Publications

the maintenance of respiratory control at 25 degrees c by mitochondria from various animal and plant sources.	1. mitochondria from four different animal and five different plant sources exhibit a wide variation in their capacity to maintain respiratory control at 25 degrees c. 2. beef heart mitochondria, and pear and avocado fruit mitochondria exhibit the longest retention of respiratory control extending to periods of approximately 80 and 40 hr, respectively.	1978	318361
structural changes in the pollinated and unpollinated avocado stigma and style.	structural changes in the pollinated and unpollinated avocado (persea americana mill) stigma and style up to 42 h after first opening of the flower were investigated using light and electron microscopy. the pollen tubes grew in the stigma secretion and intercellular substance and initial contact occurred between the plasma membrane of the male and the cuticle and stigma secretion of the female. the pollen tube wall started to develop 15 min after pollination and increased in thickness up to 24 h ...	1994	521474
[unsaponifiable fractions of the avocado and soy bean in gyneocology].	the experimental work of robert on the action of the unsaponifiable fractions of the avocado pear and soya bean on inflammatory granulomata of the rat gives rise to the supposition that these have a selective action on inflamed connective tissue by a process of katabolism of collagen through proteolytic enzymes. we have used this anti-inflammatory and collagenolytic action in gynaecology, with favourable results particularly in post-inflammatory and post-infective conditions as well as scarring ...	1977	558245
a comparison of the properties in vitro of biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylase in the mesocarp from avocado pear (persea americana) and syrian-hamster hepatic tissue.		1975	1132558
effects of preincubation invitro with 3, 4-benzopyrene and phenobarbital on the drug-metabolism systems present in the microsomal and soluble fractions of the avocado pear (persea americana).		1975	1132559
the synthesis of fatty acids in avocado mesocarp and cauliflower bud tissue.	1. plastid and mitochondrial preparations were obtained by density-gradient centrifugation of homogenates made by gentle disintergration of avocado fruit mesocarp and cauliflower bud tissue. 2. the mitochondrial preparations had respiratory activity but did not incorporate [1-14c]acetate into fatty acids. 3. the plastid preparations incorporated [1--14c]acetate into the range of fatty acids found in the parent tissue. no fatty acid synthetase activity could be detected in the 12000g supernatant ...	1975	1156380
cellulase and polygalacturonase involvement in the abscission of leaf and fruit explants of peach.	ethylene-induced abscission in leaf and fruit explants of peach involves different enzymes. in leaves abscission is accompanied by increased occurrence of cellulase forms differing in isoelectric point (pi 6.5 and 9.5). a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 51 kda gives in a western blot a strong cross-reaction with an antibody raised against a maturation cellulase from avocado fruit. cellulase activity is also found in abscising fruit explants but the amount is very low compared to that of the ...	1992	1281437
characterization and kinetic parameters of ethylene-forming enzyme from avocado fruit.	biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene in higher plants proceeds via the following pathway: s-adenosylmethionine----1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc)----ethylene. ethylene-forming enzyme (efe), the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of acc to ethylene, has been only partially characterized in vitro. we have obtained authentic efe activity in vitro from extracts of avocado fruit (persea americana mill. cv hass). ammonium sulfate fractionation revealed the presence of two efe activi ...	1992	1556109
3-oxoacyl-[acp] reductase from oilseed rape (brassica napus).	3-oxoacyl-[acp] reductase (e.c. 1.1.1.100, alternatively known as beta-ketoacyl-[acp] reductase), a component of fatty acid synthetase has been purified from seeds of rape by ammonium sulphate fractionation, procion red h-e3b chromatography, fplc gel filtration and high performance hydroxyapatite chromatography. the purified enzyme appears on sds-page as a number of 20-30 kda components and has a strong tendency to exist in a dimeric form, particularly when dithiothreitol is not present to reduc ...	1992	1562581
evaluation of selected plants for acute toxicosis in budgerigars.	pairs of budgerigars were given samples, by gavage, of plants considered potentially toxic to pet birds. samples were prepared by flash-freezing and powdering fresh plant material in liquid nitrogen and resuspending the material in deionized water for administration. of the 19 plants tested, only 6 induced clinical signs of illness; these plants included yew, oleander, clematis, avocado, black locust, and virginia creeper (taxus media, nerium oleander, clematis sp, persea americana, robinia pseu ...	1992	1577644
sequence analysis of ripening-related cytochrome p-450 cdnas from avocado fruit.	the ripening of avocado fruit is associated with the expression of a number of mrnas concomitant with overt changes in texture and flavor. two overlapping cdnas for a mrna that accumulates during ripening were identified. sequence analysis of these two cdnas revealed a polypeptide of 471 amino acids with characteristics of a typical p-450: an n-terminal hydrophobic membrane anchor, a conserved heme-binding domain in the c-terminal region, and patches of similarity to various p-450 family members ...	1990	1692626
endafs, a novel family e endoglucanase gene from fibrobacter succinogenes ar1.	the complete nucleotide sequence of endafs, an endoglucanase gene isolated from the ruminal anaerobe fibrobacter succinogenes ar1, was determined. endafs encodes two overlapping open reading frames (orf1 and orf2), and it was proposed that a -1 ribosomal frameshift was required to allow contiguous synthesis of a 453-amino-acid endoglucanase. a proline- and threonine-rich region at the c terminus of orf1 and rare codons for arginine and threonine were coincident with the proposed frameshift site. ...	1991	1708767
suspected avocado (persea americana) poisoning in goats.	a herd of 15 cameroon goats was suspected of having been poisoned by eating leaves of the fuerte variety of avocado pear (persea americana). two of the affected goats were examined clinically, while necropsies were carried out on 3 of the 4 that had died. the most significant clinical findings were tachycardia, hyperpnoea and evidence of lung oedema. at necropsy severe lung oedema, hydrothorax and hydropericardium were present. severe myocardial degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis were the major ...	1991	1770497
