| validation of a microbiological method using acholeplasma laidlawii for assessing performance of microporous membranes for mycoplasma clearance. | while no recognized industry standard currently exists for mycoplasma clearance testing of membrane filters, several methods have been used by membrane manufacturers and contract test laboratories. this validation exercise documents one approach to mycoplasma clearance testing and incorporates validation guidelines recognized in the biopharmaceutical industry today. the benefits of this method are (1) the consistent production of small monodisperse cells, 0.37 x 0.41 microm, at titers in excess ... | 2009 | 20158050 |
| evaluation of mycoplasma inactivation during production of biologics: egg-based viral vaccines as a model. | although mycoplasmas are generally considered to be harmless commensals, some mycoplasma species are able to cause infections in pediatric, geriatric, or immunocompromised patients. thus, accidental contamination of biologics with mycoplasmas represents a potential risk for the health of individuals who receive cell-derived biological and pharmaceutical products. to assess the efficiency of inactivation of mycoplasmas by the agents used in the manufacture of egg-derived influenza vaccines, we ca ... | 2010 | 20228111 |
| atomic force microscopy analysis of dna extracted from the vegetative cells and the viable, but nonculturable, cells of two mycoplasmas (acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 and mycoplasma hominis pg37). | this article reports on a study of some characteristics of dna extracted from the vegetative and viable, but nonculturable (vbnc), cells of two mycoplasma species (acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 and mycoplasma hominis pg37) using atomic force microscopy (afm). dna images were obtained by operating the afm microscope in the tapping mode. it was found that dna from the vbnc forms of m. hominis pg37 has decreased sizes (height: 0.177 +/- 0.026 nm vs. 0.391 +/- 0.041 nm for the vegetative forms, and wid ... | 2010 | 20495768 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of four species of mycoplasma isolated in 2008 and 2009 from cattle in japan. | we examined the susceptibility in vitro of 99 isolates of mycoplasma (m. bovirhinis, m. bovis, m. alkalescens and m. bovoculi) and one of acholeplasma laidlawii collected in 2008 and 2009 from japanese homebred cattle and cows imported from australia to 13 antimicrobial agents. mycoplasma species isolated from homebred cattle were susceptible to spectinomycin and fluoroquinolones but resistant to macrolides, tetracyclines, thiamphenicol and flumequine. kanamycin, lincomycin and chloramphenicol m ... | 2010 | 20710124 |
| detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell substrates using reverse transcription-pcr assays. | to assess the limit of detection (lod) and the feasibility of 16s rrna-based reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assays for advanced detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell substrates. | 2011 | 20854458 |
| responses of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 cells to cold shock and oxidative stress: proteomic analysis and stress-reactive mycoplasma proteins. | | 2010 | 20886746 |
| [oligomeric forms, functions and cellular localization of alpha-crystallin type protein from acholeplasma laidlawii]. | alpha-crystallin type heat shock protein (alpha-hsp) ibpa from acholeplasma laidlawii was expressed in escherichia coil and isolated from cell extract on ni-sepharose column. recombinant ibpa, like other alpha-hsps, spontaneously formed oligomeres in vitro. high resolution electron microscopy revealed regular structures with 15 nm in diameter. evaluation of molecular mass of ibpa oligomers was performed by gel filtration. most of oligomers consist of 24 subunits. recombinant ibpa prevents heat d ... | 2010 | 21268853 |
| [effect of wheat germ agglutinin on acholeplasma--the pathogen of phytomycoplasmosis]. | introduction of wheat germ agglutinin (wga) to cultural medium of pale green dwarf agent of wheat acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum str. 118 gives rise to pleiotropic responses of acholeplasma: activation of growth process, an increase of common protein in comparison with control, a decrease of hemagglutinating activity which results in a decrease of the adhesion properties of pathogen. | 2010 | 21381316 |
| [effect of acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum on lectin activity of sugar beet calluses]. | the dynamics of lectin activity of sugar beet calluses infected by mollicute acholeplasma laidlawii var granulum str. 118 was studied. activity of acid-soluble lectins of sugar beet cell cultures increased 4.5 times during some first hours after infecting by acholeplasma. at early stages of infecting by mollicute qualitative changes were also revealed in the protein spectra of acid-soluble lectins of sugar beet calluses. | 2011 | 21442949 |
