the cis- and trans-raphanusanins inhibited growth of etiolated radish hypocotyls at concentrations higher than 1.5 micromolar, raphanusamide at con ... | 1986 | 16664968 |
| phototropism in hypocotyls of radish : ii. role of cis- and trans-raphanusanins, and raphanusamide in phototropism of radish hypocotyls. | when etiolated radish (raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. gigantissimus makino) hypocotyls were subjected to a continuous unilateral illumination with white fluorescent light (0.1 watt per square meter), the growth rate at the lighted side was strongly inhibited for the first 2 hours, while that at the shaded side showed no change. after 2.5 hours growth on the lighted side recovered gradually, while that on the shaded side was slightly inhibited. the neutral growth inhibitors, cis- and trans-ra ... | 1986 | 16664969 |
| phototropism in hypocotyls of radish : iii. influence of unilateral or bilateral illumination of various light intensities on phototropism and distribution of cis- and trans-raphanusanins and raphanusamide. | when etiolated radish (raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. gigantissimus makino) hypocotyls were subjected to a continuous unilateral illumination with white fluorescent light at 0.05, 0.1, or 1 watt per square meter, the suppression of the growth rate on the lighted side depended on the light intensity. the growth rate at the shaded side was only a little affected by the illumination at 0.05 and 0.1 watt per square meter but considerably suppressed by that at 1 watt per square meter. upon a cont ... | 1987 | 16665305 |
| phototropism in hypocotyls of radish: iv. flank growth and lateral distribution of cis- and trans-raphanusanins in the first positive phototropic curvature. | the first positive phototropic curvature induced by a pulse of unilateral white irradiation (0.1 watt per square meter, 30 seconds) of etiolated and de-etiolated sakurajima radish (raphanus sativus var hortensis f. gigantissimus makino) hypocotyls was analyzed in terms of differential growth and growth inhibitor contents of the hypocotyls. in both etiolated and de-etiolated hypocotyls, the growth rates at the lighted sides were suppressed whereas those at the shaded ones showed no change. de-eti ... | 1987 | 16665706 |
| characterization of the major integral protein of vacuolar membrane. | the vacuolar membrane of radish (raphanus sativus) taproot contained a large quantity of a protein of 23 kilodaltons that accounted for more than 25% of the total membrane proteins. the protein, tentatively named vm 23, was purified and characterized. vm 23 tends to aggregate at high temperature even in the presence of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. the apparent molecular size of vm 23 was estimated to be about 400 kilodaltons by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 0.1% triton x-10 ... | 1992 | 16668783 |
| effect of radish (raphanus sativus linn.) on thyroid status under conditions of varying iodine intake in rats. | cruciferous plants viz. cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, radish, mustard etc. that contain goitrogenic/antithyroid substances, constitute a portion of regular human diet. the effect of chronic feeding of fresh and cooked radish, r. sativus under varying state of iodine intake on morphological and functional status of thyroid in albino rats was evaluated by thyroid gland morphology and histology, thyroid peroxidase activity, serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyrotropin levels. the consumption p ... | 2006 | 16924836 |
| a plant mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase: its precise localization and higher enzymatic activity. | a novel cdna of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx), which encodes a functional protein capable of complementing the yeast phghx-deletion mutant, was recently discovered in radish (raphanus sativus) and designated as rsphgpx [yang x-d, li w-j, liu j-y (2005) biochim biophys acta 1728:199-205]. sequence alignment suggested that rsphgpx contains a targeting peptide required for transport to mitochondria, but the experimental evidence for the exact intracellular distribution o ... | 2006 | 16944266 |
| phosphorylation of h2ax histones in response to double-strand breaks and induction of premature chromatin condensation in hydroxyurea-treated root meristem cells of raphanus sativus, vicia faba, and allium porrum. | histone h2a variant h2ax is rapidly phosphorylated on the induction of dna double-strand breaks by ionizing radiation and hydroxyurea-mediated replication arrest, resulting in the formation of gamma-h2ax foci along megabase chromatin domains nearby the sites of incurred dna damage. in an attempt to establish a relationship between species-specific nuclear architecture and h2ax phosphorylation in s/g(2) phase-arrested root meristem cells, immunocytochemical comparisons using an antibody raised ag ... | 2007 | 17111099 |
| [potential allelopathic effects of piper nigrum, mangifera indica and clausena lansium]. | with piper nigrum, mangifera indica and clausena lansium as the donators, this paper studied their potential allelopathic effects on the germination and growth of zea mays, glycine max, cucurbita moschata, arachis hypogaea, raphanus sativus, echinochloa crusgalli, digitaria sanguinalis and stylosanthes guianensis. the results showed that the aqueous extracts of these donators could inhibit the germination and growth of z. mays, g. max, c. moschata, e. crus-galli and d. sanguinalis at high concen ... | 2006 | 17147171 |
| behavior of glucosinolates in pickling cruciferous vegetables. | crucifer species, which include widely consumed vegetables, contain glucosinolates as secondary metabolites. cruciferous vegetables are consumed in japan in salt-preserved or pickled form as well as cooked and raw fresh vegetables. in this study, changes in contents of glucosinolates during the pickling process were investigated. 4-methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate, a major glucosinolate in the root of japanese radish, daikon (raphanus sativus l.), was detected in pickled products with a short ... | 2006 | 17147429 |
| antioxidant and choleretic properties of raphanus sativus l. sprout (kaiware daikon) extract. | brassica vegetables and glucosinolates contained therein are supposed to reduce the risk of cancer and to possess health-promoting properties. the benefits of a brassica-based diet may be particularly expressed by eating sprouts, in which the glucosinolate content is higher than in mature vegetables. with this in mind, a first objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of radish (raphanus sativus l.) sprouts (kaiware daikon) extract (kde), in which the glucosinolate gluco ... | 2006 | 17177500 |
| streptomyces turgidiscabies secretes a novel virulence protein, nec1, which facilitates infection. | emergence of new, economically important plant-pathogenic species in the mostly saprophytic genus streptomyces involves acquisition of a large, mobile pathogenicity island (pai). biosynthetic genes for a phytotoxin, thaxtomin a, are contained on this pai. the nec1 protein has necrogenic activity on excised potato tuber tissue, and the encoding gene is highly conserved in plant-pathogenic streptomyces spp. the g+c content of nec1 indicates lateral transfer from an unrelated taxon; however, the nu ... | 2007 | 17555268 |
| aqueous extract from spanish black radish (raphanus sativus l. var. niger) induces detoxification enzymes in the hepg2 human hepatoma cell line. | spanish black radish (raphanus sativus l. var. niger) is a member of the cruciferae family that also contains broccoli and brussels sprouts, well-known to contain health-promoting constituents. spanish black radishes (sbr) contain high concentrations of a glucosinolate unique to the radish family, glucoraphasatin, which represents >65% of the total glucosinolates present in sbr. the metabolites of glucosinolates, such as isothiocyanates, are implicated in health promotion, although it is unclear ... | 2007 | 17616135 |
