| phospholipase a of mycobacterium phlei: a regulatory membrane enzyme with ferric iron as effector. | | 1969 | 5811795 |
| [synthesis of 2 dihydrofarnesyl-naphthoquinones related to the vitamin k2(45)h of mycobacterium phlei]. | | 1965 | 5858127 |
| [on the biogenetic origin of the methyl group in position 2 of vitamin k2 of mycobacterium phlei]. | | 1965 | 5882707 |
| the mutagenic effect of ultraviolet radiation and nitrous acid on mycobacterium phlei. | | 1966 | 5912711 |
| adenosine triphosphate and inorganic polyphosphate fructokinases of mycobacterium phlei. | | 1966 | 5914478 |
| the role of the quinone in oxidative phosphorylation in mycobacterium phlei. evidence against carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage. | | 1966 | 5916379 |
| oxidative phosphorylation in fractionated bacterial systems. xxii. the effect of near ultraviolet irradiation on the succinate oxidase pathway of mycobacterium phlei. | | 1966 | 5920807 |
| stimulation of nonspecific resistance to infection by a crude cell wall preparation from mycobacterium phlei. | fox, alfred e. (warner-lambert research institute, morris plains, n.j.), george l. evans, frank j. turner, benjamin s. schwartz, and ansel blaustein. stimulation of nonspecific resistance to infection by a crude cell wall preparation from myocobacterium phlei. j. bacteriol. 92:1-5. 1966.-exposure of large quantities of viable mycobacterium phlei to attrition in a colloid mill resulted in 90 to 95% disruption of the organisms. isolation of the crude cell wall preparation was accomplished by centr ... | 1966 | 5941276 |
| phospholipid patterns in subcellular fractions of mycobacterium phlei. | | 1966 | 5943596 |
| influence of an extract of mycobacterium phlei on water intake and its neutralization by antibody. | | 1966 | 5961174 |
| bacterial carotenoids. xix. the carotenoids of mycobacterium phlei strain vera. 1. the structures of the minor carotenoids. | | 1966 | 5961750 |
| vitamin k and oxidative phosphorylation. | 1. oxidative phosphorylation was studied in a cell-free preparation of mycobacterium phlei and in rat-liver mitochondria. phosphorylation was destroyed in both systems by long-wave ultraviolet radiation and restored by the addition of small amounts of [2-me-(14)c,(3)h]phylloquinone. when the radioactive quinones were recovered from the phosphorylating system and chromatographed with carrier phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 in adsorption and partition systems, only the phylloquinone band was label ... | 1966 | 5968540 |
| [mycobacterium phlei. its characters and identification]. | | 1966 | 5974565 |
| oxidative phosphorylation in fractionated bacterial systems. xxvii. the nature of nonheme iron in mycobacterium phlei. | | 1967 | 6027253 |
| structure of the dihydromenaquinone-9 of mycobacterium phlei. | | 1967 | 6035490 |
| biosynthesis of dihydromenaquinone-9 by mycobacterium phlei. | | 1967 | 6035491 |
| the role of the quinone in oxidative phosphorylation in mycobacterium phlei. evidence against carbon-oxygen bond cleavage. | | 1967 | 6041351 |
| studies on the metabolism of phospholipids in mycobacterium phlei. i. difference in turnover rates of individual phospholipids. | | 1967 | 6048972 |
| an effect of inorganic phosphate and amp at the third phosphorylative site of the respiratory chain of mycobacterium phlei. | | 1967 | 6052497 |
| the induction of pigmentation change in a non-acid-fast strain of mycobacterium phlei by ultraviolet radiation. | | 1967 | 6056763 |
| [lack of incorporation of tritium into dihydromenaquinone-9 of mycobacterium phlei during phosphorylating oxidations]. | | 1967 | 6065769 |
| purification and functional properties of the dccd-reactive proteolipid subunit of the h+-translocating atpase from mycobacterium phlei. | interaction of n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd) with atpase of mycobacterium phlei membranes results in inactivation of atpase activity. the rate of inactivation of atpase was pseudo-first order for the initial 30-65% inactivation over a concentration range of 5-50 microm dccd. the second-order rate constant of the dccd-atpase interaction was k = 8.5 x 10(5) m-1 x min(-1). the correlation between the initial binding of [14c]dccd and 100% inactivation of atpase activity shows 1.57 nmol dccd b ... | 1983 | 6221756 |
| studies on the mechanism of action of local anesthetics on proton translocating atpase from mycobacterium phlei. | we have measured the inhibitory potencies of local anesthetics (procaine, lidocaine, tetracaine and dibucaine) on atp-mediated h+-translocation, ca2+-transport and atpase activity in membrane vesicles from mycobacterium phlei. procaine and lidocaine up to 1 mm concentration did not inhibit atp-dependent h+-translocation, ca2+-transport and atpase activity. however, tetracaine and dibucaine at 0.2 mm concentration caused dissipation of the proton gradient, measured by the reversal of the quenchin ... | 1984 | 6231050 |
| identification of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase and an associated inhibitor in isoniazid-susceptible and -resistant mycobacterium phlei. | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase (nadase) activity was demonstrated in the catalases fraction of sephadex g-200-chromatographed sonic extracts of isoniazid (inh)-susceptible (inhs) and -resistant (inhr) mycobacterium phlei. since crude extracts had no demonstrable activity even after heating, active fractions of the nadase were purified chromatographically by removing the inhibitor with sephadex g-200. assays for oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) hydrolytic activi ... | 1980 | 6249194 |
| isolation of a specific atp: d-fructose 6-phosphotransferase from mycobacterium phlei. | | 1981 | 6303235 |
| cell cycle in mycobacterium phlei. | the initial replication region of the chromosome on the replication map of m. phlei constructed by means of sequential mutagenesis in synchronous populations was accurately determined. by following the time shift of the replication moment of the genes bac and met in the control culture and in the culture with the initial inhibition of dna synthesis by nalidixic acid the start of replication of the chromosome was determined at 15 min before replication of the gene ile. on the basis of the results ... | 1984 | 6378738 |