| purification and functional analysis of recombinant acholeplasma laidlawii histone-like hu protein. | hu is a most abundant dna-binding protein in bacteria. this protein is conserved either in its heterodimeric form or in one of its homodimeric forms in all bacteria, in plant chloroplasts, and in some viruses. hu protein non-specifically binds and bends dna as a hetero- or homodimer and can participate in dna supercoiling and dna condensation. it also takes part in some dna functions such as replication, recombination, and repair. hu does not recognize any specific sequences but shows some speci ... | 2011 | 21443922 |
| [comparative proteomic characteristic of mycoplasmas (mollycutes)]. | saturating proteome identification and the study of post-translational protein modifications of acholeplasma laidlawii using combination of single- and two-dimension gel electrophoresis followed by mass-spectrometry analysis have been carried out. results were compared to the earlier identified proteome of mycoplasma gallisepticum. it was found that m. gallisepticum and a. laidlawii express 61 and 58% of the annotated orfs respectively. all subunits of dna-polymerase iii were identified during o ... | 2011 | 21460883 |
| nutritional effects on the growth, cell size, and resistance to stress of acholeplasma laidlawii. | due to their lack of a cell wall, mycoplasmas are useful models for the study of biological membranes. however, they are much less appreciated by cell culture laboratories due to their unfortunate tendency to contaminate cell culture lines (1-5). one of the primary protections of a cell line is through filtration of cell culture media. it is necessary to use 0.1 μm-rated filters because mycoplasmas can often penetrate the more commonly used 0.2 (or 0.22) μm-rated filters. in the battle against m ... | 2010 | 21502068 |
| the acylation state of surface lipoproteins of mollicute acholeplasma laidlawii. | acylation of the n-terminal cys residue is essential, ubiquitous, and uniquely bacterial posttranslational modification, which allows anchoring of proteins to the lipid membrane. in gram-negative bacteria acylation proceeds through three sequential steps requiring lipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase, lipoprotein signal peptidase, and, finally, lipoprotein n-acyl transferase. the apparent lack of genes coding for recognizable homologs of lipoprotein n-acyl transferase in gram-positive bacteria ... | 2011 | 21540185 |
| [activity of plant cells oxidative enzymes in conditions of experimental mycoplasmosis]. | changes in activity of oxidative enzymes was shown when infecting the callus culture of sugar beet cells by phytopathogenic mollicute acholeplasma laidlawii var granulum 118. maximum indices of the enzyme activity were fixed 3 hours after infecting with regard to control: it was 49% for peroxidase, 38% for catalase and 45% for polyfenoloxidase. the decrease of enzymatic activity to 22%, 12% and 19%, respectively, was registered 5 hours after infecting, and after that all these indices became sta ... | 2011 | 21598658 |
| extracellular vesicles derived from acholeplasma laidlawii pg8. | extracellular vesicle production is believed to be a ubiquitous process in bacteria, but the data on such a process in mollicutes are absent. we report the isolation of ultramicroforms - extracellular vesicles from supernatants of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 (ubiquitous mycoplasma; the main contaminant of cell culture). considering sizes, morphology, and ultrastructural organization, the ultramicroforms of a. laidlawii pg8 are similar to membrane vesicles of gram-positive and gram-negative bacter ... | 2011 | 21623458 |
| isolation and identification of acholeplasma sp. from the mud crab, scylla serrata. | for the first time, a mollicute-like organism (mlo) was cultured from moribund mud crabs (scylla serrata) during an outbreak of clearwater disease in zhejiang province, china. the mlo displayed a fried-egg colony morphology in culture, did not possess a cell wall, and was not retained by 0.45?µm and 0.2?µm filters. it was able to ferment glucose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose, but it did not utilize arginine and urea. the mlo grew in the absence of bovine serum and was not susceptible to digiton ... | 2011 | 21808652 |
