| mapping of isolate-specific qtls for clubroot resistance in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis). | a number of clubroot resistant (cr) chinese cabbage cultivars have been developed in japan using resistant genes from cr european fodder turnips (b. rapa ssp. rapifera). clubroot resistance in european fodder turnips are known to be controlled by the combined action of several dominant resistance genes. we have developed three chinese cabbage clubroot-resistant doubled haploid (dh) lines--t136-8, k10, and c9--which express resistance in different manners against two isolates of plasmodiophora br ... | 2008 | 18612625 |
| plant phenolics affect oxidation of tryptophan. | the effect of berry phenolics such as anthocyanins, ellagitannins, and proanthocyanidins from raspberry (rubus idaeus), black currant (ribes nigrum), and cranberry (vaccinium oxycoccus) and byproducts of deoiling processes rich in phenolics such as rapeseed (brassica rapa l.), camelina (camelina sativa), and soy (glycine max l.) as well as scots pine bark (pinus sylvestris) was investigated in an h2o2-oxidized tryptophan (trp) solution. the oxidation of trp was analyzed with high-performance liq ... | 2008 | 18646765 |
| alternative transcription initiation of the nitrilase gene (brnit2) caused by infection with plasmodiophora brassicae woron. in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.). | in clubroot disease, gall formation is induced by infection with the obligate biotroph plasmodiophora brassicae, and cell hypertrophy is dependent on increased auxin levels. the enzyme nitrilase is suggested to play an important role in auxin biosynthesis in plants. here, we investigated the expression of nitrilase genes in clubroot disease in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.). we isolated four isogenes of nitrilase (brnit1, brnit2, brnit3, and brnit4) from chinese cabbage. when a brnit2-specif ... | 2008 | 18726557 |
| broadening the genetic basis of verticillium longisporum resistance in brassica napus by interspecific hybridization. | abstract verticillium wilt caused by the vascular fungal pathogen verticillium longisporum is one of the most important pathogens of oilseed rape (brassica napus sp. oleifera) in northern europe. because production of this major oilseed crop is expanding rapidly and no approved fungicides are available for v. longisporum, long-term control of the disease can only be achieved with cultivars carrying effective quantitative resistance. however, very little resistance to v. longisporum is available ... | 2007 | 18943507 |
| diversity, distribution and role of wild crucifers in major cabbage and kale growing areas of kenya. | an investigation of the diversity and distribution of wild crucifer species and their importance for cultivated crucifers was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in the highland and mid-altitude semi-arid areas of kenya. thirteen species of wild crucifers in nine genera were recorded: raphanus raphanistrum, erucastrum arabicum, sisymbrium officinale, crambe kilimandscharica, capsella bursa-pastoris, rorippa nudiuscula, ro. micrantha, ro. microphylla, lepidium bonariense, coronopus didymus, brassica r ... | 2009 | 19063754 |
| auxin amidohydrolases from brassica rapa cleave the alanine conjugate of indolepropionic acid as a preferable substrate: a biochemical and modeling approach. | two auxin amidohydrolases, briar3 and brill2, from chinese cabbage [brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis (lour.) hanelt] were produced by heterologous expression in escherichia coli, purified, and screened for activity towards n-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-l-alanine (iaa-ala) and the long-chain auxin-amino acid conjugates, n-[3-(indol-3-yl)propionyl]-l-alanine (ipa-ala) and n-[4-(indol-3-yl)butyryl]-l-alanine (iba-ala). ipa-ala was shown to be the favored substrate of both enzymes, but brill2 was approximate ... | 2009 | 19602499 |
| phytochemical changes induced by different nitrogen supply forms and radiation levels in two leafy brassica species. | the effect of three different nitrogen (n) supply forms differing in their ammonium-to-nitrate (nh(4):no(3)) ratio (100% nh(4), 50% nh(4) + 50% no(3), 100% no(3)) under three different levels of daily photosynthetic active radiation (par) (low, 5.0; medium, 6.8; high, 9.0 mol m(-2) day(-1)) on a range of desirable health-promoting phytochemicals in brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica var. chinoleifera and brassica juncea was determined. the 100% nh(4) supply under medium par levels led to the highe ... | 2011 | 21395334 |
| overexpression of brmorn, a novel 'membrane occupation and recognition nexus' motif protein gene from chinese cabbage, promotes vegetative growth and seed production in arabidopsis. | proteins that contain membrane occupation and recognition nexus (morn) motifs regulate various aspects of cellular metabolism by localizing proteins in different cellular organelles. the full-length brassica rapa morn motif protein (brmorn) cdna consists of 1,510 bp encoding 502 deduced amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 55.8 kda and an isoelectric point of 9.72. brmorn is a novel protein composed of two n-terminal transmembrane helices and seven c-terminal morn motifs and it appears ... | 2010 | 20016940 |
| simultaneous identification of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in a representative collection of vegetable brassica rapa. | brassica raparapa group is widely distributed and consumed in northwestern spain. the consumption of brassica vegetables has been related to human health due to their phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds that induce a variety of physiological functions including antioxidant activity, enzymes regulation and apoptosis control and the cell cycle. for first time in brassica crops, intact glucosinolates and phenolic compounds were simultaneously identified and characterized. ... | 2009 | 19683241 |
| assessment of genetic diversity of accessions in brassicaceae genetic resources by frequency distribution analysis of s haplotypes. | plant genetic resources are important sources of genetic variation for improving crop varieties as breeding materials. conservation of such resources of allogamous species requires maintenance of the genetic diversity within each accession to avoid inbreeding depression and loss of rare alleles. for assessment of genetic diversity in the self-incompatibility locus (s locus), which is critically involved in the chance of mating, we developed a dot-blot genotyping method for self-incompatibility ( ... | 2010 | 20039015 |
| uptake of human pharmaceuticals by plants grown under hydroponic conditions. | cabbage (brassica rapa var. pekinensis) and wisconsin fast plants (brassica rapa) were chosen for a proof of concept study to determine the potential uptake and accumulation of human pharmaceuticals by plants. these plants were grown hydroponically under high-pressure sodium lamps in one of two groups including a control and test group exposed to pharmaceuticals. the control plants were irrigated with a recirculating hoagland's nutrient solution while the test plants were irrigated with a hoagla ... | 2010 | 20096438 |
| s-glycoprotein-like protein regulates defense responses in nicotiana plants against ralstonia solanacearum. | rsrga4 (for ralstonia solanacearum-responsive gene a4) encodes a polypeptide similar to s-locus glycoprotein (sgp) from brassica rapa and sgp-like proteins from ipomoea trifida and medicago truncatula. therefore, we designated rsrga4 as ntsglp (for nicotiana tabacum sgp-like protein) and nbsglp (its nicotiana benthamiana ortholog). nbsglp is expressed in root, leaf, petal, gynoecium, and stamen. expression of nbsglp was strongly induced by inoculation with an avirulent strain of r. solanacearum ... | 2010 | 20118275 |
| an insertional mutagenesis system for analyzing the chinese cabbage genome using agrobacterium t-dna. | in this study, we applied insertional mutagenesis using agrobacterium transfer dna to functionally characterize the gene of brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis. the specific objectives were to: (i) develop and apply a gene tagging system using plasmid rescue and inverse pcr, (ii) select and analyze mutant lines, and (iii) analyze the phenotypic characteristics of mutants. a total of 3,400 insertional mutant lines were obtained from the chinese cabbage cultivar, 'seoul', using optimized condition. p ... | 2010 | 20195907 |