a dictyostelium discoideum cellulase is a member of a spore germination-specific gene family.	a member of the 270 spore germination-specific gene family in dictyostelium discoideum is shown to encode a cellulase (endo-(1,4)-beta-d-glucanase, ec 3.2.1.4) activity. the 270-6 deduced protein shows 38% identity and 58% similarity to an avocado (persea americana) cellulase. during spore germination in dictyostelium extracellular cellulase activity starts to accumulate coincident with the appearance of the 270-6 gene transcript. amoebae transformed by a vector containing the 270-6 mrna sequenc ...	1991	1869562
a shared internal threonine-glutamic acid-threonine-proline repeat defines a family of dictyostelium discoideum spore germination specific proteins.	a cdna denoted prk270 hybridizes to two mrna species in rna blots. the mrnas specific to this clone are not expressed during vegetative growth and multicellular development. they are, however, found predominantly during early stages of spore germination, suggesting that their synthesis is rapidly and coordinately turned on during germination. two different cdnas named 270-6 and 270-11 were isolated, representing the two mrnas. dna blot analysis shows that 270 is a multigene family. four genes we ...	1990	1976383
avocado (persea americana) poisoning of horses.		1991	2025211
dictyostelium discoideum gene family contains a long internal amino acid repeat.	two different cdna clones denoted pto270-6 and pto270-11 represent two mrnas that are developmentally regulated during spore germination in dictyostelium discoideum. the respective mrnas are found only during early germination and are not present in other stages of growth or multicellular development. four different genomic clones that hybridize to sequences that are common to both of the 270 cdna clones were isolated from dictyostelium libraries and sequenced. two are the genes for the two cdna ...	1991	2049872
cardiomyopathy caused by avocado (persea americana mill) leaves.	six of 21 goats feeding on fresh avocado (persea americana) leaves from pruned trees, showed clinical signs of cardiac distress. some sheep subsequently dosed experimentally at different dosage rates with the same and other avocado varieties, showed clinical signs of respiratory or cardiac distress and myocardial lesions at autopsy.	1991	2051443
nucleotide sequence of a ripening-related cdna from avocado fruit.		1990	2103431
studies on the cytochrome p-450 of avocado (persea [corrected] americana) mesocarp microsomal fraction.	1. because of the low concentration of cytochrome p-450 in avocado fruit, microsomal fractions were prepared using polyethylene glycol aggregation and low-speed centrifugation, thus avoiding the need for high-speed centrifugation of large volumes of post-mitochondrial supernatant. recoveries of cytochrome p-450 by this means (0.29 nmol/g tissue) were similar to those after the usual high-speed centrifugation preparation (0.26 nmol/g). the cytochrome p-450 content of tulip bulb (0.30 nmol/g) was ...	1990	2238705
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier protein) reductase from avocado (persea americana) fruit mesocarp.	the nadph-linked 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier protein) (acp) reductase (ec 1.1.1.100), also known as 'beta-ketoacyl-acp reductase', has been purified from the mesocarp of mature avocado pears (persea americana). the enzyme is inactivated by low ionic strength and low temperature. on sds/page under reducing conditions, purified 3-oxoacyl-acp reductase migrated as a single polypeptide giving a molecular mass of 28 kda. gel-filtration chromatography gave an apparent native molecular mass of 130 kda, sug ...	1990	2244875
sequence analysis of the clostridium stercorarium celz gene encoding a thermoactive cellulase (avicelase i): identification of catalytic and cellulose-binding domains.	the nucleotide sequence of the celz gene coding for a thermostable endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (avicelase i) of clostridium stercorarium was determined. the structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 2958 bp which encodes a preprotein of 986 amino acids with an mr of 109,000. the signal peptide cleavage site was identified by comparison with the n-terminal amino acid sequence of avicelase i purified from c. stercorarium culture supernatants. the recombinant protein expressed in escherichia ...	1990	2250652
sequencing and expression of a cellodextrinase (ced1) gene from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c cloned in escherichia coli.	the nucleotide sequence of a 2.314 kb dna segment containing a gene (ced1) expressing cellodextrinase activity from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was determined. the b. fibrisolvens h17c gene was expressed from a weak internal promoter in escherichia coli and a putative consensus promoter sequence was identified upstream of a ribosome binding site and a gtg start codon. the complete amino acid sequence (547 residues) was deduced and homology was demonstrated with the clostridium thermocellum en ...	1990	2250655
isolation and characterization of a cellulase gene family member expressed during avocado fruit ripening.	we present in this paper the structural analysis of two members of a small cellulase gene family, designated cel1 and cel2, from avocado. these genes were isolated by screening a lambda embl3 genomic library with a ripening-induced cellulase cdna. restriction endonuclease and southern blot analyses showed that the cel1 gene is highly homologous to the cellulase cdna and thus represents a ripening-related cellulase gene. the other cellulase gene, cel2, is closely related to cel1, but is divergent ...	1990	2259345
isolation and characterization of mutants of streptococcus mutans using selective removal of wild-type cells by agglutination with an agglutinin from persea americana.	persea americana agglutinin (paa), a substance known to bind basic proteins and inhibit the sucrose-independent adherence of streptococcus mutants to saliva = coated hydroxyapatite (staat et al., 1980) was used to selectively enrich for mutants defective in a variety of cell surface associated virulence characteristics from cultures uab62 (ps14 riff, serotype c), uab66 (6715 strr spcr, serotype g) and uab77 (gs5, serotype c). following mutagenesis and growth for segregation and phenotypic expres ...	1987	2442971