| preparation of reference strains for validation and comparison of mycoplasma testing methods. | aims: to optimize growth conditions for preparation of stocks of mycoplasma reference strains to obtain highly viable and disperse samples with low ratios of genomic copy (gc) number to that of colony forming units (cfu). these stocks are required for assessment of relative limits of detection (lod) of alternative nucleic acid testing (nat)-based methods in comparison to the conventional microbiological methods. methods and results: a kinetics study was used to assess the changes in ratios bet ... | 2011 | 21794032 |
| the complete genome and proteome of acholeplasma laidlawii. | we present the complete genome sequence and proteogenomic map for acholeplasma laidlawii pg-8a: class mollicutes, order acholeplasmatales, family acholeplasmataceae. the genome of a. laidlawii is represented by a single 1 496 992 b.p. circular chromosome with the average g+c content of 31 mol%. this is the longest genome among the mollicutes with a known nucleotide sequence. it contains genes of polymerase type i, sos-response, and signal transduction systems, as well as rna regulatory elements, ... | 2011 | 21784942 |
| adaptation of mycoplasmas to environmental conditions: features of the proteome shift in acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 at persistent exposure to stressors. | | 2011 | 21725891 |
| unadapted and adapted to starvation acholeplasma laidlawii cells induce different responses of oryza sativa, as determined by proteome analysis. | for the first time, we studied the phytopathogenicity toward oryza sativa l. of unadapted and adapted to unfavorable environment (starvation) cells of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 - ubiquitous mycoplasma found in the soil, waste waters, tissues of the highest eukaryotes and being the basic contaminant of cell cultures and a causative agent of phytomycoplasmoses. the features of morphology, ultrastructural organization and proteomes of unadapted and adapted cells of the mycoplasma and infected plan ... | 2011 | 21835275 |
| the identification and characterization of ibpa, a novel α-crystallin-type heat shock protein from mycoplasma. | α-crystallin-type small heat shock proteins (shsps) are expressed in many bacteria, animals, plants, and archaea. among mycoplasmas (mollicutes), predicted shsp homologues so far were found only in the acholeplasmataceae family. in this report, we describe the cloning and functional characterization of a novel shsp orthologue, ibpa protein, present in acholeplasma laidlawii. importantly, similar to the endogenously expressed shsp proteins, the recombinant ibpa protein was able to spontaneously g ... | 2011 | 22002515 |
| detection and differentiation of avian mycoplasmas by surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy based on silver nanorod array. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is a bacterial pathogen of poultry that is estimated to cause annual losses exceeding $780 million. the national poultry improvement plan guidelines recommend regular surveillance and intervention strategies to contain m. gallisepticum infections and ensure mycoplasma-free avian stocks, but several factors make its detection and diagnosis a major challenge. current techniques are laborious, require special expertise, and are typically plagued by false results. in this st ... | 2011 | 22210215 |
| [recombinant small heat shock protein from acholeplasma laidlawii increases the escherichia coli viability in thermal stress by selective protein rescue]. | in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the survival at temperatures considerably exceeding the optimum is supported by intense synthesis of the so-called heat shock proteins (hsps), which act to overcome the adverse effects of heat stress. among mycoplasmas (class mollicutes), which have significantly reduced genomes, only some members of the acholeplasmataceae family possess small hsps of the α-crystallin type. overproduction of a recombinant hsp ibpa (hsp20) from the free-living mycoplasma achole ... | 2017 | 28251976 |
| draft genome sequence of acholeplasma laidlawii, a common contaminant of cell cultures. | mollicutes are important cell culture contaminants which may eventually affect the results of biological assays or affect their interpretation. acholeplasma laidlawii is one of the most frequent contaminants of cell cultures. here, we report the complete genome sequence of a. laidlawii strain mdbk/ipv, recovered from madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells. | 2017 | 28153907 |
| mycoplasma clearance and risk analysis in a model bioprocess. | mycoplasmas are a type of bacteria that lack cell walls and are occasional cell culture contaminants. in a biotechnology setting, because they can pass through 0.2 μm filters, mycoplasmas could pose a potential patient safety hazard if undetected contaminants from the production culture were not completely removed by downstream biotechnology manufacturing. in this study we investigated the ability of typical commercial monoclonal antibody (mab) purification operations to clear and kill mycoplasm ... | 2017 | 28089962 |
