Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| identification, synthesis, and safety assessment of forchlorfenuron (1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea) and its metabolites in kiwifruits. | identification and evaluation of safety of forchlorfenuron ((1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea)), 1, metabolites after biotransformation in kiwifruit is the objective of this study. to elucidate properties of these metabolites, liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (lc-it-tof-ms) was applied, with metid solution and formula predictor software in positive mode. cytotoxicity of forchlorfenuron and its metabolites were tested through sulforhodamine b assays agains ... | 2015 | 25757044 |
| recognition pattern of kiwi seed storage proteins in kiwifruit-allergic children. | 2015 | 26184705 | |
| kiwifruit anaphylaxis: the usefulness of molecular-based allergy diagnostics. | 2015 | 26182694 | |
| fruit quality evaluation using spectroscopy technology: a review. | an overview is presented with regard to applications of visible and near infrared (vis/nir) spectroscopy, multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging techniques for quality attributes measurement and variety discrimination of various fruit species, i.e., apple, orange, kiwifruit, peach, grape, strawberry, grape, jujube, banana, mango and others. some commonly utilized chemometrics including pretreatment methods, variable selection methods, discriminant methods and calibration methods are bri ... | 2015 | 26007736 |
| report of postharvest rot of kiwifruit in korea caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | in may 2014, sclerotinia rot symptoms caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum were observed on stored kiwifruit in jinju, south korea. the symptoms appeared as soft, water-soaked lesions on fruit covered with a white mycelium. the morphological characteristics and the internal transcribed spacer sequences of rrna of the pathogen isolated from the sclerotinia rot showed it to be s. sclerotiorum. this was confirmed by performing a pathogenicity test with pure cultures of s. sclerotiorum and by reisolat ... | 2015 | 25996522 |
| the impact of sodium nitroprusside and ozone in kiwifruit ripening physiology: a combined gene and protein expression profiling approach. | despite their importance in many aspects of plant physiology, information about the function of oxidative and, particularly, of nitrosative signalling in fruit biology is limited. this study examined the possible implications of o3 and sodium nitroprusside (snp) in kiwifruit ripening, and their interacting effects. it also aimed to investigate changes in the kiwifruit proteome in response to snp and o3 treatments, together with selected transcript analysis, as a way to enhance our understanding ... | 2015 | 26159933 |
| elusive structural, functional, and immunological features of act d 5, the green kiwifruit kiwellin. | kiwellin (act d 5) is an allergenic protein contained in kiwifruit pulp in high amounts. the aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional structure of the natural molecule from green kiwifruit and its possible function. kiwellin was crystallized, and its structure, including post-translational modifications, was elucidated. the molecular weight and structural features, in solution, were analyzed by gel filtration and circular dichroism, respectively. although structurally similar t ... | 2015 | 26146952 |
| physiological and psychological effects of viewing a kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa 'hayward') orchard landscape in summer in japan. | the physiological and psychological relaxation effects of viewing a kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa 'hayward') orchard landscape were investigated. seventeen japanese adult females (46.1 ± 8.2 years) viewed a kiwifruit orchard landscape or a building site (control) for 10 min. the heart rate variability and heart rate were determined. the modified semantic differential method and the short-form profile of mood states were used to assess the psychological effects. compared with viewing the buildin ... | 2015 | 26110331 |
| nondietary gut materials interfere with the determination of dietary fiber digestibility in growing pigs when using the prosky method. | reported negative ileal and total tract dietary fiber (df) digestibility values are physiologically untenable and suggest the presence of nondietary material in the gut contents that interferes with the df determination. | 2015 | 26063063 |
| effect of γ-cyclodextrin as a lyoprotectant for freeze-dried actinidin. | actinidin (atd) is a cysteine protease found in kiwifruit. it is used to tenderize meat and to enhance the digestion of proteins in the small intestine. however, atd is unstable during freeze-drying, which alters its bioactivity. it is well known that sugars have the ability to protect proteins from the stress of freeze-drying. in this study, we investigated the protective effect of various saccharides on the stability of atd during freeze-drying. the atd activities of the samples containing γ-c ... | 2015 | 26062296 |
| kiwifruit flower odor perception and recognition by honey bees, apis mellifera. | volatile organic compounds (vocs) from male and female kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa 'hayward') flowers were collected by dynamic headspace sampling. honey bee (apis mellifera) perception of the flower vocs was tested using gas chromatography coupled to electroantennogram detection. honey bees consistently responded to six compounds present in the headspace of female kiwifruit flowers and five compounds in the headspace of male flowers. analysis of the floral volatiles by gas chromatography-mas ... | 2015 | 26027748 |
| effect of kiwifruit on bone resorption in ovariectomized mice. | kiwifruit is a good source of dietary components and has beneficial effects for health. in this study, we investigated the effects of two types of kiwifruit, green kiwifruit (grk) and gold kiwifruit (gok), on bone metabolism in ovariectomized (ovx) mice. seven-week-old female balb/c-strain mice were divided into four groups: sham-operated (sham) group, ovx group, and ovx mice that were fed a grk-supplemented diet or gok-supplemented diet. freeze-dried grk and gok were prepared and added in the d ... | 2015 | 26440641 |
| encapsulated green kiwifruit extract: a randomised controlled trial investigating alleviation of constipation in otherwise healthy adults. | previous clinical trials have shown bowel function is improved through consumption of whole kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa). this study investigated whether encapsulated kiwifruit extract (1 g/day) could alleviate constipation in otherwise healthy adults. | 2015 | 26420182 |
| ozone-induced kiwifruit ripening delay is mediated by ethylene biosynthesis inhibition and cell wall dismantling regulation. | ozone treatments are used to preserve quality during cold storage of commercially important fruits due to its ethylene oxidizing capacity and its antimicrobial attributes. to address whether or not ozone also modulates ripening by directly affecting fruit physiology, kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv. 'hayward') were stored in very low ethylene atmosphere at 0°c (95% rh) in air (control) or in the presence of ozone (0.3μll(-1)) for 2 or 4 months and subsequently ripened at 20°c (90% rh) for up t ... | 2014 | 25443835 |