| a comparative study of human health risks via consumption of food crops grown on wastewater irrigated soil (peshawar) and relatively clean water irrigated soil (lower dir). | food crops irrigated with wastewater are mostly contaminated with heavy metals and considered as a main pathway for human exposure. in this study, soil and food crops samples were collected from wastewater irrigated soils, background and relatively less polluted areas. results of the sequential extraction and total metals concentrations in soils indicated that wastewater irrigation has significantly increased (p > or = 0.001) the bioavailable and total metal contents in wastewater irrigated soil ... | 2010 | 20399016 |
| genetic relationships among turnip (brassica rapa var. rapa) genotypes. | turnip (brassica rapa var. rapa) is one of the main vegetables consumed by people living in eastern anatolia in turkey. in this region, farmers obtain their own seeds for production, which results in considerable morphological variability. we examined the genetic variation and relationships among 11 turnip genotypes sampled from diverse environments of the erzurum region located in eastern anatolia in turkey. thirty-two operon rapd primers were screened; among them, 20 gave reproducible and clea ... | 2010 | 20506086 |
| increase in brao1 gene expression and aldehyde oxidase activity during clubroot development in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.). | summary in clubroot disease, gall formation is induced by infection with the obligate biotroph plasmodiophora brassicae due to increased levels of auxins and cytokinins. because aldehyde oxidase (ao) may be involved in auxin biosynthesis in plants, we isolated two ao genes (brao1 and brao2) from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis cv. muso), which are the most similar to aao1 among arabidopsis ao genes, and examined their expressions during clubroot development. the expression of brao ... | 2006 | 20507442 |
| molecular cloning of brassica rapa nitrilases and their expression during clubroot development. | summary three isoforms of nitrilase were cloned from turnip, brassica rapa l., and their expression during clubroot development caused by plasmodiophora brassicae was investigated. the isoforms were designated brnit-t1, brnit-t2 and brnit-t4 based on homology to known nitrilases. brnit-t1 and brnit-t2 have 80% homology to three nitrilases from arabidopsis thaliana (atnit1, atnit2 and atnit3). brnit-t4 showed 90% homology to atnit4. to confirm their enzyme activity, the recombinant proteins were ... | 2007 | 20507526 |
| suppressive effect of yamato-mana (brassica rapa l. oleifera group) constituent 3-butenyl glucosinolate (gluconapin) on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in mice. | we examined the bioactivity of yamato-mana (brassica rapa l. oleifera group) constituent glucosinolates and found that 3-butenyl glucosinolate (gluconapin) decreased the plasma triglyceride gain induced by corn oil administration to mice. however, phenethyl glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin) had little effect. 2-propenyl glucosinolate (sinigrin) also reduced the plasma triglyceride level, which suggests that alkenyl glucosinolates might be promising agents to prevent postprandial hypertriglyceridem ... | 2010 | 20530888 |
| novel self-compatible lines of brassica rapa l. isolated from the japanese bulk-populations. | self-incompatibility (si) in brassicaceae is sporophytically controlled by a single s-locus with multi allelic variety. the male s determinant, sp11/scr (s-locus protein 11/s-locus cysteine-rich protein), is a small cysteine-rich protein, and the female s determinant, srk (s-locus receptor kinase), functions as a receptor for sp11 at the surface of stigma papilla cells. although a few of the following downstream factors in the sp11-srk signaling cascade have been identified, a comprehensive unde ... | 2010 | 20558895 |
| the rapidly evolving centromere-specific histone has stringent functional requirements in arabidopsis thaliana. | centromeres control chromosome inheritance in eukaryotes, yet their dna structure and primary sequence are hypervariable. most animals and plants have megabases of tandem repeats at their centromeres, unlike yeast with unique centromere sequences. centromere function requires the centromere-specific histone cenh3 (cenp-a in human), which replaces histone h3 in centromeric nucleosomes. cenh3 evolves rapidly, particularly in its n-terminal tail domain. a portion of the cenh3 histone-fold domain, t ... | 2010 | 20628040 |
| turnip mosaic virus (tumv) is able to use alleles of both eif4e and eif(iso)4e from multiple loci of the diploid brassica rapa. | three copies of eif4e and three copies of eif(iso)4e have been identified and sequenced from a turnip mosaic virus (tumv)-susceptible, inbred, diploid brassica rapa line, r-o-18. one of the copies of eif4e lacked exons 2 and 3 and appeared to be a pseudogene. the two other copies of eif4e and two of the three copies of eif(iso)4e were isolated from a bacterial artificial chromosome library of r-o-18. using an arabidopsis line (col-0::dspm) with a transposon knock-out of the eif(iso)4e gene which ... | 2010 | 20672877 |
| screening of dried plant seed extracts for adiponectin production activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitory activity on 3t3-l1 adipocytes. | to search for dried plant seeds with potent anti-diabetes activity, we conducted a large scale screening for inhibitory activity on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and facilitating activity on adiponectin production in vitro. these activities in 3t3-l1 adipocytes were screened from ethanol extracts of 20 kinds of dried plant seed marketed in japan. komatsuna (brassica rapa var. perviridis), common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), qing geng cai (brassica rapa var. chinensis), green soybean (glycine max) ... | 2010 | 20717728 |
| chalcone glycosides isolated from aerial parts of brassica rapa l. 'hidabeni' suppress antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia rbl-2h3 cells. | we isolated three chalcone glycosides along with other glycoside constituents from the aerial parts of brassica rapa l. 'hidabeni' and examined the effects of these compounds on the antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia rbl-2h3 cells. treatments with both 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone (c1) and 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3',4-dimethoxychalcone (c2) markedly inhibited antigen (ag)-stimulated degranulation. to gain further insight into the inhibitory mechan ... | 2010 | 20801664 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of the putative nuclear transport factor 2 (ntf2) gene from moss conocephalum conicum(l.) dum. | biomacromolecules import into the nucleus is a complex progress which requires the participation of several cytosolic factors, and nuclear transport factor 2 (ntf2) is one of essential components in nuclear trafficking. its main role is to transport rangdp from cytoplasm to nucleus by interacting with fxfg nucleoporin repeats. in the study a putative new gene, designated as ccntf2, was obtained from the moss (conocephalum conicum) cdna library we have constructed. the full-length cdna sequence i ... | 2011 | 20857212 |
| a novel detection system for the genetically modified canola (brassica rapa) line rt73. | the herbicide-tolerant genetically modified roundup ready canola (brassica napus) line rt73 has been approved worldwide for use in animal feed and human food. however, rt73 brassica rapa lines derived from interspecific crosses with rt73 b. napus have not been approved in japan. here, we report on a novel system using individual kernel analyses for the qualitative detection of rt73 b. rapa in canola grain samples. we developed a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to discrimi ... | 2010 | 21049930 |
