| aboveground and belowground herbivores synergistically induce volatile organic sulfur compound emissions from shoots but not from roots. | studies on aboveground (ag) plant organs have shown that volatile organic compound (voc) emissions differ between simultaneous attack by herbivores and single herbivore attack. there is growing evidence that interactive effects of simultaneous herbivory also occur across the root-shoot interface. in our study, brassica rapa roots were infested with root fly larvae (delia radicum) and the shoots infested with pieris brassicae, either singly or simultaneously, to study these root-shoot interaction ... | 2015 | 26195194 |
| the influence of various biochars on the bioaccessibility and bioaccumulation of pahs and potentially toxic elements to turnips (brassica rapa l.). | the influence of amending a contaminated soil with different dry-pyrolyzed biochars on the bioaccessibility and biouptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) and potentially toxic elements (pte) in turnip (brassica rapa l.,) was investigated. this is the first study to examine the influence of biochar amendments on turnips grown in a contaminated soil. the biochars came from different local feedstocks, including sewage sludge biochar (ssbc), soybean straw biochar (sbbc), rice straw biochar ... | 2015 | 26188867 |
| three genes encoding aop2, a protein involved in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, are differentially expressed in brassica rapa. | the glucosinolate biosynthetic gene aop2 encodes an enzyme that plays a crucial role in catalysing the conversion of beneficial glucosinolates into anti-nutritional ones. in brassica rapa, three copies of braop2 have been identified, but their function in establishing the glucosinolate content of b. rapa is poorly understood. here, we used phylogenetic and gene structure analyses to show that braop2 proteins have evolved via a duplication process retaining two highly conserved domains at the n-t ... | 2015 | 26188204 |
| characterization of fae1 in the zero erucic acid germplasm of brassica rapa l. | the modification of erucic acid content in seeds is one of the major goals for quality breeding in oil-yielding brassica species. however, few low erucic acid (lea) resources are available, and novel lea genetic resources are being sought. fatty acid elongase 1 (fae1) is the key gene that controls erucic acid synthesis. however, the mechanism for erucic acid synthesis in b. rapa lacks systematic study. here, we isolated zero erucic acid lines from 1981 chinese landraces of b. rapa and found that ... | 2015 | 26175623 |
| genome-wide survey and expression profile analysis of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) gene family in brassica rapa. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades are fundamental signal transduction modules in plants, controlling cell division, development, hormone signaling, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. although mapks have been investigated in several plant species, a comprehensive analysis of the mapk gene family has hitherto not been performed in brassica rapa. in this study, we identified 32 mapks in the b. rapa genome by conducting blastp and syntenic block analyses, and screening for the e ... | 2015 | 26173020 |
| accumulation of phenylpropanoids by white, blue, and red light irradiation and their organ-specific distribution in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). | this study investigated optimum light conditions for enhancing phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the distribution of phenylpropanoids in organs of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). blue light caused a high accumulation of most phenolic compounds, including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol, at 12 days after irradiation (dai). this increase was coincident with a noticeable increase in expression levels of brf3h, brf3'h, brfls, and brdfr. red light led to ... | 2015 | 26158208 |
| impact of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on the growth and physiological responses in brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) were extensively used in various fields, particularly in medicine as an antimicrobial agent. the unavoidable and extensive usage of agnps in turn accumulates in the environment. plants are the essential base of ecosystem and are ready to disturb by environmental pollutants. therefore, in the present study, we have planned to evaluate the impact of biologically synthesized agnps on the essential food crop chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). the effects of ... | 2015 | 26154034 |
| evolutionary genomics of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in brassica. | miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) are truncated derivatives of autonomous dna transposons, and are dispersed abundantly in most eukaryotic genomes. we aimed to characterize various mites families in brassica in terms of their presence, sequence characteristics and evolutionary activity. dot plot analyses involving comparison of homoeologous bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) sequences allowed identification of 15 novel families of mobile mites. of which, 5 were stowaway- ... | 2015 | 26129767 |
| impact of antimicrobial lipopeptides from bacillus sp. on suppression of fusarium yellows of tatsoi. | iturin a and surfactin are antimicrobial lipopeptides produced by antagonistic bacillus spp. we herein demonstrated that both lipopeptides amended the soil-mediated suppression of the soil-borne disease, fusarium yellows of tatsoi (brassica rapa var. rosularis). significant disease suppression was conferred by the amendments of purified iturin a or surfactin to soil. however, an excess amount of iturin a or surfactin to soil resulted in the loss of disease suppression activity. | 2015 | 26118972 |
| construction of chromosome segment substitution lines enables qtl mapping for flowering and morphological traits in brassica rapa. | chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls) represent a powerful method for precise quantitative trait loci (qtl) detection of complex agronomical traits in plants. in this study, we used a marker-assisted backcrossing strategy to develop a population consisting of 63 cssls, derived from backcrossing of the f1 generated from a cross between two brassica rapa subspecies: "chiifu" (ssp. pekinensis), the brassica "a" genome-represented line used as the donor, and "49caixin" (ssp. parachinensis), ... | 2015 | 26106405 |
| global gene-expression analysis to identify differentially expressed genes critical for the heat stress response in brassica rapa. | genome-wide dissection of the heat stress response (hsr) is necessary to overcome problems in crop production caused by global warming. to identify hsr genes, we profiled gene expression in two chinese cabbage inbred lines with different thermotolerances, chiifu and kenshin. many genes exhibited >2-fold changes in expression upon exposure to 0.5- 4 h at 45°c (high temperature, ht): 5.2% (2,142 genes) in chiifu and 3.7% (1,535 genes) in kenshin. the most enriched go (gene ontology) items included ... | 2015 | 26102990 |
| thin layer chromatography-autography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis: accelerating the identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. | the prevailing treatment for alzheimer's disease is the use of acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitors. natural extracts are the principal source of ache's inhibitors. however, their chemical complexity demands for simple, selective and rapid assays. | 2015 | 26102595 |