| interaction of vanadate with membrane-bound atpase from mycobacterium phlei. | vanadate inhibited the formation of proton gradient and membrane potential as well as ca2+ transport by everted membrane vesicles from mycobacterium phlei, with half-maximal inhibition occurring at 5 to 14 microm. that this is due to the inhibition of the proton-translocating atpase was suggested by the observation that the inhibition described above occurred only when the processes were driven by the hydrolysis of atp but not when energized by the oxidation of succinate and nadh. furthermore, v ... | 1981 | 6457832 |
| growth of group iv mycobacteria on medium containing various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. | seventy-one strains of 15 species of rapidly growing mycobacteria were studied for their susceptibilities to fatty acids with 2 to 20 carbons by the agar dilution method at ph 7.0. most mycobacteria other than potential pathogens (mycobacterium fortuitum and mycobacterium chelonei) were resistant to saturated fatty acids, except for lauric acid (c12:0) (mic, 6.25 to 25 micrograms/ml) and capric acid (c10:0) (mic, 50 to 100 micrograms#ml). m. fortuitum and m. chelonei were substantially insuscept ... | 1984 | 6486760 |
| dna-methylating activity of mycobacteria. | the methylating activity of the four mycobacterium strains mycobacterium phlei, mycobacterium smegmatis strain butyricum, mycobacterium smegmatis strain rabinowitz, lysogenic mycobacterium smegmatis strain rabinowitz was studied in vitro. all the four strains were found to have methylating activity; enzyme containing extracts of m. smegmatis strain butyricum and m. phlei showed a stronger activity than those of m. smegmatis strain rabinowitz and the lysogenic rabinowitz strain. the methylases of ... | 1983 | 6659854 |
| deacylation of acetylated amino acids by the esterase from mycobacterium phlei. | in addition to typical acetyl esters, acetic ester acetyl-hydrolase from mycobacterium phlei can degrade aliphatic acetylated amino acids under suitable conditions. | 1984 | 6745815 |
| characterization of escherichia coli men mutants defective in conversion of o-succinylbenzoate to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate. | four independent menaquinone (vitamin k(2))-deficient mutants of escherichia coli, blocked in the conversion of o-succinylbenzoate (osb) to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate (dhna), were found to represent two distinct classes. enzymatic complementation was observed when a cell-free extract of one mutant was mixed with extracts of any of the remaining three mutants. the missing enzymes in the two classes were identified by in vitro complementation with preparations of osb-coenzyme a (coa) synthetase or ... | 1982 | 6754698 |
| tuberculin peptide from culture filtrate of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a highly purified tuberculin peptide, named tph71u, was isolated from the heated culture filtrate of mycobacterium tuberculosis strain h37rv. this peptide was prepared by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and by treatment with diethylaminoethyl-sephadex, sephadex g-75, and preparative gel electrophoresis in the presence of a high concentration of urea. the presence of urea remarkably increased the sensitivity of the gel analysis and the efficiency of the preparation procedure. the isolated pep ... | 1980 | 6774637 |
| identification of bacillus subtilis men mutants which lack o-succinylbenzoyl-coenzyme a synthetase and dihydroxynaphthoate synthase. | menaquinone (vitamin k2)-deficient mutants of bacillus subtilis, whose growth requirement is satisfied by 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid but not by o-succinylbenzoic acid (osb), have been analyzed for enzymatic defects. complementation analysis of cell-free extracts of the mutants revealed that there are two groups, as already indicated by genetic analysis. the missing enzyme in each group was identified by complementation of the cell-free extracts with o-succinylbenzoyl-coenzyme a (coa) synthet ... | 1981 | 6780515 |
| interaction of lanthanide cations and uranyl ion with the calcium/proton antiport system in mycobacterium phlei. | uranyl ions (uo2+(2)) and lanthanide cations (la3+, nd3+, sm3+, eu3+, tb3+ and dy3+) at 100-200 microm concentration inhibited active transport of ca2+, mediated by respiratory linked substrates as well as by atp hydrolysis, without affecting respiration and membrane-bound atpase activity, in inside-out membrane vesicles of mycobacterium phlei. the extent of inhibition in the uptake of ca2+, mediated by atp hydrolysis, increased with increase in ionic radii of these cations. lanthanide cations d ... | 1983 | 6838872 |
| incorporation of thymine, thymidine, adenine and uracil into nucleic acids of mycobacterium phlei and its phage. | like other prototroph bacteria, mycobacterium phlei was found to incorporate thymine into its dna very poorly. as a result of a rapid thymidine-to-thymine conversion, thymidine incorporation also proved to be inefficient. thymidine incorporation could be somewhat enhanced by pretreatment of the cells with uridine. when radioactive adenine, and particularly uracil, were used as precursors, highly labelled dna could be obtained from the cells, although the majority of radioactivity was found in th ... | 1983 | 6847034 |
| [characteristics of the immobilization and transformation of sterols by mycobacterium phlei 1026 cells incorporated into paag]. | experiments were carried out to study the effect of polymerization conditions and polyacrylamide gel structure on the enzyme activity of mycobacterium phlei immobilized cells degrading sterols to c19-steroids. the modified sterol 4-chlostene-3(o-carboxymethyl)oxime was used as substrate. the polymerization conditions (the number of the cells incorporated and the reaction temperature) significantly affected the ability of the immobilized cells to degrade the sterol side chain. the monomer contact ... | 1983 | 6878209 |
| restoration of active transport of solutes and oxidative phosphorylation by naphthoquinones in irradiated membrane vesicles from mycobacterium phlei. | irradiation of the inverted membrane vesicles of mycobacterium phlei with light at 360 nm inactivated the natural menaquinone [mk(9)(ii-h)] and resulted in a loss of substrate oxidation, ph gradient, membrane potential, active transport of proline or calcium ions, and oxidative phosphorylation. restoration of the protonmotive force and active transport occurred on addition of naphthoquinones such as vitamin k(1), menadione, or lapachol to the irradiated membrane vesicles. however, coupled phosph ... | 1980 | 6928606 |