| growth and development of brassica genotypes differing in endogenous gibberellin content. ii. gibberellin content, growth analyses and cell size. | three rapid cycling brassica rapa genotypes were grown in greenhouse conditions to investigate the possible relationships between endogenous gibberellin (ga) content and shoot growth. endogenous ga(1) ga(3) and ga(20) were extracted from stem samples harvested at 3 weekly intervals and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring, using [(2) h(2) ]-ga(1) and [(2) h(2) ]-ga(20) as quantitative internal standards. during the first 2 weeks, ga levels of the dwarf, r ... | 1990 | 21087279 |
| three homologous genes encoding sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 exhibit different expression patterns and functional divergence in brassica napus. | brassica napus is an allotetraploid (aacc) formed from the fusion of two diploid progenitors, brassica rapa (aa) and brassica oleracea (cc). polyploidy and genome-wide rearrangement during the evolution process have resulted in genes that are present as multiple homologs in the b. napus genome. in this study, three b. napus homologous genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum-bound sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 (gpat4) were identified and characterized. although the three gpat4 homologs s ... | 2010 | 21173024 |
| genomics of biotrophic, plant-infecting plasmodiophorids using in vitro dual cultures. | the plasmodiophorids are a phylogenetically distinct group of parasitic protists that infect plants and stramenopiles, causing several important agricultural diseases. because of the obligate intracellular part of their lifecycle, none of the plasmodiophorids has been axenically cultured. further, the molecular biology of the plasmodiophorids is poorly understood because pure cultures are not available from any species. we report on an in-vitro dual culture system of the plasmodiophorids plasmod ... | 2010 | 21183405 |
| excision and episomal replication of cauliflower mosaic virus integrated into a plant genome. | transgenic arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) plants containing a monomeric copy of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) genome exhibited the generation of infectious, episomally replicating virus. the circular viral genome had been split within the nonessential gene ii for integration into the arabidopsis genome by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. transgenic plants were assessed for episomal infections at flowering, seed set, and/or senescence. the infections were confirmed by ... | 2011 | 21278309 |
| inactivation of muxabc-opmb transporter system in pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to increased ampicillin and carbenicillin resistance and decreased virulence. | resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd) pumps play important roles in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important human pathogen which exhibits high level resistance to antibiotics. there are total of 12 rnd pumps present in the p. aeruginosa paol genome. the recently characterized muxabc-opmb system has been shown to play a role in resistance to novobiocin, aztreonam, macrolides, and tetracycline in a multiple knockout mutation. in this study, we examined the e ... | 2011 | 21369987 |
| characterization of cenh3 proteins and centromere-associated dna sequences in diploid and allotetraploid brassica species. | cenh3 is a centromere-specific histone h3 variant and has been used as a marker to identify active centromeres and dna sequences associated with functional centromere/kinetochore complexes. in this study, up to four distinct cenh3 (brcenh3) cdnas were identified in individuals of each of three diploid species of brassica. comparison of the brcenh3 cdnas implied three related gene families: brcenh3-a in brassica rapa (aa), brcenh3-b in b. nigra (bb), and brcenh3-c in b. oleracea (cc). each family ... | 2011 | 21394438 |
| isolation and characterization of a heme oxygenase-1 gene from chinese cabbage. | heme oxygenase-1 (ho1) is a heme-catabolizing enzyme induced by a variety of stress conditions. this article described the cloning and characterization of brho1 gene which codes for a putative ho1 from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis). brho1 consists of three exons and encodes a protein precursor of 32.3 kd with a putative n-terminal plastid transit peptide. the amino acid sequence of brho1 was 84% similar to arabidopsis counterpart hy1. the three-dimensional structure of brho1 ... | 2011 | 21505948 |
| identification of expressed genes during infection of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) by plasmodiophora brassicae. | abstract. plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate, biotrophic pathogen causing the club-root disease of crucifers. despite its importance as a plant pathogen, little is known about p. brassicae at the molecular level as most of its life cycle takes place inside the plant host, and axenic culturing is impossible. discovery of genes expressed during infection and gene organization are the first steps toward a better understanding of the pathogen-host interaction. here, suppression subtractive hybr ... | 2011 | 21518080 |
| transcriptional slippage and rna editing increase the diversity of transcripts in chloroplasts: insight from deep sequencing of vigna radiata genome and transcriptome. | we performed deep sequencing of the nuclear and organellar genomes of three mungbean genotypes: vigna radiata ssp. sublobata tc1966, v. radiata var. radiata nm92 and the recombinant inbred line ril59 derived from a cross between tc1966 and nm92. moreover, we performed deep sequencing of the ril59 transcriptome to investigate transcript variability. the mungbean chloroplast genome has a quadripartite structure including a pair of inverted repeats separated by two single copy regions. a total of 2 ... | 2015 | 26076132 |
| combinations of a host resistance gene and the ci gene of turnip mosaic virus differentially regulate symptom expression in brassica rapa cultivars. | in the pathosystem of brassica rapa and turnip mosaic virus (tumv), the type of symptoms expressed by susceptible plants are determined by the gene combinations between the host cultivar and virus strain. in this study, we found that the resistance reaction and symptoms such as systemic lethal necrosis, leaf malformation and mosaic were differentially determined, depending on the combinations of the genotypes for a host locus or two closely linked host loci and the viral ci gene. systemic necros ... | 2011 | 21625976 |
| identification of functional brfad2-1 gene encoding microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase from brassica rapa and development of brassica napus containing high oleic acid contents. | microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase (fad2) functions in the first committed step of the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids via the desaturation of oleic acid to linoleic acid. in this study, two fad2 genes were identified through genome-wide analysis of brassica rapa. one brfad2-1 gene harbors functional sequence information, but another brfad2-2 gene has mutations that generated a premature stop codon, rendering it nonfunctional. from a database of 120,000 b. rapa expressed seque ... | 2011 | 21647637 |
| cloning and characterization of boron transporters in brassica napus. | six full-length cdna encoding boron transporters (bor) were isolated from brassica napus (aacc) by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the phylogenic analysis revealed that the six bors were the orthologues of atbor1, which formed companying with the triplication and allotetra-ploidization process of b. napus, and were divided into three groups in b. napus. each group was comprised of two members, one of which was originated from brassica rapa (aa) and the other from brassica oleracea (cc). ... | 2011 | 21660474 |