pathological changes in the mammary gland and biochemical changes in milk of the goat following oral dosing with leaf of the avocado (persea americana).	two varieties of avocado leaves (persea americana var guatemalan and var mexican) were administered to lactating goats. the mexican variety was without effect. the guatemalan variety in doses exceeding 20 g fresh leaf per kg bodyweight, produced damage to the mammary gland with decreased milk production. the lesions were characterised by oedema and reddening, with clots in the large ducts. microscopically, there was widespread degeneration and necrosis of the secretory epithelium, the necrotic c ...	1989	2775063
avocado (persea americana) intoxication in caged birds.	avocados of 2 varieties were mashed and administered via feeding cannula to 8 canaries and 8 budgerigars. two control budgerigars were given water via feeding cannula. six budgerigars and 1 canary died within 24 to 47 hours after the first administration of avocado. deaths were associated with administration of both varieties of avocado. higher dose was associated with greater mortality. the 2 budgerigars given water were normal throughout the observation period. results indicated that avocados ...	1989	2914792
lectin agglutination of thermophilic campylobacter species.	agglutination tests with lectins indicated differences in the surface composition of strains of the thermophilic (optimum temperature 42 degrees c) campylobacter species c. coli, c. faecalis, c. hyointestinalis, c. jejuni and c. laridis. all strains examined were agglutinated by the protein-reactive agglutinins of mangifera indica (mango) and persea americana (avocado) and a large proportion was also agglutinated by the carbohydrate-reactive lectins of canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) and tritic ...	1987	3439012
the effects of fruit juices and fruits on the absorption of iron from a rice meal.	the effects of the chemical composition of fruit juices and fruit on the absorption of iron from a rice (oryza sativa) meal were measured in 234 parous indian women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive fe method. the corrected geometric mean fe absorptions with different juices varied between 0.040 and 0.129, with the variation correlating closely with the ascorbic acid contents of the juices (rs 0.838, p less than 0.01). ascorbic acid was not the only organic acid responsible for t ...	1987	3593665
separation of viroid rnas by cellulose chromatography indicating conformational distinctions.	a series of viroids and viroid-like rnas extracted from citron (citrus medica), grapevine (vitis vinifera), and avocado (persea americanum) displayed differential binding capacities to cellulose in the presence of ethanol. this nonionic interaction was influenced by the presence of magnesium ions suggesting variations in conformation among the viroid rnas and corresponding differences in reactivity with cellulose. the specific elution profiles present a basis for the subclassification of groups ...	1986	3776103
intratumor chemotherapy in combination with a systemic antimetastatic drug in the treatment of lewis-lung carcinoma.	the effect of an antimetastatic agent plus intratumor chemotherapy was evaluated in mice bearing lewis-lung carcinoma by measuring survival time and by histological examination. polymeric flavan-3,4-diol (apf) from avocado seeds, persea gratissima, administered alone directly into the tumor did not change survival time, although it partially destroyed the primary tumor. however, the drug administered in combination with an antimetastatic, 1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)ethane (icrf-154), result ...	1985	3835980
studies of phytophthora citricola, isolated from persea americana.		1974	4437579
[isolation and determination of vitamin d in avocado (persea gratissima)].		1974	4447702
fatty acid biosynthesis by avocado pear.		1974	4474578
stereochemical aspects of the formation of double bonds in abscisic acid.	the stereochemistry of the hydrogen elimination that occurs during the formation of the delta(4)- and delta(2)'-double bonds of abscisic acid has been determined from the (14)c/(3)h ratios in abscisic acid biosynthesized by avocado fruit from [2-(14)c,(2r)-2-(3)h(1)]-, [2-(14)c,(2s)-2-(3)h(1)]- and [2-(14)c,(5s)-5-(3)h(1)]-mevalonate. setting the (14)c/(3)h ratio at 3:3 for [2-(14)c,(2r)-2-(3)h(1)]mevalonate, the corresponding ratio in derived methyl abscisate was 3:2.28; the analogous ratio for ...	1972	4643698
[study of the nutritional value of avocado--persea americana miller].		2009	4659314
lipid composition of plant mitochondria and of chloroplasts.	the mitochondrial lipids from avocado fruit, cauliflower buds, and potato tubers, and the lipids of chloroplasts isolated from avocado fruit and from cauliflower leaves were identified and the concentrations were determined. the lipid composition was compared with that of beef heart mitochondria. phospholipids constituted 50-56% of total lipids in plant mitochondria while this fraction made up 90% of the lipids in beef heart mitochondria. in both cases the chief phospholipids were phosphatidylch ...	1973	4698270
new antibacterial agent isolated from the avocado pear.	a group of eight new long-chain aliphatic compounds recently isolated from the avocado and some derivatives thereof were tested for antibacterial activity on 13 different species of bacteria and a yeast. some of these compounds inhibited the growth of microorganisms. 1,2,4-trihydroxy-n-hepadeca-16-en was found to be the most active, inhibiting certain gram-positive bacteria at 4 mug/ml.	1970	4985830
the utilization in vitro of different avocado fruit constituents by colletotrichum gloeosporioides.		1972	5042611
the biosynthesis of steryl glucosides in plants.	mitochondrial preparations from pea root (pisum sativum l. var. alaska) cauliflower inflorescence (brassica cauliflora gars.) and avocado inner mesocarp (persea americana mill. var. fuerte), and chloroplast preparations from spinach leaf (spinacia oleracea l. var. bloomsdale) incorporate glucose into steryl glucoside and acylated steryl glucoside when either uridine diphosphate-glucose or uridine diphosphate-galactose is supplied as precursor. in the case of pea root mitochondria, galactosyl dig ...	1970	5423466
the site of fatty acid biosynthesis in the avocado pear.		1970	5492822
effect of ionizing radiation on respiration and ethylene production of avocado fruit.		1965	5833212
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. vii. oxidative and phosphorylative activities throughout the climacteric cycle.		1965	5842698
