| rabbits add to map mystery. | | 2002 | 12144905 |
| positive is900 in situ hybridization signals as evidence for role of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in etiology of crohn's disease. | | 2002 | 12149398 |
| paratuberculosis in a mandrill (papio sphinx). | a 2.5-year-old captive female mandrill (papio sphinx) died following a protracted course of intermittent abdominal bloat, diarrhea, and severe weight loss. necropsy revealed emaciation and marked gastrointestinal distention with gas and ingesta. histologic evaluation revealed severe diffuse granulomatous enterocolitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis with massive numbers of 1-2-microm acid-fast bacilli within macrophages. additionally, there was moderate to severe multifocal myocardial and vascular ... | 2002 | 12152813 |
| evaluation of bacteriologic culture of pooled fecal samples for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | to compare sensitivity of several methods of bacteriologic culture of pooled bovine fecal samples for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and evaluate homogeneity in number of m paratuberculosis in pooled fecal samples. | 2002 | 12171178 |
| rapid detection of single cell bacteria as a novel approach in food microbiology. | solid-phase cytometry (spc) is a novel technique that allows rapid detection of bacteria at the single cell level, without the need for a growth phase. after filtration of the sample, the retained microorganisms are fluorescently labeled on the membrane filter and automatically counted by a laser scanning device. each fluorescent spot can be visually inspected with an epifluorescence microscope connected to the chemscan by a computer-driven moving stage. depending on the fluorogenic labels used, ... | 2002 | 12180697 |
| an estimate of specificity for a johne's disease absorbed elisa in northern australian cattle. | to estimate the specificity of an absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for johne's disease (jd) when used in mature cattle populations resident in northern australia. | 2002 | 12180881 |
| agar gel immunodiffusion test (agid) evaluation for detection of bovine paratuberculosis in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the aim of this study is to evaluate the agid serological test for detection of antibodies anti-mycobacterium paratuberculosis and its possible adoption as diagnostic method in our field conditions. | 2002 | 12180935 |
| localisation of cd25+ cells and mhcii+ cells in lymph nodes draining mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis vaccination granuloma and the presence of a systemic immune response. | vaccination of goat kids against paratuberculosis protects against lesions and clinical disease. the systemic cellular response was studied in goat kids 3-9 weeks after vaccination. peripheral blood cells showed increased interferon-gamma production and expression of interleukin-2 receptor (cd25) after stimulation with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens. the lymph node draining the vaccination granuloma was studied three weeks after vaccination in a parallel group of goat kids. ... | 2002 | 12208110 |
| antigenicity of mycobacterium paratuberculosis superoxide dismutase in mice. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mpt) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis. the disease is prevalent in cattle worldwide, and exacts a heavy financial toll. effective control requires the development of acellular vaccines offering a better protection than the current available vaccines without side effects and allowing the discrimination between infected and vaccinated animals. we studied the immune response of mice to the mpt superoxide dismutase (sod) alone or adjuvanted by ribi. we clone ... | 2002 | 12208610 |
| adoptive transfer of balb/c mouse splenocytes reduces lesion severity and induces intestinal pathophysiologic changes in the mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis beige/scid mouse model. | successful immune reconstitution would enhance resistance of beige/scid mice to chronic infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, but may cause damage to intestinal tissue. therefore, we investigated the effect of adoptive transfer of balb/c mouse splenocytes on lesion severity and intestinal physiology in beige/scid mice infected with m. paratuberculosis. mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with m. paratuberculosis, and two weeks later were inoculated i.p. with v ... | 2002 | 12211277 |
| a real time pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using sybr green and the light cycler. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, and may also contribute to the onset and development of crohn's disease in humans. due to its reported heat resistance, isolation from pasteurised milk and the potential for transmission of map through environmental sources, rapid detection is imperative. here, we present a rapid real time pcr assay for map that can simultaneously detect and quantify this organism in the laboratory using sybr green and t ... | 2002 | 12223288 |
| gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | a bovine-specific cdna microarray system containing 721 unique leukocyte expressed sequence tags (ests) and amplicons representing known genes was used to compare gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from clinical and subclinical johne's disease-positive holstein cows (n = 2 per group). stimulation of pbmcs from clinically infected cows with mycobacterium paratuberculosis tended to decrease expression of 83 genes (fold change, >1.5). of these 83 genes, 16 displa ... | 2002 | 12228275 |
| differential responses of bovine macrophages to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically similar organisms; however, they differ in their virulence for cattle. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes a chronic intestinal infection leading to a chronic wasting disease termed paratuberculosis or johne's disease, whereas m. avium subsp. avium causes only a transient infection. we compared the response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages to ingestion of m. avium subsp. p ... | 2002 | 12228282 |
| paratuberculosis in free-ranging fallow deer in spain. | paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a population of approximately 1,000 free-ranging fallow deer (dama dama) sampled from 1997-98 in the regional hunting reserve of el sueve (asturias, spain). five of eight animals observed with diarrhea were diagnosed as having paratuberculosis on the basis of gross lesions at postmortem examination and histopathology. in two deer, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured and identified by polymerase chain reaction. indirect enzyme-linked immunoso ... | 2002 | 12238386 |
