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genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of ring finger protein genes in brassica rapa.more and more ring finger genes were found to be implicated in various important biological processes. in the present study, a total of 731 ring domains in 715 predicted proteins were identified in brassica rapa genome (aa, 2n = 20), which were further divided into eight types: ring-h2 (371), ring-hca (215), ring-hcb (47), ring-v (44), ring-c2 (38), ring-d (10), ring-s/t (5) and ring-g (1). the 715 ring finger proteins were further classified into 51 groups according to the presence of additiona ...201728094809
protective effect of chitosan on photosynthesis and antioxidative defense system in edible rape (brassica rapa l.) in the presence of cadmium.chitosan (cts) induces plant tolerance against several abiotic stresses, including salinity and drought exposure. however, the role of cts in cadmium (cd)-induced stress amelioration is largely unknown. in the present study, a hydroponic pot experiment was conducted to study the roles of cts with different molecular weight (mw) (10kda,5kda and 1kda) in alleviating cd toxicity in edible rape (brassica rapa l .). the results showed that cd stress significantly decreased plant growth, leaf chloroph ...201728081489
identification of ssr markers closely linked to the yellow seed coat color gene in heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis).research on the yellow-seeded variety of heading chinese cabbage will aid in broadening its germplasm resources and lay a foundation for aa genome research in brassica crops. here, an f2 segregating population of 1575 individuals was constructed from two inbred lines (brown-seeded '92s105' and yellow-seeded '91-125'). this population was used to identify the linkage molecular markers of the yellow seed coat trait using simple sequence repeat (ssr) techniques combined with a bulk segregant analys ...201728069590
microspore induced doubled haploids production from ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) soaked flower buds is an efficient strategy for mutagenesis in chinese cabbage.chinese cabbage buds were soaked with ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) to induce mutagenesis. the influence of different ems concentrations and treatment durations on microspore development, embryo production rate and seedling rate were evaluated in five chinese cabbage genotypes. mutations in four color-related genes were identified using high resolution melting (hrm) curves of their pcr products. the greatest embryo production and seedling rates were observed when buds were treated with 0.03 to 0. ...201628018368
heavy metals in sludge during anaerobic sanitary landfill: speciation transformation and phytotoxicity.sanitary landfill persists as a predominant sludge disposal method in particular in china. in this study, successive subsurface sludge samples (0.3 m deep) were collected from a bioreactor landfill unit where an anaerobic process took place during a 500 d period. the sludge samples were analyzed for total concentrations of cadmium (cd), chromium (cr), copper (cu), nickel (ni), lead (pb) and zinc (zn) and their species distributions, together with selected sludge chemical properties. in addition, ...201728011427
a complex dominance hierarchy is controlled by polymorphism of small rnas and their targets.in diploid organisms, phenotypic traits are often biased by effects known as mendelian dominant-recessive interactions between inherited alleles. phenotypic expression of sp11 alleles, which encodes the male determinants of self-incompatibility in brassica rapa, is governed by a complex dominance hierarchy(1-3). here, we show that a single polymorphic 24 nucleotide small rna, named sp11 methylation inducer 2 (smi2), controls the linear dominance hierarchy of the four sp11 alleles (s44 > s60 > s4 ...201628005058
allelism analysis of brrfp locus in different restorer lines and map-based cloning of a fertility restorer gene, brrfp1, for pol cms in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).in chinese cabbage, there are two rf loci for pol cms and one of them was mapped to a 12.6-kb region containing a potential candidate gene encoding ppr protein. in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa), polima cytoplasmic male sterility (pol cms) is an important cms type and is widely used for hybrid breeding. by extensive test crossing in chinese cabbage, four restorer lines (92s105, 01s325, 00s109, and 88s148) for pol cms were screened. by analyzing the allelism of the four restorer lines, it was fo ...201727896366
brassica rapa genome 2.0: a reference upgrade through sequence re-assembly and gene re-annotation. 201727890636
the effects of becoming taller: direct and pleiotropic effects of artificial selection on plant height in brassica rapa.plant height is an important trait for plant reproductive success. plant height is often under pollinator-mediated selection, and has been shown to be correlated with various other traits. however, few studies have examined the evolutionary trajectory of plant height under selection and the pleiotropic effects of plant height evolution. we conducted a bi-directional artificial selection experiment on plant height with fast cycling brassica rapa plants to estimate its heritability and genetic cor ...201727889935
role of vernalization-mediated demethylation in the floral transition of brassica rapa.vernalization-mediated demethylation of brcka2 (casein kinase ii α-subunit) and brckb4 (casein kinase ii β-subunit) shorten the period of the clock gene brcca1 (circadian clock associated 1) in brassica rapa. photoperiod and vernalization are two environmental cues involved in the regulation of floral transition, but the ways in which they interact remain unclear. dna methylation is one of the main mechanisms involved in controlling the functional state of chromatin and gene expression in respon ...201727885421
effects of tibetan turnip (brassica rapa l.) on promoting hypoxia-tolerance in healthy humans.tibetan turnip (brassica rapa l.), widely distributed in tibet region, is an edible and medical plant with effects of "tonic and anti-hypoxia" "heat-clearing and detoxification" and "alleviating fatigue" according to traditional tibetan medical books.201727856303
characterization of bcmf23a and bcmf23b, two putative pectin methylesterase genes related to pollen development in brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.two homologous genes, brassica campestris male fertility 23a (bcmf23a) and brassica campestris male fertility 23b (bcmf23b), encoding putative pectin methylesterases (pmes) were isolated from brassica campestris ssp. chinensis (syn. brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). these two genes sharing high sequence identity with each other were highly expressed in the fertile flower buds but silenced in the sterile ones of genic male sterile line system ('bcajh97-01a/b'). results of rt-pcr and in situ hybridiz ...201727844189
the molecular bases of floral scent evolution under artificial selection: insights from a transcriptome analysis in brassica rapa.in an artificial selection experiment using fast-cycling brassica rapa plants it was recently shown that floral vocs respond rapidly to selection for increased amounts. here we carried out transcriptome analysis in these plants to explore the molecular bases of the augmentation in the artificially selected scent compound, phenylacetaldehyde (paa), as well as other compounds that increased through pleiotropy. in the transcriptome data, we found up-regulation of genes likely underlying paa synthes ...201627841366