| immunotherapy of experimental cancer by intralesional injection of emulsified nonliving mycobacteria: comparison of mycobacterium bovis (bcg), mycobacterium phlei, and mycobacterium smegmatis. | mycobacterium bovis (bcg), mycobacterium phlei, and mycobacterium smegmatis were each tested in emulsified form for their potency to cause regression of transplants of a syngeneic murine fibrosarcoma and of a syngeneic guinea pig hepatoma. on a weight basis, m. phlei and m. smegmatis were as effective as bcg in causing tumor regression. m. phlei and m. smegmatis were comparable to bcg in provoking delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs sensitized to m. phlei or m. smegmatis. ... | 1980 | 6995326 |
| specific skin-reactive protein from culture filtrate of mycobacterium bovis bcg. | a highly purified protein, named mpb70, was isolated from the culture filtrate of mycobacterium bovis bcg. this protein accounted for more than 10% of the proteins secreted into the culture medium. mpb70 was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by treatment with diethylaminoethyl ion exchanger, with or without 3 m urea, and by gel filtration. the final mpb70 preparation was homogenous as judged by several analyses. the molecular weight was estimated to be 18,000 by electroph ... | 1981 | 7014457 |
| enzymatic synthesis, characterization, and metabolism of the coenzyme a ester of o-succinylbenzoic acid, an intermediate in menaquinone (vitamin k2) biosynthesis. | the enzymatic synthesis of the "active" o-succinylbenzoic acid is described and the factors controlling its formation are investigated. tritium-labeled coenzyme a is incorporated into "active" o-succinylbenzoic acid, but label from [2-3h]atp or [gamma-32p is not, indicating that the active compound is a coenzyme a thio ester(2). the compound is shown by two different methods to contain 1 mol only of coenzyme a per mol of o-succinylbenzoic acid. the o-succinylbenzoic and coenzyme a ester (2) is u ... | 1982 | 7045104 |
| immunotherapy of guinea pigs with a transplanted hepatoma: comparison of intralesionally injected emulsions containing heat-killed nocardia rubra, mycobacterium bovis (bcg) and mycobacterium phlei. | heat-killed cells of mycobacterium bovis (bcg), mycobacterium phlei and nocardia rubra were each tested in emulsified form for their ability to cause regression of established dermal transplants and lymph node metastases of a syngeneic hepatocarcinoma in guinea pigs. on a weight basis, bcg was superior to n. rubra in causing tumor regression. under the conditions tested n. rubra was inferior to m. phlei in its antitumor activity. m. phlei and bcg were approximately the same in their therapeutic ... | 1982 | 7099513 |
| methylated nucleic acid bases in mycobacterium and mycobacteriophage dna. | methylated bases of the dna of two mycobacteria (mycobacterium phlei and mycobacterium smegmatis var. butyricum) and two mycobacteriophages (phage phlei and phage butyricum) have been studied. in both the bacterial and the phage dnas 5-methyl-cytosine and 6-methyl-aminopurine could be detected. using l-(methyl-h3)-methionine as methyl donor not only the methylated bases of bacterium and phage dna proved to be radioactive, but also the non-methylated purine residues and thymine. possible pathways ... | 1982 | 7168369 |
| the completion of the replication map of the mycobacterium phlei chromosome. | new facts about the replication map of mycobacterium phlei chromosome are summarized. replication positions of two genes located in marginal regions of the replication map, ile close to the origin and ser near the terminus, were determined. known positions of replication of some genes were defined with more precision within 2.5--5-min intervals using the method of sequential mutagenesis in synchronized cultures (leu, met, bac, pyr, stm, tet, cyc, his). replication positions of genes responsible ... | 1981 | 7203288 |
| mutagenic effect of n-methyl-n-nitrosourea on mycobacterium phlei. | n-methyl-n-nitrosourea was used to induce auxotrophic, scotochromogenic and isonicotinic acid hydrazide resistant mutants in mycobacterium phlei and its effect was compared with that of nitrosoguanidine. seventeen auxotrophic mutants requiring amino acids or vitamins and 52 scotochromogenic mutants with orange colonies were induced. the frequency of isonicotinic acid hydrazide-resistant mutants increased by two orders of magnitude. | 1981 | 7203289 |
| the entry process as the target for energy input in active transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid by mycobacterium phlei. | mycobacterium phlei was shown to accumulate alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, establishing a concentration gradient of approximately 15,000-fold. the apparent affinity constant of the carrier for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was 1.8 microm. the system exhibited a broad specificity provided two structural requirements were satisfied: the presence of a free amino and carboxyl group on the alpha carbon and the absence of a net charge. the role of energy coupling on the accumulation of alpha-aminoisobutyric ... | 1980 | 7217039 |
| steroid transformation with immobilized microorganisms. vi. the reverse reaction of steroid-1-dehydrogenases from different micoorganisms in immobilized state. | whole cells of nocardia erythropolis, n. opaca and mycobacterium phlei containing 4-en-3-oxosteroid: (acceptor)-1-en-oxidoreductase activities were immobilized by adsorption on deae-cellulose and silica and by entrapment in polyacrylamide gel. the obtained biocatalysts were used in an anaerobic continuous column process to transform 1,4-dien-3-oxo-steroids into 4-en-3-oxo- steroids. the half life of steroid-1(2)-reductase activity of the n. erythropolis was found to be up to 15 days. the deae-ce ... | 1981 | 7222747 |
| [bacteriophage occurrence in "mycobacterium phlei" (author's transl)]. | surface growth of synchronized bacteria was obtained by means of a suspension of mycobacterium phlei cells in pentane, the dispersion of which resulted from passage through glass (ballotini) column. by using standardized conditions, a series of identical cultures were obtained, suitable for studying their evolution as a function of time. by counting colonies every twenty minutes, during ten hours, two doublings were observed, with a generation time of five hours. at the end of a plateau, just be ... | 1981 | 7235453 |
| inactivation of l-lactate monooxygenase with 2,3-butanedione and phenylglyoxal. | l-lactate monooxygenase from mycobacterium phlei is inactivated by reaction either with 2,3-butanedione in borate or in 2,6-lutidine buffer or with phenyglyoxal in 2,6-lutidine buffer. the activation with 2.3 butanedione in borate buffer is irreversible in the presence of excess borate, but essentially complete recovery of activity occurs on exchange of phosphate for borate buffer. in 50 mm borate, inactivation with 2,3-butanedione exhibits saturation kinetics with respect to increasing concentr ... | 1981 | 7236621 |