| reconstruction of transcription control networks in mollicutes by high-throughput identification of promoters. | bacteria of the class mollicutes have significantly reduced genomes and gene expression control systems. they are also efficient pathogens that can colonize a broad range of hosts including plants and animals. despite their simplicity, mollicutes demonstrate complex transcriptional responses to various conditions, which contradicts their reduction in gene expression regulation mechanisms. we analyzed the conservation and distribution of transcription regulators across the 50 mollicutes species. ... | 2016 | 27999573 |
| suppression of abnormal morphology and extracytoplasmic function sigma activity in bacillus subtilis ugtp mutant cells by expression of heterologous glucolipid synthases from acholeplasma laidlawii. | glucolipids in bacillus subtilis are synthesized by ugtp processively transferring glucose from udp-glucose to diacylglycerol. here we conclude that the abnormal morphology of a ugtp mutant is caused by lack of glucolipids, since the same morphology arises after abolition of glucolipid production by disruption of pgca and gtab, which are involved in udp-glucose synthesis. conversely, expression of a monoglucosyldiacylglycerol (mglcdg) produced by 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-glucosyltransferase from ach ... | 2016 | 27684739 |
| specificity and mechanism of action of alpha-helical membrane-active peptides interacting with model and biological membranes by single-molecule force spectroscopy. | in this study, to systematically investigate the targeting specificity of membrane-active peptides on different types of cell membranes, we evaluated the effects of peptides on different large unilamellar vesicles mimicking prokaryotic, normal eukaryotic, and cancer cell membranes by single-molecule force spectroscopy and spectrum technology. we revealed that cationic membrane-active peptides can exclusively target negatively charged prokaryotic and cancer cell model membranes rather than normal ... | 2016 | 27363513 |
| genomic and proteomic profiles of acholeplasma laidlawii strains differing in sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. | as a result of comparative analysis of complete genomes as well as cell and vesicular proteomes of a. laidlawii strains differing in sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, it was first shown that the mycoplasma resistance to the antibiotic is associated with the reorganization of genomic and proteomic profiles, which concerns many genes and proteins involved in fundamental cellular processes and realization of bacterial virulence. | 2016 | 27025481 |
| validation of a mycoplasma molecular diagnostic test and distribution of mycoplasma species in bovine milk among new york state dairy farms. | mycoplasma mastitis is a contagious and costly disease of dairy cattle that significantly affects animal health and milk productivity. mycoplasma bovis is the most prevalent and invasive agent of mycoplasma mastitis in dairy cattle, and early detection is critical. other mycoplasma have been isolated from milk; however, the role and prevalence of these species as mastitis pathogens are poorly understood. routine screening of milk for mycoplasma by bacteriological culture is an important componen ... | 2016 | 27016831 |
| [effect of mycoplasma infection to fatty acid composition of callus culture sugar beet]. | it was studied the effect of acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum str. 118 to fatty acid composition of sugar beet calluses. it was established that acting of acholeplasma results to changes in the quantitative content of the individual fatty acids and in the qualitative composition of fatty acids in the lipids of calluses. the changing of the fatty acid composition of calluses lipids of sugar beet infected by a. laidlawii vargranulum str. 118 is observed as nonspecific response to biotic stress ... | 2016 | 26829840 |
| molecular characterisation of mycoplasma species isolated from the genital tract of dorper sheep in south africa. | biochemical and molecular analysis were conducted on 34 strains of mycoplasma species isolated between 2003 and 2009 from the genital tract of clinically healthy dorper sheep and sheep with ulcerative vulvitis and balanitis. earlier publications identified the causative agent as mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony (mmmlc) and arcanobacterium pyogenes. the aims of the study were to characterise mycoplasma species isolated from the genital tract of dorper sheep with polymerase chain reaction ... | 2015 | 26244581 |