fine mapping and whole-genome resequencing identify the seed coat color gene in brassica rapa.a yellow seed coat is a desirable agronomic trait in the seeds of oilseed-type brassica crops. in this study, we identified a candidate gene for seed coat color in dahuang, a landrace of brassica rapa. a previous study of dahuang mapped the seed coat color gene brsc1 to a 2.8-mb interval on chromosome a9 of b. rapa. in the present study, the density of the linkage map for brsc1 was increased by adding simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers, and the candidate region for brsc1 was narrowed to 1.04 m ...201627829069
structural basis for specific self-incompatibility response in brassica.self-incompatibility (si) is a widespread mechanism in flowering plants which prevents self-fertilization and inbreeding. in brassica, recognition of the highly polymorphic s-locus cysteine-rich protein (scr; or s-locus protein 11) by the similarly polymorphic s-locus receptor kinase (srk) dictates the si specificity. here, we report the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of srk9 (esrk9) in complex with scr9 from brassica rapa. scr9 binding induces esrk9 homodimerization, forming a 2: ...201627824028
analysis of dna hydroxymethylation using colorimetric assay.hydroxymethylcytosine (hmc or 5-hmc) is a nitrogen base occurring as a result of cytosine methylation followed by replacing a methyl group with a hydroxyl group through active oxidation. 5-hmc is considered to be one of the forms of epigenetic modification and is suggested as an intermediate step in a semi-active loss of dna methylation mark. 5-hmc plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in animals, although its role in plants remains controversial. here, we prese ...201727770360
2-d visualization of nitrogen distribution in leaf of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa chinensis) by ftir-pas technique.understanding nitrogen (n) status in the leaves of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa chinensis) is of significance to both vegetable growth and quality control. fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to perform rapid qualification of n distribution in leaf, a partial least squares algorithm was used to develop a model for prediction of n content, and n distribution in individual leaves was mapped based on interpolation analysis, which was found to be variable. a reasonable n ...201627690416
nutrient status and phytotoxicity analysis of goat manure discharged from farms in south korea.the present study evaluated the phytotoxicity effect of goat manure (gm) collected from six different regions in south korea, namely, chupungnyeong (t1), hoengseong (t2), goesan (t3), sancheong (t4), jangsu (t5) and namwon (t6). phytotoxicity was assessed by means of the analysis of germination index (gi), relative seed germination (rsg), relative root elongation (rre) and vigor index (vi) using five commercial crop varieties, namely, sesame (sesamum indicum l.), chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum ind ...201727654710
impact of cao, fly ash, sulfur and na2s on the (im)mobilization and phytoavailability of cd, cu and pb in contaminated soil.soil heavy metals pollution is a serious problem worldwide due to its potential human health risks through food chain. therefore, a sustainable solution is needed to efficiently remediate hms contaminated soils. our study aimed to assess the impact of cao, fly ash, sulfur, and na2s on the immobilization of cd, cu, and pb and their uptake by chinese cabbage (brassica rapa chinensis) in a contaminated soil. the concentration of dtpa-extractable cd, cu, and pb was significantly decreased as compare ...201627611219
cdna-aflp analysis reveals differential gene expression in incompatible interaction between infected non-heading chinese cabbage and hyaloperonospora parasitica.non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) is one of the main green leafy vegetables in the world, especially in china, with significant economic value. hyaloperonospora parasitica is a fungal pathogen responsible for causing downy mildew disease in chinese cabbage, which greatly affects its production. the objective of this study was to identify transcriptionally regulated genes during incompatible interactions between non-heading chinese cabbage and h. parasitica using compleme ...201627602230
genotypic variation in biomass allocation in response to field drought has a greater affect on yield than gas exchange or phenology.plant performance in agricultural and natural settings varies with moisture availability, and understanding the range of potential drought responses and the underlying genetic architecture is important for understanding how plants will respond to both natural and artificial selection in various water regimes. here, we raised genotypes of brassica rapa under well-watered and drought treatments in the field. our primary goal was to understand the genetic architecture and yield effects of different ...201627558796
the gene encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase is a candidate for the anthocyaninless locus of rapid cycling brassica rapa (fast plants type).rapid cycling brassica rapa, also known as wisconsin fast plants, are a widely used organism in both k-12 and college science education. they are an excellent system for genetics laboratory instruction because it is very easy to conduct genetic crosses with this organism, there are numerous seed stocks with variation in both mendelian and quantitative traits, they have a short generation time, and there is a wealth of educational materials for instructors using them. their main deficiency for ge ...201627548675
genomic inferences of domestication events are corroborated by written records in brassica rapa.demographic modeling is often used with population genomic data to infer the relationships and ages among populations. however, relatively few analyses are able to validate these inferences with independent data. here, we leverage written records that describe distinct brassica rapa crops to corroborate demographic models of domestication. brassica rapa crops are renowned for their outstanding morphological diversity, but the relationships and order of domestication remains unclear. we generated ...201728371014
genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression analysis of the atp-binding cassette transporter gene family in brassica rapa.atp-binding cassette (abc) proteins can act as transporters of different substrates across biological membranes by hydrolyzing atp. however, little information is available about abc transporters in brassica rapa, an important leafy vegetable. in the present study, we carried out genome-wide identification, characterization and molecular evolution analyses of abc gene family in b. rapa and 9 other plant species. a total of 179 b. rapa abc genes (braabcs) were identified. among them, 173 braabcs ...201728367152
population structure and phylogenetic relationships in a diverse panel of brassica rapa l.the crop species brassica rapa l. has significant economic importance around the world. however, the global distribution and complex evolutionary history of the species has made investigating its genetic population structure difficult. crop domestication and improvement has resulted in extreme phenotypic diversity and subspecies that are used for oilseed, food for human consumption, and fodder for livestock. these subspecies include the oilseed morphotypes. oleifera (turnip rape), ssp. dichotoma ...201728348571
integrating insect life history and food plant phenology: flexible maternal choice is adaptive.experience of insect herbivores and their natural enemies in the natal habitat is considered to affect their likelihood of accepting a similar habitat or plant/host during dispersal. growing phenology of food plants and the number of generations in the insects further determines lability of insect behavioural responses at eclosion. we studied the effect of rearing history on oviposition preference in a multivoltine herbivore (pieris brassicae), and foraging behaviour in the endoparasitoid wasp ( ...201627527153