| evaluation of result variability with a commercial johne's disease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and repeat testing of samples. | two hundred one serum samples from individual dairy cows with a range of results on initial testing with a commercial johne's disease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit were repeat tested 5 times in each of 2 laboratories with kits produced by the same manufacturer. the results for the samples with all 10 replicates showed that the values for individual samples often had a coefficient of variation greater than 20%. as expected, the standard deviation for the results increased as the a ... | 2002 | 12296398 |
| management factors related to seroprevalences to bovine viral-diarrhoea virus, bovine-leukosis virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in dairy herds in the canadian maritimes. | bovine viral-diarrhoea (bvd), enzootic bovine leukosis (ebl), johne's disease (jd), and neosporosis lower on-farm productivity, reduce export competitiveness, and increase consumer concerns regarding safety. our purpose was to examine the relationship between 27 control practices and the estimated true seroprevalences for these four diseases for 2604 cattle in 90 dairy herds in the maritimes provinces of canada. overall, 37.8, 20.4, 3.4, and 19.2% of all sampled cattle were truly exposed to the ... | 2002 | 12324207 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis detected by nested pcr in intestinal granulomas isolated by lcm in cases of crohn's disease. | | 2002 | 12325511 |
| direct production losses and treatment costs from bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine leukosis virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum. | our purpose was to determine direct production losses (milk loss, premature voluntary culling and reduced slaughter value, mortaliy loss, and abortion and reproductive loss) and treatmetn costs (veterinary services, medication cost, and extra farm labour cost) due to four infectious diseases in the maritime provinces of canada: bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd), enzootic bovine leukosis (ebl), johne's disease (jd), and neosporosis. we used a partial-budget model, and incorporated risk and sensitivity ... | 2002 | 12350317 |
| putative in vitro expressed gene fragments unique to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | by a suppression subtractive hybridization based method, nine novel mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) fragments of between 318 and 596 bp have been identified and characterized. database search revealed little or no similarity with other mycobacteria. the uniqueness and diagnostic potential of seven of these fragments in relation to m. paratuberculosis closest relative mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (m. avium) was confirmed by species-specific pcr and southern b ... | 2002 | 12351231 |
| seroreactivities against saccharomyces cerevisiae and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis p35 and p36 antigens in crohn's disease patients. | crohn's disease (cd) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). accurate diagnosis of the disease is of great clinical importance to assess its prognosis and success of therapy. recent studies have validated and confirmed the potential utility of anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast; asca) igg/iga antibodies and anti-m. avium ss. paratuberculosis p35/p36 antibodies, separately, as serological markers to identify patients with cd. the efficacy of these markers was evaluate ... | 2002 | 12353858 |
| lesions in subclinical paratuberculosis of goats are associated with persistent gut-associated lymphoid tissue. | the organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue (the peyer's patches [pps] of domestic ruminants) is an important site of lesions caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. to investigate the association between pp morphology and the lesions of paratuberculosis in goats, two experiments were performed. five healthy kids aged 4-5 weeks were examined and the morphology of organized lymphoid tissue in the small intestine was described. morphological similarities were observed between the i ... | 2002 | 12354531 |
| pcr detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in crohn's disease granulomas isolated by laser capture microdissection. | the uncertainty surrounding the role of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) in crohn's disease has been compounded by possible contamination from map present in the lumen microflora. this study used laser capture microdissection (lcm) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect map dna in subepithelial granulomas, isolated from 15 surgically resected, formalin fixed specimens of granulomatous crohn's disease and from 12 granulomatous disease controls (10 bowel, 2 non-bowel). | 2002 | 12377804 |
| cytokine effects on maturation of the phagosomes containing mycobacteria avium subspecies paratuberculosis in j774 cells. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. a. ptb) is an intracellular pathogen of macrophages. intracellular survival of several species of pathogenic mycobacteria is dependent on inhibition of maturation of the phagosomes containing these pathogens into functional phagolysosomes. in activated macrophages, however, this capacity is reduced, leading to increased bacterial killing. it is the hypothesis of this study that there is increased acidification and maturation of the phagosome co ... | 2002 | 12381463 |
| temporal mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in t-cell receptor (tcr)-alpha and tcr-delta-deficient mice. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (johne's disease), a chronic inflammation of the terminal portion of the ileum in ruminants. the predominance of cell-mediated immunity in early stages of the disease suggests that t lymphocytes are essential to protect the host from infection with m. paratuberculosis. in this study, we investigated the role of alphabeta and gammadelta t cells in resistance to m. paratuberculosis infection using a t-cell receptor (tcr) kno ... | 2002 | 12383644 |
| [crohn's disease and paratuberculosis in ruminants]. | | 2002 | 12385148 |
| paucibacillary paratuberculosis in a goat. | a 5-year-old saanen doe was presented with emaciation, good appetite, normal feces, and a dry flaky hair coat. johne's disease was tentatively diagnosed. gross postmortem findings were a thickened, corrugated ileum and enlarged edematous mesenteric lymph nodes. histologically, there was extensive lymphocytic infiltration of the ileal lamina propria. mycobacterium paratuberculosis could not be identified or cultured. | 2002 | 12395763 |
