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madmax - management and analysis database for multiple ~omics experiments.the rapid increase of ~omics datasets generated by microarray, mass spectrometry and next generation sequencing technologies requires an integrated platform that can combine results from different ~omics datasets to provide novel insights in the understanding of biological systems. madmax is designed to provide a solution for storage and analysis of complex ~omics datasets. in addition, analysis results (such as lists of genes) will be merged to reveal candidate genes supported by all datasets. ...201121778530
genic microsatellite markers in brassica rapa: development, characterization, mapping, and their utility in other cultivated and wild brassica relatives.genic microsatellite markers, also known as functional markers, are preferred over anonymous markers as they reveal the variation in transcribed genes among individuals. in this study, we developed a total of 707 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat markers (est-ssrs) and used for development of a high-density integrated map using four individual mapping populations of b. rapa. this map contains a total of 1426 markers, consisting of 306 est-ssrs, 153 intron polymorphic markers, ...201121768136
the genetic architecture of ecophysiological and circadian traits in brassica rapa.developmental mechanisms that enable perception of and response to the environment may enhance fitness. ecophysiological traits typically vary depending on local conditions and contribute to resource acquisition and allocation, yet correlations may limit adaptive trait expression. notably, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance vary diurnally, and the circadian clock, which is an internal estimate of time that anticipates diurnal light/dark cycles, may synchronize physiological behaviors with e ...201121750258
development of full-length cdnas from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and identification of marker genes for defence response.arabidopsis belongs to the brassicaceae family and plays an important role as a model plant for which researchers have developed fine-tuned genome resources. genome sequencing projects have been initiated for other members of the brassicaceae family. among these projects, research on chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) started early because of strong interest in this species. here, we report the development of a library of chinese cabbage full-length cdna clones, the riken brc b. r ...201121745830
evaluation of the joint effect of glyphosate and dimethoate using a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem.in the present work a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem (stem) containing a soil collected from an agricultural field in central portugal was used to evaluate the effects of the combination of the herbicide glyphosate and the insecticide dimethoate. earthworms (eisenia andrei), isopods (porcellionides pruinosus), turnip seeds (brassica rapa), and bait-lamina strips were placed in the stem. the results showed that the application of the recommended field dose of both pesticides did not cause any ...201121724258
evolutionary ecology of plant-microbe interactions: soil microbial structure alters selection on plant traits.• below-ground microbial communities influence plant diversity, plant productivity, and plant community composition. given these strong ecological effects, are interactions with below-ground microbes also important for understanding natural selection on plant traits? • here, we manipulated below-ground microbial communities and the soil moisture environment on replicated populations of brassica rapa to examine how microbial community structure influences selection on plant traits and mediates pl ...201121658184
identification of potential micrornas and their targets in brassica rapa l.micrornas (mirnas) are recently discovered, noncoding, small regulatory rna molecules that negatively regulate gene expression. although many mirnas are identified and validated in many plant species, they remain largely unknown in brassica rapa (aa 2n =, 20). b. rapa is an important brassica crop with wide genetic and morphological diversity resulting in several subspecies that are largely grown for vegetables, oilseeds, and fodder crop production. in this study, we identified 186 mirnas belong ...201121647586
three brassica rapa metallothionein genes are differentially regulated under various stress conditions.the expression profiles of three brassica rapa metallothionein genes (brmt 1-3) were determined in 7-day-old seedlings exposed to various exogenous factors including plant hormones, heavy metals and abiotic stresses. brmt1, brmt2, and brmt3 were representatives of mt gene type 1, type 2, and type 3, respectively, according to their cysteine alignment. brmt2 showed a relatively higher basal expression level compared to brmt1 and brmt3 under normal conditions. the brmt1 transcript was markedly inc ...201221643753
a novel class of heat-responsive small rnas derived from the chloroplast genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa).non-coding small rnas play critical roles in various cellular processes in a wide spectrum of eukaryotic organisms. their responses to abiotic stress have become a popular topic of economic and scientific importance in biological research. several studies in recent years have reported a small number of non-coding small rnas that map to chloroplast genomes. however, it remains uncertain whether small rnas are generated from chloroplast genome and how they respond to environmental stress, such as ...201121639890
comparative methods for association studies: a case study on metabolite variation in a brassica rapa core collection.association mapping is a statistical approach combining phenotypic traits and genetic diversity in natural populations with the goal of correlating the variation present at phenotypic and allelic levels. it is essential to separate the true effect of genetic variation from other confounding factors, such as adaptation to different uses and geographical locations. the rapid availability of large datasets makes it necessary to explore statistical methods that can be computationally less intensive ...201121602927
integration of solexa sequences on an ultradense genetic map in brassica rapa l.sequence related amplified polymorphism (srap) is commonly used to construct high density genetic maps, map genes and qtl of important agronomic traits in crops and perform genetic diversity analysis without knowing sequence information. to combine next generation sequencing technology with srap, illumina's solexa sequencing was used to sequence tagged srap pcr products.201121595929
a sequence-based genetic linkage map as a reference for brassica rapa pseudochromosome assembly.brassica rapa is an economically important crop and a model plant for studies concerning polyploidization and the evolution of extreme morphology. the multinational b. rapa genome sequencing project (brgsp) was launched in 2003. in 2008, next generation sequencing technology was used to sequence the b. rapa genome. several maps concerning b. rapa pseudochromosome assembly have been published but their coverage of the genome is incomplete, anchoring approximately 73.6% of the scaffolds on to chro ...201121569561
[in-situ measurement on volatilization loss of ammonia in the vegetable field and its influencing factors].in order to obtain ammonia volatilization flux and volatilization loss rate in the vegetable field and investigate their relationship with environmental factors, an on-line monitoring system was used to measure the ammonia volatilization in the vegetable (brassica rapa l. and lettuce) field after urea application during january to september, 2009. the system included a wind tunnel system, a gas collector and an online analyzer system with ion chromatography. the time resolution of measurement wa ...201121528553