proteomic and gene expression analyses during bolting-related leaf color change in brassica rapa.bolting and flowering are key processes during the growth and development of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp pekinensis). understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying bolting and flowering is of significance for improving production of the vegetable. a leaf-color change from bright green to gray-green has been observed following differentiation of the flowering stem and before bolting in the vegetable, and is considered to be a signal for bolting. proteomics in meristem tissues of an ...201627525926
cytogenetic diversity of simple sequences repeats in morphotypes of brassica rapa ssp. chinensis.a significant fraction of the nuclear dna of all eukaryotes is comprised of simple sequence repeats (ssrs). although these sequences are widely used for studying genetic variation, linkage mapping and evolution, little attention had been paid to the chromosomal distribution and cytogenetic diversity of these sequences. in this paper, we report the distribution characterization of mono-, di-, and tri-nucleotide ssrs in brassica rapa ssp. chinensis. fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to c ...201627507974
enhancement of the initial growth rate of agricultural plants by using static magnetic fields.electronic devices and high-voltage wires induce magnetic fields. a magnetic field of 1,300-2,500 gauss (0.2 tesla) was applied to petri dishes containing seeds of garden balsam (impatiens balsamina), mizuna (brassica rapa var. japonica), komatsuna (brassica rapa var. perviridis), and mescluns (lepidium sativum). we applied magnets under the culture dish. during the 4 days of application, we observed that the stem and root length increased. the group subjected to magnetic field treatment (n = 10 ...201627500712
rapid adaptation to climate change.in recent years, amid growing concerns that changing climate is affecting species distributions and ecosystems, predicting responses to rapid environmental change has become a major goal. in this issue, franks and colleagues take a first step towards this objective (franks et al. 2016). they examine genomewide signatures of selection in populations of brassica rapa after a severe multiyear drought. together with other authors, franks had previously shown that flowering time was reduced after thi ...201627463237
comparative transcriptome analysis reveals heat-responsive genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis).chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) is an economically and agriculturally significant vegetable crop and is extensively cultivated throughout the world. heat stress disturbs cellular homeostasis and causes visible growth inhibition of shoots and roots, severe retardation in growth and development, and even death. however, there are few studies on the transcriptome profiling of heat stress in non-heading chinese cabbage. in this study, we investigated the transcript profiles of non-hea ...201627443222
identification of loci associated with embryo yield in microspore culture of brassica rapa by segregation distortion analysis.we identified three physical positions associated with embryo yield in microspore culture of brassica rapa by segregation distortion analysis. we also confirmed their genetic effects on the embryo yield. isolated microspore culture is well utilized for the production of haploid or doubled-haploid plants in brassica crops. brassica rapa cv. 'ho mei' is one of the most excellent cultivars in embryo yield of microspore culture. to identify the loci associated with microspore embryogenesis, segregat ...201627438134
shotgun quantitative proteomic analysis of proteins responding to drought stress in brassica rapa l. (inbred line "chiifu").through a comparative shotgun quantitative proteomics analysis in brassica rapa (inbred line chiifu), total of 3,009 nonredundant proteins were identified with a false discovery rate of 0.01 in 3-week-old plants subjected to dehydration treatment for 0, 24, and 48 h, plants subjected to drought stress. ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylases, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, and light harvesting complex in photosystem ii were highly abundant proteins in the leaves and accounted for 9%, 2%, and 4%, re ...201627419125
identification and validation of reference genes for rt-qpcr analysis in non-heading chinese cabbage flowers.non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis makino) is an important vegetable member of brassica rapa crops. it exhibits a typical sporophytic self-incompatibility (si) system and is an ideal model plant to explore the mechanism of si. gene expression research are frequently used to unravel the complex genetic mechanism and in such studies appropriate reference selection is vital. validation of reference genes have neither been conducted in brassica rapa flowers nor in si trait. in ...201627375663
high-throughput development of simple sequence repeat markers for genetic diversity research in crambe abyssinica.the allohexaploid crambe abyssinica (crambe) is an oilseed crop that has been recognized for its potential value in the chemical industry, particularly in terms of producing high-erucic acid content vegetable oil. however, as an understudied crop, improvement of crambe has been hampered by the lack of genetic and genomic information to enhance its yield, oil quality and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. development of molecular markers is therefore of great significance to facilitate ...201627317011
conservation and expression patterns divergence of ascorbic acid d-mannose/l-galactose pathway genes in brassica rapa.ascorbic acid (asa) participates in diverse biological processes, is regulated by multiple factors and is a potent antioxidant and cellular reductant. the d-mannose/l-galactose pathway is a major plant asa biosynthetic pathway that is highly connected within biosynthetic networks, and generally conserved across plants. previous work has shown that, although most genes of this pathway are expressed under standard growth conditions in brassica rapa, some paralogs of these genes are not. we hypothe ...201627313597
plant growth environments with programmable relative humidity and homogeneous nutrient availability.we describe the design, characterization, and use of "programmable", sterile growth environments for individual (or small sets of) plants. the specific relative humidities and nutrient availability experienced by the plant is established (rh between 15% and 95%; nutrient concentration as desired) during the setup of the growth environment, which takes about 5 minutes and <1$ in disposable cost. these systems maintain these environmental parameters constant for at least 14 days with minimal inter ...201627304431
reduction of gigantea expression in transgenic brassica rapa enhances salt tolerance.here we report the enhancement of tolerance to salt stress in brassica rapa (chinese cabbage) through the rnai-mediated reduction of gigantea ( gi ) expression. circadian clocks integrate environmental signals with internal cues to coordinate diverse physiological outputs. the gigantea (gi) gene was first discovered due to its important contribution to photoperiodic flowering and has since been shown to be a critical component of the plant circadian clock and to contribute to multiple environmen ...201627295265