| in vitro responses to purified protein derivate of caprine t lymphocytes following vaccination with live strains of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | live attenuated vaccines provide protection against intestinal lesions in goats infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. to examine the role of different t lymphocyte subsets in the development of this protective immunity, cd4(+), cd8(+) and gamma delta t cell receptor (tcr)(+) cells from peripheral blood of goat kids vaccinated with live attenuated strains of m. a. paratuberculosis were studied. after in vitro stimulation with purified protein derivate, the expression of gamma ... | 2002 | 12406657 |
| development of a peptide-mediated capture pcr for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. | based on phage display technology, a peptide-mediated magnetic separation technique was developed to facilitate selective isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) from bulk milk of naturally infected dairy herds. nine recombinant bacteriophages binding to m. paratuberculosis were isolated from a commercial phage-peptide library encoding random 12-mer peptides. nucleotide sequencing revealed the deduced sequence of the binding peptides. one peptide with the s ... | 2002 | 12409405 |
| interpretation of a commercial bovine paratuberculosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using likelihood ratios. | evidence-based medicine encourages the use of quantitative diagnostic test results to estimate the probability of a particular diagnosis. likelihood ratios (lrs) are among the best tools for maximizing the diagnostic information gained from diagnostic assays that provide results on a continuous scale. they provide the odds that an animal with a particular test result actually has the disease in question based on the magnitude of the test result. a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (el ... | 2002 | 12414776 |
| sensitivity of test strategies used in the voluntary johne's disease herd status program for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle herds. | to evaluate sensitivities at the herd level of test strategies used in the voluntary johne's disease herd status program (vjdhsp) and alternative test strategies for detecting dairy cattle herds infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 2002 | 12420786 |
| detection methods of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis is receiving increasingly wider interest of scientific groups worldwide. this slow-growing mycobacterium does not only evoke paratuberculosis--an infectious cattle disease that brings huge economic losses--but it is also regarded as a potential cause of human crohn;s disease. it is very difficult to diagnose precisely this kind of animal infection in its very early stages, as well as to detect occurrence of m. paratuberculosis cells in the environment, including fo ... | 2002 | 12448083 |
| variance components of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of igg antibodies in milk samples to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy cattle. | milk samples from 120 cows were tested up to 10 times in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies to mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. the purpose of the study was to estimate variance components of the assay attributable to laboratory factors using mixed model theory. because of significant interaction between the between-run, between-day and between-plate variables, the elisa-plate variable was nested in run-number and run-number was nested in day-numbe ... | 2002 | 12449247 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains from cattle and sheep can be distinguished by a pcr test based on a novel dna sequence difference. | a dna sequence differing between sheep and cattle types of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was identified and used to develop a pcr test. the test unequivocally distinguished all sheep types from cattle types and was negative for a wide range of other strains from the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex. the test will be useful for epidemiological purposes, particularly in hosts such as deer that can be easily infected with either type. | 2002 | 12454189 |
| earthworms (oligochaeta, lumbricidae) and mycobacteria. | the objective of the study was to define the role of earthworms in the survival of mycobacteria in animal populations. in 13 sampling sites mycobacteria were detected in 53 (5.5%) samples of faeces and parenchymatous tissues from animals, in 25 (7.3%) environmental and in nine (8.2%) earthworm samples. in cattle and goat farms affected by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) of is900 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) type b-c1 was isolated from 37 (4.6% ... | 2003 | 12477646 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as a cause of crohn's disease. | | 2003 | 12477784 |
| variation of the milk antibody response to paratuberculosis in naturally infected dairy cows. | a longitudinal study was performed to determine the course of the milk antibody response in cows presumably infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. milk samples were collected repeatedly (1 to 10 times) from all lactating cows in seven danish dairy herds. a total of 4,289 observations from 812 cows was analyzed after exclusion of samples collected after 280 days in milk (dim). the level of antibodies in the milk samples was assessed using an indirect elisa. a piece-wise linear ... | 2002 | 12487446 |
| detection by immunomagnetic pcr of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk from dairy goats in norway. | milk samples from 340 individual goats in 34 dairy herds throughout norway were examined for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m.a. paratuberculosis) by culture and immunomagnetic separation combined with pcr (ims-pcr). the samples included three categories; (a) vaccinated dairy goats in herds with paratuberculosis; (b) vaccinated dairy goats in herds with no history of paratuberculosis; (c) unvaccinated goats in herds with no history of paratuberculosis. viable m.a. paratuberculosis ... | 2003 | 12488077 |
| effect of pasteurization on survival of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mptb) is the causative agent of johne's disease of ruminant animals including cattle, goats, and sheep. it has been suggested that this organism is associated with crohn's disease in humans, and milk is a potential source of human exposure to this organism. a total of 18, including 7 regular batch and 11 high temperature short time (htst) pasteurization experiments, were conducted in this study. raw milk or ultra-high temperature pasteurized milk samples were spik ... | 2002 | 12512593 |