| biostimulation of pah degradation with plants containing high concentrations of linoleic acid. | many plant species enhance the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), but there is little understanding of the mechanisms by which this occurs. this research identified phytochemicals that stimulate pyrene degradation using crushed roottissues from 43 plants that were screened in soil spiked with 100 ppm pyrene. among the plants tested, root tissues from apium graveolens (celery), raphanus sativus (radish), solanum tuberosum (potato), and daucus carota (carrot) were most effe ... | 2007 | 17626440 |
| expression and purification of pheophorbidase, an enzyme catalyzing the formation of pyropheophorbide during chlorophyll degradation: comparison with the native enzyme. | formation of pyropheophorbide (pyropheid) during chlorophyll metabolism in some higher plants has been shown to involve the enzyme pheophorbidase (ppd). this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide (pheid) a to a precursor of pyropheid, c-13(2)-carboxylpyropheid a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheid a. in this study, expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of recombinant ppd from radish (raphanus sativus l.) ... | 2008 | 18846292 |
| protective role of raphanus sativus root extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. | the methanol extract of raphanus sativus root extract showed a protective effect on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. degree of lipid peroxidation caused by paracetamol was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) and protection was measured in reference to serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (sgot), serum glutamate aspartate transaminase (sgpt), and blood and hepatic levels of antioxidants like glutathione and catalase. administrati ... | 2007 | 17685094 |
| the antifungal activity of rsafp2, a plant defensin from raphanus sativus, involves the induction of reactive oxygen species in candida albicans. | rsafp2 (raphanus sativus antifungal peptide 2), an antifungal plant defensin isolated from seed of r. sativus, interacts with glucosylceramides (glccer) in membranes of susceptible yeast and fungi and induces membrane permeabilization and fungal cell death. however, using carboxyfluorescein-containing small unilamellar vesicles containing purified glccer, we could not observe permeabilization as a consequence of insertion of rsafp2 in such vesicles. therefore, we focused on a putative rsafp2-ind ... | 2007 | 17827975 |
| differing effects of water-soluble and fat-soluble extracts from japanese radish (raphanus sativus) sprouts on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | we have shown previously that japanese radish (raphanus sativus) sprouts (jrs) improve blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. in this study, we investigated the components in jrs that caused this hypoglycemic effect, by examining the effects of water-soluble (wse) and fat-soluble (fse) extracts of jrs on diabetes markers in normal (nm) and streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic (dm) rats. the nm and dm rats were divided into a control group and 2 test groups (wse (2.2%) or fse (0.2%)), with the r ... | 2007 | 17874832 |
| mitochondrial nad2 gene is co-transcripted with cms-associated orfb gene in cytoplasmic male-sterile stem mustard (brassica juncea). | the transcriptional patterns of mitochondrial respiratory related genes were investigated in cytoplasmic male-sterile and fertile maintainer lines of stem mustard, brassica juncea. there were numerous differences in nad2 (subunit 2 of nadh dehydrogenase) between stem mustard cms and its maintainer line. one novel open reading frame, hereafter named orfb gene, was located at the downstream of mitochondrial nad2 gene in the cms. the novel orfb gene had high similarity with ymf19 family protein, or ... | 2009 | 18046626 |
| the role of glucose kinase in carbohydrate utilization and extracellular polysaccharide production in xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris. | the genome of the xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (xcc) strain 8004 encodes three uncharacterized proteins, xc1166, xc1223 and xc1976, annotated as glucose kinase (glk) by bioinformatic studies. here we have investigated the biochemical characteristics and physiological roles of these proteins with particular reference to the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharide (eps). xc1166, xc1223 and xc1976 were overexpressed as fusion proteins with a his(6) affinity tag and purified by nicke ... | 2007 | 18048941 |
| complete nucleotide sequences and genome characterization of a novel double-stranded rna virus infecting rosa multiflora. | the three double-stranded (ds) rnas were detected in rosa multiflora plants showing rose spring dwarf (rsd) symptoms. northern blot analysis revealed three dsrnas in preparations of both dsrna and total rna from r. multiflora plants. the complete sequences of the dsrnas (referred to as dsrna 1, dsrna 2 and dsrna 3) were determined based on a combination of shotgun cloning of dsrna cdnas and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the largest dsrna (dsrna 1) was 1,762 bp long wi ... | 2008 | 18172568 |
| tunisian radish extract (raphanus sativus) enhances the antioxidant status and protects against oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in balb/c mice. | radish (raphanus sativus) is a food plant known worldwide. from antiquity it has been used in folk medicine as a natural drug against many toxicants. zearalenone (zen) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin present in corn and food mixture for farm animals and it is hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic and genotoxic. the objectives of the present study were to assess the biological activity of radish extract and to evaluate the protective role of radish extract against the toxicit ... | 2008 | 17385802 |
| cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate from raphanus sativus l. (kaiware daikon) sprouts. | there is high current interest in the chemopreventive potential of brassica vegetables (cruciferae), particularly due to their content in glucosinolates (gl), which upon myrosinase hydrolysis release the corresponding isythiocyanates (itc). some itcs, such as sulforaphane (sfn) from broccoli ( brassica oleacea italica), have been found to possess anticancer activity through induction of apoptosis in selected cell lines, as well as indirect antioxidant activity through induction of phase ii detox ... | 2008 | 18189352 |
| metabolic fate of nicotinamide in higher plants. | metabolism of [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was surveyed in various plant materials including the model plants, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa and lotus japonicus. in all plants studied, nicotinamide was used for the pyridine (nicotinamide adenine) nucleotide synthesis, probably after conversion to nicotinic acid. radioactivity from [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was incorporated into trigonelline (1-n-methylnicotinic acid) and/or into nicotinic acid 1n-glucoside (na-glc). trigonelline is formed ma ... | 2007 | 18251891 |
| inhibitory response of raphanus sativus on lipid peroxidation in albino rats. | in the present study, inhibitory effect of the methanol extract of raphanus sativus root on lipid peroxidation has been carried out in normal rats. graded doses of methanol extract of root of the plant (40, 80 and 120 mg kg(-1) body weight) were administered orally for 15 days to experimental treated rats. distilled water was administered to experimental control rats. at the end of experiment, rats were killed by decapitation after ether anesthesia. blood and liver were collected to measure thio ... | 2008 | 18317549 |