| identification of the brrhp1 locus that confers resistance to downy mildew in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) and development of linked molecular markers. | inheritance of resistance to downy mildew (hyaloperonospora parasitica) in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) was studied using inbred parental lines rs1 and ss1 that display strong resistance and severe susceptibility, respectively. f(1), f(2), and bc(1)f(1) populations were evaluated for their responses to downy mildew infection. resistance to downy mildew was conditioned by a single dominant locus designated brrhp1. a random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) marker linked to brrhp ... | 2011 | 21814857 |
| seasonal effects on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of six economically important brassica vegetables. | research on natural and bioactive compounds is increasingly focused on their effects on human health, but there are unexpectedly few studies evaluating the relationship between climate and natural antioxidants. the aim of this study was analyze the biological role of six different brassica vegetables (brassica oleracea l. and brassica rapa l.) as a natural source of antioxidant compounds. the antioxidant activity may be assigned to high levels of l-ascorbic acid, total phenolics and total flavon ... | 2011 | 21832972 |
| identification and expression analysis of chitinase genes related to biotic stress resistance in brassica. | brassica is a very important vegetable group because of its contribution to human nutrition and consequent economic benefits. however, biotic stress is a major concern for these crops and molecular biology techniques offer the most efficient of approaches to address this concern. chitinase is an important biotic stress resistance-related gene. we identified three genes designated as brassica chitinase like protein (brclp1), brclp2 and brclp3 from a full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. o ... | 2011 | 21720758 |
| glucosinolate biosynthetic genes in brassica rapa. | glucosinolates (gs) are a group of amino acid-derived secondary metabolites found throughout the cruciferae family. glucosinolates and their degradation products play important roles in pathogen and insect interactions, as well as in human health. in order to elucidate the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway in brassica rapa, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of arabidopsis thaliana and b. rapa on a genome-wide level. we identified 102 putative genes in b. rapa as the orthologs of 52 gs g ... | 2011 | 21835231 |
| loss and retention of resistance genes in five species of the brassicaceae family. | plants have evolved disease resistance (r) genes encoding for nucleotide-binding site (nb) and leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins with n-terminals represented by either toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) or coiled-coil (cc) domains. here, a genome-wide study of presence and diversification of cc-nb-lrr and tir-nb-lrr encoding genes, and shorter domain combinations in 19 arabidopsis thaliana accessions and arabidopsis lyrata, capsella rubella, brassica rapa and eutrema salsugineum are presented. | 2014 | 25365911 |
| brad, the genetics and genomics database for brassica plants. | brassica species include both vegetable and oilseed crops, which are very important to the daily life of common human beings. meanwhile, the brassica species represent an excellent system for studying numerous aspects of plant biology, specifically for the analysis of genome evolution following polyploidy, so it is also very important for scientific research. now, the genome of brassica rapa has already been assembled, it is the time to do deep mining of the genome data. | 2011 | 21995777 |
| developmental responses of the diamondback moth parasitoid diadegma semiclausum (hellén) (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) to temperature and host plant species. | effects of constant rearing temperature and the plant species fed upon by its hosts were investigated for several developmental parameters of diadegma semiclausum (hellén), an important parasitoid of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). temperature had highly significant effects on all developmental parameters measured, and effects were usually both linear and quadratic with increasing temperature. host plant species, comprising brassica napus l., brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis and ... | 2011 | 22127052 |
| Brief report: genome sequence and construction of an infectious cDNA clone of Ribgrass mosaic virus from Chinese cabbage in Korea. | Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) has severely decreased the production and lowered quality of Chinese cabbage co-infected with Turnip mosaic virus (63.4%) in Korea. The complete genome sequence of RMV isolated from Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was determined. The full genome consisted of 6,304 nucleotides and showed sequence identities of 91.5-94.2% with the corresponding genome of other RMV strains. Full-length cDNA of RMV-Br was amplified by RT-PCR with a 5'-end primer harboring a T7 promoter sequ ... | 2011 | 22143325 |
| application of rhizosphere interaction of hyperaccumulator noccaea caerulescens to remediate cadmium-contaminated agricultural soil. | there is an urgent requirement for selecting appropriate technologies to solve food safety problems due to soil contamination. in this study, the hyperaccumulator noccaea caerulescens and a high cd accumulator pakchoi cultivar (brassica rapa l. spp. chinenesis cv.) were grown in a moderately cd-contaminated soil with three planting systems (monocrop, inter-crop, and crop-rotation) and three growing durations (25, 50, and 75 days) to study the role of rhizosphere interaction of both species on th ... | 2011 | 21972514 |
| [development of molecular markers linked to the resistant qtl for downy mildew in brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis]. | downy mildew, caused by the oomycete hyaloperonospora parasitica constant. (pers. ex fr.), is one of the most severe diseases in chinese cabbage, leading to reduction of yield and quality of the harvested products. therefore, identifying molecular markers linked to the major qtl for downy mildew resistance will be helpful in breeding resistant varieties of chinese cabbage. here, one highly susceptible line 91-112, one highly resistant line t12-19, and the derived dh population were employed to d ... | 2011 | 22120085 |
| newly identified essential amino acid residues affecting δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturase activity revealed by site-directed mutagenesis. | in order to identify amino acid residues crucial for the enzymatic activity of δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturases, a sequence comparison was performed among δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturases and δ(6)-fatty acid desaturases from various plants. in addition to the known conserved cytb(5) (cytochrome b(5)) hpgg motif and three conserved histidine boxes, they share additional 15 completely conserved residues. a series of site-directed mutants were generated using our previously isolated δ(8)-sphingolipid des ... | 2011 | 22100812 |
| chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of rapa catozza napoletana (brassica rapa l. var. rapa dc.) seed meal, a promising protein source of campania region (southern italy) horticultural germplasm. | background: the present study is the first effort in a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritive and biological properties of the meal from rapa catozza napoletana (rcn) (brassica rapa l. var. rapa) cultivar seeds as a new and alternative source of proteins. results: rcn seed meal revealed a good protein content (382.0 g kg(-1) ) compared with conventional brassica defatted meals. total glucosinolates (6.0 g kg(-1) ) were comparable to or even lower than those reported for other yellow- and brow ... | 2011 | 22173690 |
| inhibitory effects of chalcone glycosides isolated from brassica rapa l. 'hidabeni' and their synthetic derivatives on lps-induced no production in microglia. | activation of microglia induces the production of various inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (no), leading to neurodegeneration in many central nervous system diseases. in this study, we examined the effects of chalcone glycosides isolated from brassica rapa l. 'hidabeni' on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced no production using rat immortalized microglia hapi cells. 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3',4-dimethoxychalcone (a2) inhibited lps-induced inducible no synthase (inos) expression and no ... | 2011 | 21856162 |