| world health organization international standard to harmonize assays for detection of mycoplasma dna. | nucleic acid amplification technique (nat)-based assays (referred to here as nat assays) are increasingly used as an alternative to culture-based approaches for the detection of mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures. assay features, like the limit of detection or quantification, vary widely between different mycoplasma nat assays. biological reference materials may be useful for harmonization of mycoplasma nat assays. an international feasibility study included lyophilized preparations of fo ... | 2015 | 26070671 |
| molecular characterisation of <i>mycoplasma</i> species isolated from the genital tract of dorper sheep in south africa. | biochemical and molecular analysis were conducted on 34 strains of mycoplasma species isolated between 2003 and 2009 from the genital tract of clinically healthy dorper sheep and sheep with ulcerative vulvitis and balanitis. earlier publications identified the causative agent as mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony (mmmlc) and arcanobacterium pyogenes. the aims of the study were to characterise mycoplasma species isolated from the genital tract of dorper sheep with polymerase chain reaction ... | 2015 | 28235293 |
| [experimental estimation of proteome size for cells and human plasma]. | huge range of concentrations of different protein and insufficient sensitivity of methods for detection of proteins at a single molecule level does not yet allow obtaining the whole image of human proteome. in our investigations, we tried to evaluate the size of different proteomes (cells and plasma). the approach used is based on detection of protein spots in 2-de after staining by protein dyes with different sensitivities. the function representing the dependence of the number of protein spots ... | 2015 | 25978394 |
| [effect of heat shock on cells of phytopathogenic mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii pg-8a]. | heat shock caused a more active formation of the "dormant" forms (minibodies), as well as increased production of extracellular membrane vesicles by acholeplasma laidlawii pg-8a cells. raise of the amount of the minibodies that have increased resistance to biogenic and abiogenic stress factors and pathogenicity may lead to more successful persistence of mycoplasmas in their hosts. increased production of the extracellular membrane vesicles containing virulence factors by acholeplasma laidlawii c ... | 2015 | 25872370 |
| [ribonucleolytic activity of mycoplasmas]. | mycoplasmas are incapable of de novo synthesis of nucleotides and must therefore secrete nucleases in order to replenish the pool of nucleic acid precursors. the nucleolytic activity of mycoplasmas is an important factor in their pathogenicity. bacterial ribonucleases (rnases) may produce a broad spectrum of biological effects, including antiviral and antitumor activity. mycoplasma rnases are therefore of interest. in the present work, capacity of acholeplasma laidlawii and mycoplasma hominis fo ... | 2015 | 25844442 |
| the development of a microbial challenge test with acholeplasma laidlawii to rate mycoplasma-retentive filters by filter manufacturers. | mycoplasma are bacteria that can penetrate 0.2 and 0.22 μm rated sterilizing-grade filters and even some 0.1 μm rated filters. primary applications for mycoplasma filtration include large scale mammalian and bacterial cell culture media and serum filtration. the parenteral drug association recognized the absence of standard industry test parameters for testing and classifying 0.1 μm rated filters for mycoplasma clearance and formed a task force to formulate consensus test parameters. the task fo ... | 2016 | 25188349 |
| extracellular membrane vesicles secreted by mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 are enriched in virulence proteins. | mycoplasmas (class mollicutes), the smallest prokaryotes capable of self-replication, as well as archaea, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria constitutively produce extracellular vesicles (evs). however, little is known regarding the content and functions of mycoplasma vesicles. here, we present for the first time a proteomics-based characterisation of extracellular membrane vesicles from acholeplasma laidlawii pg8. the ubiquitous mycoplasma is widespread in nature, found in humans, animals ... | 2014 | 25088052 |