| use of nalidixic acid for constructing the replication map of the mycobacterium phlei chromosome. | nalidixic acid was used for describing more accurately the terminal replication region of the mycobacterium phlei chromosome. cell division in synchronized cultures was not sensitive to this acid any more between 185-190 min, i.e. about 10 min after replication of the ser gene, the last of 24 genes of the replication map described so far. the replication of the chromosome was controlled by determining the position of the bac gene. microscopic studies in phase contrast of the cells that were subj ... | 1981 | 7286850 |
| relationship between the composition of the regulatory complex of esterases and the age of mycobacterium phlei culture. | | 1981 | 7286851 |
| conversion of o-succinylbenzoate to dihydroxynaphthoate by extracts of micrococcus luteus. | cell-free extracts were prepared from either freshly grown or spray-dried cells of micrococcus luteus atcc 4698 by treatment with deoxyribonuclease and lysozyme. these extracts converted o-succinylbenzoic acid (osb) to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (dhna) as shown by spectrophotofluorometric and radioactivity assays. the conversion required the presence of atp, coa, and mg2+. by use of [2-14c]osb, the simultaneous production of the spirodilactone form of osb was also demonstrated. the two produ ... | 1980 | 7356957 |
| isoniazid interaction with tyrosine as a possible mode of action of the drug in mycobacteria. | the antitubercular drug isoniazid (inh) was hown by radio-chromatographic studies to react with tyrosine in growth medium. exogenous tyrosine added to the growth medium interfered with the inhibitory action of inh on mycobacterium phlei. these observations were confirmed by difference spectra studies which showed that tyrosine would react with inh as long as the tyrosine phenolic hydroxyl group was not blocked. these results led to the hypothesis that inh could exert its influence by interfering ... | 1980 | 7387139 |
| regulation of cell wall mycolic acid biosynthesis in acid-fast bacteria. i. temperature-induced changes in mycolic acid molecular species and related compounds in mycobacterium phlei. | molecular species of two major subclasses of mycolic acids from mycobacterium phlei, alpha-mycolic acids (m1) and dicarboxy mycolic acids (m3), were separated gas-chromatographically and identified mass-spectrometrically. the mycolic acid compositions of extractable and cell wall bound lipids were markedly influenced by growth temperature. increasing growth temperature from 20 degrees c to 50 degrees c resulted in an increase in longer chain species of both mycolisc acid subclasses with a concom ... | 1980 | 7410334 |
| [steroid transformation with immobilized microorganisms. iii. degradation of the side chain of cholesterol derivatives with immobilized mycobaterium phlei and m. smegmatis cells]. | the cholesterol derivatives 3,3-ethylendioxycholest-5-en i and 4-cholesten-3-(o-carboxymethyl)oxime ii were transformed into the corresponding androstenedione derivatives by selective cleavage of the sterol side chain with immobilized preparations of mycobacterium phlei imet sg 1026 and m. smegmatis imet h 124. the influence of three immobilization methods on fermentation activity and stability was investigated. the immobilized cells of m. phlei imet sg 1026 were found to be suitable to transfor ... | 1980 | 7424049 |
| site of action of isoniazid on the electron transport chain and its relationship to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regulation in mycobacterium phlei. | isoniazid (inh) interacts with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) in the regulation of reduced nad (nadh) oxidation in electron transport particles from mycobacterium phlei. the interaction was shown to be at the level of the nadh dehydrogenase by the use of menadione as an artificial electron acceptor. binding studies indicated that inh and nad+ did not compete for a common regulatory site. unlabeled inh was unable to displace [14c]nad+ from electron transport particles, and unlabeled nad ... | 1980 | 7425605 |
| reclassification of mycobacterium phlei pn-bb as rhodococcus bronchialis pn-bb. | mycobacterium phlei pn-bb, induced in the parental strain pn by gamma-radiation and ethyl methanesulfonate, should be reclassified as rhodococcus bronchialis pn-bb. the reclassification is based on the results of lipid analysis, dna-dna hybridization and several biochemical tests, performed in comparison with the parental strain pn, earlier reclassified as r. bronchialis, and r, bronchialis (n654). | 1980 | 7469254 |
| polyamines exert regulatory control on mycobacterial transcription: a study using rna polymerase from mycobacterium phlei. | we have used purified rna polymerase from mycobacterium phlei to study the role of polyamines in mycobacterial transcription. both initiation and elongation phases of the process were affected biphasically by polyamines. interaction of polyamines with dna template plays an important role in transcription modulation. our studies emphasize that polyamines can exert a regulatory control on mycobacterial transcription. | 1995 | 7492956 |
| disinfection of dental stone casts: antimicrobial effects and physical property alterations. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfecting solutions incorporated into dental stone casts against a standard and representative group of microorganisms and to note changes in the physical properties of the casts. | 1995 | 7498603 |
| evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay licensed by the usda for use in cattle for diagnosis of ovine paratuberculosis. | a commercially available mycobacterium phlei-absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) approved to detect antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle was evaluated for its applicability in sheep. the potential for interference with elisa results from cross-reacting antibodies to corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was also investigated. serum samples were randomly selected from a collection of samples obtained in 1986-1991 from 6 infected and 5 noninfected sheep flocks varying ... | 1995 | 7578450 |