| flight activity and dispersal of the cabbage seedpod weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) are related to atmospheric conditions. | the cabbage seedpod weevil, ceutorhynchus obstrictus (marsham) (coleoptera: curculionidae), is an invasive pest of canola (brassica napus l. and brassica rapa l.) in western canada. under current climatic conditions, c. obstrictus is spreading from established populations in southwestern alberta at ˜55 km/yr. we studied the influence of climatic conditions on c. obstrictus flight behavior in 2007 and 2008 and eastward dispersal from the western border of saskatchewan from 2002 to 2007. positive ... | 2010 | 22127159 |
| identification of a cyp84 family of cytochrome p450-dependent mono-oxygenase genes in brassica napus and perturbation of their expression for engineering sinapine reduction in the seeds. | cyp84 is a recently identified family of cytochrome p450-dependent mono-oxygenases defined by a putative ferulate-5-hydroxylase (f5h) from arabidopsis. until recently f5h has been thought to catalyze the hydroxylation of ferulate to 5-oh ferulate en route to sinapic acid. sinapine, a sinapate-derived ester in the seeds, is antinutritional and a target for elimination in canola meal. we have isolated three f5h-like genes (bnf5h1-3) from a cultivated brassica napus, whose amphidiploid progenitor i ... | 2000 | 10938378 |
| indole-containing fractions of brassica rapa inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by inactivating nuclear factor-κb. | in an attempt to identify bioactive natural products with anti-inflammatory activity, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of the indole-containing fraction from the roots of brassica rapa (ibr) (family brassicaceae) and the underlying mechanisms. initially, we examined the inhibitory effect of ibr on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro and then evaluated its in vivo anti-inflammatory effects. ibr was found to concentration-dependently reduce the productions of nitric o ... | 2011 | 21877949 |
| Kinetic changes in glucosinolate-derived volatiles by heat-treatment and myrosinase activity in nakajimana (Brassica rapa L. cv. nakajimana). | Nakajimana (Brassica rapa L. cv. nakajimana), of the family Brassicaceae, is a traditional vegetable in Japan. Three isothiocyanates and five cyanides in the leaves of nakajimana were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their kinetic changes using heat-treatment (temperature and time) were investigated. In addition, myrosinase activity of extracts prepared from fresh nakajimana leaf was determined. In crushed heat-treated leaves of nakajimana (70 °C for 30 ... | 2011 | 21913666 |
| Effect of temperature on cortical infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae and clubroot severity. | A study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature on infection and development of Plasmodiophora brassicae in the root cortex of Shanghai pak choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and on subsequent clubroot severity. Ten-day-old seedlings were grown individually, inoculated with resting spores, and maintained in growth cabinets at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30?C. Seedlings were harvested at 2-day intervals, starting 8 days after inoculation (DAI) and continuing until 42 DAI. Roots were assessed ... | 2011 | 21864086 |
| genome-wide analysis and characterization of aux/iaa family genes in brassica rapa. | auxins are the key players in plant growth development involving leaf formation, phototropism, root, fruit and embryo development. auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (aux/iaa) are early auxin response genes noted as transcriptional repressors in plant auxin signaling. however, many studies focus on aux/arf gene families and much less is known about the aux/iaa gene family in brassica rapa (b. rapa). here we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis and identified 55 aux/iaa genes in b. rapa using f ... | 2016 | 27049520 |
| arvelexin from brassica rapa suppresses nf-+¦b-regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting activation of i+¦b kinase. | background and purpose brassica rapa species constitute one of the major sources of food. in the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of arvelexin, isolated from b. rapa, on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated raw264.7 macrophages and on a model of septic shock induced by lps. experimental approach the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and cox-2, tnf-+¦, il-6 and il-1+¦ were determined by western blot and/or rt-pcr ... | 2011 | 21434881 |
| promoting effects of a single rhodopseudomonas palustris inoculant on plant growth by brassica rapa chinensis under low fertilizer input. | several rhodopseudomonas palustris strains have been isolated from rice paddy fields in taiwan by combining the winogradsky column method and molecular marker detection. these isolates were initially screened by employing seed germination and seedling vigor assays to evaluate their potential as inoculants. to fulfill the demand in the present farming system for reducing the application of chemical fertilizers, we assessed the plant growth-promoting effects of the r. palustris ysc3, ysc4, and ps3 ... | 2014 | 25130882 |
| identification and characterization of lim gene family in brassica rapa. | lim (lin-11, isl-1 and mec-3 domains) genes have been reported to trigger the formation of actin bundles, a major higher-order cytoskeletal assembly, in higher plants; however, the stress resistance related functions of these genes are still not well known. in this study, we collected 22 lim genes designated as brassica rapa lim (brlim) from the brassica database, analyzed the sequences, compared them with lim genes of other plants and analyzed their expression after applying biotic and abiotic ... | 2014 | 25086651 |
| breaking restricted taxonomic functionality by dual resistance genes. | nb-lrr-type disease resistance (r) genes have been used in traditional breeding programs for crop protection. however, functional transfer of nb-lrr-type r genes to plants in taxonomically distinct families to establish pathogen resistance has not been successful. here we demonstrate that a pair of arabidopsis (brassicaceae) nb-lrr-type r genes, rps4 and rrs1, properly function in two other brassicaceae, brassica rapa and b. napus, but also in two solanaceae, nicotiana benthamiana and tomato (so ... | 2013 | 23518587 |
| interfamily transfer of dual nb-lrr genes confers resistance to multiple pathogens. | a major class of disease resistance (r) genes which encode nucleotide binding and leucine rich repeat (nb-lrr) proteins have been used in traditional breeding programs for crop protection. however, it has been difficult to functionally transfer nb-lrr-type r genes in taxonomically distinct families. here we demonstrate that a pair of arabidopsis (brassicaceae) nb-lrr-type r genes, rps4 and rrs1, properly function in two other brassicaceae, brassica rapa and brassica napus, but also in two solana ... | 2013 | 23437080 |
| shotgun label-free proteomic analysis of clubroot (plasmodiophora brassicae) resistance conferred by the gene rcr1 in brassica rapa. | clubroot, caused by the plasmodiophorid pathogen plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most serious diseases on brassica crops worldwide and a major threat to canola production in western canada. host resistance is the key strategy for clubroot management on canola. several clubroot resistance (cr) genes have been identified, but the mechanisms associated with these cr genes are poorly understood. in the current study, a label-free shotgun proteomic approach was used to profile and compare the ... | 2016 | 27462338 |