| hydrogen sulfide extends the postharvest life and enhances antioxidant activity of kiwifruit during storage. | exogenous hydrogen sulfide (h₂s) treatment can prolong the postharvest life of cut flowers and strawberries. little work has been done to explore the effects of h₂s on respiratory climacteric fruits such as kiwifruits during storage. therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of h₂s treatment at concentrations of 15–1000 µmol l⁻¹ on the postharvest life of kiwifruit during 25 °c storage and the role of h₂s in regulating the antioxidant defensive system of kiwifruit. | 2014 | 25328925 |
| proteomic analysis of mg132-treated germinating pollen reveals expression signatures associated with proteasome inhibition. | chemical inhibition of the proteasome has been previously found to effectively impair pollen germination and tube growth in vitro. however, the mediators of these effects at the molecular level are unknown. by performing 2de proteomic analysis, 24 differentially expressed protein spots, representing 14 unique candidate proteins, were identified in the pollen of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) germinated in the presence of the mg132 proteasome inhibitor. qpcr analysis revealed that 11 of these pr ... | 2014 | 25265451 |
| effects of topical kiwifruit on healing of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer. | kiwifruit (actindia deliciosa) is demonstrated to have antibacterial and pro-angiogenic effects. it also contains proteolytic enzymes (actinidin) and ascorbic acid. in this study, the effects of kiwifruit on neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer healing in clinical settings were evaluated. | 2014 | 25197293 |
| manipulation of flavour and aroma compound sequestration and release using a glycosyltransferase with specificity for terpene alcohols. | glycosides are an important potential source of aroma and flavour compounds for release as volatiles in flowers and fruit. the production of glycosides is catalysed by udp-glycosyltransferases (ugts) that mediate the transfer of an activated nucleotide sugar to acceptor aglycones. a screen of ugts expressed in kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) identified the gene adgt4 which was highly expressed in floral tissues and whose expression increased during fruit ripening. recombinant adgt4 enzyme glycos ... | 2014 | 25088478 |
| establishment of a rapid, inexpensive protocol for extraction of high quality rna from small amounts of strawberry plant tissues and other recalcitrant fruit crops. | strawberry plant tissues and particularly fruit material are rich in polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds, thus rendering the isolation of nucleic acids a difficult task. this work describes the successful modification of a total rna extraction protocol, which enables the isolation of high quantity and quality of total rna from small amounts of strawberry leaf, root and fruit tissues. reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification of gapdh housekeeping gene from iso ... | 2014 | 24321691 |
| actinidin from kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv. hayward) increases the digestion and rate of gastric emptying of meat proteins in the growing pig. | the present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary actinidin on the kinetics of gastric digestion of beef muscle proteins and on the rate of stomach emptying in growing pigs. for this purpose, 120 pigs (mean body weight 28 (sd 2·9) kg) were fed beef muscle protein-based diets containing either actinidin (fresh green kiwifruit pulp or gold kiwifruit pulp supplemented with purified actinidin) or no actinidin (fresh gold kiwifruit pulp or green kiwifruit pulp with inactivated actinidin). ... | 2014 | 24252432 |
| [monolith column solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography in online mode for the determination of forchlorfenuron in fruits]. | a novel method based on the monolithic column solid-phase extraction (spe) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography in online mode was developed for the determination of trace forchlorfenuron in fruits. the enrichment factor of spe for forchlorfenuron was 214. the method was fully validated. it showed a linear range of 0.01-50.00 microg/l and a limit of detection of 25 ng/l, with the relative standard deviation (rsd) of 3.9%. the proposed method was successfully applied for the determ ... | 2014 | 25069331 |
| antimicrobial peptides against pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and erwinia amylovora: chemical synthesis, secondary structure, efficacy, and mechanistic investigations. | we report on structurally modified dodecapeptide amides (kyklfkkilkfl-nh2) and two analogs of a hexapeptide amide (wrwycr-nh2) with antibacterial activity against the gram negative pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) and erwinia amylovora (ea). dodecapeptide minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) ranged from 3.2 to 15.4 µm, with the unmodified peptide being the most potent against both pathogens. the unmodified dodecapeptide also had 32-58% α-helicity in membrane mimetic enviro ... | 2014 | 24122768 |
| meiotic chromosome pairing behaviour of natural tetraploids and induced autotetraploids of actinidia chinensis. | non-preferential chromosome pairing was identified in tetraploid actinidia chinensis and a higher mean multivalent frequency in pollen mother cells was found in colchine-induced tetraploids of a. chinensis compared with naturally occurring tetraploids. diploid and tetraploid actinidia chinensis are used for the development of kiwifruit cultivars. diploid germplasm can be exploited in a tetraploid breeding programme via unreduced (2n) gametes and chemical-induced chromosome doubling of diploid cu ... | 2014 | 24306317 |
| an extremely rare trigger of kounis syndrome: actinidia chinensis. | 2014 | 24456873 | |
| dietary actinidin from kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv. hayward) increases gastric digestion and the gastric emptying rate of several dietary proteins in growing rats. | dietary actinidin influences the extent to which some dietary proteins are digested in the stomach, and it is hypothesized that the latter modulation will in turn affect their gastric emptying rate (ge). in this study, the effect of dietary actinidin on ge and gastric digestion of 6 dietary protein sources was determined in growing rats. each dietary protein source [beef muscle, gelatin, gluten, soy protein isolate (spi), whey protein isolate, and zein] was included in 2 semisynthetic diets as t ... | 2014 | 24431326 |
| [agrobacterium-mediated transformation of ljamp2 gene into 'red sun' kiwifruit and its molecular identification]. | bacterial canker caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is one of the most important diseases of kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) and leads to considerable yield losses. in order to obtain transgenic plants with resistance for 'red sun' kiwifruit to canker disease, a non-specific lipid transfer protein-like antimicrobial protein gene (ljamp2) from motherwort (leonurus japonicus) was introduced into 'red sun' kiwifruit through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. after two days of co-cult ... | 2014 | 25212010 |