| activation of macrophages and interference with cd4+ t-cell stimulation by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subspecies avium. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. ptb) and m. avium subspecies avium (m. avium) are closely related but exhibit significant differences in their interaction with the host immune system. the macrophage line, j774, was infected with m. ptb and m. avium and analysed for cytokine production and stimulatory capacity towards antigen-specific cd4+ t cells. under all conditions j774 cells were activated to produce proinflammatory cytokines. no influence on the expression of major histo ... | 2003 | 12519304 |
| morbidity and mortality factors in key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium). | the population health of endangered key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium) was monitored from 10 february 1986 to 28 september 2000 by necropsy of animals that were killed by vehicles, euthanized because of terminal injuries or disease conditions, or found dead. the predominant mortality factor during the period was collision with motor vehicles; however, several infectious diseases were diagnosed, including infections with arcanobacterium pyogenes, haemonchus contortus, salmonella spp., and ... | 2002 | 12528433 |
| paratuberculosis in key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium). | paratuberculosis was diagnosed in an endangered key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium) in november 1996. between 10 april 1997 and 28 september 2000, the key deer population was monitored for infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by necropsy of available carcasses (n = 170), fecal cultures, and serology. one additional clinically affected key deer was discovered in july 1998, and m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from the feces of one live, asymptomatic deer. ... | 2002 | 12528439 |
| [inflammatory bowel disease--do microorganisms play a role?]. | this review focuses on the potential pathogenic role of microorganisms in relation to inflammatory bowel diseases, i.e. crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. pathogenic microorganism such as mycobacterium paratuberculosis, measles and mumps viruses, epstein-barr virus, and listeria monocytogenes are discussed, as well as involvement of the normal intestinal flora. furthermore, the influence of microorganisms in experimental animal colitis models is discussed. the available results are inconclu ... | 2002 | 12553118 |
| lack of association of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with oocytes and embryos from moderate shedders of the pathogen. | paratuberculosis is a chronic and progressive disease of the intestine in ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the bacterium is transmitted to young animals, becomes manifest in adulthood and leads to economic losses. the aim of this study is to investigate if cows shedding map possess oocytes and embryos that are carriers of the bacterium. new genetical material can enter the dairy farm using embryo transfer but the question as to whether this technique is safe ... | 2003 | 12559469 |
| an estimated prevalence of johne's disease in a subpopulation of alabama beef cattle. | the objective of this study was to estimate the overall prevalence of animals that were infected with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in a subpopulation of alabama beef cattle. this was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of m. avium ssp. paratuberculosis-specific antibodies in serum. serum was collected from 79 herds that were participating in the alabama brucellosis certification program. a total of 2,073 beef cattle were randomly ... | 2003 | 12580290 |
| cloning and characterization of the genes coding for antigen 85a, 85b and 85c of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | three genes encoding the secreted proteins (antigen 85-a, b, and c) of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were cloned, sequenced and studied. the complete sequences of these three 85-complex proteins revealed their similarity with 85-complex proteins of other mycobacterial species. specifically, these sequences showed 99% homology with m. avium 85-complex protein sequences. the multiple homology analysis of these sequences revealed that variations occur at only certain amino acid positi ... | 2002 | 12592709 |
| [paratuberculosis: the pathogen and routes of infection]. | paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), is a chronic and incurable enteritis of ruminants with economic importance worldwide. the infectious agent is an acid-fast rod defined solely based on its mycobactin-dependent growth in vitro and the presence of insertion element is900. the bacterium, which is difficult to culture primarily due to its extremely slow growth, occurs not only in cattle but also in other ruminant. in addition, it has b ... | 2002 | 12596562 |
| [pathogenesis and immune reactions of paratuberculosis]. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. ptb) is known as the cause of paratuberculosis for over a century but the knowledge on biology of the organism and pathogenesis of the disease is still limited. there are several reasons for the present lack of progress, these are (i) the extremely slow growth of the bacterium, a feature which has also protected the organism against researchers, (ii) confusion over its taxonomy and identification, (iii) limited possibilities for the application ... | 2002 | 12596563 |
| [the importance of allergic skin test with johnin, antibody elisa, cultural fecal test as well as vaccination for the sanitation of three chronically paratuberculosis-infected dairy herds in rhineland-palatinate]. | three chronically paratuberculosis infected herds were tested for six years twice a year (intradermal johnin test, antibody elisa (idexx corp.), microbial culture) according to a sanitary program. culling of shedding animals and vaccination of calves with neoparasec (merial corp.) were part of the program. in course of experiment, 1015 samples of 228 non vaccinated cows and 1502 samples of 293 vaccinated cattle have been tested. 3.8% of the vaccinated animals proved positive in microbial culture ... | 2002 | 12596564 |
| [diagnosis of paratuberculosis]. | diagnostics of paratuberculosis infection is a difficult and complex field, that causes confusion, lack of understanding and frustration in practitioners, veterinary officers and last but not least farmers. in this review the various diagnostic approaches with their potentials, advantages and disadvantages and their limits are discussed. | 2002 | 12596565 |
| [paratuberculosis eradication programs in northrhine-westfalia]. | since 1993 a voluntary eradication program for bovine paratuberculosis is established in northrhine-westfalia. after an effectivity control of the serological diagnostics it is combined with the fecal culture since august of 2000. parallel use of both methods is necessary for a successful eradication. it could be monitored that a high percentage of the newly bought cattle in the herds participating in the eradication program was considered positive. since paratuberculosis eradication is time and ... | 2002 | 12596567 |