| simple sequence repeat-based comparative genomics between brassica rapa and arabidopsis thaliana: the genetic origin of clubroot resistance. | an ssr-based linkage map was constructed in brassica rapa. it includes 113 ssr, 87 rflp, and 62 rapd markers. it consists of 10 linkage groups with a total distance of 1005.5 cm and an average distance of 3.7 cm. ssrs are distributed throughout the linkage groups at an average of 8.7 cm. synteny between b. rapa and a model plant, arabidopsis thaliana, was analyzed. a number of small genomic segments of a. thaliana were scattered throughout an entire b. rapa linkage map. this points out the compl ... | 2006 | 16723420 |
| two distinct forms of m-locus protein kinase localize to the plasma membrane and interact directly with s-locus receptor kinase to transduce self-incompatibility signaling in brassica rapa. | many flowering plants possess systems of self-incompatibility (si) to prevent inbreeding. in brassica, si recognition is controlled by the multiallelic gene complex (s-haplotypes) at the s-locus, which encodes both the male determinant s-locus protein 11 (sp11/scr) and the female determinant s-receptor kinase (srk). upon self-pollination, the s-haplotype-specific interaction between the pollen-borne sp11 and the cognate stigmatic srk receptor induces si signaling in the stigmatic papilla cell an ... | 2007 | 18065692 |
| jasmonate-dependent plant defense restricts thrips performance and preference. | the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis [pergande]) is one of the most important insect herbivores of cultivated plants. however, no pesticide provides complete control of this species, and insecticide resistance has emerged around the world. we previously reported the important role of jasmonate (ja) in the plant's immediate response to thrips feeding by using an arabidopsis leaf disc system. in this study, as the first step toward practical use of ja in thrips control, we analyze ... | 2009 | 19635132 |
| identification of novel qtls for isolate-specific partial resistance to plasmodiophora brassicae in brassica rapa. | plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease of the brassica crops, is widespread in the world. quantitative trait loci (qtls) for partial resistance to 4 different isolates of p. brassicae (pb2, pb4, pb7, and pb10) were investigated using a bc1f1 population from a cross between two subspecies of brassica rapa, i.e. chinese cabbage inbred line c59-1 as a susceptible recurrent parent and turnip inbred line ecd04 as a resistant donor parent. the bc1f2 families were assessed for r ... | 2013 | 24376876 |
| genome-wide comparative analysis of nbs-encoding genes between brassica species and arabidopsis thaliana. | plant disease resistance (r) genes with the nucleotide binding site (nbs) play an important role in offering resistance to pathogens. the availability of complete genome sequences of brassica oleracea and brassica rapa provides an important opportunity for researchers to identify and characterize nbs-encoding r genes in brassica species and to compare with analogues in arabidopsis thaliana based on a comparative genomics approach. however, little is known about the evolutionary fate of nbs-encod ... | 2014 | 24383931 |
| transcriptome analysis of brassica rapa near-isogenic lines carrying clubroot-resistant and -susceptible alleles in response to plasmodiophora brassicae during early infection. | although plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most common pathogens worldwide, the causal agent of clubroot disease in brassica crops, resistance mechanisms to it are still only poorly understood. to study the early defense response induced by p. brassicae infection, a global transcriptome profiling of the roots of two near-isogenic lines (nils) of clubroot-resistant (cr bjn3-2) and clubroot-susceptible (bjn3-2) chinese cabbage (brassica rapa) was performed by rna-seq. among the 42,730 unique ... | 2015 | 26779217 |
| two cytochromes p450 catalyze s-heterocyclizations in cabbage phytoalexin biosynthesis. | phytoalexins are abundant in edible crucifers and have important biological activities, yet no dedicated gene for their biosynthesis is known. here, we report two new cytochromes p450 from brassica rapa (chinese cabbage) that catalyze unprecedented s-heterocyclizations in cyclobrassinin and spirobrassinin biosynthesis. our results provide genetic and biochemical insights into the biosynthesis of a prominent pair of dietary metabolites and have implications for pathway discovery across >20 recent ... | 2015 | 26389737 |
| yeast cell wall extract induces disease resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens in arabidopsis thaliana and brassica crop. | housaku monogatari (hm) is a plant activator prepared from a yeast cell wall extract. we examined the efficacy of hm application and observed that hm treatment increased the resistance of arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa leaves to bacterial and fungal infections. hm reduced the severity of bacterial leaf spot and anthracnose on a. thaliana and brassica crop leaves with protective effects. in addition, gene expression analysis of a. thaliana plants after treatment with hm indicated increase ... | 2015 | 25565273 |
| multiple evolutionary events involved in maintaining homologs of resistance to powdery mildew 8 in brassica napus. | the resistance to powdery mildew 8 (rpw8) locus confers broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew in arabidopsis thaliana. there are four homologous to rpw8s (brhrs) in brassica rapa and three in brassica oleracea (bohrs). brassica napus (bn) is derived from diploidization of a hybrid between b. rapa and b. oleracea, thus should have seven homologs of rpw8 (bnhrs). it is unclear whether these genes are still maintained or lost in b. napus after diploidization and how they might have been evolv ... | 2016 | 27493652 |
| a genome-wide analysis reveals stress and hormone responsive patterns of tify family genes in brassica rapa. | the tify family is a plant-specific group of proteins with a diversity of functions and includes four subfamilies, viz. zml, tify, ppd, and jasmonate zim-domain (jaz) proteins. tify family members, particularly jaz subfamily proteins, play roles in biological processes such as development and stress and hormone responses in arabidopsis, rice, chickpea, and grape. however, there is no information about this family in any brassica crop. this study identifies 36 tify genes in brassica rapa, an econ ... | 2016 | 27446164 |
| overexpression of a brassica rapa ngatha gene in arabidopsis thaliana negatively affects cell proliferation during lateral organ and root growth. | in an effort to elucidate biological functions of transcription factors of brassica rapa l. (ssp. pekinensis), an ngatha homolog, brnga1, that belongs to the b3-type transcription factor superfamily was identified and expressed in arabidopsis thaliana under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. arabidopsis plants overexpressing brnga1, named brnga1ox, displayed markedly reduced organ growth compared with the wild type: lateral organs, such as leaves, flowers and cotyle ... | 2009 | 19880400 |
| enhanced resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens by overexpression of a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hcap18/ll-37) in chinese cabbage. | the human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein hcap18, which includes the c-terminal peptide ll-37, is a multifunctional protein. as a possible approach to enhancing the resistance to plant disease, a dna fragment coding for hcap18/ll-37 was fused at the c-terminal end of the leader sequence of endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter region. the construct was then introduced into brassica rapa. ll-37 expression was confirmed in transg ... | 2011 | 22308171 |
| brassica napus genome possesses extraordinary high number of camta genes and camta3 contributes to pamp triggered immunity and resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | calmodulin-binding transcription activators (camtas) play important roles in various plant biological processes including disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) is one of the most important oil-producing crops worldwide. to date, compositon of camtas in genomes of brassica species and role of camtas in resistance to the devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen sclerotinia sclerotiorum are still unknown. in this study, 18 camta genes were identified in o ... | 2016 | 27200054 |