| comparison of the glucosinolate-myrosinase systems among daikon (raphanus sativus, japanese white radish) varieties. | myrosinase is a cytosolic plant enzyme present in daikon ( raphanus sativus, japanese white radish) roots that hydrolyzes 4-methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate (mtbgls) into the natural pungent agent 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (mtbitc), which possesses antimicrobial, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. the concentration of mtbgls, myrosinase activity, and production of mtbitc in seven daikon varieties (one conventional and six heirlooms) were determined to rank the activity ... | 2008 | 18345631 |
| cadmium accumulation in the edible parts of different cultivars of radish, raphanus sativus l., and carrot, daucus carota var. sativa, grown in a cd-contaminated soil. | cadmium accumulation among 12 cultivars of radish (raphanus sativus) and 10 cultivars of carrot (daucus carota var. sativa) was studied in a cd-contaminated soil. the cd concentration in the edible parts of radish and carrot ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 and 0.14 to 0.19 mg kg(-1) fresh weight, respectively. all the tested carrot cultivars and 33% of the tested radish cultivars exceeded the chinese allowable limit for cd. the study showed a greater scope for selecting radish cultivars than for carrot ... | 2008 | 18392549 |
| protective effects of an extract of young radish (raphanus sativus l) cultivated with sulfur (sulfur-radish extract) and of sulforaphane on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. | the protective effects of an extract of young radish (raphanus sativus l) cultivated with sulfur (sulfur-radish extract) and of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate, on carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced liver injury were observed in mice. ccl(4) produced a marked increase in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase (alt), primed lipid peroxidation, and resulted in intense necrosis due to oxidative stress. oral administration of the sulfur-radish extract and of sulforaphane after ccl(4)-induced ... | 2008 | 18460814 |
| zearalenone induces immunotoxicity in mice: possible protective effects of radish extract (raphanus sativus). | radish (raphanus sativus) has been extensively studied for its preventive effects against different degenerative diseases. zearalenone (zen) is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium spp and is frequently implicated in immunological disorders and occasionally in hyperoestrogenic syndromes contributing to the increased risk of cancer and other diseases. the aims of this study were, firstly, to quantitatively evaluate the tunisian radish extract (tre) for its total flavonoids, isothiocyanates and antiox ... | 2008 | 18498713 |
| study of the refirming effect of a plant complex. | loss of skin elasticity is one of the main problems of ageing. this is a mechanical property influenced by elastin, a protein in the dermis which, together with collagen and glycosaminoglycans, makes up the connective tissue. this tissue is affected by a large number of events (such as cutaneous ageing, pregnancy, slimming processes and cellulitis) which eventually cause it to change. at the same time, the metabolism of the proteins of the connective tissue decreases and there is an ever greater ... | 1998 | 18505506 |
| plant response to heavy metal toxicity: comparative study between the hyperaccumulator thlaspi caerulescens (ecotype ganges) and nonaccumulator plants: lettuce, radish, and alfalfa. | thlaspi caerulescens (alpine pennycress) is one of the best-known heavy metal (hm) hyperaccumulating plant species. it exhibits the ability to extract and accumulate various hm at extremely high concentrations. in this hydroponic study, the performance of t. caerulescens (ecotype ganges) to accumulate cd, zn, and cu was compared with that of three nonaccumulator plants: alfalfa (medicago sativa), radish (raphanus sativus), and lettuce (lactuca sativa). plants were exposed to the separately disso ... | 2008 | 18528911 |
| accumulation properties of cadmium in a selected vegetable-rotation system of southeastern china. | a rotation experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with three vegetable crops on red yellowish soil (rys) and silt loamy soil (sls) to study cd accumulation in pak choi ( brassica chinensis l.), tomato ( lycopersicon esculentum), and radish ( raphanus sativus l.). critical cd concentrations in the two soils were evaluated for these vegetables based on human dietary toxicity. cadmium was added as cd(no 3) 2 at a rate of 0-7.00 mg cd kg (-1) soil. shoot growth was not inhibited by cd except for r ... | 2008 | 18593175 |
| uptake of sigmaddt, arsenic, cadmium, copper, and lead by lettuce and radish grown in contaminated horticultural soils. | horticultural soils can contain elevated concentrations of selected trace elements and organochlorine pesticides as a result of long-term use of agrichemicals and soil amendments. a glasshouse study was undertaken to assess the uptake of weathered sigmaddt {sum of the p, p'- and o, p-isomers of ddt [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2- bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethane], dde [1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] and ddd[1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethane]}, arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), ... | 2008 | 18624413 |
| cloning and expression of an antifungal chitinase gene of a novel bacillus subtilis isolate from taiwan potato field. | a chitinase producing bacillus subtilis chu26 was isolated from taiwan potato field. this strain exhibited a strong extra-cellular chitinase activity on the colloidal chitin containing agar plate, and showed a potential inhibit activity against phytopathogen, rhizoctonia solani. the gene encoding chitinase (chi18) was cloned from the constructed b. subtilis chu26 genomic dna library. the chi18 consisted of an open reading frame of 1791 nucleotides and encodes 595 amino acids with a deduced molec ... | 2009 | 18824348 |
| isolation and biochemical characterization of two forms of rd21 from cotyledons of daikon radish (raphanus sativus). | rd21 (responsive to desiccation-21) is an arabidopsis cysteine protease which possesses a granulin-like domain at the c-terminus. although two forms of rd21 have been identified, consisting of an intermediate form (ird21) containing a granulin domain and a mature form (mrd21) lacking this domain, the enzymatic properties of these enzymes remain poorly understood. in this study, mrd21 orthologue was purified to homogeneity from the cotyledons of daikon radish (raphanus sativus). rd21 preferential ... | 2008 | 18838434 |
| identification of isolates that cause a leaf spot disease of brassicas as xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani and pathogenic and genetic comparison with related pathovars. | abstract twenty-five xanthomonas isolates, including some isolates received as either x. campestris pv. armoraciae or pv. raphani, caused discrete leaf spot symptoms when spray-inoculated onto at least one brassica oleracea cultivar. twelve of these isolates and four other xanthomonas isolates were spray- and pin-inoculated onto 21 different plant species/cultivars including horseradish (armoracia rusticana), radish (raphanus sativus), and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). the remaining 13 leaf ... | 2006 | 18943147 |
| purification and characterization of cathepsin b-like cysteine protease from cotyledons of daikon radish, raphanus sativus. | plant cathepsin b-like cysteine protease (cbcp) plays a role in disease resistance and in protein remobilization during germination. the ability of animal cathepsin b to function as a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase has been attributed to the presence of a dihistidine (his110-his111) motif in the occluding loop, which represents a unique structure of cathepsin b. however, a dihistidine motif is not present in the predicted sequence of the occluding loop of plant cbcp, as determined from cdna sequenc ... | 2008 | 18959767 |