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. 8. particles from different regions of the fruit.		1966	5916345
protein synthesis in avocado fruit tissue.		1966	5966519
protein and nucleic acid metabolism in fruits. i. studies of amino acid incorporation during the climacteric rise in respiration of the avocado.	incorporation of (14)c l-valine and (14)c l-leucine into protein of tissue slices of the avocado fruit was relatively high during the early stages of the climacteric rise, declined sharply thereafter, and was virtually absent at the peak. the incorporation of amino acids in the preclimacteric stage was markedly lower than during the early stage of the respiratory rise. by following incorporation in relation to uptake at several concentrations it was established that the results were not a reflec ...	1966	5978544
metabolic processes in cytoplasmic particles of the avocado fruit. ix. the oxidation of pyruvate and malate during the climacteric cycle.	mitochondria isolated from preclimacteric avocado fruit oxidize pyruvate at a much lower rate than those separated from climacteric fruit. the external addition of thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp) increased the rate of pyruvate oxidation in both cases. the study of the influence of tpp on the rate of oxidation of malate by mitochondria obtained from both preclimacteric and climacteric fruit indicated that the effect of this cofactor could be understood by assuming that malate was converted to pyruva ...	1967	6042356
acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase from avocado (persea americana) plastids and spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts.	preparations of acetyl-coa carboxylase [acetyl-coa-carbon-dioxide ligase (adp-forming), ec 6.4.1.2] have been obtained from the plastids of avocado (persea americana) fruit mesocarp and from spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. both preparations required bovine serum albumin, hco3-, citrate and glycerol for stabilization. the molecular weight of the avocado enzyme was about 6.5 x 10(5) on the basis of 1 mol of biotin/mol of enzyme, the behaviour of both enzymes on gel filtration being in ac ...	1980	6146308
the interaction of brucella cell surface components with plant agglutinins.	cells of all brucella species were agglutinated by the basic protein-reactive lectins of mangifera indica and persea americana. cells of non-smooth strains including b. ovis and b. canis but not smooth strains were also agglutinated by concanavalin a. these lectins also reacted in a similar pattern with lipopolysaccharide extracts of these organisms. the lectin from bandeiraea simplicifolia precipitated with the lipopolysaccharide antigens of smooth brucella organisms and with those of serologic ...	1984	6208071
adherence of oral streptococci: evidence for nonspecific adsorption to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite surfaces.	it is proposed that binding of oral streptococci to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite (sha) surfaces is a multifactorial process involving both specific and nonspecific receptors. in this context, specific binding is described as a high-affinity, saturable interaction between the cell and binding surface. conversely, nonspecific binding is considered to be a nonsaturable, generalized, low-affinity reaction. experimental differentiation of specific binding from nonspecific binding was achieved with a ...	1984	6327530
toxicity of avocado (persea americana (guatamalan var)) leaves: review and preliminary report.		1984	6541397
n-demethylation of p-chloro-n-methylaniline catalyzed by subcellular fractions from the avocado pear (persea americana).	subcellular fractions from the avocado pear ( persea americana) catalyzed formation of p-chloroaniline from p-chloro-n-methylaniline. fractions prepared by centrifugation of avocado homogenates at 20, 000g for 20 min formed p-chloroaniline (2900 +/- 500 pmol min-1 mg protein-1) with an nadph-generating system. p-chloroaniline formation required reduced pyridine nucleotide (nadph was 6-7 times more effective than nadh) and o2. n-demethylation was inhibited by co (55% inhibition at co:o2 = 1) and ...	1984	6732241
the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols in microsomal preparations of developing cotyledons of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.).	the synthesis of triacylglycerols was investigated in microsomes (microsomal fractions) prepared from the developing cotyledons of sunflower (helianthus annuus). particular emphasis was placed on the mechanisms involved in controlling the c18- unsaturated-fatty-acid content of the oils. we have demonstrated that the microsomes were capable of: the transfer of oleate from acyl-coa to position 2 of sn-phosphatidylcholine for its subsequent desaturation and the return of the polyunsaturated product ...	1984	6743281
the characteristics of some components of the fatty acid synthetase system in the plastids from the mesocarp of avocado (persea americana) fruit.	preparations of nadh-specific and nadph-specific 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase enzymes (ec 1.1.1.100), enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (ec 1.3.1.9) and [acyl-carrier-protein] malonyltransferase (ec 2.3.1.39) have been purified from preparations of avocado mesocarp plastids and characterised. the enzymes are quite similar in molecular and kinetic characteristics to analogous enzymes known in escherichia coli and euglena and are clearly components of a type-ii fatty acid synthe ...	1982	7075600
[action of soluble carbohydrates from avocado (persea gratissima gaertner) fruit on utilization of calcium in the rat].	ethanolic extract containing soluble sugars was prepared from avocados (variety americana) coming from madagascar. in this extract, thin layer and paper chromatography showed the presence of a ketoheptose, the mannoheptulose, in amount of 0.1 g/ml extract or 1.1 g/100 g fresh pulp. physiological experiments were performed with avocado extract and comparatively with a sample of commercial mannoheptulose. six-month-old rats were given by stomach tube 10 mm cacl2 solution (+ 45ca) containing a carb ...	1980	7224495
lectin-like activity from persea americana.	an extract from the seeds of persea americana possessed an erythro-agglutinating activity. the agglutinin was devoid of specificity for carbohydrates, but interacted readily with basic proteins or basic polyamino acids. the interaction between the agglutinin and egg-white lysozyme was not inhibited by chaotropic salts, but was sensitive to relatively low concentrations of urea. an affinity chromatographic procedure was developed in an effort to purify the agglutinin. products from the chromatogr ...	1980	7353211