| what drives selection on flowering time? an experimental manipulation of the inherent correlation between genotype and environment. | the optimal timing of the seasonal switch from somatic growth to reproduction can depend on an individual's condition at reproduction, the quality of the environment in which it will reproduce, or both. in annual plants, vegetative size (a function of age at flowering) affects resources available for seed production, whereas exposure to mutualists, antagonists, and abiotic stresses in the environment (functions of julian date of flowering) influences success in converting resources into offsprin ... | 2015 | 26102569 |
| modeling development and quantitative trait mapping reveal independent genetic modules for leaf size and shape. | improved predictions of fitness and yield may be obtained by characterizing the genetic controls and environmental dependencies of organismal ontogeny. elucidating the shape of growth curves may reveal novel genetic controls that single-time-point (stp) analyses do not because, in theory, infinite numbers of growth curves can result in the same final measurement. we measured leaf lengths and widths in brassica rapa recombinant inbred lines (rils) throughout ontogeny. we modeled leaf growth and a ... | 2015 | 26083847 |
| hydrogen sulfide alleviates cadmium-induced cell death through restraining ros accumulation in roots of brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis. | hydrogen sulfide (h2s) is a cell signal molecule produced endogenously and involved in regulation of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress in plants. in this work, we used molecular biology, physiology, and histochemical methods to investigate the effects of h2s on cadmium- (cd-) induced cell death in chinese cabbage roots. cd stress stimulated a rapid increase of endogenous h2s in roots. additionally, root length was closely related to the cell death rate. pretreatment with sodium hydrosulfide ... | 2015 | 26078819 |
| molecular characterization of brmyb28 and brmyb29 paralogous transcription factors involved in the regulation of aliphatic glucosinolate profiles in brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. | glucosinolates (gsl) are one of the major secondary metabolites of the brassicaceae family. in the present study, we aim at characterizing the multiple paralogs of aliphatic gsl regulators, such as brmyb28 and brmyb29 genes in brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, by quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) analysis in different tissues and at various developmental stages. an overlapping gene expression pattern between the brmybs as well as their downstream genes (dsgs) was found at different developmental ... | 2015 | 26043798 |
| floral volatiles interfere with plant attraction of parasitoids: ontogeny-dependent infochemical dynamics in brassica rapa. | the role of plant ontogeny on investment in direct defense against herbivores is well accepted, but the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage can also affect indirect resistance traits (i.e. attraction of the natural enemies of plant attackers). here, we conducted behavioral bioassays in olfactometers to determine whether the developmental stage (vegetative, pre-flowering, and flowering) of brassica rapa plants affects attraction of cotesia glomerata, a parasitoid of the herbi ... | 2015 | 26031290 |
| effects of aqueous extract of turnip leaf (brassica rapa) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. | turnip leaf has been used in folk medicine of iran for the treatment of diabetes. however,so far no scientific study has been done to support its use in traditional medicine. the present study was carried out to evaluate the possible hypoglycemic efficacy of aqueous extract of turnip leaf (aetl) in diabetic rats. | 2017 | 25949956 |
| molecular characterization of bzr transcription factor family and abiotic stress induced expression profiling in brassica rapa. | brassinazole-resistant (bzr) transcription factors (tfs) are primarily well known as positive regulators of brassinosteroid (br) signal transduction in different plants. br is a plant specific steroid hormone, which has multiple stress resistance functions besides various growth regulatory roles. being an important regulator of the br synthesis, bzr tfs might have stress resistance related activities. however, no stress resistance related functional study of bzr tfs has been reported in any crop ... | 2015 | 25931321 |
| hard and soft selection on phenology through seasonal shifts in the general and social environments: a study on plant emergence time. | the timing of transition out of one life-history phase determines where in the seasonal succession of environments the next phase is spent. shifts in the general environment (e.g., seasonal climate) affect the expected fitness for particular transition dates. variation in transition date also leads to temporal variation in the social environment. for instance, early transition may confer a competitive advantage over later individuals. if so, the social environment will impose frequency- and dens ... | 2015 | 25929822 |
| uncovering the dynamic evolution of nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr) genes in brassicaceae. | plant genomes harbor dozens to hundreds of nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr) genes; however, the long-term evolutionary history of these resistance genes has not been fully understood. this study focuses on five brassicaceae genomes and the carica papaya genome to explore changes in nbs-lrr genes that have taken place in this rosid ii lineage during the past 72 million years. various numbers of nbs-lrr genes were identified from arabidopsis lyrata (198), a. thaliana (165), br ... | 2016 | 25926337 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of mads-box family genes related to organ development and stress resistance in brassica rapa. | mads-box transcription factors (tfs) are important in floral organ specification as well as several other aspects of plant growth and development. studies on stress resistance-related functions of mads-box genes are very limited and no such functional studies in brassica rapa have been reported. to gain insight into this gene family and to elucidate their roles in organ development and stress resistance, we performed genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of mads-bo ... | 2015 | 25881193 |
| genome-wide identification, classification, and analysis of heat shock transcription factor family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa pekinensis). | chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most important vegetable crops grown worldwide, and various methods exist for selection, propagation, and cultivation. the entire chinese cabbage genome has been sequenced, and the heat shock transcription factor family (hsfs) has been found to play a central role in plant growth and development and in the response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, particularly in acquired thermotolerance. we analyzed heat tolerance mechanisms ... | 2015 | 25867366 |
| modification of nitrate uptake pathway in plants affects the cadmium uptake by roots. | nrt1.1 is a dual-affinity nitrate (no3(-)) transporter involved in both high- and low-affinity no3(-) uptake in arabidopsis plants. in a recent study, we showed that, under cadmium (cd) exposure, blocking the nrt1.1-mediated no3(-) uptake reduces cd entry into roots, thus lowing cd levels in plants and improving plant growth. in addition, we also found that the cd levels in edible parts of 11 chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) cultivars correlated well with the no3(-) uptake rate ... | 2015 | 25830329 |
| analysis of population genetic structure and gene flow in an annual plant before and after a rapid evolutionary response to drought. | the impact of environmental change on population structure is not well understood. this study aimed to examine the effect of a climate change event on gene flow over space and time in two populations of brassica rapa that evolved more synchronous flowering times over 5 years of drought in southern california. using plants grown from seeds collected before and after the drought, we estimated genetic parameters within and between populations and across generations. we expected that with greater te ... | 2015 | 25818074 |