| epigenetic silencing of rna polymerase i transcription: a role for dna methylation and histone modification in nucleolar dominance. | nucleolar dominance is an epigenetic phenomenon that describes nucleolus formation around rrna genes inherited from only one progenitor of an interspecific hybrid or allopolyploid. the phenomenon is widespread, occurring in plants, insects, amphibians, and mammals, yet its molecular basis remains unclear. we have demonstrated nucleolar dominance in three allotetraploids of the plant genus brassica. in brassica napus, accurately initiated pre-rrna transcripts from one progenitor, brassica rapa ar ... | 1997 | 9284051 |
| diversification and alteration of recognition specificity of the pollen ligand sp11/scr in self-incompatibility of brassica and raphanus. | the recognition specificity of the pollen ligand of self-incompatibility (sp11/scr) was investigated using brassica rapa transgenic plants expressing sp11 transgenes, and sp11 of raphanus sativus s-21 was found to have the same recognition specificity as that of b. rapa s-9. in a set of three s haplotypes, whose sequence identities of sp11 and srk are fairly high, r. sativus s-6 showed the same recognition specificity as brassica oleracea s-18 and a slightly different specificity from b. rapa s- ... | 2004 | 15548734 |
| carbohydrate derivatives from the roots of brassica rapa ssp. campestris and their effects on ros production and glutamate-induced cell death in ht-22 cells. | phytochemical investigation of the roots of brassica rapa ssp. campestris led to the isolation of three new carbohydrate derivatives, namely sucrose 3,3',4'-triisovalerate (2), sucrose 6,3',4'-triisovalerate (3), and ethanone-1-c-β-d-glucopyranoside (3,7-anhydro-1-deoxy-d-glycero-d-gulo-2-octulose, 6), along with four known carbohydrate derivatives, 2,6,3',4'-tetraisovalerate (1), ethyl β-d-glucopyranoside (4), n-butyl β-d-fructofuranoside (5), and n-pentyl β-d-fructofuranoside (7), which were i ... | 2012 | 23507511 |
| production and characterization of an alloplasmic and monosomic addition line of brassica rapa carrying the cytoplasm and one chromosome of moricandia arvensis. | intergeneric hybridization was performed between moricandia arvensis and four inbred lines of brassica rapa following embryo rescue. three f(1) hybrid plants were developed from three cross combinations of m. arvensis × b. rapa, and amphidiploids were synthesized by colchicine treatment. six bc(1) plants were generated from a single cross combination of amphidipolid × b. rapa 'ko1-303' through embryo rescue. one bc(2) and three bc(3) plants were obtained from successive backcrossing with b. rapa ... | 2011 | 23136474 |
| 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities in plant mitochondria: interaction via a common coenzyme a pool. | 2-oxoglutarate (2-og)-dependent o2 uptake by washed or purified turnip (brassica rapa l.) and pea (pisum sativum l. cv. massey gem) leaf mitochondria, in the presence of malonate, was inhibited between 65 and 90% by micromolar levels of pyruvate. the inhibition was not observed in the absence of malonate and was reversed by alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid. the inhibition was also reversed by oxaloacetate or by malate, but not by any other tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. the stimulatio ... | 2013 | 3631965 |
| characterization of mutants of a highly cross-reactive calcium-binding protein from brassica pollen for allergen-specific immunotherapy. | the major turnip (brassica rapa) pollen allergen, belongs to a family of calcium-binding proteins (i.e., two ef-hand proteins), which occur as highly cross-reactive allergens in pollen of weeds, grasses and trees. in this study, the ige binding capacity and allergenic activity of three recombinant allergen variants containing mutations in their calcium-binding sites were analyzed in sensitized patients with the aim to identify the most suitable hypoallergenic molecule for specific immunotherapy. ... | 2013 | 23790497 |
| ageratum enation virus-a begomovirus of weeds with the potential to infect crops. | samples of two ageratum conyzoides, one sonchus oleraceus and one turnip (brassica rapa var. rapa) exhibiting virus-like symptoms were collected from pakistan and nepal. full-length begomovirus clones were obtained from the four plant samples and betasatellite clones from three of these. the begomovirus sequences were shown to be isolates of ageratum enation virus (aev) with greater than 89.1% nucleotide sequence identity to the 26 aev sequences available in the databases. the three betasatellit ... | 2015 | 25674770 |
| effects of phytohormones and jasmonic acid on glucosinolate content in hairy root cultures of sinapis alba and brassica rapa. | although some study have established hairy root cultures from brassicaceous plants with glucosinolates (gs) as characteristic secondary metabolite, studies are missing which compare hairy roots with the corresponding mother plants. therefore, two different plant species-sinapis alba and brassica rapa subsp. rapa pygmeae teltoviensis-were transformed with the agrobacterium rhizogenes strain a4. aliphatic and indolyl gs were present in b. rapa, exhibiting larger quantities in leaves than in roots. ... | 2013 | 23269631 |
| characterization and expression profiling of myb transcription factors against stresses and during male organ development in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). | myb proteins comprise a large family of plant transcription factors that play regulatory roles in different biological processes such as plant development, metabolism, and defense responses. to gain insight into this gene superfamily and to elucidate its roles in stress resistance, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of myb genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). we identified 475 chinese cabbage myb genes, among wh ... | 2016 | 27038155 |
| characterization and stress-induced expression analysis of alfin-like transcription factors in brassica rapa. | the alfin-like (al) transcription factors (tfs) family is involved in many developmental processes, including the growth and development of roots, root hair elongation, meristem development, etc. however, stress resistance-related function and the regulatory mechanism of these tfs have yet to be elucidated. this study identified 15 brassica rapa al (bral) tfs from brad database, analyzed the sequences and profiled their expression first time in response to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans ... | 2015 | 25618423 |
| identification and expression analysis of wrky family genes under biotic and abiotic stresses in brassica rapa. | wrky proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, and they are involved in multiple biological processes such as plant development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. genes of this family have been well documented in response to many abiotic and biotic stresses in many plant species, but not yet against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans in any of the plants. moreover, potentiali ... | 2015 | 25149146 |
| identification of candidate genes for fusarium yellows resistance in chinese cabbage by differential expression analysis. | fusarium yellows caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans is an important disease of brassica worldwide. to identify a resistance (r) gene against fusarium yellows in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa var. pekinensis), we analyzed differential expression at the whole genome level between resistant and susceptible inbred lines using rna sequencing. four hundred and eighteen genes were significantly differentially expressed, and these were enriched for genes involved in response to stress or ... | 2014 | 24668026 |
