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sex differences in the susceptibility of mice to infection induced by mycobacterium intracellulare.sex differences in the susceptibility of balb-c mice to mycobacterium intracellulare infection were studied. when mice were given m. intracellulare intravenously, macroscopic lesions were considerably more extensive in the lungs, liver, and kidneys of male mice than in female mice. a significantly more marked growth of organisms occurred in these visceral organs of the male mice during the course of infection for as long as 16 wk after the challenge. this difference can be partly explained by th ...19902382907
binding of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare to human leukocytes.we examined nonopsonic binding of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare (mai) by human leukocytes. macrophages (m phi) avidly bound fluorescently labeled mai in the absence of serum proteins. binding appeared to be mediated by a lineage-specific, proteinaceous receptor on m phi, since (i) binding of labeled bacteria could be competitively inhibited by unlabeled mai, (ii) treatment of m phi with trypsin ablated the ability of m phi to bind mai, and (iii) the capacity to bind mai was ob ...19902387629
numerical taxonomy of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria, emended description of mycobacterium avium, and description of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium subsp. nov., mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subsp. nov., and mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum subsp. nov.we performed a numerical taxonomy analysis of 38 mycobacterium paratuberculosis and related mycobacterial strains, including wood pigeon mycobacteria; this analysis was based on 22 tests, which were selected for their potential discriminative value from a total of 51 tests studied and produced four well-defined clusters. cluster 1 contained the m. paratuberculosis strains, including two strains isolated from crohn's disease patients; cluster 2 contained mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intr ...19902397193
selective enzyme staining procedures for characterization of mycobacterial immunoprecipitates.selective staining procedures for four different enzymes (malate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, leucine aminopeptidase and glucose phosphate isomerase) in combination with two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis were successfully applied to the analysis of antigen preparations from mycobacteria. thus, a precipitate corresponding to malate dehydrogenase could e.g. be demonstrated in multi-linear precipitation patterns of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium bovis bcg, mycobacterium ...19862417958
serologic and cellular cross-reactivity of fractions of mycobacterium intracellulare (battey).sonicates of mycobacterium intracellulare grown in synthetic medium were separated into ammonium sulfate (50%) precipitable and nonprecipitable fractions. gel filtration of the precipitable fraction through columns of sephacryl s-300 resulted in four fractions labeled a, b, c and d in order of elution. fractions c and d were further fractionated into 12 and 13 subfractions, respectively. the subfractions were examined for reactivity by rocket immunoelectrophoresis (r-ie) procedures and by skin t ...19862439398
intrinsic catalase dot blot immunoassay for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare.the heat-labile t class of mycobacterial catalase exhibits peroxidase activity with some substrates. most species of mycobacteria produce t-catalase, which is serologically characterized by a combination of shared epitopes and unique, species-specific epitopes. antibodies to t-catalases from mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare have been cross absorbed with t-catalases from heterologous species and applied as dots to nitrocellulose membranes. when the ...19872443531
characterization of serologic and cell-mediated reactivity of a 38-kda antigen isolated from mycobacterium tuberculosis.an antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis with an m.w. of 38,000 has been isolated by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody. this antibody bound only to an antigen found in m. tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis bcg. the specificity of the antigen was tested in a vertical study by immunodetection on western blots reacted with hyperimmune sera against m. tuberculosis, m. bovis, and 10 other mycobacterium species. the antigen was detected only by antisera to m. tuberculosis and m. bo ...19872443566
isolation and characterization of a recombinant lambda gt11 bacteriophage which expresses an immunoreactive mycobacterium intracellulare protein in escherichia coli.disseminated mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare (m. avium complex) disease is a prevalent opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. because of the increasing importance of this disease, an m. avium complex lambda gt11 expression library was prepared. we screened the library with an absorbed anti-m. intracellulare serum and identified a recombinant phage which expressed a 190-kilodalton beta-galactosidase-m. intracellulare fusion protein. lysates ...19882460405
two types of suppressor t cells that inhibit delayed-type hypersensitivity to mycobacterium intracellulare in mice.mycobacterium intracellulare mino grows progressively in the organs of c57bl/6 mice. when c57bl/6 mice were injected with strain mino, very weak or almost no delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to the specific antigen, m. intracellulare purified protein derivative, was observed. the dth response was enhanced by cyclophosphamide pretreatment, indicating that some suppression mechanism(s) might be involved in dth. in cell transfer experiments it was shown that two types of suppressor t cells, affe ...19892465271