| effects of glucosinolates from turnip (brassica rapa l.) root on bone formation by human osteoblast-like mg-63 cells and in normal young rats. | turnip (brassica rapa l.) root ethanol extract (tre) was prepared, and its chemical constituents were characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. thirteen glucosinolates (gsls) were identified, comprising eight aliphatic, four indolic, and one aromatic compounds. the effects of these gsls on bone formation were investigated in vitro by incubating human osteoblast-like mg-63 cells with tre and then analyzing their viability, alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity, ... | 2015 | 25809011 |
| allelic polymorphism of gigantea is responsible for naturally occurring variation in circadian period in brassica rapa. | gigantea (gi) was originally identified by a late-flowering mutant in arabidopsis, but subsequently has been shown to act in circadian period determination, light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, and responses to multiple abiotic stresses, including tolerance to high salt and cold (freezing) temperature. genetic mapping and analysis of families of heterogeneous inbred lines showed that natural variation in gi is responsible for a major quantitative trait locus in circadian period in brassica ... | 2015 | 25775524 |
| say it with flowers: flowering acceleration by root communication. | the timing of reproduction is a critical determinant of fitness, especially in organisms inhabiting seasonal environments. increasing evidence suggests that inter-plant communication plays important roles in plant functioning. here, we tested the hypothesis that flowering coordination can involve communication between neighboring plants. we show that soil leachates from brassica rapa plants growing under long-day conditions accelerated flowering and decreased allocation to vegetative organs in t ... | 2014 | 25764422 |
| responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) and turnip (brassica rapa) to the combined exposure of carbaryl and ultraviolet radiation. | the increase of ultraviolet (uv) radiation reaching the earth's surface as a result of increased ozone layer depletion has affected crop production systems and, in combination with pesticides used in agricultural activities, can lead to greater risks to the environment. the impact of uv radiation and carbaryl singly and in combination on triticum aestivum (wheat) and brassica rapa (turnip) was studied. the combined exposure was analyzed using the mixtox tool and was based on the conceptual model ... | 2015 | 25754078 |
| impact of total solid content and extraction ph on enzyme-aided recovery of protein from defatted rapeseed (brassica rapa l.) press cake and physicochemical properties of the protein fractions. | pectinase treatment was used to facilitate protein recovery from defatted rapeseed (brassica rapa) cold-pressing residue in water-lean conditions and without ph adjustment. effect of extraction ph on protein yield and physiochemical properties of the protein concentrates was assessed. enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates was feasible at high (40%) solid content and improved protein recovery at ph 6. comparable protein yields (40-41% of total protein) from enzyme-aided water extraction (ph 6) an ... | 2015 | 25739320 |
| effect of diffusion on discoloration of congo red by alginate entrapped turnip (brassica rapa) peroxidase. | enzymatic discoloration of the diazo dye, congo red (cr), by immobilized plant peroxidase from turnip "brassica rapa" is investigated. partially purified turnip peroxidase (tp) was immobilized by entrapment in spherical particles of calcium alginate and was assayed for the discoloration of aqueous cr solution. experimental data revealed that ph, reaction time, temperature, colorant, and h2o2 concentration play a significant role in dye degradation. maximum cr removal was found at ph 2.0, constan ... | 2015 | 25734011 |
| on the potential strength and consequences for nonrandom gene flow caused by local adaptation in flowering time. | gene flow is generally considered a random process, that is the loci under consideration have no effect on dispersal success. edelaar and bolnick (trends ecol evol, 27, 2012 659) recently argued that nonrandom gene flow could exert a significant evolutionary force. it can, for instance, ameliorate the maladaptive effects of immigration into locally adapted populations. i examined the potential strength for nonrandom gene flow for flowering time genes, a trait frequently found to be locally adapt ... | 2015 | 25728931 |
| molecular characterization and transcriptome analysis of orange head chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis). | the orange head phenotype of br - or resulted from a large insertion in carotenoid isomerase (brcrtiso) . comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the mutation affected the expression of abundant transcription factor genes. a new orange trait-specific marker was developed for marker-assisted breeding. orange head leaves are a desirable quality trait for chinese cabbage. our previous fine mapping identified brcrtiso as the br-or candidate gene for the orange chinese cabbage mutant. here, ... | 2015 | 25686795 |
| the elucidation of stress memory inheritance in brassica rapa plants. | plants are able to maintain the memory of stress exposure throughout their ontogenesis and faithfully propagate it into the next generation. recent evidence argues for the epigenetic nature of this phenomenon. small rnas (smrnas) are one of the vital epigenetic factors because they can both affect gene expression at the place of their generation and maintain non-cell-autonomous gene regulation. here, we have made an attempt to decipher the contribution of smrnas to the heat-shock-induced transge ... | 2015 | 25653665 |
| high-throughput genotyping for species identification and diversity assessment in germplasm collections. | germplasm collections provide an extremely valuable resource for breeders and researchers. however, misclassification of accessions by species often hinders the effective use of these collections. we propose that use of high-throughput genotyping tools can provide a fast, efficient and cost-effective way of confirming species in germplasm collections, as well as providing valuable genetic diversity data. we genotyped 180 brassicaceae samples sourced from the australian grains genebank across the ... | 2015 | 25641370 |
| identification of yellow pigmentation genes in brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis using br300 microarray. | the yellow color of inner leaves in chinese cabbage depends on its lutein and carotene content. to identify responsible genes for yellow pigmentation in leaves, the transcriptome profiles of white (kenshin) and yellow leaves (wheessen) were examined using the br300k oligomeric chip in chinese cabbage. in yellow leaves, genes involved in carotene synthesis (brpsy, brpds, brcrtiso, and brlcye), lutein, and zeaxanthin synthesis (brcyp97a3 and brhydb) were upregulated, while those associated with ca ... | 2014 | 25629030 |
| digital gene expression analysis of gene expression differences within brassica diploids and allopolyploids. | brassica includes many successfully cultivated crop species of polyploid origin, either by ancestral genome triplication or by hybridization between two diploid progenitors, displaying complex repetitive sequences and transposons. the u's triangle, which consists of three diploids and three amphidiploids, is optimal for the analysis of complicated genomes after polyploidization. next-generation sequencing enables the transcriptome profiling of polyploids on a global scale. | 2015 | 25623840 |