streptococcus mutans adherence: presumptive evidence for protein-mediated attachment followed by glucan-dependent cellular accumulation.	adherence of streptococcus mutans to smooth surfaces has been attributed to the production of sucrose-derived d-glucans. however, several studies indicate that the bacterium will adhere in the absence of sucrose. the present data confirmed that s. mutans adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads in the absence of sucrose is described by the langmuir equation. the nature of the sucrose-independent adherence was studied with the persea americana agglutinin as a selective adherence inhibitor. ...	1980	7380545
cardiomyopathy in ostriches (struthio camelus) due to avocado (persea americana var. guatemalensis) intoxication.	nine out of 120 ostriches died from congestive heart failure within 96 h of ingesting avocado leaves and immature fruit in an avocado orchard containing hass and fuerte cultivars. foliage and immature fruit from both cultivars dosed to ostriches (n = 4) and domestic hens (n = 8) resulted in severe cardiomyopathy in all the ostriches. in the hens, which had received a lower dose, milder lesions occurred. macroscopically the intoxication in ostriches resulted in a severe anasarca of the neck and v ...	1994	7595917
solubilisation, partial purification and properties of acyl-coa: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from avocado (persea americana) fruit mesocarp.	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (g3pat) activity was studied using a microsomal membrane fraction from avocado (persea americana) mesocarp. g3pat was shown to be an integral membrane protein, having an active site that appeared to be accessible to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum, in experiments using limited proteolytic digestion. chaps solubilisation (0.25%, w/v) of microsomal g3pat activity was used as an initial step in purification of this enzyme. both chaps-solubilise ...	1995	7599174
purification and properties of wall-bound endo-1, 4-beta-glucanase from suspension-cultured poplar cells.	a wall-bound endo-1, 4-beta-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.4) was obtained from a preparation of the cell walls of suspension-cultured poplar cells and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by cation-exchange, hydrophobic, and gel-filtration chromatography. the molecular mass was estimated to be 47 kda by sds-page and 48 kda by gel filtration on superdex 200 pg. the isoelectric point (pi) was 5.6. the purified enzyme catalyzed the endo-hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose with an optimal ph of 6.5, a km ...	1995	7640890
isolation and characterization of genes expressed uniquely during appressorium formation by colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidia induced by the host surface wax.	appressorium formation in germinating colletotrichum gloeosporioides is induced by the surface wax of the host, the avocado fruit. to elucidate the mechanism by which differentiation of appressorium formation is induced, the fungal genes specifically activated by this host signal were sought. from a cdna library of the transcripts present in appressorium-forming conidia, the clones representing nongerminating conidia were removed by hybridization with cdnas synthesized from the nongerminating co ...	1995	7770033
a plant metabolic activation system from persea americana with cytochrome p450-dependent and peroxidase activities.	microsomal fractions from different tissues of various plants (potato, cauliflower, aubergine, avocado pear, courgette, cucumber, banana, kiwi and strawberry) were prepared and their content of cytochrome p-450 (cyt-p450) determined. a s117 fraction from persea americana (avocado pear) presented the highest content of cyt-p450. as a consequence of these data, we have developed and characterized this fraction as a plant metabolic activation system. the p. americana s117, used in this work, contai ...	1995	7770073
expression of a cytochrome p450 gene family in maize.	maize seedlings, like seedlings of many other plants, are rich in cytochrome p450 (p450) enzyme activity. four p450 genes (cypzm1-4), isolated from a seedling-specific cdna library, are characterized by a transient and seedling-specific expression pattern. the maximum steady state mrna levels are reached at 3 days in root and at 7 days in shoot tissue, respectively. all four genes belong to one gene family and are closely related to the cyp71 family of plant p450 genes, which includes the enzyme ...	1995	7823905
[in vitro effect against giardia of 14 plant extracts].	to investigate antigiardiasic activity in plants used in mexico as antidiarrheics and/or antiparasitics.	1994	7839013
allergy to latex, avocado pear, and banana: evidence for a 30 kd antigen in immunoblotting.	allergens of natural latex, latex gloves, avocado pear, and banana extracts were investigated by an immunoblotting technique in sera of patients experiencing associated latex and fruit allergies. extracts were separated by sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electroblotted onto nitrocellulose. after incubation with patients' sera, ige antibodies were revealed by a goat anti-human ige alkaline-phosphatase conjugate. seventeen serum samples from patients with well-documen ...	1995	7852672
putative avocado toxicity in two dogs.	two dogs were seen at the university veterinary teaching hospital, nairobi, kenya, both having histories of dyspnoea, progressively enlarging abdomens, anasarca, ascites, pleural and pericardial effusion, and pulmonary oedema. one of the dogs had a mild neutrophilic leucocytosis, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and proteinuria. histopathological examination of the myocardium revealed some damage to myocytes and a mononuclear cellular infil ...	1994	7898892
cytochrome p-450-catalysed monoterpenoid oxidation in catmint (nepeta racemosa) and avocado (persea americana); evidence for related enzymes with different activities.	a cytochrome p-450 present in ripening avocado (persea americana) fruit mesocarp (cyp71a1) had previously been shown to metabolize the monoterpenoids nerol and geraniol (hallahan et al. (1992) plant physiol. 98, 1290-1297). using dna encoding cyp71a1 as a hybridization probe, we have shown by southern analysis that a related gene is present in the catmint, nepeta racemosa. rna blot analysis, together with western analysis of catmint leaf polypeptides using avocado cyt p-450 antiserum, showed tha ...	1994	7918588