| crystal structure of kiwellin, a major cell-wall protein from kiwifruit. | kiwellin is a cysteine-rich, cell wall-associated protein with no known structural homologues. it is one of the most abundant proteins in kiwifruit (actinidia spp.), and has been shown to be recognised by ige of some patients allergic to kiwifruit. cleavage of kiwellin into an n-terminal 4 kda peptide called kissper and a core domain called kith is mediated by actinidin in vitro, and isolation of the kissper peptide from green-fleshed kiwifruit extracts suggested it may result from in vivo proce ... | 2014 | 25093947 |
| structure characterization and anti-tyrosinase mechanism of polymeric proanthocyanidins fractionated from kiwifruit pericarp. | to provide information on the structure, activity, and structure-activity relationship of kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) pericarp proanthocyanidins (pas), they were separated into three fractions. these fractions were further identified by maldi-tof ms and hplc-esi-ms methods. spectra results revealed that they are complex mixtures of b-type propelargonidins, procyanidins, procyanidins gallate, and prodelphinidins. enzymatic activity analysis showed that these compounds strongly inhibit the act ... | 2014 | 24939165 |
| programmed cell death in kiwifruit stigmatic arms and its relationship to the effective pollination period and the progamic phase. | kiwifruit is a crop with a highly successful reproductive performance, which is impaired by the short effective pollination period of female flowers. this study investigates whether the degenerative processes observed in both pollinated and non-pollinated flowers after anthesis may be considered to be programmed cell death (pcd). | 2014 | 24782437 |
| isolation and partial characterization of bacteriophages infecting pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker. | the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. in the last years, it has caused severe economic losses to actinidia spp. cultivations, mainly in italy and new zealand. conventional strategies adopted did not provide adequate control of infection. phage therapy may be a realistic and safe answer to the urgent need for novel antibacterial agents aiming to control this bacterial pathogen. in this study, we described the isolation an ... | 2014 | 24810619 |
| proteomic analysis of the actinidia deliciosa leaf apoplast during biotrophic colonization by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | for plant pathogenic bacteria, adaptation to the apoplast is considered as key in the establishment of the parasitic lifestyle. pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), the causal agent of the bacterial canker of kiwifruit, uses leaves as the entry site to colonize plants. through a combined approach based on 2-de, nanolc-esi-lit-ms/ms and quantitative pcr, we investigated psa colonization of the actinidia deliciosa "hayward" leaf apoplast during the bacterial biotrophic phase. a total of 58 d ... | 2014 | 24530627 |
| ethylene-producing bacteria that ripen fruit. | ethylene is a plant hormone widely used to ripen fruit. however, the synthesis, handling, and storage of ethylene are environmentally harmful and dangerous. we engineered e. coli to produce ethylene through the activity of the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) from pseudomonas syringae. efe converts a citric acid cycle intermediate, 2-oxoglutarate, to ethylene in a single step. the production of ethylene was placed under the control of arabinose and blue light responsive regulatory systems. the resu ... | 2014 | 25393892 |
| influence of green and gold kiwifruit on indices of large bowel function in healthy rats. | the effects of kiwifruit on large bowel health were investigated in healthy rats. four-week old sprague-dawley rats were given diets containing 10% homogenized green kiwifruit, gold kiwifruit or 10% glucose solution (control) over 4 or 6 wk. green kiwifruit increased the fecal output compared to control. growth of certain bacterial species in cecum was influenced by both green and gold kiwifruit. a significant increase in cecal lachnospiraceae in rats fed the green kiwifruit diet was observed at ... | 2014 | 25048562 |
| identification of bacteriophages for biocontrol of the kiwifruit canker phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a reemerging pathogen which causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit (actinidia sp.). since 2008, a global outbreak of p. syringae pv. actinidiae has occurred, and in 2010 this pathogen was detected in new zealand. the economic impact and the development of resistance in p. syringae pv. actinidiae and other pathovars against antibiotics and copper sprays have led to a search for alternative management strategies. we isolated 275 phages, 258 of which were active ... | 2014 | 24487530 |
| prevalence, distribution, and diversity of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and salmonella in kiwifruit orchards and processing plants. | the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and diversity of three foodborne bacteria in kiwifruit orchards and processing plants. fourteen kiwifruit orchards and two processing plants in shaanxi province were visited for sampling in 2012. fruit samples and environmental samples in orchards and plants were taken for isolation of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and salmonella. all isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection ... | 2014 | 25054781 |
| molecular characteristics of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated in korea and a multiplex pcr assay for haplotype differentiation. | the molecular features of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated in korea were compared with strains isolated in japan and italy. sequencing of eight p. syringae pv. actinidiae and three p. syringae pv. theae strains revealed a total of 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 4,818 bp of the concatenated alignment of nine genes. a multiplex pcr assay was developed for the detection of p. syringae pv. actinidiae and for the specific detection of recent haplotype strains other than ... | 2014 | 25288991 |
| the kiwifruit emerging pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae does not produce ahls but possesses three luxr solos. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is an emerging phytopathogen causing bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit plants worldwide. quorum sensing (qs) gene regulation plays important roles in many different bacterial plant pathogens. in this study we analyzed the presence and possible role of n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) quorum sensing in psa. it was established that psa does not produce ahls and that a typical complete luxi/r qs system is absent in psa strains. psa however possesses thre ... | 2014 | 24498215 |
| alt a 1 from alternaria interacts with pr5 thaumatin-like proteins. | alt a 1 is a protein found in alternaria alternata spores related to virulence and pathogenicity and considered to be responsible for chronic asthma in children. we found that spores of alternaria inoculated on the outer surface of kiwifruits did not develop hyphae. nevertheless, the expression of alt a 1 gene was upregulated, and the protein was detected in the pulp where it co-localized with kiwi pr5. pull-down assays demonstrated experimentally that the two proteins interact in such a way tha ... | 2014 | 24642375 |