exploitation of subabul stem lignin as a matrix in controlled release agrochemical nanoformulations: a case study with herbicide diuron.the utilization of nanomaterials in the domain of agriculture is at an inception, especially in the development of controlled release agrochemical nanoformulations. the present study demonstrated the potential of subabul stem lignin as a matrix material in agrochemical formulations using nanotechnology. in this study, "nanoprecipitation" method was employed and "optimized" to fabricate a stable herbicide, "diuron nanoformulation" (dnf). "optimized dnf" (odnf) has 5.17 ± 0.49 % diuron loading eff ...201627259957
effects of endogenous salicylic acid during calcium deficiency-induced tipburn in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis).by cultivating tipburn-susceptible plants in modified hoagland's medium containing of gradient exogenous calcium (ca(2+)), we have shown that ca(2+) deficiency is one of the main causes of tipburn in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis). the effect of endogenous plant ca(2+) concentrations on tipburn was also studied in a doubled haploid (dh) population consisting of 100 individuals, but no correlation was found. we then examined the expression of 12 ca(2+) transporter genes that f ...201727182106
fine mapping and characterization of the or gene in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp pekinensis).orange inner leaves/heads is a qualitative trait in chinese cabbage that is controlled by a single recessive gene. orange head chinese cabbage contain more carotenoids than its white head counterpart; hence, this trait is of interest to both researchers and consumers. in this study, we selected the orange head chinese cabbage line 07a163 and the white head chinese cabbage line chiifu as test materials. we localized the target gene controlling the orange head trait to the a09 linkage group, with ...201627173304
analysis of genetic diversity of brassica rapa var. chinensis using issr markers and development of scar marker specific for fragrant bok choy, a product of geographic indication.non-heading chinese cabbage [brassica rapa var. chinensis (linnaeus) kitamura] is a popular vegetable and is also used as a medicinal plant in traditional chinese medicine. fragrant bok choy is a unique accession of non-heading chinese cabbage and a product of geographic indication certified by the ministry of agriculture of china, which is noted for its rich aromatic flavor. however, transitional and overlapping morphological traits can make it difficult to distinguish this accession from other ...201627173238
metabolic profiling in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. subsp. pekinensis) cultivars reveals that glucosinolate content is correlated with carotenoid content.a total of 38 bioactive compounds, including glucosinolates, carotenoids, tocopherols, sterols, and policosanols, were characterized from nine varieties of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. subsp. pekinensis) to determine their phytochemical diversity and analyze their abundance relationships. the metabolite profiles were evaluated with principal component analysis (pca), pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis (hca). pca and hca identified two distinct varieties of ch ...201627172980
bruge1 transgenic rice showed improved growth performance with enhanced drought tolerance.udp-glucose 4-epimerase (uge) catalyzes the reversible conversion of udp-glucose to udp-galactose. to understand the biological function of uge from brassica rapa, the gene bruge1 was cloned and introduced into the genome of wild type rice 'gopum' using the agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. four lines which carried a single copy gene were selected and forwarded to t3 generation. agronomic traits evaluation of the transgenic t3 lines (cb01, cb03, and cb06) under optimal field conditio ...201627162494
analyses of phenotype and argos and asy1 expression in a ploidy chinese cabbage series derived from one haploid.the aim of this research was to improve our understanding of how ploidy level influences phenotype and gene expression in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis). haploid plants (2n = 10) was induced by 0.2% colchicine to produce diploid (2n = 20) and tetraploid plants (2n = 40). the aneuploid (2n = 24) was also obtained by hybridization between diploid plants as the female and tetraploid plants. the ploidy levels of all plants were identified through chromosome counts and flow cytome ...201627162487
exploring mirnas involved in blue/uv-a light response in brassica rapa reveals special regulatory mode during seedling development.growth, development, and pigment synthesis in brassica rapa subsp. rapa cv. tsuda, a popular vegetable crop, are influenced by light. although micrornas (mirnas) have vital roles in the metabolic processes and abiotic stress responses of plants, whether mirnas play a role in anthocyanin biosynthesis and development of tsuda seedlings exposed to light is unknown.201627160188
comprehensive analysis of the polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase genes in brassica rapa shed light on their different evolutionary patterns.pectins are fundamental polysaccharides in the plant primary cell wall. polygalacturonases (pgs) and pectin methylesterases (pmes), major components of the pectin remodeling and disassembly network, are involved in cell separation processes during many stages of plant development. a comprehensive study of these genes in plants could shed light on the evolution patterns of their structural development. in this study, we conducted whole-genome annotation, molecular evolution and gene expression an ...201627112365
temperature expression patterns of genes and their coexpression with lncrnas revealed by rna-seq in non-heading chinese cabbage.non-heading chinese cabbage (nhcc, brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) is an important leaf vegetable grown worldwide. however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance for extreme temperature in nhcc. the limited availability of nhcc genomic information has greatly hindered functional analysis and molecular breeding.201627103267
incorrect statistical method in parallel-groups rct led to unsubstantiated conclusions.the article by aiso et al. titled "compared with the intake of commercial vegetable juice, the intake of fresh fruit and komatsuna (brassica rapa l. var perviridis) juice mixture reduces serum cholesterol in middle-aged men: a randomized controlled pilot study" does not meet the expected standards of lipids in health and disease. although the article concludes that there are some significant benefits to their komatsuna juice mixture, these claims are not supported by the statistical analyses use ...201627083538
rapid genome-wide evolution in brassica rapa populations following drought revealed by sequencing of ancestral and descendant gene pools.there is increasing evidence that evolution can occur rapidly in response to selection. recent advances in sequencing suggest the possibility of documenting genetic changes as they occur in populations, thus uncovering the genetic basis of evolution, particularly if samples are available from both before and after selection. here, we had a unique opportunity to directly assess genetic changes in natural populations following an evolutionary response to a fluctuation in climate. we analysed genom ...201627072809
glucotoxicity induced oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo and in vitro in psammomys obesus: involvement of aqueous extract of brassica rapa rapifera.context. brassica rapa is considered as natural source of antioxidants and is used to treat diabetes. objective. our study carried the impact of glucotoxicity induced in vivo and in vitro in vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) in psammomys and the therapeutic effect of brassica rapa (aebr). materials and methods. we administered a hyperglucidic diet (30% sucrose) for 9 months and a treatment for 20 days with aebr at 100 mg/kg. vsmcs were submitted to d-glucose (0.6%) for 48 hours and treated wi ...201627047569