| [bacteriological investigations about paratuberculosis in dairy herds in switzerland]. | in switzerland clinical bovine paratuberculosis is registered sporadically with on average seven outbreaks per year. our present studies are aimed to investigate the prevalence of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map)-infections in the swiss cattle population and, therefore methods to culture map from bovine feces as well as a commercially available elisa to detect map-specific antibodies are evaluated by using fecal samples and blood sera from herds with cases of clinical paratubercul ... | 2002 | 12596568 |
| immunogenicity of a 16.7 kda mycobacterium paratuberculosis antigen. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mpt), the agent of paratuberculosis is a slow growing mycobacteria that causes important economic losses mainly due to lower weight gains and drastic decrease in milk production. existing paratuberculosis vaccines are not completely protective and induce antibodies/delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction that cannot be differentiated from those of naturally infected animals. new potent acellular vaccines that allow discrimination between infected and vaccinat ... | 2003 | 12623276 |
| comparison of two dna extractions and nested pcr, real-time pcr, a new commercial pcr assay, and bacterial culture for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine feces. | in this study, 5 combinations of 2 dna extractions and 3 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques were compared with culture for the detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis directly from bovine feces. these combinations included a new commercial extraction technique combined with a commercial pcr/southern blot technique, nested pcr (npcr), or real-time pcr, and a university-developed extraction combined with npcr or real-time pcr. four of the 5 combinations had statistically similar sensit ... | 2003 | 12661717 |
| temporal patterns of diagnostic results in serial samples from cattle with advanced paratuberculosis infections. | as part of investigating diagnostic strategies for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), serial results from polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on extraintestinal tissues (blood, milk, and liver) were compared with those from more conventional detection methods including serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), fecal culture, and fecal pcr. three cows previously identified as being subclinically infected with map were selected for the study. blood, milk, and feces were collecte ... | 2003 | 12661735 |
| unanswered questions about the transmission of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | | 2003 | 12672360 |
| use of bioinformatics to predict a function for the gs element in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a member of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and causes the inflammatory bowel disease, johne's disease, in livestock. map has also been implicated as the causative agent of a similar disease, crohn's disease, in humans. one of three major genetic differences between map and non-pathogenic mac is the 6496-bp gs element. based on the output from freely available protein sequence and structural bioinformatics tools, and the close homology o ... | 2003 | 12673062 |
| phagosomal maturation and intracellular survival of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in j774 cells. | the mechanisms by which mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. a. ptb) survives within macrophages are not well characterized. one strategy for intracellular survival developed by mycobacterium tuberculosis is inhibition of phagosomal maturation. in this study it was hypothesized that m. a. ptb is capable of survival within macrophages by residing within a phagosomal compartment that does not mature into a functional phagolysosome. to test this hypothesis the following objectives we ... | 2003 | 12676127 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis in dairy herds in alberta. | fifty dairy herds in alberta were tested for the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by fecal culture and serum enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). individual sera (1500) were tested for antibodies to m. paratuberculosis by elisa. fecal samples were combined in pools of 3 (10 pools/herd) for a total of 500 pools that were cultured for m. paratuberculosis. thirty cultures, including all 10 pools from 1 herd, were not readable due to fungal contamination. the remaining 470 cultures, ... | 2003 | 12677691 |
| the use of spiral plating and microscopic colony counting for the rapid quantitation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | to evaluate a spiral plating and microscopic colony counting technique to hasten the quantitation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 2003 | 12680941 |
| do non-ruminant wildlife pose a risk of paratuberculosis to domestic livestock and vice versa in scotland? | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) was long considered only a disease of ruminants. recently non-ruminant wildlife species have been shown to harbor mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative organism of paratuberculosis. we review the known non-ruminant wildlife host range of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and consider their role in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in domestic ruminant livestock. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been isolated from lagomorph, ... | 2003 | 12685064 |
| longitudinal study to investigate variation in results of repeated elisa and culture of fecal samples for mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in commercial dairy herds. | to determine sources and amounts of variation in a kinetics elisa (kela) and results of culture of fecal samples for mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) in repeated tests of individual cows. | 2003 | 12693540 |
| evaluation of serum and milk elisas for paratuberculosis in danish dairy cattle. | a milk and a serum elisa for detection of antibodies against mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) were evaluated against the complement-fixation test (cft) and culture of faecal samples from 580 cows collected between august 1996 and december 1996. milk and serum were obtained concurrently from six dairy herds infected with map and from two dairy herds without history of infection with map.a cut-off value of 7 od% was used in the elisas. at this cut-off value, all six culture-positive ... | 2003 | 12706056 |