two divergent endo-beta-1,4-glucanase genes exhibit overlapping expression in ripening fruit and abscising flowers.	two structurally divergent endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (egase) cdnas were cloned from tomato. although both cdnas (cel1 and cel2) encode potentially glycosylated, basic proteins of 51 to 53 kd and possess multiple amino acid domains conserved in both plant and microbial egases, cel1 and cel2 exhibit only 50% amino acid identity at the overall sequence level. amino acid sequence comparisons to other plant egases indicate that tomato cel1 is most similar to bean abscission zone egase (68%), whereas ce ...	1994	7994180
purification of pectate lyase produced by colletotrichum gloeosporioides and its inhibition by epicatechin: a possible factor involved in the resistance of unripe avocado fruits to anthracnose.	pectate lyase (pl) from colletotrichum gloeosporioides was purified to apparent homogeneity by hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by isoelectric focusing. the purified preparation showed one band corresponding to 40 kd on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. the isoelectric point of the enzyme was 7.9, and the optimum ph for activity was 8.9. the purified pl efficiently macerated unripe avocado fruit wedges. in vitro translation of mrna from an induced fungal culture revealed ...	1994	8012046
[the in vitro action of plants on vibrio cholerae].	natural products of several plants, according to the geographic location, are used by peruvian people in the popular treatment of diarrhea, with good success. when cholerae cases appeared in peru, we were interested to know the "in vitro" effect against vibrio cholerae 01, of these useful plants to treat diarrhea. the following plants were tested: cichorium intybus, althaea officinalis, psorela glandulosa, geranium maculatum, punica granatum, malus sativa, cydonia oblonga, chenopodium ambrosoide ...	1994	8018898
endo-1,4-beta-glucanase in the cell wall of stems of auxin-treated pea seedlings.	endo-1,4-beta-glucanase induced by treatment of pea seedlings with 2,4-d was extracted from a preparation of the walls of epicotyl cells. the beta-glucanase was purified by chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on con a-sepharose and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the activity of beta-glucanase was retained after removal of sds and extraction from polyacrylamide gels. the band of a protein (46 kda), that corresponded to the activity of endo-1,4-beta-glucan ...	1994	8055174
avocado hypersensitivity.	the avocado (av) is a fruit that belongs to the lauraceae family. we report 17 patients with immediate hypersensitivity to avocado. clinical manifestations in relation to avocado ingestion were as follows: systemic anaphylaxis in seven patients, angioedema/urticaria in six, vomiting in two, bronchial asthma in one, and rhinoconjunctivitis in one. skin prick test (spt) with fresh avocado was positive in all patients with the strong avocado variety (sav) and in 14 patients with the hass avocado va ...	1994	8074265
cloning and characterization of avocado fruit mrnas and their expression during ripening and low-temperature storage.	differential screening of a cdna library made from rna extracted from avocado (persea americana mill cv. hass) fruit stored at low temperature (7 degrees c) gave 23 cdna clones grouped into 10 families, 6 of which showed increased expression during cold storage and normal ripening. partial dna sequencing was carried out for representative clones. database searches found homologies with a polygalacturonase (pg), endochitinase, cysteine proteinase inhibitor and several stress-related proteins. no ...	1993	8095163
characterization and accumulation pattern of an mrna encoding an abscission-related beta-1,4-glucanase from leaflets of sambucus nigra.	a cdna library was produced using mrna extracted from ethylene-treated leaflet abscission zones of common elder (sambucus nigra). screening of the library with the insert from pbac10, which encodes an abscission beta-1,4-glucanase (cellulase) from bean (phaseolus vulgaris), resulted in the isolation of a near-full-length cdna which was designated jet 1. northern analysis, using jet 1 as a probe, detected a transcript of 1.9 kb that accumulated prior to the first visible signs of cell separation. ...	1994	8204832
activation of anthocyanin synthesis genes by white light in eggplant hypocotyl tissues, and identification of an inducible p-450 cdna.	eggplant seedlings (solanum melongena) grown under red light irradiation showed a normal morphology with green, fully expanded cotyledons. when the seedlings grown under red light were irradiated with ultraviolet-containing white light, anthocyanin synthesis was induced in the hypocotyl tissues, especially when a uv light supplement was added. the accumulation of pigments was closely associated with the expression of genes involved in flavonoid synthesis. these genes include chalcone synthase (c ...	1993	8260632
the persistence of engineered agrobacterium tumefaciens in agroinfected plants.	several plant species, including tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), gynura aurantiaca, avocado (persea americana), and grapefruit (citrus paradisi) grafted on troyer citrange (poncirus trifoliata x c. sinensis) were "agro-infected" with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba-4404, carrying a mini-ti plasmid with a dimeric cdna of citrus exocortis viroid (cevd). extracts prepared from tissues of the agroinfected plants 38-90 days after inoculation were plated on selective media and found to contain ...	1993	8274776
cdnas sequences encoding cytochrome p450 (cyp71 family) from eggplant seedlings.	three cytochrome p450 (p450) cdnas were isolated from an eggplant hypocotyl cdna library using eggplant cyp75 cdna as a probe. these cdnas have greater than 65% identity in their amino acid sequences, indicating that they belong to the same family. comparison of these with p450 proteins from other sources showed that the protein with the greatest degree of homology is cyp71, isolated from avocado fruits (approximately 48%). we concluded that they are novel members of the cyp71 gene family (cyp71 ...	1993	8365486
isolation of a ripening and wound-induced cdna from cucumis melo l. encoding a protein with homology to the ethylene-forming enzyme.	a cdna clone (pmel1) was isolated from a climacteric melon fruit cdna library using the tomato ethylene-forming-enzyme (efe) cdna, ptom13, as a probe. northern analysis of rna isolated from wounded leaf and fruit tissue and from preclimacteric and climacteric pericarp tissue was used to determine the pattern of pmel1 rna expression. pmel1 hybridized to a 1.3-kb transcript in climacteric fruit and wounded leaf tissue but was undetectable in preclimacteric fruit and unwounded leaves. maximal expre ...	1993	8444161