powdery mildew suppresses herbivore-induced plant volatiles and interferes with parasitoid attraction in brassica rapa.the co-occurrence of different antagonists on a plant can greatly affect infochemicals with ecological consequences for higher trophic levels. here we investigated how the presence of a plant pathogen, the powdery mildew erysiphe cruciferarum, on brassica rapa affects (1) plant volatiles emitted in response to damage by a specialist herbivore, pieris brassicae; (2) the attraction of the parasitic wasp cotesia glomerata and (3) the performance of p. brassicae and c. glomerata. plant volatiles wer ...201627043839
the gastropod menace: slugs on brassica plants affect caterpillar survival through consumption and interference with parasitoid attraction.terrestrial molluscs and insect herbivores play a major role as plant consumers in a number of ecosystems, but their direct and indirect interactions have hardly been explored. the omnivorous nature of slugs makes them potential disrupters of predator-prey relationships, as a direct threat to small insects and through indirect, plant-mediated effects. here, we examined the effects of the presence of two species of slugs, arion rufus (native) and a. vulgaris (invasive) on the survivorship of youn ...201627002323
the role of conserved cys residues in brassica rapa auxin amidohydrolase: cys139 is crucial for the enzyme activity and cys320 regulates enzyme stability.brassica rapa auxin amidohydrolase (brill2) participates in the homeostasis of the plant hormones auxins by hydrolyzing the amino acid conjugates of auxins, thereby releasing the free active form of hormones. herein, the potential role of the two conserved cys residues of brill2 (at sequence positions 139 and 320) has been investigated by using interdisciplinary approaches and methods of molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics and molecular modelling. the obtained results show that both cys ...201626959939
oxygen dependency of germinating brassica seeds.establishing plants in space, moon or mars requires adaptation to altered conditions, including reduced pressure and composition of atmospheres. to determine the oxygen requirements for seed germination, we imbibed brassica rapa seeds under varying oxygen concentrations and profiled the transcription patterns of genes related to early metabolism such as starch degradation, glycolysis, and fermentation. we also analyzed the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), ...201626948011
estimating selection through male fitness: three complementary methods illuminate the nature and causes of selection on flowering time.our understanding of selection through male fitness is limited by the resource demands and indirect nature of the best available genetic techniques. applying complementary, independent approaches to this problem can help clarify evolution through male function. we applied three methods to estimate selection on flowering time through male fitness in experimental populations of the annual plant brassica rapa: (i) an analysis of mating opportunity based on flower production schedules, (ii) genetic ...201626911957
analysis of root growth from a phenotyping data set using a density-based model.major research efforts are targeting the improved performance of root systems for more efficient use of water and nutrients by crops. however, characterizing root system architecture (rsa) is challenging, because roots are difficult objects to observe and analyse. a model-based analysis of rsa traits from phenotyping image data is presented. the model can successfully back-calculate growth parameters without the need to measure individual roots. the mathematical model uses partial differential e ...201626880747
epigenetic regulation of subgenome dominance following whole genome triplication in brassica rapa.subgenome dominance is an important phenomenon observed in allopolyploids after whole genome duplication, in which one subgenome retains more genes as well as contributes more to the higher expressing gene copy of paralogous genes. to dissect the mechanism of subgenome dominance, we systematically investigated the relationships of gene expression, transposable element (te) distribution and small rna targeting, relating to the multicopy paralogous genes generated from whole genome triplication in ...201626871271
genetic characterization of inbred lines of chinese cabbage by dna markers; towards the application of dna markers to breeding of f1 hybrid cultivars.chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. var. pekinensis) is an important vegetable in asia, and most japanese commercial cultivars of chinese cabbage use an f1 hybrid seed production system. self-incompatibility is successfully used for the production of f1 hybrid seeds in b. rapa vegetables to avoid contamination by non-hybrid seeds, and the strength of self-incompatibility is important for harvesting a highly pure f1 seeds. prediction of agronomically important traits such as disease resistance base ...201626862564
class-specific evolution and transcriptional differentiation of 14-3-3 family members in mesohexaploid brassica rapa.14-3-3s are highly conserved, multigene family proteins that have been implicated in modulating various biological processes. the presence of inherent polyploidy and genome complexity has limited the identification and characterization of 14-3-3 proteins from globally important brassica crops. through data mining of brassica rapa, the model brassica genome, we identified 21 members encoding 14-3-3 proteins namely, braa.grf14.a to braa.grf14.u. phylogenetic analysis indicated that b. rapa contain ...201626858736
genome-wide identification, classification, and analysis of nadp-me family members from 12 crucifer species.nadp-dependent malic enzymes (nadp-mes) play essential roles in both normal development and stress responses in plants. here, genome-wide analysis was performed to identify 65 putative nadp-me genes from 12 crucifer species. these nadp-me genes were grouped into five categories of syntenic orthologous genes and were divided into three clades of a phylogenic tree. promoter motif analysis showed that nadp-me1 genes in group iv were more conserved with each other than the other nadp-me genes in gro ...201626839002
a new combined green method for 2-chlorophenol removal using cross-linked brassica rapa peroxidase in silicone oil.this study proposes a new technique to treat waste air containing 2-chlorophenol (2-cp), namely an integrated process coupling absorption of the compound in an organic liquid phase and its enzymatic degradation. silicone oil (47v20) was used as an organic absorbent to allow the volatile organic compound (voc) transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase followed by its degradation by means of cross-linked brassica rapa peroxidase (brp) contained in the organic phase. an evaluation of silicone ...201626802263
genetic architecture, biochemical underpinnings and ecological impact of floral uv patterning.floral attraction traits can significantly affect pollinator visitation patterns, but adaptive evolution of these traits may be constrained by correlations with other traits. in some cases, molecular pathways contributing to floral attraction are well characterized, offering the opportunity to explore loci potentially underlying variation among individuals. here, we quantify the range of variation in floral uv patterning (i.e. uv 'bulls-eye nectar guides) among crop and wild accessions of brassi ...201626800256