| application of different methods for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in a dairy cattle herd in argentina. | paratuberculosis (ptbc) has a high prevalence in argentina, that affects dairy and beef cattle. the culture is the gold standard to the diagnosis of the disease. mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), the aetiological agent, is difficult to isolate and grow in culture. in this study, 24 randomly selected cows of the fresian breed from a dairy herd with a history of ptbc were used to evaluate the performance of different diagnostic techniques. these animals did not show ... | 2003 | 12710496 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: evidence for limited strain diversity, strain sharing, and identification of unique targets for diagnosis. | the objectives of this study were to understand the molecular diversity of animal and human strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated in the united states and to identify m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic molecular markers to aid in disease detection, prevention, and control. multiplex pcr of is900 integration loci (mpil) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analyses were used to fingerprint m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered ... | 2003 | 12734243 |
| pooled fecal culture sampling for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at different herd sizes and prevalence. | a stochastic spreadsheet model was developed to obtain estimates of the costs of whole herd testing on dairy farms for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) with pooled fecal samples. the optimal pool size was investigated for 2 scenarios, prevalence (a low-prevalence herd [< or = 5%] and a high-prevalence herd [> 5%]) and for different herd sizes (100-, 250-, 500- and 1,000-cow herds). all adult animals in the herd were sampled, and the samples of the individuals were divided into e ... | 2003 | 12735345 |
| genomic homogeneity between mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis belies their divergent growth rates. | mycobacterium avium subspecies avium (m. avium) is frequently encountered in the environment, but also causes infections in animals and immunocompromised patients. in contrast, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is a slow-growing organism that is the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and chronic granulomatous infections in a variety of other ruminant hosts. yet we show that despite their divergent phenotypes and the diseases they present, the genomes ... | 2003 | 12740027 |
| a map to the diagnosis of crohn's disease. | | 2003 | 12769451 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: a review of current knowledge. | although mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection has had its greatest effect on domestic agricultural animal species, it can also have a significant impact on wildlife species. more cases of infection are being reported, and because of its ability to elude immunologic control and to persist in the environment, m. paratuberculosis may spread within and among captive and free-ranging wildlife populations in the absence of organized control programs. studies to improve our ability to ... | 2001 | 12785677 |
| use of growth indices from radiometric culture for quantification of sheep strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | a simple method for using growth indices from radiometric bactec cultures was evaluated for the enumeration of australian sheep strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the numbers of viable organisms in inocula were determined by end-point titration in bactec cultures. growth indices were measured by using a bactec 460 machine. there was a linear relationship between the number of days taken for the cumulative growth index to reach 1,000 (dcgi1000) and log(10) inoculum size. the ... | 2003 | 12788757 |
| rapid detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from cattle and zoo animals by nested pcr. | paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, a suspect causative agent of crohn's disease in man, is an emerging disease of international proportions affecting all ruminants. early stage detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection would accelerate progress in control programmes. despite new molecular approaches the standard diagnostic test for this disease is at present still the time consuming classic isolation procedure. therefore, alternative ... | 2001 | 12789121 |
| mycobacterium avium infection in an ostrich (struthio camelus). | acid-fast organisms were identified by histopathology of granulomatous lesions in an ostrich (struthio camelus). the organisms were grown in herrold's egg media with and without mycobactin and identified as mycobacterium avium. an agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test for mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis was performed for detection of antibody for m. avium in this infected ostrich and seven other ostriches that were in contact. the results of the agid were consistent with the pathologic diagn ... | 2001 | 12790402 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in an addax (addax nasomaculatus). | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from a single fecal sample collected from a 10-yr-old, captive-bred male addax (addax nasomaculatus). attempts to confirm infection with additional fecal cultures, serology, semen culture, and tissue biopsy were unsuccessful. there were no gross lesions on necropsy. on histopathology there were neither acid-fast organisms nor microscopic changes suggestive of active or clinical johne's disease. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis w ... | 2001 | 12790428 |
| efficacy of commercial and field-strain mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccinations with recombinant il-12 in a bovine experimental infection model. | the efficacy of commercial (strain 18) and field-isolate paratuberculosis vaccine preparations was investigated. the effect of prior exposure to mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the adjuvant effect of ril-12 on vaccine efficacy were also tested. both strain 18 and field-isolate vaccines induced strong local, systemic and enteric ifn-gamma responses. a significant reduction in mycobacterial colonization was observed when calves were vaccinated with the field-isolate prior to challenge, but not ... | 2003 | 12804836 |