regulatory hotspots are associated with plant gene expression under varying soil phosphorus supply in brassica rapa.gene expression is a quantitative trait that can be mapped genetically in structured populations to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eqtl). genes and regulatory networks underlying complex traits can subsequently be inferred. using a recently released genome sequence, we have defined cis- and trans-eqtl and their environmental response to low phosphorus (p) availability within a complex plant genome and found hotspots of trans-eqtl within the genome. interval mapping, using p supply ...201121527424
combined effects of soil moisture and carbaryl to earthworms and plants: simulation of flood and drought scenarios.studying tolerance limits in organisms exposed to climatic variations is key to understanding effects on behaviour and physiology. the presence of pollutants may influence these tolerance limits, by altering the toxicity or bioavailability of the chemical. in this work, the plant species brassica rapa and triticum aestivum and the earthworm eisenia andrei were exposed to different levels of soil moisture and carbaryl, as natural and chemical stressors, respectively. both stress factors were test ...201121514022
differences in volatile profiles of turnip plants subjected to single and dual herbivory above- and belowground.plants attacked by herbivorous insects emit volatile organic compounds that are used by natural enemies to locate their host or prey. the composition of the blend is often complex and specific. it may vary qualitatively and quantitatively according to plant and herbivore species, thus providing specific information for carnivorous arthropods. most studies have focused on simple interactions that involve one species per trophic level, and typically have investigated the aboveground parts of plant ...201121448706
effect of genotype and environmental conditions on health-promoting compounds in brassica rapa.it is well-known that a variety of factors (genetic and environmental) affect the ultimate metabolite levels in brassica vegetables, although there is still little information about the role that genetics and environment play on glucosinolates and phenolic levels. total glucosinolates were more abundant in turnip tops (26.02 μmol g(-1) dw) than in turnip greens (17.78 μmol g(-1) dw). on the other hand, total phenolic content was found in higher quantities in turnip greens (43.81 μmol g(-1) dw) t ...201121341668
construction of random sheared fosmid library from chinese cabbage and its use for brassica rapa genome sequencing project.as a part of the multinational genome sequencing project of brassica rapa, linkage group r9 and r3 were sequenced using a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) by bac strategy. the current physical contigs are expected to cover approximately 90% euchromatins of both chromosomes. as the project progresses, bac selection for sequence extension becomes more limited because bac libraries are restriction enzyme-specific. to support the project, a random sheared fosmid library was constructed. the lib ...201121338952
impact of interspecific hybridization between crops and weedy relatives on the evolution of flowering time in weedy phenotypes.like conventional crops, some gm cultivars may readily hybridize with their wild or weedy relatives. the progressive introgression of transgenes into wild or weedy populations thus appears inevitable, and we are now faced with the challenge of determining the possible evolutionary effects of these transgenes. the aim of this study was to gain insight into the impact of interspecific hybridization between transgenic plants and weedy relatives on the evolution of the weedy phenotype.201121304909
enhanced glucosinolates in root exudates of brassica rapa ssp. rapa mediated by salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate.elicitation studies with salicylic acid (sa) and methyl jasmonate (mj) inducing a targeted rhizosecretion of high levels of anticarcinogenic glucosinolates in brassica rapa ssp. rapa plants were conducted. elicitor applications not only led to an accumulation of individual indole glucosinolates and the aromatic 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate in the turnip organs but also in turnip root exudates. this indicates an extended systemic response, which comprises the phyllosphere with all aboveground plan ...201121265537
plasticity and evolution in drought avoidance and escape in the annual plant brassica rapa.a key question in ecological genetics is to what extent do plants adapt to changes in climatic conditions, such as drought, through plasticity or evolution. to address this question, seeds of 140 maternal families of brassica rapa were generated from collections made before (1997) and after (2004) a natural drought. these seeds were planted in the glasshouse and grown under low-water and high-water conditions. post-drought lines flowered earlier than pre-drought lines, showing an evolutionary sh ...201121210818
the patterns of population differentiation in a brassica rapa core collection.with the recent advances in high throughput profiling techniques the amount of genetic and phenotypic data available has increased dramatically. although many genetic diversity studies combine morphological and genetic data, metabolite profiling has yet to be integrated into these studies. for our study we selected 168 accessions representing the different morphotypes and geographic origins of brassica rapa. metabolite profiling was performed on all plants of this collection in the youngest expa ...201121193901
developing stable progenies of ×brassicoraphanus, an intergeneric allopolyploid between brassica rapa and raphanus sativus, through induced mutation using microspore culture.induced mutations were used to improve the low seed fertility of an intergeneric allopolyploid, 'baemoochae,' ×brassicoraphanus, synthesized following hybridization between brassica rapa and raphanus sativus. the mutagen n-methyl-n-nitroso-urethane (nmu) was added to microspore cultures. four lines of nine in the mi(2) generation showed very high fertility under controlled pollination. the progeny lines (mi(3)) confirmed this result under open pollination, and excellent uniformity was observed i ...201121113703
development of a high density integrated reference genetic linkage map for the multinational brassica rapa genome sequencing project.we constructed a high-density brassica rapa integrated linkage map by combining a reference genetic map of 78 doubled haploid lines derived from chiifu-401-42 × kenshin (ckdh) and a new map of 190 f2 lines derived from chiifu-401-42 × rapid cycling b. rapa (crf2). the integrated map contains 1017 markers and covers 1262.0 cm of the b. rapa genome, with an average interlocus distance of 1.24 cm. high similarity of marker order and position was observed among the linkage groups of the maps with fe ...201021076509
design of a brassica rapa core collection for association mapping studies.a brassica rapa collection of 239 accessions, based on two core collections representing different morphotypes from different geographical origins, is presented and its use for association mapping is illustrated for flowering time. we analyzed phenotypic variation of leaf and seed pod traits, plant architecture, and flowering time using data collected from three field experiments and evaluated the genetic diversity with a set of ssr markers. the wageningen university and research centre (wur) an ...201021076504