cloning and characterization of the nicotianamine synthase gene in eruca vesicaria subsp sativa.nicotianamine (na) is a ubiquitous metabolite in plants that bind heavy metals, is crucial for metal homeostasis, and is also an important metal chelator that facilitates long-distance metal transport and sequestration. na synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme nicotianamine synthase (nas). eruca vesicaria subsp sativa is highly tolerant to ni, pb, and zn. in this study, a gene encoding evnas was cloned and characterized in e. vesicaria subsp sativa. the full-length evnas cdna sequence contained a ...201526782459
antioxidant capacities and polyphenolics of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) leaves.chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) is a green leafy vegetable used mainly in kimchi, salted and fermented dishes. consumer preference for the leaf portion differs according to the type of dishes. in this study, chinese cabbage was divided into three parts, and their antioxidant activities were investigated through in vitro assays. the total phenolic contents (tpc), total flavonoid contents (tfc), and vitamin c contents were also determined as indicators of antioxidant contents. t ...201626776015
retention, molecular evolution, and expression divergence of the auxin/indole acetic acid and auxin response factor gene families in brassica rapa shed light on their evolution patterns in plants.auxin/indole acetic acids (aux/iaas) and auxin response factors (arfs), major components of the aux signaling network, are involved in many developmental processes in plants. investigating their evolution will provide new sight on the relationship between the molecular evolution of these genes and the increasing morphotypes of plants. we constructed comparative analyses of the retention, structure, expansion, and expression patterns of aux/iaas and arfs in brassica rapa and their evolution in ei ...201526721260
production of glucosinolates, phenolic compounds and associated gene expression profiles of hairy root cultures in turnip (brassica rapa ssp. rapa).turnip (brassica rapa ssp. rapa) is an important vegetable crop producing glucosinolates (gsls) and phenolic compounds. the gsls, phenolic compound contents and transcript levels in hairy root cultures, as well as their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity were studied in turnip. transgenic hairy root lines were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription-pcr. gsls levels (glucoallysin, glucobrassicanapin, gluconasturtiin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobr ...201628330247
anthocyanin accumulation, antioxidant ability and stability, and a transcriptional analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis).heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) is a significant dietary vegetable for its edible heading leaves in asia countries. the new purple anthocyanin-rich pure line (11s91) was successfully bred, and the anthocyanins were mainly distributed in 2-3 cell layers beneath the leaf epidermis, whereas siliques and stems accumulated only a cell layer of anthocyanins. the anthocyanins of 11s91 were more stable at phs below 3.0 and temperatures below 45 °c. the total antioxidant abilit ...201626709726
snp diversity within and among brassica rapa accessions reveals no geographic differentiation.genetic diversity was studied in a collection of 61 accessions of brassica rapa, which were mostly oil-type turnip rapes but also included two oil-type subsp. dichotoma and five subsp. trilocularis accessions, as well as three leaf-type subspecies (subsp. japonica, pekinensis, and chinensis) and five turnip cultivars (subsp. rapa). two-hundred and nine snp markers, which had been discovered by amplicon resequencing, were used to genotype 893 plants from the b. rapa collection using illumina bead ...201626694015
cerium oxide nanoparticles and bulk cerium oxide leading to different physiological and biochemical responses in brassica rapa.cerium oxide nanoparticles (ceo2nps) have been incorporated into many commercial products, and their potential release into the environment through the use and disposal of these products has caused serious concerns. despite the previous efforts and rapid progress on elucidating the environmental impact of ceo2nps, the long-term impact of ceo2nps to plants, a key component of the ecosystem, is still not well understood. the potentially different impact of ceo2nps and their bulk counterparts to pl ...201626691446
quantitative trait locus analysis of seed germination and seedling vigor in brassica rapa reveals qtl hotspots and epistatic interactions.the genetic basis of seed germination and seedling vigor is largely unknown in brassica species. we performed a study to evaluate the genetic basis of these important traits in a b. rapa doubled haploid population from a cross of a yellow-seeded oil-type yellow sarson and a black-seeded vegetable-type pak choi. we identified 26 qtl regions across all 10 linkage groups for traits related to seed weight, seed germination and seedling vigor under non-stress and salt stress conditions illustrating t ...201526648948
increased susceptibility to fungal disease accompanies adaptation to drought in brassica rapa.recent studies have demonstrated adaptive evolutionary responses to climate change, but little is known about how these responses may influence ecological interactions with other organisms, including natural enemies. we used a resurrection experiment in the greenhouse to examine the effect of evolutionary responses to drought on the susceptibility of brassica rapa plants to a fungal pathogen, alternaria brassicae. in agreement with previous studies in this population, we found an evolutionary sh ...201626648585
variation in the flowering time orthologs brflc and brsoc1 in a natural population of brassica rapa.understanding the genetic basis of natural phenotypic variation is of great importance, particularly since selection can act on this variation to cause evolution. we examined expression and allelic variation in candidate flowering time loci in brassica rapa plants derived from a natural population and showing a broad range in the timing of first flowering. the loci of interest were orthologs of the arabidopsis genes flc and soc1 (brflc and brsoc1, respectively), which in arabidopsis play a centr ...201526644966
selection during crop diversification involves correlated evolution of the circadian clock and ecophysiological traits in brassica rapa.crop selection often leads to dramatic morphological diversification, in which allocation to the harvestable component increases. shifts in allocation are predicted to impact (as well as rely on) physiological traits; yet, little is known about the evolution of gas exchange and related anatomical features during crop diversification. in brassica rapa, we tested for physiological differentiation among three crop morphotypes (leaf, turnip, and oilseed) and for correlated evolution of circadian, ga ...201626618783
analysis of genomic dna methylation and gene expression in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) after continuous seedling breeding.vernalization plays a key role in the bolting and flowering of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis). plants can switch from vegetative to reproductive growth and then bolt and flower under low temperature induction. the economic benefits of chinese cabbage will decline significantly when the bolting happens before the vegetative body fully grows due to a lack of the edible value. it was found that continuous seedling breeding reduced the heading of chinese cabbage and led to bolt a ...201526601490
functional divergence of bak1 genes from brassica rapa in regulating plant architecture.bak1 is a co-receptor of bri1 in early signaling pathways mediated by brassinosteroids (brs) and is thought to play a major role in plant growth and development. as the role of bak1 has not yet been fully elucidated then further research is required to explore its potential for use in genetic modification to improve crops. in this study, three bak1 genes from the amphidiploid species brassica rapa were isolated and their kinase functions were predicted following dna sequence analysis. a bioinfor ...201526600518