| genetic analysis of resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) in a kiwifruit progeny test: an application of generalised linear mixed models (glmms). | linear mixed models (lmms) that incorporate genetic and spatial covariance structures have been used for many years to estimate genetic parameters and to predict breeding values in animal and plant breeding. although the theoretical aspects for extending lmm to generalised linear mixed models (glmms) have been around for some time, suitable software has been developed only within the last decade or so. the glimmix procedure in sas® is becoming popular for fitting glmms in various disciplines. ap ... | 2014 | 26034671 |
| daily kiwifruit consumption did not improve blood pressure and markers of cardiovascular function in men with hypercholesterolemia. | increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is a key lifestyle modification in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. kiwifruit has previously been shown to have favorable effects on blood pressure (bp), likely through inhibiting angiotensin i-converting enzyme activity. we hypothesized that the replacement of 2 fruit servings in a healthy diet with 2 green kiwifruit a day would significantly improve bp and other markers of cardiovascular function, including heart rate, stroke volume, card ... | 2014 | 24655490 |
| hydrogen-rich water delays postharvest ripening and senescence of kiwifruit. | the effect of hydrogen-rich water (hrw) on prolonging the shelf life of kiwifruit and possible underlying mechanisms were assessed. our results revealed that hrw (30%, 80%, and 100%) displayed different effects in inhibiting the rot of kiwifruit. among these treatments, 80% hrw had the most significant effect by decreasing the rot incidence and preserving the firmness of kiwifruit. this conclusion was supported by the fact that 80% hrw treatment could effectively alleviate pectin solubilization ... | 2014 | 24629944 |
| synergistic defensive function of raphides and protease through the needle effect. | raphides, needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals in tissues of many plants, have been thought to play defensive roles against herbivores without detailed bioassays for their defensive roles and modes of function using purified raphides. in order to examine the defensive roles and modes of function of raphides in a clear experimental system, we performed bioassays giving the larvae of the eri silkmoth, samia ricini (saturniidae), leaves of their host plant, the castor oil plant, ricinus communis ... | 2014 | 24621613 |
| proteolytic activities of kiwifruit actinidin (actinidia deliciosa cv. hayward) on different fibrous and globular proteins: a comparative study of actinidin with papain. | actinidin, a member of the papain-like family of cysteine proteases, is abundant in kiwifruit. to date, a few studies have been provided to investigate the proteolytic activity and substrate specificity of actinidin on native proteins. herein, the proteolytic activity of actinidin was compared to papain on several different fibrous and globular proteins under neutral, acidic and basic conditions. the digested samples were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sd ... | 2014 | 24604128 |
| modeling the effects of light and sucrose on in vitro propagated plants: a multiscale system analysis using artificial intelligence technology. | plant acclimation is a highly complex process, which cannot be fully understood by analysis at any one specific level (i.e. subcellular, cellular or whole plant scale). various soft-computing techniques, such as neural networks or fuzzy logic, were designed to analyze complex multivariate data sets and might be used to model large such multiscale data sets in plant biology. | 2014 | 24465829 |
| survey of quality indicators in commercial dehydrated fruits. | physical and chemical quality parameters (dry matter, aw, protein, carbohydrates, vitamin c, 2-furoylmethyl amino acids, rehydration ratio and leaching loss) have been determined in 30 commercial dehydrated fruits (strawberry, blueberry, raspberry, cranberry, cherry, apple, grapefruit, mango, kiwifruit, pineapple, melon, coconut, banana and papaya). for comparison purposes, strawberry samples processed in the laboratory by freeze-drying and by convective drying were used as control samples. over ... | 2014 | 24360417 |
| triterpene acids from apple peel inhibit lepidopteran larval midgut lipases and larval growth. | fruit extracts from apple, kiwifruit, feijoa, boysenberry, and blueberry were screened for the presence of lipase inhibitory compounds against lepidopteran larval midgut crude extracts. from 120 extracts, six showed significant inhibition with an extract from the peel of malus × domestica cv. "big red" showing highest levels of inhibition. because this sample was the only apple peel sample in the initial screen, a survey of peels from seven apple cultivars was undertaken and showed that, despite ... | 2014 | 24753088 |
| variation in gastric ph may determine kiwifruit's effect on functional gi disorder: an in vitro study. | consumption of kiwifruit is reported to relieve symptoms of functional gastrointestinal (gi) disorder. the effect may be related to the proteases in kiwifruit. this in vitro study aimed to measure protein hydrolysis due to kiwifruit protease under gastric and duodenal conditions. a sequence of experiments incubated meat protein, with and without kiwifruit, with varying concentrations of pepsin and hydrochloric acid, at 37 °c for 60 min over the ph range 1.3-6.2 to simulate gastric digestion. duo ... | 2014 | 24732018 |
| pre-anthesis cppu low dosage application increases 'hayward' kiwifruit weight without affecting the other qualitative and nutritional characteristics. | in 2008, in central italy, a low dosage of cppu solution, 4 μl l(-1) (6 hl/ha), was sprayed on the canopy of vines of 'hayward' kiwifruit, at the "break of sepals", about one week before anthesis, to study its effects on fruit weight/size and on qualitative and nutritional characteristics. at harvest, cppu, with respect to control, significantly increased the fresh weight by about 12% (+12.6 g fruit(-1)) and consequently the yield per vine, without affecting fruit shape, firmness, dry matter (%) ... | 2014 | 24731335 |
| overexpression of the kiwifruit svp3 gene affects reproductive development and suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis in petals, but has no effect on vegetative growth, dormancy, or flowering time. | svp-like mads domain transcription factors have been shown to regulate flowering time and both inflorescence and flower development in annual plants, while having effects on growth cessation and terminal bud formation in perennial species. previously, four svp genes were described in woody perennial vine kiwifruit (actinidia spp.), with possible distinct roles in bud dormancy and flowering. kiwifruit svp3 transcript was confined to vegetative tissues and acted as a repressor of flowering as it w ... | 2014 | 24948678 |
| detailed characterization of act d 12 and act d 13 from kiwi seeds: implication in ige cross-reactivity with peanut and tree nuts. | act d 12 (11s globulin) and act d 13 (2s albumin) are two novel relevant allergens from kiwi seeds that might be useful to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and the management of kiwifruit-allergic patients. | 2014 | 25041438 |
| act d 12 and act d 13: two novel, masked, relevant allergens in kiwifruit seeds. | 2014 | 24990823 | |