response of glucosinolate and flavonoid contents and composition of brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (l.) hanelt to silica formulations used as insecticides.silica-based substances have increased in popularity in recent years as alternative insecticides in horticultural crop protection. however, no research has been conducted into the influence of silica on plant biochemistry. formulations (fossil shield 90.0s, ae r974, al-06-109, surround) were applied electrostatically on pak choi. plants were harvested on two dates to measure immediate (first) and decelerated (second) influence, as well as recovery following the removal of silica formulations. th ...201021073193
analysis of target sequences of ddm1s in brassica rapa by msap.dna methylation is an important epigenetic modification regulating gene expression and transposon silencing. although epigenetic regulation is involved in some agricultural traits, there has been relatively little research on epigenetic modifications of genes in brassica rapa, which includes many important vegetables. in b. rapa, orthologs of ddm1, a chromatin remodeling factor required for maintenance of dna methylation, have been characterized and dna hypomethylated knock-down plants by rnai ( ...201121072521
molecular characterization and phylogeny of a phytoplasma associated with phyllody disease of toria (brassica rapa l. subsp. dichotoma (roxb.)) in india.samples from toria plants (brassica rapa l. subsp. dichotoma (roxb.)) exhibiting phyllody, virescence, witches broom, extensive malformation of floral parts, formation of bladder like siliquae and flower sterility were collected from four different locations in india. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna, a part of 23s rrna, partial sec a genes, rp gene and 16s-23s intergenic spacer region indicated that the phytoplasmas associated with toria phyllody (tp) symptoms were identical ...201023637492
phytotoxicity assay for seed production using brassica rapa l.although pesticide drift can affect crop yield adversely, current plant testing protocols emphasize only the potential impacts on vegetative plant growth. the present study was conducted to determine whether a plant species with a short life cycle, such as brassica rapa l. wisconsin fast plants®, can be used to indicate potential effects on seed production of herbicides applied at relatively low levels (e.g., low field application rates [far]). the effects of ≤0.1 × far of aminopyralid, cloransu ...201020872651
floral genetic architecture: an examination of qtl architecture underlying floral (co)variation across environments.genetic correlations are expected to be high among functionally related traits and lower between groups of traits with distinct functions (e.g., reproductive vs. resource-acquisition traits). here, we explore the quantitative-genetic and qtl architecture of floral organ sizes, vegetative traits, and life history in a set of brassica rapa recombinant inbred lines within and across field and greenhouse environments. floral organ lengths were strongly positively correlated within both environments, ...201020837996
dieldrin uptake and translocation in plants growing in hydroponic medium.it has been known that the cucurbitaceae family takes up a large amount of persistent organic pollutants from soils and that the translocation of those compounds in cucurbits is higher than those in non-cucurbits. to understand the persistent organic pollutant uptake mechanisms of plant species, we compared the dieldrin absorption and transportation potentials of several plants in hydroponic medium. sorghum (sorghum vulgare moench), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), soybean (glycine max), komats ...201020821429
overexpression of the ethylene-responsive factor gene brerf4 from brassica rapa increases tolerance to salt and drought in arabidopsis plants.ethylene-responsive factors (erfs), within a subgroup of the ap2/erf transcription factor family, are involved in diverse plant reactions to biotic or abiotic stresses. here, we report that overexpression of an erf gene from brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (brerf4) led to improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses in arabidopsis. it also significantly affected the growth and development of transgenic plants. we detected that salt-induced expressions of a transcriptional repressor gene, aterf4 ...201020803085
the quantitative-genetic and qtl architecture of trait integration and modularity in brassica rapa across simulated seasonal settings.within organisms, groups of traits with different functions are frequently modular, such that variation among modules is independent and variation within modules is tightly integrated, or correlated. here, we investigated patterns of trait integration and modularity in brassica rapa in response to three simulated seasonal temperature/photoperiod conditions. the goals of this research were to use trait correlations to understand patterns of trait integration and modularity within and among floral ...201120736971
metabolic changes of brassica rapa transformed with a bacterial isochorismate synthase gene.metabolome analysis by 1-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹h nmr) coupled with multivariate data analysis was carried out in brassica rapa plants transformed with a gene encoding bacterial isochorismate synthase (ics). partial least square-discrimination analysis (pls-da) on selected signals suggested that the resonances that were dominant in the transgenic plants corresponded to a glucosinolate (neoglucobrassicin), phenylpropanoids (sinapoyl malate, feruloyl malate, caffeoyl malat ...201020705362
composition analysis and anti-hypoxia activity of polysaccharide from brassica rapa l.crude water-soluble polysaccharides (brp) were extracted from the root of brassica rapa l. using boiling-water. the polysaccharides were successively purified by chromatography on deae-cellulose and sephadex g-100 column, giving three major polysaccharide fractions termed brp1-1, brp2-1, brp3-1. the gel permeation chromatography (gpc) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (mw) of polysaccharides (brp1-1, brp2-1, brp3-1) were approximately 5.53×10(3) da, 3.35×10(4) da and 3.37×10(4) d ...201020678519
integration of genetic, physical, and cytogenetic maps for brassica rapa chromosome a7.bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) contigs have been genetically mapped to the 10 linkage groups of brassica rapa by bac end sequences (bes). to integrate the genetic, physical, and cytogenetic maps, fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was used to anchor the assembly of bac contigs onto brassica chromosomes using representative bacs. this bac-fish approach can be used to identify chromosome arms on separate mitotic metaphase chromosomes or to map multiple bacs to single long pachytene c ...201020628251
mapping of quantitative trait loci for high level of self-incompatibility in brassica rapa l.the level of self-incompatibility (si) is important to the purity of f1 seeds produced using the si system of brassica vegetables. to analyze the genetic basis of the level of si, we generated an f2 population derived from a cross between a turnip inbred line showing a high level of si and a chinese cabbage inbred line showing a low level, and evaluated the level of si under insect pollination in two years. we constructed a detailed linkage map of brassica rapa from the f2 progeny, consisting of ...201020616857
relation between developmental stage, sensory properties, and volatile content of organically and conventionally grown pac choi (brassica rapa var. mei qing choi).this study was conducted to identify and quantify the sensory characteristics and chemical profile of organically and conventionally grown pac choi (brassica rapa var. mei qing choi), also called bok choy, at 3 stages of growth (2.5, 4.5, and 6.5 wk). sensory and instrumental data were correlated using partial least squares regression. pac choi was grown in late spring. descriptive sensory analysis was conducted by a highly trained panel and compounds were identified and quantified using a gas c ...201020546419