| genome-wide analysis of the r2r3-myb transcription factor genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) reveals their stress and hormone responsive patterns. | the myb superfamily is one of the most abundant transcription factor (tf) families in plants. myb proteins include highly conserved n-terminal myb repeats (1r, r2r3, 3r, and atypical) and various c-terminal sequences that confer extensive functions. however, the functions of most myb genes are unknown, and have been little studied in chinese cabbage. | 2015 | 25613160 |
| antioxidant response and carboxylate metabolism in brassica rapa exposed to different external zn, ca, and mg supply. | zinc (zn), calcium (ca), and magnesium (mg) malnutrition are common deficiencies in many developed and developing countries, resulting in a widespread health problem. biofortification of food crops is an agricultural strategy that can be used to increase the levels of these elements in the edible portions of crops. deficiency or toxicity of these cations in soils reduces plant growth, crop yield, and the quality of plant foodstuff. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of external ... | 2015 | 25544655 |
| anthocyanin biosynthesis for cold and freezing stress tolerance and desirable color in brassica rapa. | flavonoids are divided into several structural classes, including anthocyanins, which provide flower and leaf colors and other derivatives that play diverse roles in plant development and interactions with the environment. this study characterized four anthocyanidin synthase (ans) genes of brassica rapa, a structural gene of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, and investigated their association with pigment formation, cold and freezing tolerance in b. rapa. sequences of these genes were analyz ... | 2015 | 25504198 |
| identification of sequence-related amplified polymorphism and insertion-deletion markers linked to the male fertility restorer gene of pol-like cms06j45 in heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp pekinensis). | in order to map the restorer gene brrfp of the polima (pol)-like cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) 06j45 line in heading chinese cabbage, an f2 segregating population with 258 individuals of cms06j45 and the restorer line 01s325 were tested by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap) and insertion-deletion (indel) technologies combined with the bulked segregant analysis method. as a result, two srap markers, me3em3.366 and pm88bg5.263, that were linked with the brrfp gene were identified fr ... | 2014 | 25501170 |
| morphology, carbohydrate composition and vernalization response in a genetically diverse collection of asian and european turnips (brassica rapa subsp. rapa). | brassica rapa displays enormous morphological diversity, with leafy vegetables, turnips and oil crops. turnips (brassica rapa subsp. rapa) represent one of the morphotypes, which form tubers and can be used to study the genetics underlying storage organ formation. in the present study we investigated several characteristics of an extensive turnip collection comprising 56 accessions from both asia (mainly japanese origin) and europe. population structure was calculated using data from 280 evenly ... | 2014 | 25474111 |
| physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional effects of biologically-synthesized silver nanoparticles in turnip (brassica rapa ssp. rapa l.). | silver nanoparticles (agnps) use has been increased in recent years, which has potentially antagonistic effects on living organisms, including microbes, human, and plants. the physiological and molecular responses of agnps have been reported for several plants; however, the detailed mechanism of action of agnps is not known in turnip. accordingly, the aim of this study was determined to evaluate the impact of agnps exposure in turnip seedlings at concentrations up to 10.0 mg/l. the frequency of ... | 2015 | 25471476 |
| selenium, putrescine, and cadmium influence health-promoting phytochemicals and molecular-level effects on turnip (brassica rapa ssp. rapa). | the effects of selenium, putrescine, and cadmium on the contents of glucosinolates, total phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidant capacities as well as gene regulation of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and glucosinolates biosynthesis were investigated in turnip plants. selenium dioxide (seo2) treatment significantly induced the amount of gluconasturtiin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoallysin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxygluco ... | 2015 | 25466011 |
| anthocyanin accumulation and transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple bok choy (brassica rapa var. chinensis). | bok choy (brassica rapa var. chinensis) is an important dietary vegetable cultivated and consumed worldwide for its edible leaves. the purple cultivars rich in health-promoting anthocyanins are usually more eye-catching and valuable. fifteen kinds of anthocyanins were separated and identified from a purple bok choy cultivar (zi he) by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulatio ... | 2014 | 25419600 |
| brassica rapa. | within this chapter we outline an a. tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for b. rapa using 4-day-old cotyledonary explants and the genotype r-o-18. transformation efficiencies are typically achieved in the region of 1% (based on 2 pcr-positive independent shoots from 200 inoculated explants). this system has been developed to work with gentamicin selection. | 2015 | 25416244 |
| the endogenous nitric oxide mediates selenium-induced phytotoxicity by promoting ros generation in brassica rapa. | selenium (se) is suggested as an emerging pollutant in agricultural environment because of the increasing anthropogenic release of se, which in turn results in phytotoxicity. the most common consequence of se-induced toxicity in plants is oxidative injury, but how se induces reactive oxygen species (ros) burst remains unclear. in this work, histofluorescent staining was applied to monitor the dynamics of ros and nitric oxide (no) in the root of brassica rapa under se(iv) stress. se(iv)-induced f ... | 2014 | 25333984 |
| selenium inhibits root elongation by repressing the generation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in brassica rapa. | selenium (se) has been becoming an emerging pollutant causing severe phytotoxicity, which the biochemical mechanism is rarely known. although hydrogen sulfide (h2s) has been suggested as an important exogenous regulator modulating plant physiological adaptions in response to heavy metal stress, whether and how the endogenous h2s regulates se-induce phytotoxicity remains unclear. in this work, a self-developed specific fluorescent probe (wsp-1) was applied to track endogenous h2s in situ in the r ... | 2014 | 25333279 |
| the role of small rnas in wide hybridisation and allopolyploidisation between brassica rapa and brassica nigra. | an allopolyploid formation consists of the two processes of hybridisation and chromosome doubling. hybridisation makes a different genome combined in the same cell, and genome "shock" and instability occur during this process, whereas chromosome doubling results in doubling and reconstructing the genome dosage. recent studies have demonstrated that small rnas, play an important role in maintaining the genome reconstruction and stability. however, to date, little is known regarding the role of sm ... | 2014 | 25326708 |