| the effect of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) cysteine protease actinidin on the occludin tight junction network in t84 intestinal epithelial cells. | actinidin, a kiwifruit cysteine protease, is a marker allergen for genuine sensitization to this food allergen source. inhalatory cysteine proteases have the capacity for disruption of tight junctions (tjs) enhancing the permeability of the bronchial epithelium. no such properties have been reported for allergenic food proteases so far. the aim was to determine the effect of actinidin on the integrity of t84 monolayers by evaluating its action on the tj protein occludin. immunoblot and immunoflu ... | 2014 | 25042511 |
| determination of forchlorfenuron in fruits by solid phase or quechers extraction and lc-uv or lc/ms/ms. | forchlorfenuron, n-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-n'-phenylurea, is a plant growth regulator used to increase the size of kiwifruit, apples, table grapes, and peaches and to promote increased yields of potatoes, rice, and wheat. this study reports the comparison of the performances of two extraction methods [quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (quechers) and spe] and two analytical methods (lc-uv and a lc/ms/ms) when determining forchlorfenuron in apples, kiwis, and grapes. both extraction m ... | 2014 | 25051647 |
| effects of daidzein and kiwifruit on bone mineral density and equol production in ovariectomised rats. | in this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of daidzein (dz) and kiwifruit on bone and equol production in ovariectomised (ovx) rats. female sprague-dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sham operated, ovx control, ovx fed 0.1% dz-supplemented diet (ovx + dz), ovx fed 0.1% dz and green kiwifruit (grk)-supplemented diet (ovx + dz + grk) and ovx fed 0.1% dz and gold kiwifruit (gok)-supplemented diet (ovx + dz + gok). there were no significant differences in whole bod ... | 2014 | 24251973 |
| inhibitory effects of kiwifruit extract on human platelet aggregation and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. | previous human studies suggest that supplementation with kiwifruits lowers several cardiovascular risk factors such as platelet hyperactivity, blood pressure and plasma lipids. the cardiovascular health benefit of fruit and vegetables is usually attributed to the complex mixture of phytochemicals therein; however, kiwifruit's cardioprotective factors are not well studied. in this study, we investigated the effects of kiwifruit extract on human blood platelet aggregation and plasma angiotensin-co ... | 2014 | 24219176 |
| relationships between the leaf and fruit mineral compositions of actinidia deliciosa var. hayward according to nitrogen and potassium fertilization. | the variations of the elements that are examined most frequently during foliar analysis were determined for kiwi as a function of different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer loads. the values recorded demonstrated the existence of a relation between the leaves and the fruit. two groups of elements were identified that exhibited different responses. the first group comprised elements that, in leaves and fruits, presented a different evolution as a function of at least one of the fertilizers. this ... | 2014 | 24206717 |
| taqib polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) gene influences lipid responses to the consumption of kiwifruit in hypercholesterolaemic men. | fruit and vegetables are key elements of a cardioprotective diet, but benefits on plasma lipids, especially hdl-cholesterol (hdl-c), are inconsistent both within and between studies. in the present study, we investigated whether four selected hdl-c-related polymorphisms (cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) taq1b, apoa1 - 75g/a, hepatic lipase (lipc) - 514c → t, and endothelial lipase (lipg) i24582) modulate the plasma lipid response to a kiwifruit intervention. this is a retrospective anal ... | 2014 | 24176024 |
| inflammatory status modulates plasma lipid and inflammatory marker responses to kiwifruit consumption in hypercholesterolaemic men. | kiwifruit has the potential to improve markers of metabolic dysfunction, but the response may be influenced by inflammatory state. we aimed to investigate whether inflammatory state would modulate the effect of consuming two green kiwifruit daily on plasma lipids and markers of inflammation. | 2014 | 24099724 |
| effect of ultrasound treatment on the water state in kiwifruit during osmotic dehydration. | the present work investigates how ultrasound pretreatment modulates the effects of osmotic dehydration (od) on the water state and microstructure of kiwifruit. kiwifruit slices (10mm thick) were subjected to ultrasonic waves in a water bath at a frequency of 35 khz for 10, 20 and 30 min. od process was then carried out by immersing the samples in 61.5% sucrose solution equilibrated at 25°c for a contact period of 0, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min. the partition of water into the cellular tissue stru ... | 2014 | 24099537 |
| pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the aegean region, turkey. | the purpose of this study was to investigate pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the aegean region of turkey. a total of 1423 samples of fresh fruit and vegetables were collected from 2010 to 2012. the samples were analysed to determine the concentrations of 186 pesticide residues. the analyses utilized ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (uplc/ms/ms) and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (gc-ecd) confirmed by gas chro ... | 2014 | 24799252 |
| do sun- versus shade-grown kiwifruits perform differently upon storage? an overview of fruit maturity and nutraceutical properties of whole and fresh-cut produce. | fresh-cut produce represents a good method to save about 25% of the kiwifruit not useful to meet the fresh fruit-marketing standard due to improper size and shape. for that reason, fresh-cut kiwifruit has been extensively studied. however, the comprehension of the influence of some aspects of cultivation might further increase the shelf life as well as the nutritional values of that fruit. this study explored the hypothesis that kiwifruits grown fully exposed to sunlight or partially shaded diff ... | 2014 | 24762186 |
| characterization of the allergenic potential of proteins: an assessment of the kiwifruit allergen actinidin. | assessment of the potential allergenicity (ige-inducing properties) of novel proteins is an important challenge in the overall safety assessment of foods. resistance to digestion with pepsin is commonly measured to characterize allergenicity, although the association is not absolute. we have previously shown that specific ige antibody production induced by systemic [intraperitoneal (i.p.)] exposure of balb/c strain mice to a range of proteins correlates with allergenic potential for known allerg ... | 2014 | 23754484 |
| comparative pathogenicity, biocontrol efficacy, and multilocus sequence typing of verticillium nonalfalfae from the invasive ailanthus altissima and other hosts. | verticillium wilt, caused by verticillium nonalfalfae, is currently killing tens of thousands of highly invasive ailanthus altissima trees within the forests in pennsylvania, ohio, and virginia and is being considered as a biological control agent of ailanthus. however, little is known about the pathogenicity and virulence of v. nonalfalfae isolates from other hosts on ailanthus, or the genetic diversity among v. nonalfalfae from confirmed ailanthus wilt epicenters and from locations and hosts n ... | 2014 | 24134719 |