| identification of mitochondrial genome rearrangements unique to novel cytoplasmic male sterility in radish (raphanus sativus l.). | a novel cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms) radish (raphanus sativus l.) and its associated mitotype (dcgms) were previously identified; however, no mtdna fragments flanking the atp6 gene were found in the dcgms mitotype. unlike three other mitotypes in this study, a unique mtdna organization, atp6-nad3-rps12, was found to be the major mtdna structure associated with this mitotype. this organization may have arisen from short repeat sequence-mediated recombination events. the short repeat clusters ... | 2009 | 19034407 |
| isothiocyanate profile and selective antibacterial activity of root, stem, and leaf extracts derived from raphanus sativus l. | acetone and hexane extracts derived from the root, stem, and leaf of raphanus sativus were investigated for their antibacterial activity against foodborne and resistant pathogens, such as bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, salmonella typhimurium, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, and escherichia coli. total and individual isothiocyanate (itc) components and their relationship with the antibacterial activity of r. sativus were ... | 2009 | 19182965 |
| efficacy of raphanus sativus in the treatment of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. | in the present study, the efficacy of a methanol extract of raphanus sativus root (rsme) is tested in albino rats that developed hepatic damage due to administration of paracetamol (100 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. twenty rats were divided into three experimental groups (e1, e2, e3) and one control group (ec). two doses of rsme (80 and 120 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to e1 and e2, respectively, and a mixture of rsme (120 mg/kg) and paracetamol (100 mg/kg) was administered to e ... | 2007 | 17910278 |
| brassica cover crops for nitrogen retention in the mid-atlantic coastal plain. | brassica cover crops are new to the mid-atlantic region, and limited information is available on their n uptake capabilities for effective n conservation. forage radish (raphanus sativus l. cv. daikon), oilseed radish (raphanus sativus l. cv. adagio), and rape (brassica napus l. cv. dwarf essex) were compared with rye (secale cereale l. cv. wheeler), a popular cover crop in the region, with regard to n uptake ability and potential to decrease n leaching at two sites in maryland. plants were harv ... | 2009 | 19202022 |
| responses of some common cruciferae to root-knot nematodes. | ten cultivated plants of the family cruciferae were evaluated for susceptibility to meloidogyne arenaria race 1, m. incognita races 1 and 3, and m. javanica in a series of four separate greenhouse tests. after 62-64 days, or 1,032-1,072 degree days (10 c base), several of the crops evaluated showed moderate to severe levels of galling (> 3.0 on 0-5 scale) and moderate numbers of egg masses (>2.0 on 0-5 scale) in response to each of the nematode species and races. among the plants tested, collard ... | 1995 | 19277321 |
| raphanus sativus, sinapis alba, and fagopyrum esculentum as hosts to meloidogyne incognita, meloidogyne javanica, and plasmodiophora brassicae. | cultivars of oilseed radish (raphanus sativus var. oleifera cv. adagio, nemex, pegletta, renova, siletina, siletta nova, and ultimo), white mustard (sinapis alba cv. albatross, emergo, maxi, martigena, metex, and serval), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum cv. prego, tardo), and phacelia (phacelia tanacetifolia cv. angelia) were tested for susceptibility to meloidogyne incognita race 3 and meloidogyne javanica. experiments were conducted in growth chambers at 25 c and 16 hours light for 42 days aft ... | 1994 | 19279960 |
| synthesis and structure--activity relationships of substituted cinnamic acids and amide analogues: a new class of herbicides. | in the present investigation, substituted cinnamic acids (3-hydroxy, 4-hydroxy, 2-nitro, 3-nitro, 4-nitro, 3-chloro, and 4-methoxy) and their amide analogues with four different types of substituted anilines have been synthesized. the synthesized compounds have been screened for their germination inhibition activity on radish (raphanus sativus l. var. japanese white) seeds at 50, 100, and 200 ppm concentrations, and the activity was compared with standard herbicide, metribuzin formulation (senco ... | 2009 | 19368353 |
| combined mri-pet dissects dynamic changes in plant structures and functions. | unravelling the factors determining the allocation of carbon to various plant organs is one of the great challenges of modern plant biology. studying allocation under close to natural conditions requires non-invasive methods, which are now becoming available for measuring plants on a par with those developed for humans. by combining magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and positron emission tomography (pet), we investigated three contrasting root/shoot systems growing in sand or soil, with respect t ... | 2009 | 19392708 |
| the insecticidal activity of four medicinal plants against the blowfly lucilia sericata (diptera: calliphoridae). | the larvae of lucilia sericata induce myiasis and transmit mycobacterial infections to humans and animals. consequently, the blowfly should be controlled for human welfare and economic reasons. | 2009 | 19416380 |
| the design, synthesis and anticancer activity of new nitrogen mustard derivatives of natural indole phytoalexin 1-methoxyspirobrassinol. | nitrogen mustards cis-1-methoxy-2-deoxy-2-[n,n-bis(2 -chloroethyl)amino]spirobrassinol (4) and trans-1-methoxy-2-deoxy-2-[n,n-bis(2 -chloroethyl)amino]spirobrassinol (5) derived from 1-methoxyspirobrassinol, an indole phytoalexin produced by the japanese radish raphanus sativus var. hortensis were designed as prospective dual-action compounds with dna-alkylating effect and glutathione-depleting effects that may sensitize cancer cells to alkylating agents. both new compounds demonstrated cytostat ... | 2009 | 19473057 |
| a novel rf gene controlling fertility restoration of ogura male sterility by rna processing of orf138 found in japanese wild radish and its sts markers. | to reveal the molecular and genetic mechanism of fertility restoration in ogura male sterility in japanese wild radish (raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. raphanistroides), we investigated fertility restoration of a plant that lacks the dominant type of orf687, a previously identified fertility restorer gene. a total of 100 f2 plants were made from the cross between a male-sterile strain with the ogura cytoplasm, 'ms-gensuke', and a japanese wild radish plant. segregation of pollen fertility in ... | 2009 | 19483769 |
| isothiocyanate from the tunisian radish (raphanus sativus) prevents genotoxicity of zearalenone in vivo and in vitro. | zearalenone (zen) is a naturally occurring contaminant of animal feed that has been implicated in several mycotoxicoses in farm livestock. recently some information has become available indicating that zen caused cancer or at least increased its prevalence, although the mechanism of action is unknown. many papers mentioned that exposure to zen results in genotoxicity and dna damage. therefore, we investigated the chemo-preventive role of 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (mtbitc) extracted ... | 2009 | 19501672 |