characterization of seedling proteomes and development of markers to distinguish the brassica a and c genomes.the diploid species brassica rapa (genome aa) and b. oleracea (genome cc) were compared by full-scale proteome analyses of seedling. a total of 28.2% of the proteins was common to both species, indicating the existence of a basal or ubiquitous proteome. however, a number of discriminating proteins (32.0%) and specific proteins (39.8%) of the brassica a and c genomes, respectively, were identified, which could represent potentially species-specific functions. based on these a or c genome-specific ...201020513634
present or past herbivory: a screening of volatiles released from brassica rapa under caterpillar attacks as attractants for the solitary parasitoid, cotesia vestalis.females of the solitary endoparasitoid cotesia vestalis respond to a blend of volatile organic compounds (vocs) released from plants infested with larvae of their host, the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella), which is an important pest insect of cruciferous plants. we investigated the flight response of female parasitoids to the cruciferous plant brassica rapa, using two-choice tests under laboratory conditions. the parasitoids were more attracted to plants that had been infested for at leas ...201020490899
[structural and cytochemical aspects of brassica rapa embryogenesis under conditions of clinorotation].the results of study of embryo development in b. rapa plants, as well as the rate and the character of nutrient substances accumulation in their cells under slow horizontal clinorotation and laboratory control are presented. significant similarity of the peculiarities of embryo differentiation and character of nutrient substance accumulation in both variants was shown. the cases of different deviations during embryo differentiation, and rate and quantity of reserve nutrient substances in their c ...201020480807
purification and characterization of a peroxidase isozyme from indian turnip roots.a peroxidase isozyme (tp i) from indian turnip roots ( brassica rapa ) was purified. tp i had a minimum molecular mass of 45 000 da as determined from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). a far-uv circular dichroism (cd) spectroscopy study of tp i revealed the presence of 44% alpha-helix, 16% beta-sheet, and 40% random structure. the n-terminal sequence of tp i was found to be gln-phe-val-ile-pro-thr-tyr-ala-trp-gln. pyromellitic dianhydride (pmda)-modified tp i ...201020405843
effect of organic production and fertilizer variables on the sensory properties of pac choi (brassica rapa var. mei qing choi) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum var. bush celebrity).the increased popularity of organic production has amplified the need for research that will help in understanding how this production system affects the final quality of vegetables. the effects of organic and conventional production on the sensory characteristics of pac choi (often called bok choy) and tomato were studied. samples were grown in high tunnel and field environments at the kansas state university horticulture research center located in olathe, kansas. highly trained descriptive pan ...201020355138
effect of atmosphere composition on the quality of ready-to-use broccoli raab (brassica rapa l.).many leafy brassicas are widely used for ready-to-use salads. broccoli raab (brassica rapa l.), also called turnip top, or rapini, is extensively cultivated in southern italy. the edible portion is made up of the green, immature inflorescences and the stem with its most tender leaves. recently, interest in this crop has increased among european consumers; moreover, a substantial increase in consumption could come from the ready-to-use product.201020355114
epigenetic chromatin modifications in brassica genomes.epigenetic modifications such as histone and dna methylation are highly conserved among eukaryotes, although the nuclear patterns of these modifications vary between different species. brassica species represent a very attractive model for analysis of epigenetic changes because of their differences in genome size, ploidy level, and the organization of heterochromatin blocks. brassica rapa and b. oleracea are diploid species, and b. napus is an allotetraploid species that arose from the hybridiza ...201020237597
brflc2 (flowering locus c) as a candidate gene for a vernalization response qtl in brassica rapa.flowering time is an important agronomic trait, and wide variation exists among brassica rapa. in arabidopsis, flowering locus c (flc) plays an important role in modulating flowering time and the response to vernalization. brassica rapa contains several paralogues of flc at syntenic regions. brflc2 maps under a major flowering time and vernalization response quantitative trait locus (qtl) at the top of a02. here the effects of vernalization on flowering time in a double haploid (dh) population a ...201020231331
predicted no effect concentration (pnec) for triclosan to terrestrial species (invertebrates and plants).triclosan (tcs) is an antimicrobial agent which is used as a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic and found in personal care products, and due to this it is spread in the environment. aquatic toxicity studies have been reported, but little data is available for its toxicity to terrestrial organisms. the main purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity of tcs in the terrestrial environment, using a battery of soil species, belonging to different taxonomic levels. the species included the invertebra ...201020227762
influence of urea fertilizer placement on nitrous oxide production from a silt loam soil.urea placement in band or nests has been shown to enhance n use efficiency, but limited work has been done to assess its affect on n(2)o emissions. this study compared n(2)o emissions from urea prills applied to an amsterdam silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid typic haplustolls) using broadcast, band, and nest placements. experiments were conducted in greenhouse pots (200 kg n ha(-1)) and in canola (brassica rapa l.) seeded fields using rates of 100 kg n ha(-1) (recommended) and 20 ...201320048299
genome-wide discovery of dna polymorphism in brassica rapa.single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and/or insertion/deletions (indels) are frequent sequence variations in the plant genome, which can be developed as molecular markers for genetic studies on crop improvement. the ongoing brassica rapa genome sequencing project has generated vast amounts of sequence data useful in genetic research. here, we report a genome-wide survey of dna polymorphisms in the b. rapa genome based on the 557 bacterial artificial clone sequences of b. rapa ssp. pekinensis c ...201020024583
[development of brassica rapa l. embryos under conditions of microgravity].results of comparative studies of the embryos of identical age formed under microgravity and ground laboratory control are presented. significant similarity of a rate of embryo development and degree of their differentiation in both variants has been shown. the single cases of the disturbances in embryo formation, and also a certain acceleration of endosperm development at the early stages of seed formation in microgravity are revealed.200919938622