| genetic stability assessments of plantlets regenerated from cryopreserved in vitro cultured grape and kiwi shoot-tips using rapd. | in vitro cultured shoot-tips of four grape (vitis vinifera) cultivars and one kiwi (actinidia deliciosa) cultivar were cryopreserved using the encapsulation-dehydration method. genomic dna of plantlets regenerated directly from cryopreserved shoot-tips was extracted and analyzed using the rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) technique. the rapd profiles obtained were highly reproducible and no differences were found between the dna patterns obtained with plantlets regenerated from control and ... | 2014 | 14566391 |
| strategies of functional foods promote sleep in human being. | sleep is a vital segment of life, however, the mechanisms of diet promoting sleep are unclear and are the focus of research. insomnia is a general sleep disorder and functional foods are known to play a key role in the prevention of insomnia. a number of studies have demonstrated that major insomnia risk factors in human being are less functional foods in dietary. there are higher functional components in functional foods promoting sleep, including tryptophan, gaba, calcium, potassium, melatonin ... | 2014 | 26005400 |
| development of an immunochromatographic assay based on carbon nanoparticles for the determination of the phytoregulator forchlorfenuron. | rapid analytical methods enabling the determination of diverse targets are essential in a number of research areas, from clinical diagnostics to feed and food quality and safety. herein, the development of a quantitative immunochromatographic assay for the detection of the synthetic phytoregulator forchlorfenuron (cppu) is described. the competitive lateral flow immunoassay (lfia) was based on the immobilization onto a nitrocellulose membrane of an ovalbumin-cppu conjugate (test line) and on the ... | 2013 | 23202348 |
| headspace gas-liquid chromatographic determination of dithiocarbamate residues in fruits and vegetables with confirmation by conversion to ethylenethiourea. | ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (ebdc) residues were determined as carbon disulfide (cs2) by an improved headspace gas-liquid chromatographic (glc) procedure. among 837 samples of 30 agricultural commodities tested, 43% contained residues above the detection limit for the method: 100% of broccoli samples; 80% of cabbage, kiwifruit, and grape samples; and 71% of cucumber samples. most of the residues in kiwifruit were on or near the skin. elimination of false-positive detections by the improved meth ... | 2013 | 8946720 |
| in vitro studies of polyphenols, antioxidants and other dietary indices in kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa). | the main aim of the present study was the evaluation of proteins and antioxidant potential in ethylene-treated kiwifruit during the first 10 days of ripening. kiwifruit samples were randomly divided into two groups: treated and untreated. flesh firmness, sensory value, visual score, free sugars, soluble solids, ethylene biosynthesis, proteins, dietary fibers, total polyphenols and antioxidant potential were determined in both groups. ethylene (100 ppm) at 20 degrees c for 24 h was used in the tr ... | 2013 | 16849119 |
| a biophysical model of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) berry development. | a model of kiwifruit berry development is presented, building on the model of fishman and génard used for peach fruit. that model has been extended to incorporate a number of important features of kiwifruit growth. first, the kiwifruit berry is attached to the stem through a pedicel/receptacle complex which contributes significantly to the hydraulic resistance between the stem and the fruit, and this resistance changes considerably during the season. second, much of the carbohydrate in kiwifruit ... | 2013 | 24123250 |
| clonal differences in antioxidant activity and bioactive constituents of hardy kiwifruit (actinidia arguta) and its year-to-year variability. | hardy kiwifruit (actinidia arguta) is a new species, commercially grown in recent years. total phenolics (tpc), vitamin c (taa) content, antioxidant activity (aa) and their year-to-year variability in seven hardy kiwifruit clones were evaluated. tpc was determined using the folin-ciocalteu reagent assay. taa was estimated by determination of l-ascorbic acid and l-dehydroascorbic acid levels using high-performance liquid chromatography. aa was measured using diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (dpph), 2,2 ... | 2013 | 23070974 |
| expression patterns and promoter characteristics of the gene encoding actinidia deliciosa l-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase involved in the response to light and abiotic stresses. | the gene encoding l-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase (gpp) plays a central role in ascorbic acid (asa) biosynthesis in plants. here, we report asa contents, gpp expression, and functioning of its promoter in response to light, exogenous stress-signalling hormones, or abiotic stresses in kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa). to identify the upstream region of gpp required for promoter activity, we constructed a series of promoter deletion derivatives. each construct was analyzed by agrobacterium-medi ... | 2013 | 23070919 |
| influence of cultivation parameters on the composition of volatile compounds and physico-chemical characteristics of kiwi fruit. | the effect of four cultivation parameters (post-maturity harvest date, storage period at 0 °c and input of nitrogen or potassium fertilisers) on the physico-chemical characteristics and composition of volatile compounds in kiwi fruit (actinidia deliciosa) were evaluated. five physico-chemical parameters were selected, namely, ph, total acidity, dry matter, conductivity and refractive index. to our knowledge, no published data are available concerning the influence of nitrogen or potassium fertil ... | 2013 | 22936621 |
| characterisation of kiwifruit and asparagus enzyme extracts, and their activities toward meat proteins. | two plant enzyme extracts from kiwifruit and asparagus were evaluated for their ability to hydrolyse commercially available substrates and proteins present in both beef connective tissue and topside myofibrillar extracts. the results show significant differences in protease activity depending on the assay used. protease assays with connective tissue and meat myofibrillar extracts provide a more realistic evaluation of the potential of the enzymes for application in meat tenderization. overall, t ... | 2013 | 23122154 |
| maternal inheritance of mitochondrial genomes and complex inheritance of chloroplast genomes in actinidia lind.: evidences from interspecific crosses. | the inheritance pattern of chloroplast and mitochondria is a critical determinant in studying plant phylogenetics, biogeography and hybridization. to better understand chloroplast and mitochondrial inheritance patterns in actinidia (traditionally called kiwifruit), we performed 11 artificial interspecific crosses and studied the ploidy levels, morphology, and sequence polymorphisms of chloroplast dna (cpdna) and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of parents and progenies. sequence analysis showed that th ... | 2013 | 23337924 |