| the antifungal plant defensin rsafp2 from radish induces apoptosis in a metacaspase independent way in candida albicans. | we show that the antifungal plant defensin raphanus sativus antifungal protein 2 (rsafp2) from radish induces apoptosis and concomitantly triggers activation of caspases or caspase-like proteases in the human pathogen candida albicans. furthermore, we demonstrate that deletion of c. albicans metacaspase 1, encoding the only reported (putative) caspase in c. albicans, significantly affects caspase activation by the apoptotic stimulus acetic acid, but not by rsafp2. to our knowledge, this is the f ... | 2009 | 19596007 |
| raphanus sativus extract protects against zearalenone induced reproductive toxicity, oxidative stress and mutagenic alterations in male balb/c mice. | zearalenone (zen) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of fusarium in cereals and agricultural products. it has been implicated in several mycotoxicosis in farm animals and in humans. there is unequivocal evidence of reproductive toxicity of zen in male mice although the mechanism of action is unknown. several reports suggest that exposure to zen resulted in oxidative stress, genotoxicity and perturbation of reproductive parameters. therefore, the aim of the curren ... | 2009 | 19673099 |
| expression of a plant defensin in rice confers resistance to fungal phytopathogens. | transgenic rice (oryza sativa l. cv. pusa basmati 1), overexpressing the rs-afp2 defensin gene from the raphanus sativus was generated by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. expression levels of rs-afp2 ranged from 0.45 to 0.53% of total soluble protein in transgenic plants. it was observed that constitutive expression of rs-afp2 suppresses the growth of magnaporthe oryzae and rhizoctonia solani by 77 and 45%, respectively. no effect on plant morphology was observed in the rs-afp2 ... | 2010 | 19690975 |
| genetic and physiological determinants of streptomyces scabies pathogenicity. | summary common scab is a severe disease worldwide affecting tap root crops and potato tubers. it is caused by soil-borne filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus streptomyces. streptomycetes usually are saprophytic microorganisms, but a few species have acquired the ability to infect underground plant tissues. the predominant causal agent of potato scab worldwide is streptomyces scabies. the production of phytotoxins called thaxtomins is essential for the virulence of common scab-causing agen ... | 2009 | 19694949 |
| involvement of s-adenosylmethionine-dependent halide/thiol methyltransferase (htmt) in methyl halide emissions from agricultural plants: isolation and characterization of an htmt-coding gene from raphanus sativus (daikon radish). | biogenic emissions of methyl halides (ch3cl, ch3br and ch3i) are the major source of these compounds in the atmosphere; however, there are few reports about the halide profiles and strengths of these emissions. halide ion methyltransferase (hmt) and halide/thiol methyltransferase (htmt) enzymes concerning these emissions have been purified and characterized from several organisms including marine algae, fungi, and higher plants; however, the correlation between emission profiles of methyl halide ... | 2009 | 19723322 |
| kaiware daikon (raphanus sativus l.) extract: a naturally multipotent chemopreventive agent. | brassica vegetables are attracting major attention as healthy foods because of their content of glucosinolates (gls) that release the corresponding isothiocyanates (itcs) upon myrosinase hydrolysis. a number of studies have so far documented the chemopreventive properties of some itcs. on the other hand, single nutrients detached from the food itself risk being somewhat "reductive", since plants contain several classes of compounds endowed with a polyhedral mechanism of action. our recent findin ... | 2008 | 18665601 |
| transgenic tobacco and peanut plants expressing a mustard defensin show resistance to fungal pathogens. | defensins are small positively charged, antimicrobial peptides (approximately 5 kda in size) and some of them exhibit potent antifungal activity. we have cloned the complete cdna containing an orf of 243 bp of a defensin of mustard. the deduced amino acid sequence of the peptide showed more than 90% identity to the amino acid sequence of the well-characterized defensins, rsafp-1 and rsafp-2 of raphanus sativus. we have generated and characterized transgenic tobacco and peanut plants constitutive ... | 2008 | 18758784 |
| isolation, characterization and cloning of a cdna encoding a new antifungal defensin from phaseolus vulgaris l. seeds. | the pvd1 defensin was purified from phaseolus vulgaris (cv. pérola) seeds, basically as described by terras et al. [terras frg, schoofs hme, de bolle mfc, van leuven f, ress sb, vanderleyden j, cammue bpa, broekaer twf. analysis of two novel classes of plant antifungal proteins from radish (raphanus sativus l.) seeds. j biol chem 1992;267(22):15301-9], with some modifications. a deae-sepharose, equilibrated with 20mm tris-hcl, ph 8.0, was initially utilized for the separation of peptides after a ... | 2008 | 18786582 |
| raphanus sativus extract prevents and ameliorates zearalenone-induced peroxidative hepatic damage in balb/c mice. | raphanus sativus (radish) is a species of crucifer, which includes widely consumed vegetables, distributed in asia, africa and europe. it is a rich source of bioactive molecules including anthocyanins, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and other flavonoids, and miscellaneous phenolic substances. we have evaluated the hepatoprotection of r. sativus extract against zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin initiating hepatotoxicity in male balb/c mice. | 2009 | 19903381 |
| evolutionary trajectory of turnip mosaic virus populations adapting to a new host. | little is known about how some plant viruses establish successful cross-species transmission whilst others do not; the genetic basis for adaptation is largely unknown. this study investigated the genetic changes that occurred using the progeny of an infectious clone, p35tunos, derived from the turnip mosaic virus (tumv) uk 1 isolate, which has a brassica host type, but rarely infects raphanus systemically and then only asymptomatically. the genetic trajectory leading to viral adaptation was stud ... | 2010 | 19906944 |
| qtl mapping of clubroot resistance in radish (raphanus sativus l.). | a qtl analysis for clubroot resistance (cr) of radish was performed using an f(2) population derived from a crossing of a cr japanese radish and a clubroot-susceptible (cs) chinese radish. f(3) plants obtained by selfing of f(2) plants were used for the cr tests. the potted seedlings were inoculated and the symptom was evaluated 6 weeks thereafter. the mean disease indexes of the f(3) plants were used for the phenotype of the f(2). the results of two cr tests were analyzed for the presence of qt ... | 2010 | 20012934 |
| effect of ambient-level gas-phase peroxides on foliar injury, growth, and net photosynthesis in japanese radish (raphanus sativus). | to investigate the effects of ambient-level gas-phase peroxides concurrent with o(3) on foliar injury, photosynthesis, and biomass in herbaceous plants, we exposed japanese radish (raphanus sativus) to clean air, 50 ppb o(3), 100 ppb o(3), and 2-3 ppb peroxides + 50 ppb o(3) in outdoor chambers. compared with exposure to 100 ppb o(3), exposure to 2-3 ppb peroxides + 50 ppb o(3) induced greater damage in foliar injury, net photosynthetic rates and biomass; the pattern of foliar injury and the cau ... | 2010 | 20056522 |
| characterization of acc deaminase gene in pseudomonas entomophila strain ps-pjh isolated from the rhizosphere soil. | the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase cleaves the ethylene precursor acc into alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia. the decreased level of ethylene allows the plant to be more resistant to a wide environmental stress including plant pathogens. in the present study, we characterized the acc deaminase activity of a pseudomonas entomophila strain ps-pjh isolated from the red pepper rhizosphere region of red pepper grown at jinan, korea. the isolate produced 23.8 +/- 0.4 micromol of ... | 2010 | 20082369 |