| brmyb4, a suppressor of genes for phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, is down-regulated by uv-b but not by pigment-inducing sunlight in turnip cv. tsuda. | the regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis in brassica rapa subsp. rapa cv. tsuda turnip was investigated using an ethyl methanesulfonate (ems)-induced mutant r30 with light-independent pigmentation. tilling (targeting induced local lesions in genomes) and subsequent analysis showed that a stop codon was inserted in the r2r3-myb transcription factor gene brmyb4 and that the encoded protein (brmyb4mu) had lost its c-terminal region. in r30, anthocyanin accumulated in the below-gro ... | 2014 | 25305244 |
| genome-wide identification and analysis of the growth-regulating factor family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis). | growth regulating factors (grfs) have been shown to play important roles in plant growth and development. grf genes represent a large multigene family in plants. recently, genome-wide structural and evolutionary analyses of the grf gene families in arabidopsis, rice, and maize have been reported. chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most important vegetables for agricultural production, and a full genome assembly for this plant has recently been released. however, to ... | 2014 | 25242257 |
| regulatory network of secondary metabolism in brassica rapa: insight into the glucosinolate pathway. | brassica rapa studies towards metabolic variation have largely been focused on the profiling of the diversity of metabolic compounds in specific crop types or regional varieties, but none aimed to identify genes with regulatory function in metabolite composition. here we followed a genetical genomics approach to identify regulatory genes for six biosynthetic pathways of health-related phytochemicals, i.e carotenoids, tocopherols, folates, glucosinolates, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. leaves f ... | 2014 | 25222144 |
| genome-wide analysis of the mads-box gene family in brassica rapa (chinese cabbage). | the mads-box gene family is an ancient and well-studied transcription factor family that functions in almost every developmental process in plants. there are a number of reports about the mads-box family in different plant species, but systematic analysis of the mads-box transcription factor family in brassica rapa (chinese cabbage) is still lacking. in this study, 160 mads-box transcription factors were identified from the entire chinese cabbage genome and compared with the mads-box factors fro ... | 2015 | 25216934 |
| analysis of global gene expression profiles to identify differentially expressed genes critical for embryo development in brassica rapa. | embryo development represents a crucial developmental period in the life cycle of flowering plants. to gain insights into the genetic programs that control embryo development in brassica rapa l., rna sequencing technology was used to perform transcriptome profiling analysis of b. rapa developing embryos. the results generated 42,906,229 sequence reads aligned with 32,941 genes. in total, 27,760, 28,871, 28,384, and 25,653 genes were identified from embryos at globular, heart, early cotyledon, an ... | 2014 | 25214014 |
| very-high-resolution time-lapse photography for plant and ecosystems research. | | 2013 | 25202588 |
| reduction of epsp synthase in transgenic wild turnip (brassica rapa) weed via suppression of aroa. | epsps is coded with the aroa gene, a key enzyme that catalyzes the penultimate step of shikimate pathway. the current study focuses on the suppression of aroa gene in weedy brassica rapa. for this purpose b. rapa was transformed with double-stranded rna interference construct designed to silence aroa gene. this developed in a significant decline in epsps (about 72 %) in t0 and t1 plants. in order to study the gene flow, the b. rapa control and b. napus plants were pollinated with t0 b. rapa. res ... | 2014 | 25189653 |
| beyond punnett squares: student word association and explanations of phenotypic variation through an integrative quantitative genetics unit investigating anthocyanin inheritance and expression in brassica rapa fast plants. | genetics instruction in introductory biology is often confined to mendelian genetics and avoids the complexities of variation in quantitative traits. given the driving question "what determines variation in phenotype (pv)? (pv=genotypic variation gv + environmental variation ev)," we developed a 4-wk unit for an inquiry-based laboratory course focused on the inheritance and expression of a quantitative trait in varying environments. we utilized brassica rapa fast plants as a model organism to st ... | 2014 | 25185225 |
| effects of foliage color on the landing response of pieris rapae (lepidoptera: pieridae). | the effects of foliage color on the selection of host plants by pieris rapae (l.) were investigated using choice tests between brassica rapa (l.) varieties with green, variegated, and yellow-green leaves. gravid-naive females displayed a first landing preference for the green and variegated brassica varieties when the plants were freely accessible. comparable results were observed when the plants were enclosed in glass jars, demonstrating that visual cues were sufficient to induce the landing re ... | 2014 | 25182617 |
| genome-wide transcriptome analysis of two contrasting brassica rapa doubled haploid lines under cold-stresses using br135k oligomeric chip. | genome wide transcription analysis in response to stresses is important to provide a basis of effective engineering strategies to improve stress tolerance in crop plants. we assembled a brassica rapa oligomeric microarray (br135k microarray) using sequence information from 41,173 unigenes and analyzed the transcription profiles of two contrasting doubled haploid (dh) lines, chiifu and kenshin, under cold-treatments. the two dh lines showed great differences in electrolyte leakage below -4°c, but ... | 2014 | 25167163 |
| de novo assembly and characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of radish (raphanus sativus l.). | radish (raphanus sativus l.) is an edible root vegetable crop that is cultivated worldwide and whose genome has been sequenced. here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the radish cultivar wk10039 chloroplast (cp) genome, along with a de novo assembly strategy using whole genome shotgun sequence reads obtained by next generation sequencing. the radish cp genome is 153,368 bp in length and has a typical quadripartite structure, composed of a pair of inverted repeat regions (26,217 bp ea ... | 2014 | 25151309 |
| a novel single-nucleotide mutation in a clavata3 gene homolog controls a multilocular silique trait in brassica rapa l. | | 2014 | 25122699 |
| polymorphism identification and improved genome annotation of brassica rapa through deep rna sequencing. | the mapping and functional analysis of quantitative traits in brassica rapa can be greatly improved with the availability of physically positioned, gene-based genetic markers and accurate genome annotation. in this study, deep transcriptome rna sequencing (rna-seq) of brassica rapa was undertaken with two objectives: snp detection and improved transcriptome annotation. we performed snp detection on two varieties that are parents of a mapping population to aid in development of a marker system fo ... | 2014 | 25122667 |
| characterization of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) genes and their association with cold and freezing stress in brassica rapa. | flavonoids including anthocyanins provide flower and leaf colors, as well as other derivatives that play diverse roles in plant development and interactions with the environment. dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) is part of an important step in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins. this study characterized 12 dfr genes of brassica rapa and investigated their association with anthocyanin coloration, as well as cold and freezing stress in several genotypes of b. rapa. comparison of s ... | 2014 | 25108127 |