climate change alters reproductive isolation and potential gene flow in an annual plant.climate change will likely cause evolution due not only to selection but also to changes in reproductive isolation within and among populations. we examined the effects of a natural drought on the timing of flowering in two populations of brassica rapa and the consequences for predicted reproductive isolation and potential gene flow. seeds were collected before and after a 5-year drought in southern california from two populations varying in soil moisture. lines derived from these seeds were rai ...200925567893
genome-wide comparative analysis of the brassica rapa gene space reveals genome shrinkage and differential loss of duplicated genes after whole genome triplication.brassica rapa is one of the most economically important vegetable crops worldwide. owing to its agronomic importance and phylogenetic position, b. rapa provides a crucial reference to understand polyploidy-related crop genome evolution. the high degree of sequence identity and remarkably conserved genome structure between arabidopsis and brassica genomes enables comparative tiling sequencing using arabidopsis sequences as references to select the counterpart regions in b. rapa, which is a strong ...200919821981
ectopic expression of a chinese cabbage brargos gene in arabidopsis increases organ size.chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) is a common and economically important crop in asia. specific targets of plant breeding programs for cabbage have been improvement in yield, resistance to environment stresses, and nutrition quality by means of genetic manipulation. to obtain information on yield improvement applicable for the genetic engineering approach, we have attempted to dissect the molecular pathways that regulate organ size. we first isolated a putative homolog of argos ...201019789991
a microsatellite (ssr) based linkage map of brassica rapa.in the present study we describe the construction of a genetic linkage map for the brassica rapa (aa) genome that will act as a key resource in undertaking future structural and functional genomic studies in b. rapa. a f(2) mapping population consisting of 48 f(2) individual plants developed following hybridization of 2 inbred lines bathari mandi and ic 331817 was used to construct the map. the map comprises 53 ssr markers derived from 3 different public domain resources. nine linkage groups alo ...200919761878
expression of brd1, a plant defensin from brassica rapa, confers resistance against brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens) in transgenic rices.plant defensins are small (5-10 kda) basic peptides thought to be an important component of the defense pathway against fungal and/or bacterial pathogens. to understand the role of plant defensins in protecting plants against the brown planthopper, a type of insect herbivore, we isolated the brassica rapa defensin 1 (brd1) gene and introduced it into rice (oryza sativa l.) to produce stable transgenic plants. the brd1 protein is homologous to other plant defensins and contains both an n-terminal ...200919714315
transient expression of a foreign gene by direct incorporation of dna into intact plant tissue through vacuum infiltration.we previously established a method to induce transient expression of foreign genes in intact plant tissue to detect the subcellular localization of proteins. here, we have inserted a putative bzip protein hy5 gene (seqid: eu386772), isolated from the seedlings of turnips brassica rapa l. subsp. rapa 'tsuda,' and a receptor-like kinase gene atrlk (seqid: ay531551.1), isolated from arabidopsis, into the plasmid pa7-gfp. we accomplished the direct incorporation of dna into onion epidermal tissue by ...200919618274
genotypes of brassica rapa respond differently to plant-induced variation in air co2 concentration in growth chambers with standard and enhanced venting.growth chambers allow measurement of phenotypic differences among genotypes under controlled environment conditions. however, unintended variation in growth chamber air co2 concentration ([co2]) may affect the expression of diverse phenotypic traits, and genotypes may differ in their response to variation in [co2]. we monitored [co2] and quantified phenotypic responses of 22 brassica rapa genotypes in growth chambers with either standard or enhanced venting. [co2] in chambers with standard venti ...200919603146
[cdna-aflp analysis on transcripts associated with bolting in brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis].premature bolting, caused by low temperature in spring and summer cultivation in low land and high land respectively, leads to reduction of the yield and quality of the harvested products in chinese cabbage. therefore, exploring genes involved in vernalization response is important to the improvement of chinese cabbage varieties. here, one extremely early bolting line (dh-54) and one extremely late bolting line (dh-43) were employed, and the cdna-aflp approach was used to identify key components ...200919586882
ssr and scar mapping of a multiple-allele male-sterile gene in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).the genic multiple-allele inherited male-sterile gene ms in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.) was identified as a spontaneous mutation. applying this gene to hybrid seed production, several b. rapa cultivars have been successfully bred in china. a bc(1) population (244 plants) was constructed for mapping the ms gene. screening 268 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers which cover the entire genome of chinese cabbage was performed with bulked segregant analysis (bsa). on the basis of linkage anal ...200919436990
formation of green-blue compounds in brassica rapa root by high pressure processing and subsequent storage.the effect of high pressure treatment on biochemical changes during storage was investigated using brassica rapa root. high pressure treated samples with 400 and 600 mpa formed unique green-blue color during 7-d storage at 4 degrees c. the mechanism of green-blue compound formation would be based on biochemical pathway for a unique green-blue pigment synthesis, containing o2-dependent steps and possibly enzymatic reactions.200919352022
5 alpha-reductase and aromatase inhibitory constituents from brassica rapa l. pollen.in the screening of biologically active constituents from brassica rapa pollen, the supercritical co(2) fluid extract (sfe-co(2)) showed potent 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase inhibiting activity. the sfe-co(2) extract was separated by various chromatographic methods to give two new phytosterol derivatives, 24-methylenecholesterol linolenate (1) and cycloeucalenol linolenate (2), as well as eight known compounds, 24-methylenecholesterol palmitate (3), cycloeucalenol (4), pollinastanol (5), 24-me ...200919336936
chromosome elimination, addition and introgression in intertribal partial hybrids between brassica rapa and isatis indigotica.partial hybrids with female-parent-type phenotypes and chromosome numbers but altered genomic compositions have been reported in wide crosses of several plants. in order to introgress desirable genes from a wild relative, isatis indigotica (a dye and medicinal plant; 2n = 14), into brassica crops, intertribal sexual hybridizations were carried out with b. rapa (2n = 20), and the resulting hybrids and their progenies were characterized.200919258339
plantgm: a database for genetic markers in rice (oryza sativa) and chinese cabbage (brassica rapa).the plant genetic map database (plantgm) has been developed as a web-based system which provides information about genetic markers in rice (oryza sativa) and chinese cabbage (brassica rapa). the database has three major parts and functions; (1) map search, (2) marker search, and (3) qtl search. at present, the database provides characterization information for about 3258 genetic markers. it has 2800 rflp and 112 qtl markers related to rice in addition to 321 rflp and 25 pcr-based markers for chi ...200819238232