| effect of overexpression of radish plasma membrane aquaporins on water-use efficiency, photosynthesis and growth of eucalyptus trees. | eucalyptus is a diverse genus of flowering trees with more than 700 genotypic species which are mostly native to australia. we selected 19 wild provenances of eucalyptus camaldulensis grown in australia, compared their growth rate and drought tolerance and determined the protein levels of plasma membrane aquaporins (pips). there was a positive relationship between the drought tolerance and pip content. pips are divided into two subgroups, pip1 and pip2. most members of the pip2 subgroup, but not ... | 2010 | 20124554 |
| immunotoxicity of zearalenone in balb/c mice in a high subchronic dosing study counteracted by raphanus sativus extract. | radish (raphanus sativus) is a cruciferous plant, rich on flavonoids, isothiocyanates, and phenolic acids. they show anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. isothiocyanates and flavonoids have been reported previously to prevent low-sub-chronic dose of zearalenone (zen) causing immunotoxicity. the present study focuses on the amelioration of fusarotoxicosis in balb/c mice by feeding two concentrations of radish extract. the extract at 15 and 30 mg/kg bw, was ev ... | 2010 | 20205508 |
| two novel sulfur compounds from the seeds of raphanus sativus l. | the seeds of raphanus sativus l., known as lai-fu-zi in traditional chinese medicine, are always roasted before clinical use for avoiding nausea. during an investigation of the chemical difference between roasted and pre-roasted products, two novel sulfur-containing compounds, which mainly existed in the pre-roasted products, were isolated. their structures and absolute configurations were established by spectroscopic and x-ray diffraction analysis. | 2010 | 20390752 |
| in-vitro free radical scavenging, antiproliferative and anti-zearalenone cytotoxic effects of 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate from tunisian raphanus sativus. | the aim of this study was to investigate the antiradical and antioxidant properties of 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (mtbitc) extracted from raphanus sativus and to assess the effects of mtbitc on tumour cell growth, cytotoxicity induced by zearalenone, an oestrogenic mycotoxin, and modulation of the expression of the genes involved in these aspects of cell behaviour. | 2010 | 20487203 |
| transcriptional responses to exposure to the brassicaceous defence metabolites camalexin and allyl-isothiocyanate in the necrotrophic fungus alternaria brassicicola. | summary alternaria brassicicola is the causative agent of black spot disease of brassicaceae belonging to the genera brassica and raphanus. during host infection, a. brassicicola is exposed to high levels of antimicrobial defence compounds such as indolic phytoalexins and glucosinolate breakdown products. to investigate the transcriptomic response of a. brassicicola when challenged with brassicaceous defence metabolites, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was performed to generate two c ... | 2007 | 20507491 |
| antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of acylated pelargonidin derivatives extracted from red radish (raphanus sativus var. niger, brassicaceae). | the antioxidant and pro-oxidant potential of an extract from red radish, in which the major compounds were acylated pelargonidin derivatives, were assessed with a variety of assays in vitro. the extract appeared to form a complex with fe(3+) or cu(2+). it displayed a concentration-dependant reducing power (1.16od(700 nm) at a concentration of 4mm) and scavenging effect against 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals (with ic(50)=1.74 +/- 0.03 mm). it could promote the cle ... | 2010 | 20600520 |
| hexane extract of raphanus sativus l. roots inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human cancer cells by modulating genes related to apoptotic pathway. | raphanus sativus, a common cruciferous vegetable has been attributed to possess a number of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. it has been used in indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of various human ailments in india. this present study evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of different parts of r. sativus such as root, stem and leaves, extracted with solvents of varying polarity and investigated the molecular mechanism leading to growth arrest and apoptotic cell death in ... | 2010 | 20652750 |
| regulation of growth and antioxidant enzyme activities by 28-homobrassinolide in seedlings of raphanus sativus l. under cadmium stress. | 28-homobrassinolide (28-hbl), a brassinosteroid is reported to play significant role in diverse physiological processes. it induces a range of cellular and adaptive responses to a range of environmental stresses. cadmium (cd) is a non-essential metal which alters various physiological processes and generates ros, which can oxidize biological macromolecules and causes oxidative stress. this stress is generally overcome by the internal antioxidative defense system and stress shielding phytohormone ... | 2010 | 20653289 |
| phytotoxic activities of mediterranean essential oils. | twelve essential oils from mediterranean aromatic plants were tested for their phytotoxic activity, at different doses, against the germination and the initial radicle growth of seeds of raphanus sativus, lactuca sativa and lepidium sativum. the essential oils were obtained from hyssopus officinalis, lavandula angustifolia, majorana hortensis, melissa officinalis, ocimum basilicum, origanum vulgare, salvia officinalis and thymus vulgaris (lamiaceae), verbena officinalis (verbenaceae), pimpinella ... | 2010 | 20657443 |
| antidiabetic effect of raphanus sativus root juice. | context: many plants have been explored scientifically and systematically and claimed to be useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by various research groups worldwide. the present study is a further effort in the direction of developing a novel oral antidiabetic agent of high potential with minimal or no side effects. objective: this study screened the glycemic attributes of raphanus sativus l. (brassicaceae) root juice in normal as well as sub- and mild-diabetic models. materials and me ... | 2011 | 20687786 |
| screening of dried plant seed extracts for adiponectin production activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitory activity on 3t3-l1 adipocytes. | to search for dried plant seeds with potent anti-diabetes activity, we conducted a large scale screening for inhibitory activity on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and facilitating activity on adiponectin production in vitro. these activities in 3t3-l1 adipocytes were screened from ethanol extracts of 20 kinds of dried plant seed marketed in japan. komatsuna (brassica rapa var. perviridis), common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), qing geng cai (brassica rapa var. chinensis), green soybean (glycine max) ... | 2010 | 20717728 |
| certain antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation of radish (raphanus sativus l.) as early warning biomarkers of soil copper exposure. | copper (cu) is a major heavy metal contaminant with various anthropogenic and natural sources. recently, using biomarkers to monitor the effects of pollutants has attracted increased interest. pot culture experiments using radish (raphanus sativus l.) was performed to investigate cu phytotoxic effects on antioxidant enzymes and other early warning biomarkers of soil cu exposure. under low dose cu stress (lower than the ec10, cu concentration reducing root length by 10%), activity and isozyme exp ... | 2010 | 20728270 |