| high-throughput sequence analysis of small rnas in skotomorphogenic seedlings of brassica rapa ssp. rapa. | skotomorphogenic development is the process by which seedlings adapt to a stressful dark environment. such metabolic responses to abiotic stresses in plants are known to be regulated in part by micrornas (mirnas); however, little is known about the involvement of mirnas in the regulation of skotomorphogenesis. to identify mirnas at the genome-wide level in skotomorphogenic seedlings of turnip (brassica rapa subsp. rapa), an important worldwide root vegetable, we used solexa sequencing to sequenc ... | 2014 | 25016069 |
| speciation of vanadium in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.) and soils in response to different levels of vanadium in soils and cabbage growth. | this study highlights the accumulation and speciation of vanadium in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.) in relation to the speciation of soil vanadium with pot experiments at 122-622mgvkg(-1) by spiking nh4vo3. cabbage planting decreased the bioavailable and residual vanadium based on sequential extraction, leading to enrichment of oxalate-extractable vanadium in soils. the biomass production increased with increasing concentrations of soil vanadium from 122 to 372mgvkg(-1), probably due to the ... | 2014 | 24997904 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of aquaporin genes (aqps) in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). | aquaporins (aqps) are members of a superfamily of integral membrane proteins and play a significant role in the transportation of small molecules across membranes. however, currently little is known about the aqp genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). in this study, a genome-wide analysis was carried out to identify the aqp genes in chinese cabbage. in total, 53 non-redundant aqp genes were identified that were located on all of the 10 chromosomes. the number of aqp genes in c ... | 2014 | 24972664 |
| compared with the intake of commercial vegetable juice, the intake of fresh fruit and komatsuna (brassica rapa l. var. perviridis) juice mixture reduces serum cholesterol in middle-aged men: a randomized controlled pilot study. | vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals and, dietary fiber and contribute to the prevention and improvement of obesity and metabolic syndrome. however, inadequate intake of vegetable and fruit is a concern in japan.we therefore produced a juice mixture of fresh fruit and komatsuna (brassica rapa l. var. perviridis: b. rapa) with the aim to investigate the effects of this juice mixture on anthropometric data, blood parameters, and dietary intake differences. | 2014 | 24961537 |
| brassicated - a public database for utilization of miniature transposable elements in brassica species. | mite, trim and sines are miniature form transposable elements (mtes) that are ubiquitous and dispersed throughout entire plant genomes. tens of thousands of members cause insertion polymorphism at both the inter- and intra- species level. therefore, mtes are valuable targets and resources for development of markers that can be utilized for breeding, genetic diversity and genome evolution studies. taking advantage of the completely sequenced genomes of brassica rapa and b. oleracea, characterizat ... | 2014 | 24948109 |
| mapping of quantitative trait loci for the bolting trait in brassica rapa under vernalizing conditions. | premature bolting can occur occasionally during spring cultivation of heading chinese cabbage in east asia when the plants encounter low temperatures (vernalization), leading to economic loss. breeding bolting-resistant cultivars is the best choice for solving this problem. we looked for qtls responsible for varietal differences in the bolting trait in brassica rapa under environmental conditions that promote vernalization. to achieve this goal, we constructed a linkage map with 107 simple seque ... | 2014 | 24938603 |
| tc1-like transposable elements in plant genomes. | the tc1/mariner superfamily of transposable elements (tes) is widespread in animal genomes. mariner-like elements, which bear a ddd triad catalytic motif, have been identified in a wide range of flowering plant species. however, as the founding member of the superfamily, tc1-like elements that bear a dd34e triad catalytic motif are only known to unikonts (animals, fungi, and entamoeba). | 2014 | 24926322 |
| chemical composition, aroma evaluation, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of volatile oil extracted from brassica rapa cv. "yukina" used in japanese traditional food. | the chemical composition of the volatile oil extracted from the aerial parts of brassica rapa cv. "yukina" was analyzed using gc-ms, gc-pfpd, and gc-o. a total of 50 compounds were identified. the most prominent constituents were (e)-1,5-heptadiene (40.27%), 3-methyl-3-butenenitrile (25.97%) and 3-phenylpropanenitrile (12.41%). with regard to aroma compounds, 12 compounds were identified by gc-o analysis. the main aroma-active compounds were dimethyl tetrasulfide (sulphury-cabbage, fd = 64), 3-p ... | 2014 | 24919480 |
| cotyledon-generated auxin is required for shade-induced hypocotyl growth in brassica rapa. | plant architecture is optimized for the local light environment. in response to foliar shade or neighbor proximity (low red to far-red light), some plant species exhibit shade-avoiding phenotypes, including increased stem and hypocotyl growth, which increases the likelihood of outgrowing competitor plants. if shade persists, early flowering and the reallocation of growth resources to stem elongation ultimately affect the yield of harvestable tissues in crop species. previous studies have shown t ... | 2014 | 24891610 |
| functional identification of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of 1-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethyl-glucosinolate in brassica rapa ssp. chinensis. | brassica vegetables contain a class of secondary metabolites, the glucosinolates (gs), whose specific degradation products determine the characteristic flavor and smell. while some of the respective degradation products of particular gs are recognized as health promoting substances for humans, recent studies also show evidence that namely the 1-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethyl gs might be deleterious by forming characteristic dna adducts. therefore, a deeper knowledge of aspects involved in the biosynth ... | 2014 | 24886080 |
| newly synthesized 'hidabeni' chalcone derivatives potently suppress lps-induced no production via inhibition of stat1, but not nf-κb, jnk, and p38, pathways in microglia. | chalcones are open-chain flavonoids that are biosynthesized in various plants. some of them possess anti-inflammatory activity. we previously found that chalcone glycosides from brassica rapa l. 'hidabeni' suppress lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced nitric oxide (no) production in rat microglia highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (hapi) cells. in this study, to explore chalcone derivatives with potent no inhibitory activity, we synthesized ten compounds based on 'hidabeni' chalcone and ... | 2014 | 24882415 |
| variation of glucosinolate accumulation and gene expression of transcription factors at different stages of chinese cabbage seedlings under light and dark conditions. | chinese cabbage is one of the most important leafy vegetables widely used in east asian cuisines. the glucosinolate (gsl) accumulation and transcript levels of 7 transcription factors (dof1.1, iqd1-1, myb28, myb29, myb34, myb51, and myb122, and their isoforms) involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates (gsls) were analyzed at different stages of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) seedlings under light and dark conditions using high performance liquid chroma ... | 2014 | 24868877 |