cloning and sequencing of a cdna for poplar endo-1,4-beta-glucanase.	a cdna for poplar endo-1,4-beta-glucanase was cloned by use of a synthetic oligonucleotide as probe. the probe was designed on the basis of the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the beta-glucanase from suspension-cultured poplar cells (populus alba l.), and by complete nucleotide sequence of the cdna was determined. the 1,614-bp cdna contained an open reading frame of 1,482 base pairs, encoding 494 amino acids. removal of a putative signal sequence from the deduced amino acid sequence of the pol ...	1995	8564298
isolation and identification of a compound from avocado (persea americana) leaves which causes necrosis of the acinar epithelium of the lactating mammary gland and the myocardium.	it is well known that when lactating livestock eat avocado (persea americana) leaves they may develop non-infectious mastitis and agalactia. this is associated with extensive coagulation necrosis of the secretory acinar epithelium and interstitial oedema, congestion, and haemorrhage. similar lesions have been produced in mammary glands of lactating mice fed a diet containing a small percentage of freeze-dried avocado leaf. tests using these animals have been used to isolate the active principle, ...	1995	8581318
primary structure of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from the fruit of avocado (persea americana mill).	the complete amino acid sequence of a proteinaceous cysteine proteinase inhibitor from the fruit of avocado (avocado cystatin) is presented. the protein consists of 100 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 11,300 da. comparison of this sequence with sequences of plant cysteine proteinase inhibitors (phytocystatins), including oryzacystatins i and ii from rice seeds, cowpea cystatin, and corn cystatin, showed that the avocado cystatin molecule has 60% and 54% residues identical with th ...	1995	8611758
functional and dna sequence divergence of the cyp71 gene family in higher plants.	during ripening of avocado (persea americana), the cyp71a1 mrna and protein accumulate to relatively high levels. although the cyp71a1 gene was the first plant p450 to be cloned and sequenced, the functional role of this p450 remains obscure. substrate studies have shown that cyp71a1 will metabolize various monoterpenes (nerol and geraniol), although these have not been detected in ripening fruit. using dna from a conserved domain of the cyp71a1 gene, we have explored the scope of the cyp71 (or ...	1995	8820853
activation of arylamines to mutagenic product(s) by two in vitro plant systems.	plant activation of three isomers of phenylenediamine o- m- and p-phenylenediamine, has been studied. two in vitro plant systems have been used: persea americana s117 with mixed-function oxidase (mfo) and peroxidase activities, and zea mays s9 which contains only peroxidase activity. as genetic endpoint, the classical salmonella tester strains. ta98 and ta100, their derivatives with high o-acetyltransferase levels (yg1024 and yg1029, respectively) and ta98/1.8-dnp6, deficient in this enzyme, hav ...	1997	9434842
a review of implications of antiquality and toxic components in unconventional feedstuffs advocated for use in intensive animal production in nigeria.	there are a number of unconventional feed resources in nigeria. most are rich sources of plant protein. since protein is the most expensive and limiting nutrient in tropical livestock nutrition, these unconventional feed resources may fill a gap in protein deficiency. however, most contain antiquality and toxic components which make them unsafe as protein and carbohydrate sources in livestock nutrition. the presence of saponins, lectins, tannins, trypsin inhibitors, cyanogenic glucoside and othe ...	1998	9467208
cytotoxic and insecticidal constituents of the unripe fruit of persea americana.	unripe avocado fruit (persea americana) was subjected to a bioactivity-directed fractionation, as monitored via the brine shrimp lethality assay, to isolate three major bioactive constituents (1-3). compounds 1-3 all have a 1,2,4-triol moiety and a long aliphatic chain that terminates as either an alkane, alkene, or alkyne, respectively; 1 is new, while 2 and 3 have been described previously but not as cytotoxic or pesticidal agents. all have activity against six human tumor cell lines in cultur ...	1998	9644064
class i chitinases with hevein-like domain, but not class ii enzymes, are relevant chestnut and avocado allergens.	several foods associated with the latex-fruit syndrome present relevant allergens of around 30 kd. neither these components nor any other responsible for the reported cross-reactions have been identified and purified.	1998	9679856
identification of hevein (hev b 6.02) in hevea latex as a major cross-reacting allergen with avocado fruit in patients with latex allergy.	recent studies demonstrated that allergy to natural rubber latex is frequently associated with hypersensitivity to avocado fruit. the responsible cross-sensitizing allergen has not been identified.	1998	9768591
[histopathology of anopheles gambiae s.l. giles, 1902 (diptera, culicidae) subjected to the larvicidal activity of the aqueous extract of persea americana miller, 1768 (lauraceae)].	larvae of anopheles gambiae treated with an aqueous extract of persea americana suffer important damages of the midgut. the first epithelial cells to be affected are those at the posterior part of the midgut which become hypertrophic after only 30 min. after one hour most of the cells in this part lyse. the cytoplasmic material is then rejected towards the lumen gut, between the peritrophic membrane and the midgut epithelium. subsequently, an almost total cell degeneration is observed. cells of ...	1998	9773205
identification and cloning of prs a 1, a 32-kda endochitinase and major allergen of avocado, and its expression in the yeast pichia pastoris.	avocado, the fruit of the tropical tree persea americana, is a source of allergens that can elicit diverse ige-mediated reactions including anaphylaxis in sensitized individuals. we characterized a 32-kda major avocado allergen, prs a 1, which is recognized by 15 out of 20 avocado- and/or latex-allergic patients. natural prs a 1 was purified, and its n-terminal and two tryptic peptide sequences were determined. we isolated the prs a 1 encoding cdna by pcr using degenerate primers and 5'-rapid am ...	1998	9774427