| analysis of mycolic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection. implications for the identification of mycobacteria in clinical samples. | mycolic acids from mycobacterium phlei and m. bovis cell wall skeletons (cwss) were analyzed by hplc. after saponifying lyophilized cwss in methanolic koh, the mycolic acids were quantitatively extracted into chloroform. aliquots of the cws mycolic acid extracts were then derivatized prior to hplc analysis with a uv reagent, p-bromophenacylbromide (pbpb), and three fluorescent reagents, 4-bromomethyl-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 4-bromomethyl-7-acetoxycoumarin and 3-bromomethyl-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazi ... | 1995 | 7719452 |
| comparison of a complement fixation test, a gel diffusion test and two absorbed and unabsorbed elisas for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in sheep. | a complement fixation test for paratuberculosis, a gel diffusion test and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were evaluated using sera from mycobacterium paratuberculosis infected and non-infected sheep. gross pathology and histopathology were used as parameters of infection. the two elisas, one of which is commercially available for testing cattle, were used before and after sera had been absorbed with a soluble sonicate of mycobacterium phlei. differences between the various tests ... | 1994 | 7801513 |
| mycobacterium phlei infection of the foot: a case report. | a case of mycobacterium phlei infection in the flexor digitorum longus and posterior tibialis tendon of an otherwise healthy adult male is reported. to our knowledge, this is the second reported case in the english literature of human infection by m. phlei. diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection are discussed. the clinician is encouraged to include this infection in the differential diagnosis of pain and swelling in the extremity. | 1994 | 7894643 |
| comparison of the 23s ribosomal rna genes and the spacer region between the 16s and 23s rrna genes of the closely related mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the fast-growing mycobacterium phlei. | the 23s rdna sequences of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, m. avium and m. phlei and the sequences of the spacer regions between the 16s and 23s rrna genes were determined. the overall 23s rdna sequence identity between m. paratuberculosis and m. avium was 99.7% (nine mismatches), showing the very close relatedness of these mycobacteria. evolutionary distances between the five known mycobacterial 23s rrna/rdna sequences and those of other gram-positive g + c-rich bacteria were determined. the 23s ... | 1994 | 8025676 |
| utilization of beet molasses for riboflavin production by mycobacterium phlei. | mycobacterium phlei was tested for its ability to utilize beet molasses as the sole carbon source and produce riboflavin. the crude beet molasses was analyzed and treated in various ways to reduce its heavy element content and to remove the muddy residue. promising amounts of riboflavin were produced when the organism was cultivated on decationized (resin-treated) beet molasses. the highest vitamin productivity was achieved by incubating the inoculated medium containing 9% molasses and initially ... | 1994 | 8071802 |
| use of a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on absorbed sera for the diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis. | this study describes the response of cattle to a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using sera absorbed with mycobacterium phlei. results obtained by visual observation are compared with those obtained using a densitometer. infection status of cattle was determined by faecal culture. cattle of different levels of exposure and disease manifestation were examined. a significantly higher dot elisa response was observed (using both absorbed and non-absorbed sera) in animals with heavy she ... | 1993 | 8400397 |
| use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of clinical paratuberculosis in goats. study by western blotting of false-positive reactions. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was performed for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats, using as antigen a protoplasmic extract (ppa-3). the test was developed on the basis of the results obtained with two serum reference pools, positive and negative respectively. to avoid day-to-day variations, dilutions of the positive serum pool were included in each plate to obtain an arbitrary system, transforming absorbance into immunoglobulin (ig) g anti-mycobacterium paratuberculosis units ... | 1993 | 8400398 |
| effect of growth temperature on the fatty acid composition of mycobacterium phlei. | in mycobacterium phlei, fatty acid unsaturation increased with decreasing temperature. the 10-hexadecenoic acid content increased as the temperature was reduced from 35 degrees c to 26-20 degrees c. at lower temperatures tuberculostearic acid decreased while oleic and linoleic acids increased, the latter being found in m. phlei for the first time. concomitantly palmitic acid content decreased, and the 6- and 9-hexadecenoic acids increased slightly on reducing the temperature from 35 to 10 degree ... | 1993 | 8439233 |
| differentiation of mycobacteria on the basis of chemotype profiles by using matrix solid-phase dispersion and thin-layer chromatography. | because of the rising incidence of clinical mycobacterial infections and the difficulty in identification and characterization of mycobacteria at the subspecies and serovar levels, a technique for differentiation that could be performed quickly and with relatively little equipment and expense was developed. lysis and fractionation of mycobacteria by matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by thin-layer chromatography were used to produce chemotype profiles of the lipid and glycolipid components o ... | 1993 | 8458954 |
| ex vivo induction of tnf-alpha and il-6 mrna in bovine whole blood by mycobacterium paratuberculosis and mycobacterial cell wall components. | johne's disease is a chronic enteritis of cattle and other ruminant species that is of worldwide economic importance. the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-6 (il-6) have been associated with granuloma formation and wasting in other disease syndromes. the potential role of these cytokines in the development and progression of johne's disease has not been investigated. using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and specific bovine oligonucleotide ... | 1995 | 8559037 |