a naturally occurring splicing site mutation in the brassica rapa flc1 gene is associated with variation in flowering time.flowering locus c (flc), encoding a mads-domain transcription factor in arabidopsis, is a repressor of flowering involved in the vernalization pathway. this provides a good reference for brassica species. genomes of brassica species contain several flc homologues and several of these colocalize with flowering-time qtl. here the analysis of sequence variation of brflc1 in brassica rapa and its association with the flowering-time phenotype is reported. the analysis revealed that a g-->a polymorphi ...200919190098
determination of n+1 gamete transmission rate of trisomics and location of gene controlling 2n gamete formation in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa).a set of trisomics of chinese cabbage was used for determining the n+1 gamete transmission rate and locating the gene controlling 2n gamete formation on the corresponding chromosome. the results showed that the transmission rates of extra chromosomes in different trisomics varied from 0% to 15.38% by male gametes and from 0% to 17.39% by female gametes. of the nine f(2) populations derived from the hybridizations between each trisomic and bp058 (2n gamete material), only tri-4xbp058 showed that ...200919166491
targeted metabolite analysis and biological activity of pieris brassicae fed with brassica rapa var. rapa.for the first time, an insect-plant system, pieris brassicae fed with brassica rapa var. rapa, was tested for its biological capacity, namely, antioxidant (dpph*, *no, and o(2)*- radicals) and antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi) activities. samples from the insect's life cycle (larvae, excrements, exuviae, and butterfly) were always found to be more efficient than the host plant. also, p. brassicae materials, as well as its host plant, were screened for phenolics and organic acids. the host plant ...200919115952
map-based cloning and characterization of a gene controlling hairiness and seed coat color traits in brassica rapa.a glabrous, yellow-seeded doubled haploid (dh) line and a hairy, black-seeded dh line in chinese cabbage (b. rapa) were used as parents to develop a dh line population that segregated for both hairiness and seed coat color traits. the data showed that both traits completely co-segregated each other, suggesting that one mendelian locus controlled both hairiness and seed coat color in this population. a fine genetic map was constructed and a snp marker that was located inside a brassica ortholog o ...200919039665
transcriptome analysis in brassica rapa under the abiotic stresses using brassica 24k oligo microarray.genome wide transcription analysis in response to stresses is essential to provide the basis of effective engineering strategies to improve stress tolerance in crop plants. in order to perform transcriptome analysis in brassica rapa, we constructed a b. rapa oligo microarray, kbgp-24k, using sequence information from approximately 24,000 unigenes and analyzed cold (4 degrees c), salt (250 mm nacl), and drought (air-dry) treated b. rapa plants. among the b. rapa unigenes represented on the microa ...200818797175
comparative innate responses of the aphid parasitoid diaeretiella rapae to alkenyl glucosinolate derived isothiocyanates, nitriles, and epithionitriles.cruciferous plants (brassicaceae) are characterized by the accumulation of a group of secondary metabolites known as glucosinolates that, following attack by pathogens or herbivores, may be hydrolyzed to one of a number of products including isothiocyanates and nitriles. despite the range of hydrolysis products that may be produced, the toxicity of glucosinolates to pathogens and herbivores may be explained largely by the production of isothiocyanates. isothiocyanates are also known to provide a ...200818712443
growth inhibition in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa var. chinensis) growth exposed to di-n-butyl phthalate.the toxicity and effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp), an endocrine disruptor, on the growth of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa var. chinensis) were studied. etiolation occurred on leaves of chinese cabbage plant treated with 50mg/l of dbp for 42 d. dbp even below 1mg/l had a significant effect on the concentration of chlorophyll in chinese cabbage and the biomass showed a severe decrease under treatment with more than 30 mg/l of dbp. at a concentration below 1mg/l of dbp, no significant differe ...200918678443
effect of crop improvement on genetic diversity in oilseed brassica rapa (turnip-rape) cultivars, detected by ssr markers.with the improvement of seed quality, brassica rapa oilseed germplasm went through 2 major breeding bottlenecks during the introgression of genes for zero erucic acid content and low glucosinolate content, respectively. this study investigates the impact of these bottlenecks on the genetic diversity in european winter b. rapa by comparing 3 open-pollinated cultivars, each representing a different breeding period. diversity was estimated on 32 plants per cultivar, with 16 simple sequence repeat ( ...200818670055
phytotoxic effects of sewage sludge extracts on the germination of three plant species.in order to evaluate the ability of three types of extracts to explain the ecotoxicological risk of treated municipal sewage sludges, the oecd 208a germination test was applied using three plants (lolium perenne l., brassica rapa l., and trifolium pratense l.). three equivalent batches of sludge, remained as dewatered sludge, composted with plant remains and thermally dried, from an anaerobic waste water treatment plant were separated. samples from these three batches were extracted in water, me ...200818651217
computational tools for brassica-arabidopsis comparative genomics.recent advances, such as the availability of extensive genome survey sequence (gss) data and draft physical maps, are radically transforming the means by which we can dissect brassica genome structure and systematically relate it to the arabidopsis model. hitherto, our view of the co-linearities between these closely related genomes had been largely inferred from comparative rflp data, necessitating substantial interpolation and expert interpretation. sequencing of the brassica rapa genome by th ...200518629221
the korea brassica genome project: a glimpse of the brassica genome based on comparative genome analysis with arabidopsis.a complete genome sequence provides unlimited information in the sequenced organism as well as in related taxa. according to the guidance of the multinational brassica genome project (mbgp), the korea brassica genome project (kbgp) is sequencing chromosome 1 (cytogenetically oriented chromosome #1) of brassica rapa. we have selected 48 seed bacs on chromosome 1 using est genetic markers and fish analyses. among them, 30 bac clones have been sequenced and 18 are on the way. comparative genome ana ...200518629219
molecular cloning and characterization of the dicer-like 2 gene from brassica rapa.dicer-like proteins (dcls) are involved in small rna-mediated development and viral defense in plants. in model plants, at least four dcls have been found and a number of studies have helped to understand their function. however, the function of the dicer or dcls in other plants is still unclear. here, we report the full-length cdna sequence of brassica rapa ssp. chinensis dcl2 (brdcl2) gene, which contains a 4,179 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein of 1,392 amino acids. at the 3' en ...200918607769