class i endochitinase containing a hevein domain is the causative allergen in latex-associated avocado allergy.	in the medical literature immunoglobulin (ig)e-mediated sensitization to avocado is rarely reported. on the other hand, more than 50% of subjects having ige-mediated natural rubber latex allergy are sensitized to avocado fruit as demonstrated by skin-prick testing and/or specific ige measurements and about 10-20% report hypersensitivity reactions after ingesting avocado.	1999	10231327
characterization of avocado (persea americana mill.) varieties of low oil content.	several avocado varieties of low oil content (6.73-8.07%) from venezuela (booth 1, booth 7, ceniap 2, figueroa, guacara morado, luiz de queiroz, princesa, quebrada seca, santa clara, santa cruz, taylor, and tonnage) were characterized for pulp oil and moisture; weight (whole fruit, seed, pulp, and peel); length, width, and fruit shape; peel characteristics (roughness, color, and hand peeling); and ripeness time. oil plus moisture percentages were between 87.62 and 93.71. pulp percentage of quebr ...	1999	10552549
ph regulation of pectate lyase secretion modulates the attack of colletotrichum gloeosporioides on avocado fruits.	growth of colletotrichum gloeosporioides in pectolytic enzyme-inducing medium (peim) increased the ph of the medium from 3. 8 to 6.5. pectate lyase (pl) secretion was detected when the ph reached 5.8, and the level of secretion increased up to ph 6.5. pl gene (pel) transcript production began at ph 5.0 and increased up to ph 5.7. pl secretion was never detected when the ph of the inducing medium was lower than 5.8 or when c. gloeosporioides hyphae were transferred from pl-secreting conditions at ...	2000	10698767
novel nitric oxide and superoxide generation inhibitors, persenone a and b, from avocado fruit.	one known, (2r)-(12z,15z)-2-hydroxy-4-oxoheneicosa-12,15-dien+ ++-1-yl acetate (1), and two novel compounds, persenone a (2) and b (3), have been isolated from avocado fruit (persea americana p. mill), as inhibitors of superoxide (o(2)(-)) and nitric oxide (no) generation in cell culture systems. they showed marked inhibitory activities toward no generation induced by lipopolysaccharide in combination with interferon-gamma in mouse macrophage raw 264.7 cells. their inhibitory potencies of no gen ...	2000	10820058
determination of avocado and mango fruit properties by ultrasonic technique.	a nondestructive ultrasonic measurement system was developed for the assessment of some transmission parameters which might have quantitative relations with the maturity, firmness and other quality-related properties of avocado and mango fruits. the system utilizes a set of low-frequency probes arranged to measure the ultrasonic signal transmitted and received over a short distance across the peel. the attenuation of the ultrasonic waves, transmitted through the peel and the attached fruit tissu ...	2000	10829759
towards reconciliation of structure with function in plasmodesmata-who is the gatekeeper?	whilst the structure of higher plant plasmodesmata was first described by robards (1963. desmotubule-a plasmodesmatal substructure. nature 218, 784), and despite many subsequent intensive investigations, there is still much that remains unclear relating to their ultrastructure and functioning in higher plants. we have examined chemically fixed plant material, and suggest that the conformational changes seen in plasmodesmatal substructure, particularly the deposition of electron-dense extra-plasm ...	2000	10838030
antifungal compounds from idioblast cells isolated from avocado fruits.	(e,z,z)-1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-5,12,15-triene was isolated from avocado, persea americana mill., idioblast cells. it inhibited spore germination of the fungal pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides. full characterization is also reported for two additional compounds that have been described and partially characterized previously.	2000	10872209
[neutralization of the hemorrhagic effect induced by bothrops asper (serpentes: viperidae) venom with tropical plant extracts].	organic extracts representing 48 species included in 30 families of costa rican tropical plants were evaluated for their ability to neutralize hemorrhagic activity induced by the venom of the snake bothrops asper. a bioassay in mice was used, based on intradermal injection of either venom or venom-extract mixtures followed by the measurement of hemorrhagic areas. total inhibition of hemorrhage was observed with the ethanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of bursera simaruba, clusia torresi ...	1999	10883329
expression of pectate lyase from colletotrichum gloesosporioides in c. magna promotes pathogenicity.	to test the contribution of pectate lyase (pl) to promoting fungal pathogenicity, a pectate lyase gene (pel) from the avocado pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides, isolate cg-14, was expressed in c. magna isolate l-2.5, a pathogen of cucurbits that causes minor symptoms in watermelon seedlings and avocado fruits. isolate l-2.5 was transformed with ppcph-1 containing hph-b as a selectable marker and the 4.1-kb genomic pel clone. southern hybridization, with the 4.1-kb genomic pel clone or 2.13 ...	2000	10939261
non-invasive photoacoustic spectroscopic determination of relative endogenous nitric oxide and ethylene content stoichiometry during the ripening of strawberries fragaria anannasa (duch.) and avocados persea americana (mill.).	employing non-invasive photoacoustic spectrometry, emissions of nitric oxide (no) and ethylene in post-harvest strawberries and avocados were monitored. a clear-cut stoichiometric relationship was found between the two gases: unripe fruit manifesting high no and low ethylene levels-the converse in ripe fruit. findings are discussed in the light of putative control of ethylene-promoted fruit senescence by endogenous no.	2000	10944162
steady-state kinetic mechanism of recombinant avocado acc oxidase: initial velocity and inhibitor studies.	the gaseous plant hormone ethylene modulates a wide range of biological processes, including fruit ripening. it is synthesized by the ascorbate-dependent oxidation of 1-aminocyclopropyl-1-carboxylate (acc), a reaction catalyzed by acc oxidase. recombinant avocado (persea americana) acc oxidase was expressed in escherichia coli and purified in milligram quantities, resulting in high levels of acc oxidase protein and enzyme activity. an optimized assay for the purified enzyme was developed that ta ...	2000	10978157