| comparative evaluation of the mgit and bactec culture systems for the recovery of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from milk. | aims: to compare the detection capabilities of the non-radiometric mgit (mycobacteria growth indicator tubes) and radiometric bactec 460tb culture systems (becton dickinson, cowley, oxford, uk) for recovering mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from milk. methods and results: ultra heat treated (uht) milk samples spiked with different levels of m. paratuberculosis (10-107 cells ml-1) were inoculated into mgit and bactec media (containing recommended supplements) with and without prior ch ... | 2003 | 12807471 |
| nymphs of the oriental cockroach (blatta orientalis) as passive vectors of causal agents of avian tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. | the potential transmission of the causal agent of paratuberculosis mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and avian tuberculosis mycobacterium avium ssp. avium (actinomycetales: mycobacteriaceae) by nymphs of the oriental cockroach blatta orientalis l. (blattodea: blattidae) was investigated by oral infection with mycobacterial suspensions and examination of their droppings and bodies. both the subspecies of m. avium were isolated from droppings at 3 days post-infection and m. a. avium was fo ... | 2003 | 12823831 |
| detection and verification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fresh ileocolonic mucosal biopsy specimens from individuals with and without crohn's disease. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a robust and phenotypically versatile pathogen which causes chronic inflammation of the intestine in many species, including primates. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection is widespread in domestic livestock and is present in retail pasteurized cows' milk in the united kingdom and, potentially, elsewhere. water supplies are also at risk. the involvement of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in crohn's disease (cd) in humans has been uncertain be ... | 2003 | 12843021 |
| adrenomedullin expression by gastric epithelial cells in response to infection. | many surface epithelial cells express adrenomedullin, a multifunctional peptide found in a wide number of body and cell systems. recently, we and others have proposed that adrenomedullin has an important novel role in host defense. this peptide has many properties in common with other cationic antimicrobial peptides, including the human beta-defensins. upon exposure of human gastric epithelial cells to viable cells of invasive or noninvasive strains of helicobacter pylori, escherichia coli, salm ... | 2003 | 12853384 |
| the results of using faecal culture as confirmation test of paratuberculosis-seropositive dairy cattle. | a total of 15,822 cattle aged 3 years and older, belonging to 378 randomly selected herds, were tested for paratuberculosis using an absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa); 3.3% tested positive. this percentage was lowest for the group of cattle aged 3-4 years (2.3%) and highest for cattle with the age of 5-6 years (4.5%). the mean sample to positive (s/p) ratio of seropositive cattle vaccinated against paratuberculosis was higher (0.75 +/- 0.33) than that of seropositive, non-vaccin ... | 2003 | 12864898 |
| diagnostic testing patterns of natural mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in pygmy goats. | thirteen pygmy goats (capra hircus) from a herd naturally infected with mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (mptb) were monitored with 4 diagnostic assays for 2 to 15 mo. cellular and humoral immune responses to the infection were assessed with assays of gamma interferon (ifngamma), serum antibody [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and agar gel diffusion (agid)], and radiometric fecal culture. microscopic examination and radiometric culture of tissue from 12 sites were performed at ... | 2003 | 12889728 |
| development of the dutch johne's disease control program supported by a simulation model. | the development of a simulation model, "johnessim", was part of a research program aimed at designing a national johne's disease control program for the netherlands. initially, the focus was mainly directed towards different compulsory "test-and-cull" strategies. however, the results from the johnessim model showed that eradication of johne's disease based on such strategies would not be possible within 20 years and that it was also economically unattractive. however, improved calf management se ... | 2003 | 12900150 |
| seroprevalence of johne's-disease infection in dairy cattle in california, usa. | a total of 1,950 serum samples from dairy cattle in california, usa were tested for the presence of antibodies to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit. the sampled animals came from 65 herds and were sampled to reflect the relative numbers and distribution of dairy herds within three geographic regions in the state. using the manufacturers suggested cut-off for a positive test, 89 animals (4.6%) were positive. the ... | 2003 | 12900163 |
| is crohn's disease caused by a mycobacterium? comparisons with leprosy, tuberculosis, and johne's disease. | although crohn's disease is considered to be autoimmune in origin, there is increasing evidence that it may have an infectious cause. the most plausible candidate is mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). intriguingly, koch's postulates may have been fulfilled for map and crohn's disease, even though they still have not been met for mycobacterium leprae and leprosy. in animals map causes johne's disease, a chronic wasting intestinal diarrhoeal disease evocative of crohn's disease ... | 2003 | 12901893 |
| the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 35 kda protein plays a role in invasion of bovine epithelial cells. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) enters intestinal epithelial cells of cattle and other ruminants via a mechanism that remains to be fully elucidated. this study showed that a gene encoding the m. paratuberculosis 35 kda major membrane protein (mmp) is expressed at a higher level in low-oxygen and high-osmolarity conditions that are similar to the environment of the intestine. in addition, cattle with johne's disease produced antibodies against mmp, suggesting th ... | 2003 | 12904546 |
| analysis of repeated tests for interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) response and faecal excretion for diagnosis of subclinical paratuberculosis in danish cattle. | a total of 315 cattle were tested for infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) at three consecutive samplings, using the interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) test on whole blood and bacteriological culture of faecal samples. of 205 cattle from 10 infected herds 99 (48%) were positive in the ifn-gamma test on at least one sampling using "idexx-criteria" for interpretation, and of 110 cattle from five non-infected herds three (3%) were positive. forty-four animals f ... | 2003 | 12909406 |