scenario modeling potential eco-efficiency gains from a transition to organic agriculture: life cycle perspectives on canadian canola, corn, soy, and wheat production.we used life cycle assessment to scenario model the potential reductions in cumulative energy demand (both fossil and renewable) and global warming, acidifying, and ozone-depleting emissions associated with a hypothetical national transition from conventional to organic production of four major field crops [canola (brassica rapa), corn (zea mays), soy (glycine max), and wheat (triticum aestivum)] in canada. models of these systems were constructed using a combination of census data, published va ...200818574623
a change in climate causes rapid evolution of multiple life-history traits and their interactions in an annual plant.climate change is likely to spur rapid evolution, potentially altering integrated suites of life-history traits. we examined evolutionary change in multiple life-history traits of the annual plant brassica rapa collected before and after a recent 5-year drought in southern california. we used a direct approach to examining evolutionary change by comparing ancestors and descendants. collections were made from two populations varying in average soil moisture levels, and lines propagated from the c ...200818557796
the first generation of a bac-based physical map of brassica rapa.the genus brassica includes the most extensively cultivated vegetable crops worldwide. investigation of the brassica genome presents excellent challenges to study plant genome evolution and divergence of gene function associated with polyploidy and genome hybridization. a physical map of the b. rapa genome is a fundamental tool for analysis of brassica "a" genome structure. integration of a physical map with an existing genetic map by linking genetic markers and bac clones in the sequencing pipe ...200818549474
metal ion-inducing metabolite accumulation in brassica rapa.plants face a number of biotic and abiotic environmental stress factors during growth. among the abiotic factors, in particular, a great deal of attention has been paid to metals not only because of their increasing amounts in the environment due to rapid industrial development but also because of the variation of metal composition in soil. cultivation of crops close to industrial areas or irrigation with contaminated water may result in both growth inhibition and tissue accumulation of metals. ...200818541336
toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to plants and aquatic invertebrates.acute toxicities of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) were tested on four freshwater species and three plant species. pfos was more toxic than pfoa for all species tested in this study. similar time-response patterns of pfos and pfoa toxicity were observed for each tested species. values of the 48-h lc(50) of pfos for all test species ranged from 27 to 233 mg/l and values of the 96-h lc(50) for three of the species ranged from 10 to 178 mg/l. values of the 48-h l ...200918461560
a comparative study of flavonoid compounds, vitamin c, and antioxidant properties of baby leaf brassicaceae species.a comparative study of antioxidant compounds, flavonoids and vitamin c, and also antioxidant activity was carried out in four species of brassicaceae vegetables used for salads: watercress ( nasturtium officinale r. br.), mizuna [ brassica rapa l. subsp. nipposinica (l.h. bailey) haneltand], wild rocket [ diplotaxis tenuifolia (l.) dc.], and salad rocket [ eruca vesicaria (l.) cav.]. the characterization of individual phenolic compounds by hplc-dad-ms/ms-esi in watercress and mizuna completes th ...200818321050
origin of new brassica types from a single intergeneric hybrid between b. rapa and orychophragmus violaceus by rapid chromosome evolution and introgression.many novel lines were established from an intergeneric mixoploid between brassica rapa (2n = 20) and orychophragmus violaceus (2n = 24) through successive selections for fertility and viability. pedigrees of individual f(2) plants were advanced to the 10th generation by selfing. their breeding habit was self-compatible and different from the self-incompatibility of their female parent b. rapa, and these lines were reproductively isolated to different degrees from b. rapa and b. napus. the lines ...200718305344
production and characterization of intertribal somatic hybrids of raphanus sativus and brassica rapa with dye and medicinal plant isatis indigotica.intertribal somatic hybrids of raphanus sativus (2n = 18, rr) and brassica rapa spp. chinensis (2n = 20, aa) with the dye and medicinal plant isatis indigotica (2n = 14, i i) were firstly obtained by polyethylene glycol-induced symmetric fusions of mesophyll protoplasts. one mature hybrid with r. sativus established in field had intermediate morphology but was totally sterile. it had the expected chromosome number (2n = 32, rri i) and parental chromosomes were distinguished by genomic in situ hy ...200818264711
mapping qtls for root morphological traits in brassica rapa l. based on aflp and rapd markers.root growth and thickening plays a key role in the final productivity and even the quality of storage roots in root crops. this study was conducted to identify and map quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting root morphological traits in brassica rapa by using molecular markers. an f2 population was developed from a cross between chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) and turnip (b. rapa ssp. rapifera), which differed greatly in root characters. a genetic map covering 1837.1 cm, with 192 ...200818263966
effects of stress and phenotypic variation on inbreeding depression in brassica rapa.stressful environments are often said to increase the expression of inbreeding depression. alternatively, crow's "opportunity for selection" (the squared phenotypic coefficient of variation) sets a limit to how much selection can occur, constraining the magnitude of inbreeding depression. to test these hypotheses, we planted self- and cross-fertilized seeds of brassica rapa into a factorial experiment that varied plant density and saline watering stresses. we then repeated the experiment, reduci ...200818208569
hplc-dad-ms/ms-esi screening of phenolic compounds in pieris brassicae l. reared on brassica rapa var. rapa l.the phenolic profiles of cabbage white butterfly ( pieris brassicae l.; lepidoptera: pieridae) at different development stages (larvae, exuviae, and butterfly), its excrements, and its host plant brassica rapa var. rapa l. were determined by high performance liquid chromatography- diode-array detector-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry-electrospray ionization (hplc-dad-ms/ms-esi). twenty-five acylated and nonacylated flavonoid glycosides and ferulic and sinapic acids were identified in host pla ...200818173245
plant induced changes in concentrations of caesium, strontium and uranium in soil solution with reference to major ions and dissolved organic matter.for a better understanding of the soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides, their behavior in the soil solution should be elucidated, especially at the interface between plant roots and soil particles, where conditions differ greatly from the bulk soil because of plant activity. this study determined the concentration of stable cs and sr, and u in the soil solution, under plant growing conditions. the leafy vegetable komatsuna (brassica rapa l.) was cultivated for 26 days in pots, where the rhizo ...200818164108
microtubules spatial alterations in root cells of brassica rapa under clinorotation.organization of tubulin cytoskeleton in epidermis and cortex cells in different root growth zones in brassica rapa l. 6-day-old seedlings under clinorotation has been investigated. it was shown that changes in cortical microtubules orientation occur only in the distal elongation zone. in control, cortical microtubule arrays oriented transversely to the root long axis. whereas under clinorotation an appearance of shorter randomly organized cortical microtubules was observed. simultaneously, a sig ...200818155615