| temporal variation in phenotypic gender and expected functional gender within and among individuals in an annual plant. | adaptive explanations for variation in sex allocation centre on variation in resource status and variation in the mating environment. the latter can occur when dichogamy causes siring opportunity to vary across the flowering season. in this study, it is hypothesized that the widespread tendency towards declining fruit-set from first to last flowers on plants can similarly lead to a varying mating environment by causing a temporal shift in the quality (not quantity) of siring opportunities. | 2014 | 24854170 |
| draft sequences of the radish (raphanus sativus l.) genome. | radish (raphanus sativus l., n = 9) is one of the major vegetables in asia. since the genomes of brassica and related species including radish underwent genome rearrangement, it is quite difficult to perform functional analysis based on the reported genomic sequence of brassica rapa. therefore, we performed genome sequencing of radish. short reads of genomic sequences of 191.1 gb were obtained by next-generation sequencing (ngs) for a radish inbred line, and 76,592 scaffolds of ≥ 300 bp were con ... | 2014 | 24848699 |
| carbaryl toxicity prediction to soil organisms under high and low temperature regimes. | many studies on risk assessment of pesticides on non-target organisms have been performed based on standardized protocols that reflect conditions in temperate climates. however, the responses of organisms to chemical compounds may differ according to latitude and thus predicting the toxicity of chemicals at different temperatures is an important factor to consider in risk assessment. the toxic effects of the pesticide carbaryl were evaluated at different temperature regimes, which are indicative ... | 2015 | 24836932 |
| a simple and versatile 2-dimensional platform to study plant germination and growth under controlled humidity. | we describe a simple, inexpensive, but remarkably versatile and controlled growth environment for the observation of plant germination and seedling root growth on a flat, horizontal surface over periods of weeks. the setup provides to each plant a controlled humidity (between 56% and 91% rh), and contact with both nutrients and atmosphere. the flat and horizontal geometry of the surface supporting the roots eliminates the gravitropic bias on their development and facilitates the imaging of the e ... | 2014 | 24806462 |
| the relative importance of rapid evolution for plant-microbe interactions depends on ecological context. | evolution can occur on ecological time-scales, affecting community and ecosystem processes. however, the importance of evolutionary change relative to ecological processes remains largely unknown. here, we analyse data from a long-term experiment in which we allowed plant populations to evolve for three generations in dry or wet soils and used a reciprocal transplant to compare the ecological effect of drought and the effect of plant evolutionary responses to drought on soil microbial communitie ... | 2014 | 24789894 |
| pectate lyase-like10 is associated with pollen wall development in brassica campestris. | pectate lyase-like10 (pll10) was previously identified as one of the differentially expressed genes both in microspores during the late pollen developmental stages and in pistils during the fertilization process in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). here, antisense-rna was used to study the functions of bcpll10 in chinese cabbage. abnormal pollen was identified in the transgenic lines (bcpll10-4, -5, and -6). in fertilization experiments, fewer seeds were harvested when the an ... | 2014 | 24773757 |
| center of origin and centers of diversity in an ancient crop, brassica rapa (turnip rape). | brassica rapa is the most widely distributed and has the longest history of domestication of the agricultural brassica species. molecular genetic diversity, based on 51 simple sequence repeat primer pairs and 715 alleles at polymorphic loci, was used to predict the center of origin and centers of diversity in a global collection of 173 b. rapa accessions. the accessions were separated into 3 molecular genetic groups based on structure analysis-group 1 from the classical old world (europe and wes ... | 2017 | 24714366 |
| herbivory and floral signaling: phenotypic plasticity and tradeoffs between reproduction and indirect defense. | plant defense against herbivores may compromise attraction of mutualists, yet information remains limited about the mechanisms underlying such signaling tradeoffs. here, we investigated the effects of foliar herbivory by two herbivore species on defense compounds, floral signaling, pollinator and parasitoid attraction, and seed production. herbivory generally reduced the quantity of many floral volatile organic compounds vocs) in brassica rapa. by contrast, floral color, flower diameter, and pla ... | 2014 | 24684288 |
| instability in mitochondrial membranes in polima cytoplasmic male sterility of brassica rapa ssp. chinensis. | cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is an important factor to observe heterosis in brassica rapa. although several studies have documented the rearrangements of mitochondrial dna and dysfunction in the mitochondria have been observed in most types of cms, the basis of the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes and other effects on cms remain unclear. in this study, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed in the flowers of an alloplasmic polima cms system from b. rapa ssp. chin ... | 2014 | 24652098 |
| qtl architecture of reproductive fitness characters in brassica rapa. | reproductive output is critical to both agronomists seeking to increase seed yield and to evolutionary biologists interested in understanding natural selection. we examine the genetic architecture of diverse reproductive fitness traits in recombinant inbred lines (rils) developed from a crop (seed oil) × wild-like (rapid cycling) genotype of brassica rapa in field and greenhouse environments. | 2014 | 24641198 |
| a scanner system for high-resolution quantification of variation in root growth dynamics of brassica rapa genotypes. | the potential exists to breed for root system architectures that optimize resource acquisition. however, this requires the ability to screen root system development quantitatively, with high resolution, in as natural an environment as possible, with high throughput. this paper describes the construction of a low-cost, high-resolution root phenotyping platform, requiring no sophisticated equipment and adaptable to most laboratory and glasshouse environments, and its application to quantify enviro ... | 2014 | 24604732 |
| say it with flowers: flowering acceleration by root communication. | the timing of reproduction is a critical determinant of fitness, especially in organisms inhabiting seasonal environments. increasing evidence suggests that inter-plant communication plays important roles in plant functioning. here, we tested the hypothesis that flowering coordination can involve communication between neighboring plants. we show that soil leachates from brassica rapa plants growing under long-day conditions accelerated flowering and decreased allocation to vegetative organs in t ... | 2014 | 24598343 |
| genome-wide identification, phylogeny, duplication, and expression analyses of two-component system genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). | in plants, a two component system (tcs) composed of sensor histidine kinases (hks), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (hps), and response regulators (rrs) has been employed in cytokinin signal transduction. a tcs exhibits important functions in diverse biological processes, including plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. conducting an exhaustive search of the chinese cabbage genome, a total of 20 hk(l) (11 hks and 9 hkls), 8 hp (7 authentic and 1 pseudo), and 57 rr ( ... | 2014 | 24585003 |