| testing for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in asymptomatic free-ranging tule elk from an infected herd. | forty-five adult tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) in good physical condition were translocated from a population located at point reyes national seashore, marin county (california, usa), to a holding pen 6 mo prior to release in an unfenced region of the park. because infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) had been reported in the source population, the translocated elk underwent extensive ante-mortem testing using three johne's disease assays: enzyme linked immunoso ... | 2003 | 12910759 |
| early induction of humoral and cellular immune responses during experimental mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of calves. | johne's disease (paratuberculosis) of cattle is widespread and causes significant economic losses for producers due to decreased production and poor health of affected animals. the chronic nature of the disease and the lack of a reproducible model of infection hinder research efforts. in the present study, instillation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis into the tonsillar crypts of neonatal calves resulted in peripheral colonization as detected by antemortem culture of feces and post ... | 2003 | 12933856 |
| preliminary characterization of chemically generated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cell wall deficient forms (spheroplasts). | cell wall deficient forms (cwd, spheroplasts) genetically indistinguishable from m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have been isolated from patients with crohn's disease and sarcoidosis. these map cwd may be important in the pathogenesis of these diseases and in johne's disease in other animal species. cwd forms are extremely difficult to isolate and generally revert to cell wall competent forms (cwc) when cultured in vitro. cultured map strain 19698 were chemically treated to generate suffi ... | 2003 | 12935751 |
| the effect of decontamination protocols on the numbers of sheep strain mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from tissues and faeces. | the effect of decontamination protocols on the numbers of sheep strain mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated in bactec cultures from clinical samples was assessed by spiking tissues and faeces at various points during the decontamination procedure. routine protocols in the laboratory were shown to decrease the number of organisms isolated per sample by about 2.7 log(10) and 3.1 log(10) for faeces and tissues, respectively. these findings are important for the interpretation of neg ... | 2003 | 12935753 |
| prevalence estimates for paratuberculosis adjusted for test variability using bayesian analysis. | the elisa tests that are available to detect an infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have a limited validity expressed as the sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp). in many studies, the se and sp of the tests are treated as constants and this will result in an underestimation of the variability of the true prevalence (tp). bayesian inference provided a natural framework for using information on the test variability (i.e., the uncertainty) in the estimates of test se a ... | 2003 | 12941553 |
| mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (miru) differentiate mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from other species of the mycobacterium avium complex. | mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (miru) comprise short tandem repeat structures found at multiple loci throughout the mycobacterium tuberculosis genome and have been used for typing these pathogens. we have identified miru at 18 conserved loci throughout the common portions of the mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and m. avium subspecies avium (maa) genomes. six of these loci were found to differ between maa and map in the number of tandem repeat motifs occurring a ... | 2003 | 12944117 |
| use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification of the is900 sequence for rapid detection of cultured mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | we evaluated the usefulness of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) in detecting specific gene sequences of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). a total of 102 primer sets for lamp was designed to amplify the is900, hspx, and f57 gene sequences of map. using each of two primer sets (p-1 and p-2) derived from the is900 fragment, it was possible to detect map in a manner similar to that used with nested pcr. the sensitivity of lamp with p-1 was 0.5 pg/tube, which was more se ... | 2003 | 12958269 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis detection in bovine feces is improved by coupling agar culture enrichment to an is900-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. | the feasibility of coupling an agar culture enrichment step with gene amplification (ace-pcr) as a means to improve turnaround time and detect mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mpt) in the presence of contaminants was investigated. fecal samples from 463 pennsylvania dairy cows were cultured in duplicate sets. one replicate from each set was processed and interpreted according to standard culture (sc) protocol, whereas cultures from the second replicate were harvested at 6 weeks postinoculation; d ... | 1999 | 12968758 |
| evaluation of culture media for the recovery of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from cheddar cheese. | the study evaluated the efficacy of four mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) culture media in suppressing commonly used starter cultures and typical nonstarter microflora present during the manufacture and ripening of cheddar cheese, with a view to identify a suitable medium for the enumeration of map during laboratory-scale cheddar production. | 2003 | 12969490 |
| the effect of viomycin, 4:4' diamino diphenyl sulfone, and other agents on mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | | 1952 | 12996764 |
| sensitivity studies with repeated intradermal johnin tests in cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis; johne's disease. | | 1953 | 13030995 |
| the effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | | 1953 | 13044689 |
| [studies on the effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on mycobacterium tuberculosis avium and on mycobacterium paratuberculosis]. | | 1953 | 13108034 |
| the experimental infection of cattle with varieties of mycobacterium johnei isolated from sheep. | | 1953 | 13109042 |
| mycobactin, a growth factor for mycobacterium johnei. i. isolation from mycobacterium phlei. | | 1953 | 13115341 |
| [strain of mycobacterium paratuberculosis; observations on its isolation and on its pathogenic activity]. | | 1953 | 13115560 |