| membrane remodeling capacity of a vesicle-inducing glycosyltransferase. | intracellular vesicles are abundant in eukaryotic cells but absent in the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli. however, strong overexpression of a monotopic glycolipid-synthesizing enzyme, monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase from acholeplasma laidlawii (almgs), leads to massive formation of vesicles in the cytoplasm of e. coli. more importantly, almgs provides a model system for the regulation of membrane properties by membrane-bound enzymes, which is critical for maintaining cellular integ ... | 2014 | 24961908 |
| exported mycoplasmal proteins: proteome of extracellular membrane vesicles of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8. | | 2014 | 24795097 |
| heterologous overexpression of a monotopic glucosyltransferase (mgs) induces fatty acid remodeling in escherichia coli membranes. | the membrane protein monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase (mgs) from acholeplasma laidlawii is responsible for the creation of intracellular membranes when overexpressed in escherichia coli (e. coli). the present study investigates time dependent changes in composition and properties of e. coli membranes during 22h of mgs induction. the lipid/protein ratio increased by 38% in mgs-expressing cells compared to control cells. time-dependent screening of lipids during this period indicated difference ... | 2014 | 24726609 |
| adaptation of mycoplasmas to antimicrobial agents: acholeplasma laidlawii extracellular vesicles mediate the export of ciprofloxacin and a mutant gene related to the antibiotic target. | this study demonstrated that extracellular membrane vesicles are involved with the development of resistance to fluoroquinolones by mycoplasmas (class mollicutes). this study assessed the differences in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among strains of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8. the mechanisms of mycoplasma resistance to antibiotics may be associated with a mutation in a gene related to the target of quinolones, which could modulate the vesiculation level. a. laidlawii extracellular vesicles med ... | 2014 | 24605048 |
| metabolomic analysis of three mollicute species. | we present a systematic study of three bacterial species that belong to the class mollicutes, the smallest and simplest bacteria, spiroplasma melliferum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, and acholeplasma laidlawii. to understand the difference in the basic principles of metabolism regulation and adaptation to environmental conditions in the three species, we analyzed the metabolome of these bacteria. metabolic pathways were reconstructed using the proteogenomic annotation data provided by our lab. the ... | 2014 | 24595068 |
| nonthermal plasma affects viability and morphology of mycoplasma hominis and acholeplasma laidlawii. | to study the effects exerted by argon microwave nonthermal plasma (ntp) on cell wall-lacking mollicutes bacteria. | 2014 | 24517235 |
| structure-activity relationships of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin s and its analogs: aqueous solubility, self-association, conformation, antimicrobial activity and interaction with model lipid membranes. | gs10 [cyclo-(vkldypvkldyp)] is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide gramicidin (gs) in which the two positively charged ornithine (orn) residues are replaced by two positively charged lysine (lys) residues and the two less polar aromatic phenylalanine (phe) residues are replaced by the more polar tyrosine (tyr) residues. in this study, we examine the effects of these seemingly conservative modifications to the parent gs molecule on the physical properties of the pe ... | 2014 | 24388950 |
| preparation of reference stocks suitable for evaluation of alternative nat-based mycoplasma detection methods. | the aim of this study was to optimize conditions for preparation and cryopreservation of mycoplasma reference materials suitable to evaluate alternative nucleic acid testing (nat)-based assays and to compare their limits of detection (lods) with those of conventional culture-based methods. | 2014 | 24112653 |
| anionic lipid binding to the foreign protein mgs provides a tight coupling between phospholipid synthesis and protein overexpression in escherichia coli. | certain membrane proteins involved in lipid synthesis can induce formation of new intracellular membranes in escherichia coli, i.e., intracellular vesicles. among those, the foreign monotopic glycosyltransferase mgs from acholeplasma laidlawii triggers such massive lipid synthesis when overexpressed. to examine the mechanism behind the increased lipid synthesis, we investigated the lipid binding properties of mgs in vivo together with the correlation between lipid synthesis and mgs overexpressio ... | 2013 | 23869703 |