| effect of mycobacterium phlei on the development of immunity to babesia bigemina. | the immunomodulatory role of mycobacterium phlei against intracellular blood protozoan babesia bigemina was demonstrated following experimental immunisation and challenge in bovine calves. a lysate of erythrocytes infected (6 x 10(9)) with b. bigemina was used as a source of dead antigen either with freund's complete adjuvant (fca) or with a trypsinised culture of m. phlei as a non-specific immunomodulation (nsi) agent with appropriate controls. following virulent challenge with b. bigemina infe ... | 1996 | 8686168 |
| characterization of bacterial communities from activated sludge: culture-dependent numerical identification versus in situ identification using group- and genus-specific rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes | the structures of bacterial communities were studied in activated sludge samples obtained from the aerobic and anaerobic zones of a wastewater treatment plant showing enhanced phosphorous removal. samples were analyzed by in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes complementary to selected regions of the 16s and 23s ribosomal rna (rrna) characteristic for defined phylogenetic entities (genera and larger groups). the microbial community structures revealed by molecular techniques were comp ... | 1996 | 8688004 |
| mycobacterium cell wall: an alternative to intravesical bacillus calmette guerin (bcg) therapy in orthotopic murine bladder cancer. | the antitumor effect of intravesical mycobacterium cell wall (mcw) therapy on orthotopic and heterotopic bladder tumors in the mouse was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (mri). | 1996 | 8709344 |
| chemistry of the lyxose-containing mycobacteriophage receptors of mycobacterium phlei/mycobacterium smegmatis. | mycobacterium phlei (strain timothy) (mycobacterium smegmatis atcc 19249) is characterized by the presence of a family of alkali-labile glycolipids, reminiscent of the trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharide class of antigens but lacking the nonreducing trehalose core. through a combination of methylation analyses, 1h and 13c nmr, two-dimensional 1h/1h and 1h/13c nmr, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and other analytical techniques, these new struct ... | 1996 | 8794763 |
| paratuberculosis in small ruminants, deer, and south american camelids. | paratuberculosis in small ruminants is widespread geographically. in some herds and flocks, clinical paratuberculosis, which primarily causes long-term weight loss, can be a significant cause of culling. the effects of subclinical disease are less defined, but they may include decreased milk production in milking sheep and decreased weight gain in deer raised for slaughter. paratuberculosis also can cause economic losses due to reduced sales of breeding animals from purebred flocks and herds. di ... | 1996 | 8828115 |
| effective adjuvants for the induction of antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity. | vaccines utilizing poorly immunogenic subunit antigens are dependent upon adjuvants to drive the appropriate t cell responses. in an effort to determine the ability of several adjuvants to promote cell-mediated immunity (cmi), we assessed delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) in mice inoculated with heat-killed listeria monocytogenes (hklm) vaccines. the vaccines were formulated as oil-in-water emulsions containing one or more of the following bacterial-derived immunostimulators: mpl immunostimula ... | 1997 | 9141210 |
| environmental mycobacteria in bottled table waters in greece. | a hundred and fifty samples of bottled table water sold by greek factories were examined for the presence of environmental mycobacteria. environmental mycobacteria were found in 23 (15.6%) of the 150 tested samples. bacterial numbers of 1-100, 101-300, 301-1000, and > 10(3) cfu/l were found in 8, 2, 1, and 4% of the samples, respectively. the identification of the environmental mycobacteria was performed by both polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme analysis (pcr-rea) and biochemical meth ... | 1997 | 9165705 |
| [toxic effect of hydroxylated ions of heavy metals on the cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial cells]. | the influence of nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead ions at concentrations of 50 to 100 microm on the barrier properties of the plasma membrane (pm) and the electrophoretic mobility (epm) of pseudomonas fluorescens 71, escherichia coli k-12, and mycobacterium phlei b-1291 vkm cells was studied at ph values from 5 to 9 by electro-orientational (eo) spectroscopy and microelectrophoresis of cells. according to the data of eo spectroscopy, the increase in the toxicity of heavy metal cations to cells ... | 1997 | 9424558 |
| isolation, purification and characterization of intracellular calmodulin like protein (calp) from mycobacterium phlei. | a monomeric acidic protein of 14,000 da with an isoelectric point of 4.5 was isolated from mycobacterium phlei, which stained poorly with coomassie brilliant blue. this protein showed retardation in mobility in sds-page upon treatment with calcium, similar to eukaryotic calmodulin proteins. activation of camp phosphodiesterase and nad kinase by this protein was observed. the cd spectral analysis indicated that the calp has 52% of beta-conformation. the regular beta-conformation of the calmodulin ... | 1998 | 9485591 |
| mycobacterium phlei peritonitis: a rare complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis. | we report the first case of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by mycobacterium phlei. this organism was isolated from the peritoneal fluid of a patient who presented with recurrent episodes of "culture-negative" peritonitis. the therapeutic regimen was based on previous experience with other rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria, and included removal of the tenckhoff catheter, institution of hemodialysis, and anti-mycobacterial therapy with amikacin, cefoxitin, ... | 1998 | 9502573 |
| characterization of a haemolysin from mycobacterium tuberculosis with homology to a virulence factor of serpulina hyodysenteriae. | scrutiny of sequence data from the mycobacterium leprae genome sequencing project identified the presence of a gene encoding a 268-amino-acid polypeptide which is highly similar to a pore-forming haemolysin/cytotoxin virulence determinant, tlya, from the swine pathogen serpulina hyodysenteriae. using degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on the tlya sequences, the mycobacterium tuberculosis homologue was amplified and this product was used to obtain the clone and sequence a 2.5 kb fragment co ... | 1998 | 9611795 |