| comparative mapping of raphanus sativus genome using brassica markers and quantitative trait loci analysis for the fusarium wilt resistance trait. | fusarium wilt (fw), caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum is a serious disease in cruciferous plants, including the radish (raphanus sativus). to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) or gene(s) conferring resistance to fw, we constructed a genetic map of r. sativus using an f2 mapping population derived by crossing the inbred lines '835' (susceptible) and 'b2' (resistant). a total of 220 markers distributed in 9 linkage groups (lgs) were mapped in the raphanus genome, cov ... | 2013 | 23864230 |
| characterization and expression analysis of dirigent family genes related to stresses in brassica. | the dirigent (dir) genes are playing a vital role in enhancing stress resistance in different crop plants. in this study, we collected 29 dir like genes, two from a brassica rapa cv. osome full length cdna library and 27 from the b. rapa database designated as b. rapa dirigent (brdir) like genes. sequence analysis and a comparison study of these genes confirmed that seven were dirigent and the remaining 22 were dirigent like genes. expression analysis revealed an organ specific expression of the ... | 2013 | 23562798 |
| molecular characterization of stress resistance-related chitinase genes of brassica rapa. | brassica is an important vegetable group worldwide that is impacted by biotic and abiotic stresses. molecular biology techniques offer the most efficient approach to address these concerns. inducible plant defense responses include the production of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins, and chitinases are very important pr proteins. we collected 30 chitinase like genes, three from our full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. osome and 27 from brassica databases. sequence analysis and comparis ... | 2012 | 22796900 |
| a simple and efficient agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated plant transformation of brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. | the present study aims to investigate the numerous factors influencing agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). factors affecting transformation efficiency, such as age of explants, agrobacterium concentration, and effect of acetosyringone, pre-cultivation, infection and co-cultivation time of agrobacterium were examined. the pre-cultured hypocotyls from young seedlings prior to exposure to agrobacterium showed higher shoot reg ... | 2016 | 28330158 |
| transformation and regeneration of brassica rapa using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | transformation and regeneration procedures for obtaining transgenic brassica rapa ssp. oleifera plants are described. regeneration frequencies were increasedby using silver nitrate and by adjusting the duration of exposure to 2,4-d. for transformation, agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 containing a binary plasmid with the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (npt ii) and the b-glucuronidase gene (gus) was cocultivated with hypocotyl explants from the oilseed b. rapa cvs. tobin and emma. transf ... | 1992 | 24213157 |
| simultaneous production of l-lactic acid with high optical activity and a soil amendment with food waste that demonstrates plant growth promoting activity. | a unique method to produce highly optically-active l-lactic acid and soil amendments that promote plant growth from food waste was proposed. three bacillus strains bacillus subtilis kbku21, b. subtilis n3-9 and bacillus coagulans t27, were used. strain kbku21 accumulated 36.9 g/l l-lactic acid with 95.7% optical activity and 98.2% l-lactic acid selectivity when fermented at 43°c for 84 h in a model kitchen refuse (mkr) medium. residual precipitate fraction (anaerobically-fermented mkr (afm) comp ... | 2016 | 26819060 |
| growth and (137)cs uptake and accumulation among 56 japanese cultivars of brassica rapa, brassica juncea and brassica napus grown in a contaminated field in fukushima: effect of inoculation with a bacillus pumilus strain. | fifty six local japanese cultivars of brassica rapa (40 cultivars), brassica juncea (10 cultivars) and brassica napus (6 cultivars) were assessed for variability in growth and (137)cs uptake and accumulation in association with a bacillus pumilus strain. field trial was conducted at a contaminated farmland in nihonmatsu city, in fukushima prefecture. inoculation resulted in different responses of the cultivars in terms of growth and radiocesium uptake and accumulation. b. pumilus induced a signi ... | 2016 | 26986237 |
| isolate dependency of brassica rapa resistance qtls to botrytis cinerea. | generalist necrotrophic pathogens including botrytis cinerea cause significant yield and financial losses on brassica crops. however, there is little knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the complex interactions encoded by both host and pathogen genomes in this interaction. this potentially includes multiple layers of plant defense and pathogen virulence mechanisms that could complicate in breeding broad spectrum resistance within brassica species. glucosinolates (gsls) are a diverse group ... | 2016 | 26925079 |
| priming with a double-stranded dna virus alters brassica rapa seed architecture and facilitates a defense response. | abiotic and biotic stresses alter genome stability and physiology of plants. under some stressful situations, a state of stress tolerance can be passed on to the offspring rendering them more suitable to stressful events than their parents. in plants, the exploration of transgenerational response has remained exclusive to model species, such as arabidopsis thaliana. here, we expand transgenerational research to include brassica rapa, a close relative to economically important plant canola (brass ... | 2015 | 25498335 |
| production and secretion of a heterologous protein by turnip hairy roots with superiority over tobacco hairy roots. | a fully contained and efficient heterologous protein production system was designed using brassica rapa rapa (turnip) hairy roots. two expression cassettes containing a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter with a duplicated enhancer region, an arabidopsis thaliana sequence encoding a signal peptide and the camv polyadenylation signal were constructed. one cassette was used to express the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-encoding gene in hairy roots grown in flasks. a stable and fast-growi ... | 2014 | 24078130 |
| reduction of leaf area and symptom severity as proxies of disease-induced plant mortality: the example of the cauliflower mosaic virus infecting two brassicaceae hosts. | disease induced effects on host survival are important to understand the evolution of parasitic virulence and host resistance/tolerance. unfortunately, experiments evaluating such effects are in most cases logistically demanding justifying the measurement of survival proxies. for plant hosts commonly used proxies are leaf area and the nature and severity of visual qualitative disease symptoms. in this study we tested whether these traits are indeed correlated to the host mortality rate induced b ... | 2013 | 23742852 |
| an experimental test of the transmission-virulence trade-off hypothesis in a plant virus. | the transmission-virulence trade-off hypothesis is one of the few adaptive explanations of virulence evolution, and assumes that there is an overall positive correlation between parasite transmission and virulence. the shape of the transmission-virulence relationship predicts whether virulence should evolve toward either a maximum or to an intermediate optimum. a positive correlation between each of these traits and within-host growth is often suggested to underlie the relationship between virul ... | 2013 | 23356619 |
| positive- and negative-acting regulatory elements contribute to the tissue-specific expression of inner no outer, a yabby-type transcription factor gene in arabidopsis. | the inner no outer (ino) gene, which encodes a yabby-type transcription factor, specifies and promotes the growth of the outer integument of the ovule in arabidopsis. ino expression is limited to the abaxial cell layer of the developing outer integument of the ovule and is regulated by multiple regions of the ino promoter, including pos9, a positive element that when present in quadruplicate can produce low-level expression in the normal ino pattern. | 2012 | 23148487 |