| interaction between mycoplasmas and plants: extracellular membrane vesicles and phytopathogenicity of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8. | | 2015 | 23824459 |
| frequency of different human mollicutes species in the mucosa of the oropharynx, conjunctiva, and genitalia of free-ranging and captive capuchin monkeys (cebus spp.). | this study is the first to evaluate the occurrence of several mollicutes species in brazilian capuchin monkeys (cebus spp.). mollicutes were detected by culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in samples of the oropharyngeal, conjuctiva, and genital mucosae of 58 monkeys. in the oropharynx, mollicutes in general (generic pcr to the class), and those of the genus ureaplasma (genus pcr), were detected in 72.4% and 43.0% of the samples, respectively. the identified species in this site included ... | 2013 | 23677636 |
| extracellular membrane vesicles and phytopathogenicity of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8. | for the first time, the phytopathogenicity of extracellular vesicles of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 (a ubiquitous mycoplasma that is one of the five common species of cell culture contaminants and is a causative agent for phytomycoplasmoses) in oryza sativa l. plants was studied. data on the ability of extracellular vesicles of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 to penetrate from the nutrient medium into overground parts of oryza sativa l. through the root system and to cause alterations in ultrastructur ... | 2012 | 23251100 |
| a new ascochlorin derivative from cylindrocarpon sp. fki-4602. | cylindrol a₅, a new ascochlorin congener, was isolated along with 14 known compounds from the culture broth of cylindrocarpon sp. fki-4602 by solvent extraction, octadecylsilane column chromatography and hplc. the structure of cylindrol a₅ was elucidated by spectral analyses, including nmr. the compound has an ascochlorin skeleton consisting of a resorcin aldehyde and a cyclohexanone moieties. cylindrol a₅ showed moderate antimicrobial activity against bacillus subtilis, kocuria rhizophila, myco ... | 2013 | 23168404 |
| [activity of phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase in callus cultures of sugar beat infected by acholeplasma]. | the effect of acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum 118 on activity of phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase (pal) in callus cultures of sugar beat was researched. the optimal conditions of enzyme reaction were: using the l-phenilalanine as a substrate, ph 8.4-8.8, the temperature optimum 38-40 degrees c. it was established that at the infecting of sugar beat callus culture by phytopathogenic mollicute the pal activity was temporarily increased and reached its maximum after 2 h of infecting. then it gradua ... | 2013 | 23126015 |
| characterization of a laminaribiose phosphorylase from acholeplasma laidlawii pg-8a and production of 1,3-β-d-glucosyl disaccharides. | we identified a glycoside hydrolase family 94 homolog (acl0729) from acholeplasma laidlawii pg-8a as a laminaribiose (1,3-β-d-glucobiose) phosphorylase (ec 2.4.1.31). the recombinant acl0729 produced in escherichia coli catalyzed phosphorolysis of laminaribiose with inversion of the anomeric configuration in a typical sequential bi bi mechanism releasing α-d-glucose 1-phosphate and d-glucose. laminaritriose (1,3-β-d-glucotriose) was not an efficient substrate for acl0729. the phosphorolysis is r ... | 2012 | 22982171 |
| cloning the acholeplasma laidlawii pg-8a genome in saccharomyces cerevisiae as a yeast centromeric plasmid. | cloning of whole genomes of the genus mycoplasma in yeast has been an essential step for the creation of the first synthetic cell. the genome of the synthetic cell is based on mycoplasma mycoides, which deviates from the universal genetic code by encoding tryptophan rather than the uga stop codon. the feature was thought to be important because bacterial genes might be toxic to the host yeast cell if driven by a cryptic promoter active in yeast. as we move to expand the range of bacterial genome ... | 2012 | 23651007 |
| genome wide sequence analysis grants unbiased definition of species boundaries in "candidatus phytoplasma". | the phytoplasmas are currently named using the candidatus category, as the inability to grow them in vitro prevented (i) the performance of tests, such as dna-dna hybridization, that are regarded as necessary to establish species boundaries, and (ii) the deposition of type strains in culture collections. the recent accession to complete or nearly complete genome sequence information disclosed the opportunity to apply to the uncultivable phytoplasmas the same taxonomic approaches used for other b ... | 2013 | 24034865 |