| response of antioxidative enzymes and apoplastic bypass transport in thlaspi caerulescens and raphanus sativus to cadmium stress. | a hydroponics experiment using hyperaccumulator thlaspi caerulescens (alpine pennycress) and non-specific accumulator raphanus sativus (common radish) was conducted to investigate the short-term effect of increasing cd concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 microm) on metal uptake, chlorophyll content, antioxidative enzymes, and apoplastic bypass flow. as expected, t. caerulescens generally showed better resistance to metal stress, which was reflected by higher cd accumulation within plant tissues w ... | 2010 | 21166344 |
| residues of bioenergy production chains as soil amendments: immediate and temporal phytotoxicity. | the current shift towards bioenergy production increases streams of bioenergy rest-products (rps), which are likely to end-up as soil amendments. however, their impact on soil remains unclear. in this study we evaluated crop phytotoxicity of 15 rps from common bioenergy chains (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol and pyrolysis). the rps were mixed into a sandy soil and the seedling root and shoot elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ... | 2010 | 21256672 |
| expression of a radish defensin in transgenic wheat confers increased resistance to fusarium graminearum and rhizoctonia cerealis. | fusarium head blight (scab), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. wheat sharp eyespot, mainly caused by rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the major diseases of wheat in china. the defensin rsafp2, a small cyteine-rich antifungal protein from radish (raphanus sativus), was shown to inhibit growth in vitro of agronomically important fungal pathogens, such as f. graminearum and r. cerealis. the rsafp2 gene was transformed into c ... | 2011 | 21279533 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of fig cryptic virus, a novel bipartite dsrna virus infecting fig, widely distributed in the mediterranean basin. | two double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments of a virus with a bipartite genome identified in fig (ficus carica l.) and denoted fig cryptic virus (fcv) were cloned and sequenced. viral dsrnas are 1696 bp (rna-1) and 1415 bp (rna-2) in size. rna-1 contains a single orf (1419 nt) potentially encoding a 54 kda protein and comprising the conserved amino acid motifs of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) domain of species of the genus alphacryptovirus. its full-length amino acid sequence has the high ... | 2011 | 21318240 |
| mustard oil in "shibori daikon" a variety of japanese radish, selectively inhibits the proliferation of h-ras-transformed 3y1 cells. | cruciferous vegetables and their isothiocyanates are promising foods and agents for cancer prevention. we focus here on the effects of mustard oil (smo) in a variety of the japanese radish, shibori daikon (raphanus sativus), on the proliferation of 3y1 rat fibroblasts and the h-ras-transformed derivative, hr-3y1-2. smo (1.6 microg/ml) inhibited the proliferation of hr-3y1-2, but not 3y1 after 24 h after treatment. a cell cycle analysis showed that smo induced g2/m arrest after 6 h, although this ... | 2009 | 19809176 |
| bioavailability of sulforaphane from two broccoli sprout beverages: results of a short-term, cross-over clinical trial in qidong, china. | one of several challenges in design of clinical chemoprevention trials is the selection of the dose, formulation, and dose schedule of the intervention agent. therefore, a cross-over clinical trial was undertaken to compare the bioavailability and tolerability of sulforaphane from two of broccoli sprout-derived beverages: one glucoraphanin-rich (grr) and the other sulforaphane-rich (sfr). sulforaphane was generated from glucoraphanin contained in grr by gut microflora or formed by treatment of g ... | 2011 | 21372038 |
| [allelopathy of andrographis paniculata vegetative]. | andrographis paniculata at vegetative stage were analyzed for the allelopathic effect on cabbage (brassica chinensis), radis (raphanus sativus), and desmodium styracifolium, and provided the theory reference for their application of compounding planting pattern in practice. | 2010 | 21548354 |
| anthocyanin accumulation and expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in radish (raphanus sativus). | radish [raphanus sativus (rs)] is an important dietary vegetable in asian countries, especially china, japan, and korea. to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in radish, the gene expression of enzymes directly involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis was analyzed. these genes include phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h), 4-coumarate-coa ligase (4cl), chalcone synthase (chs), chalcone isomerase (chi), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (f3h), dihydroflavon ... | 2011 | 21548630 |
| disinfection of radish and alfalfa seeds inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella by a gaseous acetic acid treatment. | abstract the majority of seed sprout-related outbreaks have been associated with escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella. therefore, we aimed to find an effective method to inactivate these organisms on seeds before sprouting. treatment with 8.7% (v/v) acetic acid at 55°c for 2-3 h reduced the population of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella inoculated on alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and radish seeds (raphanus sativus l.) by more than 5.0 log cfu/g, and a longer treatment time completely eliminated ... | 2011 | 21651341 |
| an est-ssr linkage map of raphanus sativus and comparative genomics of the brassicaceae. | raphanus sativus (2n = 2x = 18) is a widely cultivated member of the family brassicaceae, for which genomic resources are available only to a limited extent in comparison to many other members of the family. to promote more genetic and genomic studies and to enhance breeding programmes of r. sativus, we have prepared genetic resources such as complementary dna libraries, expressed sequences tags (ests), simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers and a genetic linkage map. a total of 26 606 ests have b ... | 2011 | 21669962 |
| polyphenolics profile and antioxidant properties of raphanus sativus l. | raphanus sativus, a common cruciferous vegetable has been attributed to possess a number of pharmacological properties. antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of r. sativus root extracted with solvents of varying polarity were evaluated using different model systems. polyphenolic content was estimated to be in the range 13.18-63.54ôçëmgôçëg(-1) dry weight, with a considerable amount being obtained with polar solvents. high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated the presence of ... | 2011 | 21714734 |
| properties and detection of two cryptoviruses from pepper (capsicum annuum). | pepper (capsicum annuum l.) contains a range of endogenous dsrna molecules resembling the genomes of cryptoviruses. in this work, we have completed the molecular characterization of pepper cryptic virus 1 (pcv-1) from cv "jalape+¦o m" and generated complete genomic sequences of another cryptovirus from cv "hungarian wax" designated pepper cryptic virus 2 (pcv-2). the two viruses share limited identical amino acid content in both genomic segments and appear phylogenetically closer to cryptoviruse ... | 2011 | 21695493 |
| influence of various host plants on the consumption and utilization of food by pieris brassicae (linn.). | pieris brassicae (linn.) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. it is present wherever its host plants occur, and it is considered to be one of the most widely distributed of all the lepidoptera. we investigated the affect of various host plants on the food consumption and utilization by p. brassicae. we quantified consumption of food, larval duration, pupal duration and weight on cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata), cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis), radish ( ... | 2011 | 22030306 |