association mapping of leaf traits, flowering time, and phytate content in brassica rapa.association mapping was used to investigate the genetic basis of variation within brassica rapa, which is an important vegetable and oil crop. we analyzed the variation of phytate and phosphate levels in seeds and leaves and additional developmental and morphological traits in a set of diverse b. rapa accessions and tested association of these traits with aflp markers. the analysis of population structure revealed four subgroups in the population. trait values differed between these subgroups, t ...200718059559
genome doubling and chromosome elimination with fragment recombination leading to the formation of brassica rapa-type plants with genomic alterations in crosses with orychophragmus violaceus.in distant hybridization of plants, nonclassical hybrids with unexpected chromosome complements, chromosome elimination, and genetic introgression have been well documented. we obtained intergeneric hybrids between brassica rapa, b. rapa var. chinensis, and another cruciferous species, orychophragmus violaceus, following embryo rescue. hybrids mainly displayed phenotypes of b. rapa, although certain o. violaceus or novel characteristics also appeared. variable numbers of chromosomes were observe ...200718059544
an undergraduate laboratory exercise to study the effect of darkness on plant gene expression using dna microarray.dna microarrays are microscopic arrays on a solid surface, typically a glass slide, on which dna oligonucleotides are deposited or synthesized in a high-density matrix with a predetermined spatial order. several types of dna microarrays have been developed and used for various biological studies. here, we developed an undergraduate laboratory exercise using an arabidopsis dna microarray to study the gene expression of brassica rapa, wisconsin fast plant. genes involved in senescence, cell wall l ...200721591140
late-bolting transgenic chinese cabbage obtained by rna interference technique.leafy (lfy) gene plays an important role in determining plant flowering mainly by controlling the timing of phase transition. constitutive under-expression of lfy in arabidopsis resulted in the formation of a late-flowering and highly branching phenotype. in this paper, an rnai approach was used in down-regulated lfy gene expression to delay chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) bolting and flowering. the results show that transgenic plant has a later transition to the reproductive ...200717960044
glucosinolate concentration in turnip (brassica rapa ssp. rapifera l.) roots as affected by nitrogen and sulfur supply.three greenhouse pot experiments were conducted with four different nitrogen (n) treatments (80, 160, 240, and 320 kg ha (-1)) in combination with three sulfur (s) treatments (10, 20, and 60 kg ha (-1)) to study the effects of combined n and s supply on glucosinolate concentration and composition in turnip roots. total glucosinolate concentration varied widely from 9.7 (n 320s 10) to 91.6 (n 160s 60) mg (100 g) (-1) root fresh weight (fw) and individual glucosinolate concentrations were increase ...200717854152
development of srap, snp and multiplexed scar molecular markers for the major seed coat color gene in brassica rapa l.seed coat color inheritance in b. rapa was studied in f(1), f(2), f(3), and bc(1) progenies from a cross of a canadian brown-seeded variety 'span' and a bangladeshi yellow sarson variety 'bari-6'. a pollen effect was found when the yellow sarson line was used as the maternal parent. seed coat color segregated into brown, yellow-brown and bright yellow classes. segregation was under digenic control where the brown or yellow-brown color was dominant over bright yellow seed coat color. a sequence r ...200717846742
effects of recombination on hitchhiking diversity in the brassica self-incompatibility locus complex.in self-incompatibility, a number of s haplotypes are maintained by frequency-dependent selection, which results in trans-specific s haplotypes. the region of several kilobases (approximately 40-60 kb) from sp6 to sp2, including self-incompatibility-related genes and some adjacent genes in brassica rapa, has high nucleotide diversity due to the hitchhiking effect, and therefore we call this region the "s-locus complex." recombination in the s-locus complex is considered to be suppressed. we sequ ...200717720932
metabolic characterization of brassica rapa leaves by nmr spectroscopy.the brassica has been intensively studied due to the nutritional and beneficial effects. however, many species, varieties, and cultivars of this genus and the resulting large metabolic variation have been obstacles for systematic research of the plant. in order to overcome the problems posed by the biological variation, the metabolomic analysis of various cultivars of brassica rapa was performed by nmr spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis. discriminating metabolites in different ...200717708639
bcmf5, a pollen coat protein gene (pcp), from brassica rapa. ssp. chinensis, involved in the transcription of different lengths of 3'-utrs of pcps.two transcript-derived fragments (genbank accession number dn237907.1 and dn237908.1) with high homology accumulated in the wild-type flower buds of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. chinensis makino) are isolated and investigated. by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), the full length cdna of the two fragments were obtained. the alignment of their cdna sequence showed that they are identical except for differences in a few nucleotides and should belong to the same gene, namely, b rass ...200817676432
a ground-based comparison of nutrient delivery technologies originally developed for growing plants in the spaceflight environment.a ground-based comparison of plant nutrient delivery systems that have been developed for microgravity application was conducted for dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l. 'yecora rojo') and rapid-cycling brassica (brassica rapa l. crgc#1-33) plants. these experiments offer insight into nutrient and oxygen delivery concerns for greenhouse crop production systems. the experiments were completed over a 12-day period to simulate a typical space shuttle-based spaceflight experiment. the plant materials, ...200717654790
the reference genetic linkage map for the multinational brassica rapa genome sequencing project.we describe the construction of a reference genetic linkage map for the brassica a genome, which will form the backbone for anchoring sequence contigs for the multinational brassica rapa genome sequencing project. seventy-eight doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture of the f(1) of a cross between two diverse chinese cabbage (b. rapa ssp. pekinensis) inbred lines, 'chiifu-401-42' (c) and 'kenshin-402-43' (k) were used to construct the map. the map comprises a total of 556 markers, incl ...200717646962
cloning of fatty acid elongase1 gene and molecular identification of a and c genome in brassica species.the fatty acid elongase 1 (fae1) genes of brassic napus were cloned from two cultivars, i.e. zhongshuan no. 9 with low erucic acid content, and zhongyou 821 with high erucic acid content, using the degenerate pcr primers. the sequence analysis showed that there was no intron within the fae1 genes. the fae1 genes from zhongyou 821 contained a coding sequence of 1521 nucleotides, and those cloned from zhongshuan no. 9 contained a 1517 bp coding sequence. alignment of the fae1 sequences from brassi ...200717609891
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