| kiwifruit proteins and enzymes: actinidin and other significant proteins. | protein is a minor but significant component of kiwifruit. crude protein is typically measured at about 1% of fresh weight; however, soluble protein is much less, around 0.3%. the difference can be accounted for by nonprotein nitrogen and insoluble protein, such as polypeptide chains forming part of the cell wall. kiwifruit soluble protein is mostly accounted for by the proteolytic enzyme actinidin and its inactive forms, a so-called thaumatin-like protein and an unusual protein called kiwellin, ... | 2013 | 23394982 |
| over-accumulation of putrescine induced by cyclohexylamine interferes with chromium accumulation and partially restores pollen tube growth in actinidia deliciosa. | both trivalent and hexavalent chromium, i.e., cr(iii) and cr(vi), respectively, were previously demonstrated to affect in vitro germination and ultrastructure of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) pollen. in the present work, the response to chromium in germinating pollen was evaluated in terms of changes in the polyamine profile. slight, though significant, increases in free spermidine and spermine occurred after exposure to cr(iii), while the levels remained almost unchanged after cr(vi) treatmen ... | 2013 | 23835360 |
| conformational mobility of active and e-64-inhibited actinidin. | actinidin, a protease from kiwifruit, belongs to the c1 family of cysteine proteases. cysteine proteases were found to be involved in many disease states and are valid therapeutic targets. actinidin has a wide ph activity range and wide substrate specificity, which makes it a good model system for studying enzyme-substrate interactions. | 2013 | 23803410 |
| light and abiotic stresses regulate the expression of gdp-l-galactose phosphorylase and levels of ascorbic acid in two kiwifruit genotypes via light-responsive and stress-inducible cis-elements in their promoters. | ascorbic acid (asa) plays an essential role in plants by protecting cells against oxidative damage. gdp-l-galactose phosphorylase (ggp) is the first committed gene for asa synthesis. our research examined asa levels, regulation of ggp gene expression, and how these are related to abiotic stresses in two species of actinidia (kiwifruit). when leaves were subjected to continuous darkness or light, aba or meja, heat, or a hypoxic environment, we found some correlation between the relative levels of ... | 2013 | 23775440 |
| effects of kivia powder on gut health in patients with occasional constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | to evaluate the efficacy of kivia powder on supporting overall gut health through the relief of the discomfort of occasional constipation. | 2013 | 23758673 |
| the effects of fruit maturation, delayed storage and ethylene treatment on the incidence of low-temperature breakdown of 'hayward' kiwifruit. | low-temperature breakdown (ltb), a disorder inducing quality loss, during and after cold storage of 'hayward' kiwifruit was investigated. harvested kiwifruits during fruit maturation or after delayed storage (ds) at 20 °c for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks and 1 µl l⁻¹ ethylene treatment for 24 h were stored at -0.5 °c for 24 weeks and additional ripening at 20 °c for 5 days. fruit quality indices and ltb incidence and severity were determined before and after treatments. | 2013 | 22777890 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding kiwifruit l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase, a key gene of inositol formation. | l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (mips; ec 5.5.1.4) is the key enzyme involved in de novo synthesis of myo-inositol, leading to numerous cellular functions. we isolated an open reading frame of actinidia deliciosa mips (admips), which is 1,533 bp long and codes for 510 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 56.3 kda. sequence analysis revealed its high similarity with mips proteins from other organisms. gene expression and enzyme activity were highest in flower and young fruit. tra ... | 2013 | 23065229 |
| characterisation of the polyphenol content in the kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) exocarp for the calibration of a fruit-sorting optical sensor. | kiwifruit contains high amounts of anti-oxidants beneficial to health. its quality is influenced by ripening time, genotype, cultivation techniques, climate and storage conditions after harvest. | 2013 | 23716352 |
| in vitro toxicity of silver nanoparticles to kiwifruit pollen exhibits peculiar traits beyond the cause of silver ion release. | the vast use of silver nanoparticles (agnps) mandates thorough investigation of their impact on biosystems at various levels. the cytotoxicity of pvp coated-agnps to pollen, the aploid male gametophyte of higher plants, has been assessed here for the first time. the negative effects of agnps include substantial decreases in pollen viability and performance, specific ultrastructural alterations, early changes in calcium content, and unbalance of redox status. ag⁺ released from agnps damaged polle ... | 2013 | 23702492 |
| the composition and nutritional value of kiwifruit. | understanding the nutrient composition of kiwifruit is central to discussions of the nutritional value and potential health benefits of kiwifruit. until recently, there were only limited validated data providing extensive compositional information available as reference values for common commercial cultivars. as a genus, actinidia is diverse in both form and composition; however, there are several notable compounds that, within the context of fruit, are the signature of actinidia: vitamin c, act ... | 2013 | 23394981 |
| kiwifruit: the wild and the cultivated plants. | the defining characteristics of the genus actinidia, to which kiwifruit belong, are described. taxonomic relationships between the two important cultivated species, a. chinensis and a. deliciosa, are summarized, and the history of the domestication of these two species is outlined. most commercially important kiwifruit cultivars are selections from the wild, not the result of planned breeding programs. there is great variability within the genus, and it is therefore important when considering th ... | 2013 | 23394980 |
| kiwifruit consumption favourably affects plasma lipids in a randomised controlled trial in hypercholesterolaemic men. | the unique composition of green kiwifruit has the potential to benefit cvd risk. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of consuming two green kiwifruits daily in conjunction with a healthy diet on plasma lipids and other metabolic markers and to examine response according to apoe genotype in hypercholesterolaemic men. after undergoing a 4-week healthy diet, eighty-five hypercholesterolaemic men (ldl-cholesterol (ldl-c) > 3.0 mmol/l and tag < 3 mmol/l) completed an 8-week ran ... | 2013 | 23151354 |
| kiwifruit allergy across europe: clinical manifestation and ige recognition patterns to kiwifruit allergens. | kiwifruit is a common cause of food allergy. symptoms range from mild to anaphylactic reactions. | 2013 | 23141741 |
| lc-ms-ms determination and pharmacokinetic study of the novel anti-tumor candidate drug teoa in rats. | 2α, 3α, 24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (teoa) is a prominent ursane-type triterpenoid isolated from the root of actinidia deliciosa, which has numerous pharmacological activities. to date, there is no report on the pharmacokinetic characterization of teoa in biological samples. a specific, sensitive and robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms-ms) method is reported for the fast assay of teoa in rat plasma. plasma sample preparation was based on liquid-liquid extraction w ... | 2013 | 23139245 |