| effect of immunostimulation on cytotoxic activity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes of chickens in infectious bursal disease and eimeria tenella infections. | in chickens, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iiels) exhibit spontaneous natural killer (nk) cell like activity, by which they are active in the first line of defence on gut epithelial linings. in the present study, the cytotoxic activity of iiels was found to be drastically suppressed in chickens experimentally infected with infectious bursal disease (ibd) virus at the age of 5 weeks and also in chickens experimentally infected with eimeria tenella oocysts at the age of 8 weeks (p < 0.01 ... | 1998 | 9704505 |
| [taxonomic study of species of the mycobacterium genus isolated in cuba]. | 40 strains of the mycobacterium genus corresponding to 12 species, which were subjected to 62 microbiological and biochemical tests, were studied. each one was considered as a character. as a result of the similitude coefficient and their grouping, 9 phenomes represented by: phenome i (mycobacterium fortuitum), phenome ii (mai complex), phenome iii (mycobacterium phlei), phenome iv (mycobacterium triviale), phenome v (mycobacterium smegmatis), phenome vi (mycobacterium gordonae), phenome vii (my ... | 1996 | 9768276 |
| fusion of azurophil granules with phagosomes and activation of the tyrosine kinase hck are specifically inhibited during phagocytosis of mycobacteria by human neutrophils. | pathogenic mycobacteria parasitize macrophages and reside within phagosomes, which do not fuse with lysosomal granules. mycobacteria are also internalized by neutrophils, which possess at least two types of granules, specific and azurophil granules, the latter being specialized lysosomes. here, we investigated the ability of mycobacteria to inhibit the fusion of these granules with their phagosomes in human neutrophils. it was found that when pathogenic (mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium ... | 1998 | 9794435 |
| mycobacterium phlei cell wall complex directly induces apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. | intact mycobacteria and mycobacterial cell wall extracts have been shown to inhibit the growth of human and murine bladder cancer. their mechanism of action is, however, poorly understood. mycobacterium phlei mycobacterial cell complex (mcc) is a cell wall preparation that has mycobacterial dna in the form of short oligonucleotides complexed on the cell wall surface. in this study, we have investigated the possibility that mcc has anti-cancer activity that is mediated by two different mechanisms ... | 1999 | 9888462 |
| partial characterization of a major autolysin from mycobacterium phlei. | autolytic enzyme profiles of fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria were examined using sds-page zymography with incorporated mycobacterial peptidoglycan sacculi as substrate. each species tested (mycobacterium phlei, mycobacterium smegmatis, mycobacterium aurum, mycobacterium fortuitum and mycobacterium kansasii) appeared to produce a different set of enzymes on the basis of differing number and molecular masses. a major autolysin from m. phlei was purified to apparent homogeneity by deae-cellulos ... | 1999 | 10206696 |
| active specific immunotherapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma: phase i study of an allogeneic cell vaccine plus low-dose interleukin-1 alpha. | a vaccine consisting of four allogeneic colon carcinoma cell lines (dld-1, hct116, widr, and t84) mixed with the adjuvant detox (mycobacterium phlei cell wall and salmonella minnesota lipid a) was administered to 25 patients with low-volume metastatic colorectal carcinoma. the first eight patients received vaccine only, given intradermally on three occasions at 3-week intervals. subsequent patients also received subcutaneous interleukin-1 alpha (il-1 alpha), 0.3-0.5 microgram/m2 per day for 8 da ... | 1999 | 10335485 |
| serum antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in patients with crohn's disease. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been suggested as a causative organism of crohn's disease. despite a long-term debate to prove this possibility, the role of this bacteria in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease is still a subject of controversy. in the present study, serum antibodies (igg, iga, and igm) to the protoplasmic antigen of m. paratuberculosis were quantified in patients with crohn's disease and in control subjects by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay whose specificity was i ... | 1999 | 10389697 |
| amplification of fluorescently labelled dna within gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria. | representative organisms from a variety of gram-positive genera were subjected to varying regimes in order to optimise the intracellular amplification of dna. the bacteria were subjected to treatments with paraformaldehyde, muramidases and mild acid hydrolysis to discover which regime made each organism permeable to the amplification reagents yet allowed retention of the fluorescein-labelled amplified products within the cell. scanning electron micrographs were used to corroborate the effectiven ... | 1999 | 10520585 |
| phagocytosis of mycobacteria by u937 cells: a rapid method for monitoring uptake and separating phagocytosed and free bacteria by magnetic beads. | a human-derived monocytic cell line (u937) was induced to phagocytose mycobacterium phlei by the addition of phorbol myristate acetate (pma) to the culture medium for 50-60 h. cells not treated with pma were unable to phagocytose m. phlei. magnetic beads enabled a rapid and highly efficient separation of phagocytosed and free bacteria to be achieved, an approach which is particularly useful if colony plating is used to enumerate bacterial survival within phagocytic cells. fluorescence-activated ... | 2000 | 10728569 |
| nonopsonic phagocytosis of zymosan and mycobacterium kansasii by cr3 (cd11b/cd18) involves distinct molecular determinants and is or is not coupled with nadph oxidase activation. | complement receptor type 3 (cr3) was initially described as an opsonic receptor. subsequently, cr3-mediated lectin-sugar recognition mechanisms have been shown to play a major role in the nonopsonic phagocytosis of several pathogens, among them mycobacterium tuberculosis. little is known about the binding and signal transduction mechanisms operating during nonopsonic ingestion through cr3 of different microorganisms. in the present study, we used cho cells stably transfected with cr3 to show tha ... | 2000 | 10899880 |