| Autotoxicity and allelopathy of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone isolated from Picea schrenkiana needles. | Bioassay-guided fractionation of the diethyl ether fraction of a water extract of Picea schrenkiana needles led to the isolation of the phenolic compound 3,4-dihydroxy- acetophenone (DHAP). The allelopathic effects of DHAP were evaluated under laboratory conditions on P. schrenkiana, rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), lettuce (Latuca sativa L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.). DHAP significantly inhibited seed ... | 2011 | 22024957 |
| Radish (Raphanus sativus L. leaf) ethanol extract inhibits protein and mRNA expression of ErbB(2) and ErbB(3) in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. | In this study, we investigated the effects of the ethanol extract of aerial parts of Raphanus sativus L. (ERL) on breast cancer cell proliferation and gene expression associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of various concentrations (100, 200, or 300 µg/mL) of ERL. ERL significantly decreased cell proliferation after 48 h of incubation (P < 0.05). The protein and mRNA expression of Erb ... | 2011 | 21994522 |
| effects of chinese herbal cataplasm xiaozhang tie on cirrhotic ascites. | conventional methods of treating cirrhotic ascites are inadequate. we sought to identify a novel, effective approach to relieve the suffering of patients with cirrhotic ascites. | 2011 | 22107835 |
| genetic and pathogenic variability of indian strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris causing black rot disease in crucifers. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (pammel) dowson (xcc) causing black rot of crucifers is a serious disease in india and causes >50% crop losses in favorable environmental conditions. pathogenic variability of xcc, x. oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), and x. axonopodis pv. citri (xac) were tested on 19 cultivars of cruciferae including seven brassica spp. viz., b. campestris, b. carinata, b. juncea, b. napus, b. nigra, b. oleracea and b. rapa, and raphanus sativus for two consecutive years viz., 2007 ... | 2011 | 21956666 |
| microbiological investigation of raphanus sativus l. grown hydroponically in nutrient solutions contaminated with spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. | the survival of eight undesired (spoilage/pathogenic) food related bacteria (citrobacter freundii pss60, enterobacter spp. pss11, escherichia coli pss2, klebsiella oxytoca pss82, serratia grimesii pss72, pseudomonas putida pss21, stenotrophomonas maltophilia pss52 and listeria monocytogenes atcc 19114(t)) was investigated in mineral nutrient solution (mns) during the crop cycle of radishes (raphanus sativus l.) cultivated in hydroponics in a greenhouse. mnss were microbiologically analyzed weekl ... | 2012 | 23290244 |
| stability of polyadenylic and polyadenylated ribonucleic acids in radish (raphanus sativus) seedlings. | the stability of polyadenylic acid and polyadenylated rna was investigated in young radish (raphanus sativus) seedlings. we first studied the decay of poly(a) content, using a [3h]poly(u) assay, following a complete block of transcription by cordycepin (200 microgram/ml). two lifetime classes of polyadenylic acid have been determined in these seedlings: a short-lived component with a half-life of 30 min which represents 60% of poly(a) and a more stable component with varying half-lives of which ... | 2000 | 317002 |
| microtubules in root hairs. | the microtubules of root hairs of raphanus sativus, lepidium sativum, equisetum hyemale, limnobium stoloniferum, ceratopteris thalictroides, allium sativum and urtica dioica were investigated using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. arrays of cortical microtubules were observed in all hairs. the microtubules in the hairs show net axial orientations, but in allium and urtica helical microtubule patterns are also present. numerical parameters of microtubules in raphanus, equisetum and lim ... | 2014 | 4066793 |
| inducible expression of the de-novo designed antimicrobial peptide sp1-1 in tomato confers resistance to xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are small peptides with less than 50 amino acids and are part of the innate immune response in almost all organisms, including bacteria, vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. amps are active against a broad-spectrum of pathogens. the inducible expression of amps in plants is a promising approach to combat plant pathogens with minimal negative side effects, such as phytotoxicity or infertility. in this study, inducible expression of the de-novo designed amp sp1-1 in ... | 2016 | 27706237 |
| differences in stability of seed-associated microbial assemblages in response to invasion by phytopathogenic microorganisms. | seeds are involved in the vertical transmission of microorganisms from one plant generation to another and consequently act as reservoirs for the plant microbiota. however, little is known about the structure of seed-associated microbial assemblages and the regulators of assemblage structure. in this work, we have assessed the response of seed-associated microbial assemblages of raphanus sativus to invading phytopathogenic agents, the bacterial strain xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) ... | 2016 | 27077013 |
| identification, expression, and functional analysis of cle genes in radish (raphanus sativus l.) storage root. | radish (raphanus sativus l.) is a widespread agricultural plant forming storage root due to extensive secondary growth which involves cambium proliferation and differentiation of secondary conductive tissues. closely related to the model object arabidopsis thaliana, radish is a suitable model for studying processes of secondary growth and storage root development. cle peptides are a group of peptide phytohormones which play important role in the regulation of primary meristems such as sam, ram, ... | 2016 | 26821718 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from three melaleuca species grown in tunisia. | the chemical composition of the essential oils of melaleuca armillaris sm., melaleuca styphelioides sm. and melaleuca acuminata f. muell., collected in tunisia, was studied by means of gc and gc-ms analysis. in all, 46 compounds were identified, 38 for m. armillaris, 20 for m. acuminata and eight for m. styphelioides, respectively. the presence of a sesquiterpenic fraction (52.2%) characterized the oil from m. armillaris; m. sthypheliodes oil was rich in methyl eugenol, a phenolic compound (91.1 ... | 2012 | 23443119 |
| raphasatin is a more potent inducer of the detoxification enzymes than its degradation products. | the biological activity of cruciferous vegetables is hypothesized to be due to the metabolites of a class of phytochemicals called glucosinolates. the chemical properties of these metabolites, including isothiocyanates, determine the biological activity of these compounds and thus their effects on human health. the 2 primary radish (raphanus sativus l.) glucosinolates, glucoraphasatin, and glucoraphenin, were isolated using solid phase extraction followed by preparative hplc purification. in an ... | 2011 | 21535821 |
| development of a pcr-based method for monitoring the status of alcaligenes species in the agricultural environment. | to analyze the status of the genus alcaligenes in the agricultural environment, we developed a pcr method for detection of these species from vegetables and farming soil. the selected pcr primers amplified a 107-bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene in a specific pcr assay with a detection limit of 1.06 pg of pure culture dna, corresponding to dna extracted from approximately 23 cells of alcaligenes faecalis. meanwhile, pcr primers generated a detectable amount of the amplicon from 2.2×10(2) cfu/ml c ... | 2014 | 24670615 |