genome-wide analysis of the sbp-box gene family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis).the squamosa promoter binding protein (sbp)-box gene family contains highly conserved plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in plant development, especially in flowering. chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) is a leafy vegetable grown worldwide and is used as a model crop for research in genome duplication. the present study aimed to characterize the sbp-box transcription factor genes in chinese cabbage. twenty-nine sbp-box genes were identified in the chi ...201526599708
the causes of selection on flowering time through male fitness in a hermaphroditic annual plant.flowering is a key life-history event whose timing almost certainly affects both male and female fitness, but tests of selection on flowering time through male fitness are few. such selection may arise from direct effects of flowering time, and indirect effects through covariance between flowering time and the environment experienced during reproduction. to isolate these intrinsically correlated associations, we staggered planting dates of brassica rapa families with known flowering times, creat ...201626596860
the mirnas and their regulatory networks responsible for pollen abortion in ogura-cms chinese cabbage revealed by high-throughput sequencing of mirnas, degradomes, and transcriptomes.chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most important vegetables in asia and is cultivated across the world. ogura-type cytoplasmic male sterility (ogura-cms) has been widely used in the hybrid breeding industry for chinese cabbage and many other cruciferous vegetables. although, the cause of ogura-cms has been localized to the orf138 locus in the mitochondrial genome, however, the mechanism by which nuclear genes respond to the mutation of the mitochondrial orf138 locus i ...201526557132
genome-wide analysis and expression patterns of zf-hd transcription factors under different developmental tissues and abiotic stresses in chinese cabbage.the zf-hd gene family plays an important role in plant developmental processes and stress responses. however, the function of the zf-hd genes in chinese cabbage remains largely unknown. chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is a member of one of the most important leaf vegetables grown worldwide. the entire chinese cabbage genome sequence has been determined, and more than forty thousand proteins have been identified to date. in this study, 31 zf-hd genes were identified in chinese cab ...201626546019
impacts of whole-genome triplication on mirna evolution in brassica rapa.micrornas (mirnas) are a class of short non-coding, endogenous rnas that play essential roles in eukaryotes. although the influence of whole-genome triplication (wgt) on protein-coding genes has been well documented in brassica rapa, little is known about its impacts on mirnas. in this study, through generating a comprehensive annotation of 680 mirnas for b. rapa, we analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of these mirnas from different aspects in b. rapa. first, while mirnas and genes show si ...201526527651
a systems genetics approach identifies gene regulatory networks associated with fatty acid composition in brassica rapa seed.fatty acids in seeds affect seed germination and seedling vigor, and fatty acid composition determines the quality of seed oil. in this study, quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping of fatty acid and transcript abundance was integrated with gene network analysis to unravel the genetic regulation of seed fatty acid composition in a brassica rapa doubled haploid population from a cross between a yellow sarson oil type and a black-seeded pak choi. the distribution of major qtls for fatty acids show ...201626518343
dissecting the complex molecular evolution and expression of polygalacturonase gene family in brassica rapa ssp. chinensis.polygalacturonases (pgs) participate in pectin disassembly of cell wall and belong to one of the largest hydrolase families in plants. in this study, we identified 99 pg genes in brassica rapa. comprehensive analysis of phylogeny, gene structures, physico-chemical properties and coding sequence evolution demonstrated that plant pgs should be classified into seven divergent clades and each clade's members had specific sequence and structure characteristics, and/or were under specific selection pr ...201526506823
genome-wide identification, classification, and expression analysis of shsp genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp pekinensis).small heat shock proteins (shsps) are essential for the plant's normal development and stress responses, especially the heat stress response. the information regarding shsp genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp pekinensis) is sparse, hence we performed a genome-wide analysis to identify shsp genes in this species. we identified 26 non-redundant shsp genes distributed on all chromosomes, except chromosome a7, with one additional shsp gene identified from an expressed sequence tag library. c ...201526505345
characterization and development of est-ssrs by deep transcriptome sequencing in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis).simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are among the most important markers for population analysis and have been widely used in plant genetic mapping and molecular breeding. expressed sequence tag-ssr (est-ssr) markers, located in the coding regions, are potentially more efficient for qtl mapping, gene targeting, and marker-assisted breeding. in this study, we investigated 51,694 nonredundant unigenes, assembled from clean reads from deep transcriptome sequencing with a solexa/illumina platform, for id ...201526504770
genome-wide dna methylation profiling by modified reduced representation bisulfite sequencing in brassica rapa suggests that epigenetic modifications play a key role in polyploid genome evolution.brassica rapa includes some of the most important vegetables worldwide as well as oilseed crops. the complete annotated genome sequence confirmed its paleohexaploid origins and provides opportunities for exploring the detailed process of polyploid genome evolution. we generated a genome-wide dna methylation profile for b. rapa using a modified reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (rrbs) method. this sampling represented 2.24% of all cg loci (2.5 × 10(5)), 2.16% chg (2.7 × 10(5)), and 1.68 ...201526500672
optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from brassica rapa l.the root of brassica rapa l. has been traditionally used as a uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by uyghur nationality in xinjiang uygur autonomous region of china. in the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of b. rapa l. (brp) were investigated. the optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude brp were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°c ...201626499088
glucosinolate accumulation and related gene expression in pak choi (brassica rapa l. ssp. chinensis var. communis [n. tsen & s.h. lee] hanelt) in response to insecticide application.glucosinolates and their breakdown products are well-known for their cancer-chemoprotective functions and biocidal activities against pathogens and generalist herbivores. insecticides are commonly used in the production of pak choi (brassica rapa l. ssp. chinensis var. communis [n. tsen & s.h. lee] hanelt). we studied the effects of four commonly used insecticides, namely, β-cypermethrin, acephate, pymetrozine, and imidacloprid, on glucosinolate metabolism in pak choi. all insecticides significa ...201526485123