| modulation of interleukin-12 synthesis by dna lacking the cpg motif and present in a mycobacterial cell wall complex. | a mycobacterial cell wall complex prepared from the non-pathogenic microorganism mycobacterium phlei, where mycobacterial dna is preserved and complexed to cell wall fragments, possesses anticancer and immunomodulatory activity. dna from a number of prokaryotes has been found to modulate the immune system and to induce cytokine synthesis. we have therefore determined whether the dna associated with this complex has the ability to induce the synthesis of interleukin-12 (il-12), a potent anticance ... | 2000 | 10946815 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of eastern north american hardwood trees and relation to traditional medicine. | wood and bark extracts of 14 eastern north american hardwood tree species which were used traditionally as medicine by first nation's people were screened for antimicrobial activities with eight strains of bacteria and six strains of fungi. eighty-six percent of the bark extracts were active against methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus; 71% against bacillus subtilus and 79% against mycobacterium phlei. the bark extract of juglans cinerea was active against pseudomonas aeruginosa 187, salm ... | 2000 | 11025152 |
| diptera as vectors of mycobacterial infections in cattle and pigs. | mycobacteria were isolated from 14 (4.5%) of 314 samples, containing 7791 adult diptera, which were collected in the czech republic and slovakia in 1997-2000. these flies were collected from three cattle herds with paratuberculosis, two pig herds with mycobacterial infections and one farm that kept both cattle and pigs and that did not have problems of mycobacterial infections. mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated from eristalis tenax linnaeus (diptera: syrphidae) captured from a pig herd. ... | 2001 | 11434556 |
| study of the properties of a channel-forming protein of the cell wall of the gram-positive bacterium mycobacterium phlei. | the gram-positive bacterium mycobacterium phlei was treated with detergents. reconstitution experiments using lipid bilayers suggested that the detergent extracts contain a channel forming protein. the protein was purified to homogeneity by preparative sds-page and identified as a protein with an apparent molecular mass of about 135 kda. the channel-forming unit dissociated into subunits with a molecular mass of about 22 kda when it was boiled in 80% dimethylsulfoxid (dmso). the channel has on a ... | 2001 | 11447506 |
| antiviral and antimicrobial activities of colombian medicinal plants. | strong antiviral and antimicrobial activities were detected in methanolic extracts of 24 plants used medicinally in the treatment of skin infections in four different regions of colombia. thirteen extracts displayed activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv) whereas none was active against poliovirus. the antiviral activity was indicated by a total inhibition of viral cytopathic effects (cpe) at a non-cytotoxic concentration of the extract. the most potent extract was obtained from byrsonima ve ... | 2001 | 11535363 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using immonoaffinity-purified antigen in the diagnosis of caprine paratuberculosis and its comparison with conventional elisas. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (apa-elisa) using an immunoaffinity-purified antigen was developed and compared with the unabsorbed and absorbed elisa procedures, using a crude antigenic preparation, for its efficacy in detecting antibodies in goat sera against mycobacterium ovium paratuberculosis. serum samples from 89 goats belonging to three different flocks, two with a history and evidence of paratuberculosis and one without it, were subjected to each elisa, which had been standardized ... | 2001 | 11583377 |
| characterization of biofilm growth and biocide susceptibility testing of mycobacterium phlei using the mbec assay system. | the importance of non-tuberculosis mycobacterial biofilm species in medicine, industry and the environment has recently gained attention. our objectives were to characterize biofilm growth of mycobacterium phlei m4, as a model of rapidly growing mycobacteria using the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) and to compare biocide susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm organisms. scanning electron microscopy was also carried out to observe biofilm morphology. with the exception of spor ... | 2001 | 11583858 |
| mycobacterial cell wall extract for treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder. | bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) established immunotherapy as an effective modality for carcinoma in situ of the bladder and remains the most effective agent for treatment. however, as a live organism it has the potential for undesirable side effects and toxicity. this result has led to the search for other active and safer biological response modifiers. we investigated the efficacy of a mycobacterial cell wall extract (mcwe) from mycobacterium phlei, which does not contain live bacteria, for mana ... | 2001 | 11586191 |
| thermophilic biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and its derivatives by mycobacterium phlei wu-f1. | dibenzothiophene (dbt) derivatives can be detected in diesel oil following hydrodesulfurization treatment, and they are widely recognized as target compounds for more efficient desulfurization. the moderately thermophilic bacterium mycobacterium phlei wu-f1 was isolated for its ability to grow at 50 degrees c in a medium with dbt as the sole source of sulfur. at 50 degrees c, resting cells of wu-f1 degraded 0.81 mm dbt within only 90 min to produce 2-hydroxybiphenyl as a desulfurized metabolite ... | 2001 | 11682191 |
| anticancer activity of mycobacterial dna: effect of formulation as chitosan nanoparticles. | mycobacterium phlei (m. phlei) dna inhibits cancer cell division but is susceptible to degradation by dnase. chitosan forms nanoparticulate polyelectrolyte complexes with dna, and may thus reduce nuclease degradation. we have characterized chitosan-dna nanoparticle formation, determined dnase susceptibility, and evaluated their antiproliferative activity. nanoparticle diameter initially decreased with increasing phosphate charge density. however nanoparticle diameter increased above 6 micromol o ... | 2001 | 11770702 |