| characterization and expression patterns of small rnas in synthesized brassica hexaploids. | polyploidy has played an important role in promoting plant evolution through genomic merging and doubling. we used high-throughput sequencing to compare mirna expression profiles between brassica hexaploid and its parents. a total of 613, 784 and 742 known mirnas were identified in brassica rapa, brassica carinata, and brassica hexaploid, respectively. we detected 618 mirnas were differentially expressed (log(2)ratio ≥ 1, p ≤ 0.05) between brassica hexaploid and its parents, and 425 mirnas were ... | 2014 | 24584845 |
| a multi-layered screening method to identify plant regulatory genes. | we used a seven-step process to identify genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis and metabolism in the chinese cabbage (brassica rapa). we constructed an annotated data set with 34,570 unigenes from b. rapa and predicted 11,526 glucosinolate-related candidate genes using expression profiles generated across nine stages of development on a 47k-gene microarray. using our multi-layered screening method, we screened 392 transcription factors, 843 pathway genes, and 4,162 ortholog genes associat ... | 2016 | 26355777 |
| profiling gene expression in germinating brassica roots. | based on previously developed solid-phase gene extraction (spge) we examined the mrna profile in primary roots of brassica rapa seedlings for highly expressed genes like act7 (actin7), tub (tubulin1), ubq (ubiquitin), and low expressed glk (glucokinase) during the first day post-germination. the assessment was based on the mrna load of the spge probe of about 2.1 ng. the number of copies of the investigated genes changed spatially along the length of primary roots. the expression level of all ge ... | 2014 | 24563578 |
| high mutagenic activity of juice from pak choi (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) sprouts due to its content of 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate, and its enhancement by elicitation with methyl jasmonate. | cruciferous vegetables have the reputation to protect against cancer, an effect attributed to glucosinolates (gls) and their breakdown products. however, some gls are mutagenic, an activity associated with cancer initiation rather than chemoprevention. we show that juices from steamed pak choi sprouts are strongly mutagenic in salmonella typhimurium ta100 upon addition of fresh myrosinase. growth of the plants in the presence of methyl jasmonate, a hormone eliciting defence factors, led to 20-fo ... | 2014 | 24530313 |
| brassica plant responses to mild herbivore stress elicited by two specialist insects from different feeding guilds. | compensation growth and chemical defense are two components of plant defense strategy against herbivores. in this study, compensation growth and the response of primary and secondary metabolites were investigated in brassica rapa plants subjected to infestation by two herbivores from contrasting feeding guilds, the phloem-feeding aphid brevicoryne brassicae and the leaf-feeding caterpillar pieris brassicae. these specialist herbivores were used at two different densities and allowed to feed for ... | 2014 | 24500734 |
| genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the putative non-specific lipid transfer proteins in brassica rapa l. | plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are small, basic proteins encoded by multigene families and have reported functions in many physiological processes such as mediating phospholipid transfer, defense reactions against phytopathogens, the adaptation of plants to various environmental conditions, and sexual reproduction. to date, no genome-wide overview of the brassica rapa nsltp (brnsltp) gene family has been performed. therefore, as the first step and as a helpful strategy to el ... | 2014 | 24497919 |
| genotype-environment interactions affecting preflowering physiological and morphological traits of brassica rapa grown in two watering regimes. | plant growth and productivity are greatly affected by drought, which is likely to become more threatening with the predicted global temperature increase. understanding the genetic architecture of complex quantitative traits and their interaction with water availability may lead to improved crop adaptation to a wide range of environments. here, the genetic basis of 20 physiological and morphological traits is explored by describing plant performance and growth in a brassica rapa recombinant inbre ... | 2014 | 24474811 |
| standardized ethyl acetate fraction from the roots of brassica rapa attenuates the experimental arthritis by down regulating inflammatory responses and inhibiting nf-κb activation. | this study was undertaken to investigate the anti-arthritic potential of a standardized ethyl acetate fraction from the roots of brassica rapa (eabr) and to explore the molecular mechanisms in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats and macrophages. in aia-induced arthritic rats, eabr significantly reduced paw swelling, an arthritic index, serum rheumatoid factor, and tissue expression ratio of rankl/opg versus vehicle-administered group. this was found to be well correlated with significant suppression ... | 2014 | 24468670 |
| physiological and genetic analysis of co2-induced breakdown of self-incompatibility in brassica rapa. | self-incompatibility (si) of the brassicaceae family can be overcome by co2 gas treatment. this method has been used for decades as an effective means to obtain a large amount of inbred seeds which can then be used for f1 hybrid seed production; however, the molecular mechanism by which co2 alters the si pathway has not been elucidated. in this study, to obtain new insights into the mechanism of co2-induced si breakdown, the focus was on two inbred lines of brassica rapa (syn. campestris) with d ... | 2014 | 24376255 |
| quantitative trait loci × environment interactions for plant morphology vary over ontogeny in brassica rapa. | growth in plants occurs via the addition of repeating modules, suggesting that the genetic architecture of similar subunits may vary between earlier- and later-developing modules. these complex environment × ontogeny interactions are not well elucidated, as studies examining quantitative trait loci (qtls) expression over ontogeny have not included multiple environments. here, we characterized the genetic architecture of vegetative traits and onset of reproduction over ontogeny in recombinant inb ... | 2014 | 26012723 |
| genome-wide analysis of the gras gene family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). | the gras gene family is one of the most important families of transcriptional regulators. in this study, 48 gras genes are identified from chinese cabbage, and they are classified into eight groups according to the classification of arabidopsis. the characterization, classification, gene structure and phylogenetic construction of gras proteins are performed. distribution mapping shows that gras proteins are nonrandomly localized in 10 chromosomes. fifty-five orthologous gene pairs are shared by ... | 2014 | 24365788 |
| single-step purification of peroxidase by 4-aminobenzohydrazide from turkish blackradish and turnip roots. | peroxidases (pods) were purified from the turkish blackradish (raphanus sativus l.) (tbr) and turnip (brassica rapa l.) using a simple and effective single-step method. an affinity resin was synthesised by coupling the 4-aminobenzohydrazide ligand and the l-tyrosine spacer-arm to cnbr-activated-sepharose-4b. the purification factors for the tbr-pod and the turnip-pod were 40.3-fold (with a yield of 10.6%) and 269.3-fold (with a yield of 9%), respectively. the molecular masses of the tbr-pod and ... | 2014 | 24360459 |