| changes in the bound aroma profiles of 'hayward' and 'hort16a' kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) during ripening and gc-olfactometry analysis. | bound volatiles are recognised as a potential source of aroma compounds in fruits. in this study, the bound volatiles of actinidia deliciosa 'hayward' and a. chinensis 'hort16a' were studied at three different ripening stages. the bound volatile content tended to increase as the fruit ripened from under-ripe to ripe, and then decreased in over-ripe fruit. glycosides of (z)-3-hexen-1-ol and hexanol (green-note volatiles) were present in considerable amounts. β-glucosidase activity in 'hayward' an ... | 2013 | 23199989 |
| identification and thermal stability of purple-fleshed sweet potato anthocyanins in aqueous solutions with various ph values and fruit juices. | thirteen anthocyanins were identified in the purple-fleshed sweet potato cultivar jihei no. 1. the main anthocyanins were 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside derivatives from cyanidin and peonidin, acylated with p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, or caffeic acid. a unique anthocyanin, delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside was also found. the thermal stability of purple-fleshed sweet potato anthocyanins (pspas) followed a first-order kinetics model. aqueous solutions with various ph (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) and fruit j ... | 2013 | 23194545 |
| kiwifruit and mineral nutrition. | dietary minerals are essential nutrients that drive key cellular and physiological functions. each mineral is absorbed in the gut via unique, complex pathways that can involve a cascade of receptors and binding proteins. foods can both provide dietary minerals and contain components that impact the bioavailability of minerals in the digestive system. kiwifruit exceeds most other fruits in its content of key micronutrients including potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, and folate. it ... | 2013 | 23394991 |
| kiwifruit: taking its place in the global fruit bowl. | while the world total production of kiwifruit has increased by over 50% during the last decade, the kiwifruit remains a niche fruit, taking up an estimated 0.22% of the global fruit bowl, which is dominated by apples, oranges, and bananas. even though kiwifruit's share of the global fruit bowl has remained largely unchanged over the past 15 years, the scope for growth in the category is significant, with the nutritional and production characteristics of kiwifruit being on the right side of key g ... | 2013 | 23394979 |
| nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of bioactive compounds in organic and conventional growing kiwifruit. | the bioactivity of two kiwifruit's cultivars growing under organic and conventional conditions were studied and compared. the bioactive compounds were extracted with water and ethanol using similar conditions which are applied in pharmaceutical applications and for daily fruit consumption such as tea drink. antioxidant radical scavenging assays [ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (frap); cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (cuprac); 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (abts)], ... | 2013 | 23386202 |
| kiwifruit modulation of gastrointestinal motility. | disorders of gastrointestinal motility are common, resulting in a decreased quality of life of individuals, and an economic burden. gastrointestinal motility is categorized according to location within the gastrointestinal tract: stomach, small intestine, and colon, with the colon being the dominant compartment in determining overall gastrointestinal transit. constipation results from gastrointestinal dysmotility and is a significant chronic health issue globally. clinical studies in a range of ... | 2013 | 23394990 |
| modification of the colonic microbiota. | it is becoming clear that the ecology and functionality of the human gut microbiota are extremely diverse and complex. the microbiota have coevolved with us metabolically to live symbiotically and to share the workload of extracting nutrients and energy from the diet. it is also clear that a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, and whole grain cereals is good for general health and gut health and that this is due partly to the phytochemicals and partly to the nondigestible carbohydrates (or dietary f ... | 2013 | 23394989 |
| digestion of kiwifruit fiber. | dietary fiber affects the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. moreover, it is generally believed that fiber largely escapes digestion in the human small intestine and is therefore mainly a substrate for microbial fermentation in the hindgut. kiwifruit is a food naturally high in dietary fiber, yet the impact of dietary kiwifruit on nutrient availability has not been reported. the digestion of kiwifruit has been investigated but only in in vitro digestion studies. ... | 2013 | 23394988 |
| kiwifruit, mucins, and the gut barrier. | kiwifruit has long been regarded in china, where it originated from, for its health properties and particularly in relation to digestion and general gut health. there are a number of physical and chemical properties of the fruit, including its dietary fiber content, the presence of raphides, its high water holding capacity and actinidin content, that suggest that kiwifruit may be effective in influencing gut mucin production and thus enhancing the integrity of the gut barrier. the mucous layer, ... | 2013 | 23394987 |
| influence of kiwifruit on protein digestion. | green kiwifruit consumption has long been thought to assist in the digestion of food proteins due to the presence of the proteolytic enzyme actinidin. this chapter reviews the recent findings of both in vitro and in vivo studies on the effect of green kiwifruit (which contain the enzyme actinidin) on the gastro- and small-intestinal digestion of a range of common food proteins and protein-rich foods including milk, meat, fish, eggs, legumes, and cereal proteins. clear evidence is provided that g ... | 2013 | 23394986 |
| the bioavailability of vitamin c from kiwifruit. | vitamin c is an essential component of the diet for humans, and an adequate intake is important not only for the prevention of scurvy but also to limit the risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. to achieve a regular and adequate intake, daily consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables is recommended. the vitamin c content of food varies widely, however, and plasma levels generally reflect the amount consumed, regardless of its origin. kiwifruit are one of the premie ... | 2013 | 23394985 |
| secondary metabolite components of kiwifruit. | both green and gold kiwifruit contain high concentrations of vitamin c, and much of the "health story" of kiwifruit involves this vitamin. kiwifruit also contain other compounds that are bioactive and beneficial to health. in this chapter, the secondary metabolite composition of kiwifruit is presented. although there are limited compositional data for kiwifruit published in the scientific literature, the concentrations of 42 compounds have been documented. included are compounds that are often a ... | 2013 | 23394984 |