the high-throughput sequencing of small rnas profiling in wide hybridisation and allopolyploidisation between brassica rapa and brassica nigra.small rnas play an important role in maintaining the genome reconstruction and stability in the plant. however, little is known regarding the role of small rnas during the process of wide hybridisation and chromosome doubling. therefore, the changes in the small rnas were assessed during the formation of an allodiploid (genome: ab) and its allotetraploid (genome: aabb) between brassica rapa (♀) and brassica nigra (♂) in the present study. here, the experimental methods described in details, rna- ...201526484138
management of yellowmargined leaf beetle microtheca ochroloma (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) using turnip as a trap crop.the yellowmargined leaf beetle, microtheca ochroloma stål, is a major pest of cruciferous vegetable crops in organic production systems. very few organically acceptable management options are currently available for this pest. field studies were conducted at a research station in alabama and at a commercial organic vegetable farm in florida to investigate the effectiveness of turnip, brassica rapa rapa, as a trap crop for m. ochroloma. in the research station trial with cabbage planted as the ca ...201526470380
how different genetically manipulated brassica genotypes affect life table parameters of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae).the fitness of plutella xylostella l. on different genetically manipulated brassica plants, including canola's progenitor (brassica rapa l.), two cultivated canola cultivars (opera and rgs003), one hybrid (hyula401), one gamma-ray mutant-rgs003, and one transgenic (pf) genotype was compared using two-sex and female-based life table parameters. all experiments were conducted in a growth chamber at 25±1°c, 65±5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (l:d) h. there were significant differenc ...201526470162
generation and characterization of brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis - b. oleracea var. capitata monosomic and disomic alien addition lines.five monosomic alien addition lines (maals) of brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis - b. oleracea var. capitata were obtained by hybridization and backcrossing between b. rapa ssp. pekinensis (female parent) and b. oleracea var. capitata. the alien linkage groups were identified using 42 b. oleracea var. capitata linkage group-specific markers as b. oleracea linkage groups c2, c3, c6, c7 and c8. based on the chromosomal karyotype of root tip cells, these five maals added individual chromosomes from b. ...201526440082
gdsl esterase/lipase genes in brassica rapa l.: genome-wide identification and expression analysis.gdsl esterase/lipase proteins (gelps), a very large subfamily of lipolytic enzymes, have been identified in microbes and many plants, but only a few have been characterized with respect to their roles in growth, development, and stress responses. in brassica crops, as in many other species, genome-wide systematic analysis and functional studies of these genes are still lacking. as a first step to study their function in b. rapa ssp. pekinensis (chinese cabbage), we comprehensively identified all ...201626423069
comprehensive analysis of the flowering genes in chinese cabbage and examination of evolutionary pattern of co-like genes in plant kingdom.in plants, flowering is the most important transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. the flowering patterns of monocots and eudicots are distinctly different, but few studies have described the evolutionary patterns of the flowering genes in them. in this study, we analysed the evolutionary pattern, duplication and expression level of these genes. the main results were as follows: (i) characterization of flowering genes in monocots and eudicots, including the identification of family-sp ...201526416765
[effect of genotype and medium culture content on microspore-derived embryo formation in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) cv. lastochka].the influence of different factors on microspore embryogenesis in chinese cabbage (b. rapa ssp. chinensis) was studied. a genotype dependence for embryo formation was observed. the majority of embryos and plants were obtained from microspores isolated from flower buds (2-2.9 mm in length) and cultured in the nln liquid medium with 13% sucrose (w/v) supplemented with 24-epibrassinolide and 1% activated charcoal. embryos cultured on the 1/2 murashige-skoog culture medium with 2% sucrose (w/v), 0.1 ...201626415277
heritability of floral volatiles and pleiotropic responses to artificial selection in brassica rapa.the evolution of the vast diversity of floral volatiles is little understood, although they serve fundamental functions, such as pollinator attraction and herbivore deterrence. floral volatiles are often species specific, yet highly variable and sensitive to environmental factors. to date, nothing is known about the heritability of floral volatiles, and whether individual compounds can evolve independently or solely in concert with the whole volatile bouquet. we conducted bi-directional artifici ...201626391626
integrative analysis of mrna and mirna expression profiles of the tuberous root development at seedling stages in turnips.the tuberous root of brassica rapa l. (turnip) is an important modified organ for nutrition storage. a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the process of tuberous root development is of great value in both economic and biological context. in this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of both mrnas and mirnas in tuberous roots at an early stage before cortex splitting (es), cortex splitting stage (css), and secondary root thickening stage (rts) in turnip based on hig ...201526367742
herbaspirillum sp. strain gw103 alleviates salt stress in brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis.mutual interactions between plant and rhizosphere bacteria facilitate plant growth and reduce risks of biotic and abiotic stresses. the present study demonstrates alleviation of salt stress in brassica rapa l. ssp. perkinensis (chinese cabbage) by herbaspirillum sp. strain gw103 isolated from rhizosphere soil of phragmites australis. the strain was capable of producing plant beneficial factors, such as auxin, siderophore, and 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. treatment of strain gw ...201626358119
tuning growth cycles of brassica crops via natural antisense transcripts of brflc.several oilseed and vegetable crops of brassica are biennials that require a prolonged winter cold for flowering, a process called vernalization. flowering locus c (flc) is a central repressor of flowering. here, we report that the overexpression of natural antisense transcripts (nats) of brassica rapa flc (brflc) greatly shortens plant growth cycles. in rapid-, medium- and slow-cycling crop types, there are four copies of the brflc genes, which show extensive variation in sequences and expressi ...201626250982
leaf and root glucosinolate profiles of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) as a systemic response to methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation.glucosinolates (gss) are an important group of defensive phytochemicals mainly found in brassicaceae. plant hormones jasmonic acid (ja) and salicylic acid (sa) are major regulators of plant response to pathogen attack. however, there is little information about the interactive effect of both elicitors on inducing gs biosynthesis in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). in this study, we applied different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (meja) and/or sa onto the leaf and root of chi ...201526238545
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