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against specific serotypes of mycobacterium avium and the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare-mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex.serotype-specific and mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare-mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex (mais complex)-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared. a series of mabs were obtained, five specific for serotype 2, three specific for serotype 4, eight against a strain of serotype 19, two specific for the mais complex, and two against a common glycolipid shared by all the mycobacteria tested so far. the serotype-specific and the mais complex-specific mabs reacted in immunoflu ...19892473038
diagnosis of mycobacterium bacteremia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by direct examination of blood films.thirty acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with mycobacterial bacteremia documented by du pont isolator (du pont co., wilmington, del.) blood cultures underwent microscopic examination of buffy coat blood smears. of 30 patients, 14 were culture positive for mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex and 1 was positive for m. tuberculosis. of 15 culture-positive patients, 13 had identifiable organisms on kinyoun- or auramine-stained direct blood smears.19892498390
structure and function of mycobacterial glycolipids and glycopeptidolipids.earlier work from this and other laboratories has revealed the presence within mycobacterium spp. of three classes of glycolipid antigens which we have called the glycopeptidolipids, the lipooligosaccharides and the phenolic glycolipids. representative structures of each from different species and sub-species have been proposed. more recently, new variants of these antigens and older structures have been analyzed by fourier transform infrared, nmr, particularly at high temperatures, and, most no ...19892504012
direct identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare from amplified primary cultures in bactec media using dna probes.dna probes (gen-probe, san diego, calif.) directed at the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex were used to identify acid-fast bacilli directly from specimens grown in bactec 12b bottles (becton dickinson and co., towson, md.). clinical specimens were inoculated directly or after decontamination into a bactec 12b bottle, middlebrook 7h11 agar, and lowenstein-jensen medium. conventional media were incubated at 37 degrees c in 5% co2 and examined wee ...19892504770
sensitivity to "atypical" mycobacteria in high school children in two community health departments.to evaluate the prevalence of atypical mycobacteria infections in our population, a study was done among students of secondary fifth grade (15-19 years of age) in the community health departments of maisonneuve-rosemont in montreal and of sherbrooke. the tuberculin used was the rt-23 2 t.u. with tween 80 and the sensitins prepared by the statens serum institute of copenhagen from mycobacterium intracellulare (battey) and from mycobacterium kansasii. each student had a tuberculin test on one arm ...19892509059
[suppressor t cells against delayed type hypersensitivity to mycobacterium intracellulare].mycobacterium intracellulare mino strain (mino) grows progressively in the organs of susceptible mice, such as c57bl/6, c57bl/10 or balb/c. it is very difficult to induce acquired immunity against m. intracellulare in those susceptible mice. c57bl/6 (b6) mice show no or very weak delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) to partially purified mino antigens when sensitized with 10(7) living mino subcutaneously. b6 mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide (cy) showed enhanced dth to mino, suggesting that s ...19892525136
encephalopathy as a presentation of pediatric aids: case report.fifty to ninety percent of pediatric aids cases are complicated by neurologic dysfunction. we present a case of a 5-year-old black female with aids encephalopathy and mycobacterium avium intracellulare. her initial presentation was that of neuroencephalopathy with loss of developmental milestones, pyramidal tract signs, and subsequent evidence of cortical atrophy. her initial ct scan at the time of frank encephalopathy was normal, whereas 18 months into the clinical course of her encephalopathy, ...19892552869
activity of rifabutin alone and in combination with clofazimine, kanamycin and ethambutol against mycobacterium intracellulare infections in mice.treatment of mice for 12 weeks with clofazimine or kanamycin decreased the number of organisms from lungs, liver and spleen of mice infected with mycobacterium intracellulare n-260, compared with findings seen with rifabutin or ethambutol. treatment with various drug combinations (rifabutin-ethambutol, rifabutin-clofazimine, rifabutin-kanamycin, rifabutin-ethambutol-clofazimine, rifabutin-ethambutol-kanamycin, and rifabutin-clofazimine-kanamycin), particularly in the presence of clofazimine, enh ...19892559522
dna polymorphism in mycobacterium paratuberculosis, "wood pigeon mycobacteria," and related mycobacteria analyzed by field inversion gel electrophoresis.mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains, mycobacteria from patients suffering from crohn's disease, "wood pigeon mycobacteria," and representatives of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare were compared by restriction endonuclease drai digestion and field inversion gel electrophoresis. characteristic profiles were seen for m. paratuberculosis, including isolates from patients suffering from crohn's disease, for wood pigeon mycobacteria, and for m. avium-m. intracellulare serotypes 2, 1 ...19892574186
mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare infections in patients with and without aids.a genetic probe (gen-probe) was used to evaluate potential epidemiologic and susceptibility differences of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from 154 patients with and without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). genetic analysis revealed that 98% of the 45 patients with aids harbored only m. avium regardless of the anatomic or geographic source of the isolate; in contrast, approximately 40% of mac isolates recovered from 109 patients without aids were m. intracellular ...19892584751
[effect of aging on the mode of mycobacterium intracellulare infection].effect of aging on the mode of mycobacterium intracellulare infection was examined using female ddy strain mice of 6, 12, 24, 48, 64 and 80 weeks old. when mice were infected intravenously with m. intracellulare 31f093 (8 x 10(7] and the incidence and the degree of gross lesions in the lungs and viable number of the organisms in the lungs and spleen were studied at 8 weeks after bacterial challenge, there was no marked difference in the grade of pathological lesions by age. however, all the mice ...19892585948
different correlations of drug susceptibilities to colonial morphology in mycobacterium avium complex strains.in mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare complex strains isolated from patients who were not treated previously by any antituberculosis drugs or from fowls, the colonial morphology, smooth, domed, opaque (smd) or smooth, flat, transparent (smt) colonial forms, significantly correlated with susceptibilities to rifampicin, minocycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, enviomycin, ethambutol, and sulfadimethoxine, whereas it did not correlate with susceptibilities to isoniazid, cycloserine, ...19892622394
regulation of host resistance to mycobacterium intracellulare in vivo and in vitro by the bcg gene. 19892673999
identification and partial characterization of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare by using dna probes.we attempted to identify the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated in japan by using dna probes specific for m. avium or mycobacterium intracellulare (gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for mac; gen-probe, inc., san diego, calif.). the source and drug susceptibility distributions were examined. this assay system proved to be rapid, sensitive, specific, and reliable for identification of mac and of the species as either m. avium or m. intracellulare. the dna probe test showed that of the gene ...19892745706
susceptibility of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare to various antibacterial drugs.mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare of human and natural sources, identified by the gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for m. avium complex (mac) were studied for susceptibility to eight different drugs. in the case of human isolates of mac, the following was noted. m. avium showed nearly the same susceptibility to streptomycin, kanamycin, ethambutol, and clofazimine as was seen with m. intracellulare. m. avium was much more resistant to rifampicin and rifabutin than was m. intracellulare, ...19892770562
mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare infection limited to the skin and lymph nodes in patients with aids.three patients with aids who were taking 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) developed cutaneous abscesses from which mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated. culture of multiple blood samples and bone marrow aspirate from all three patients revealed that the infection was not disseminated. this is a rare form of presentation for this infection in aids patients. we speculate that the antiviral drug azt was responsible for the localization of disease.19892772468
mycobacteremia caused by simultaneous infection with mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare detected by analysis of a bactec 13a bottle with the gen-probe kit.simultaneous infection with mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare in an aids patient was suspected after direct analysis of two bactec 13a blood cultures with the gen-probe kit for m. avium complex. a mixed infection was confirmed by evaluating isolated colonies. the gen-probe kit may provide a simple technique for detecting mixed m. avium-m. intracellulare infections.19892791484
[a probable case of adult williams-campbell syndrome incidentally detected by an episode of atypical mycobacterial infection].a 39-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dry cough. she had been quite well until 1 month before admission. she had no history of chronic sinusitis. chest x-ray film showed a thin-walled cavity in the superior segment of the left lower lobe of the lung. curettage biopsy of the cavity wall revealed granulomatous change. mycobacterium intracellulare-avium complex was identified on sputum culture. anti-tuberculous therapy was given and the cavity disappeared in 3 months. since at ...19892796059
mycobacterium kansasii in a rhesus monkey.the incidence of pulmonary disease caused by "atypical" mycobacteria has been increasing gradually in the human population since the 1950s. mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium intracellulare are the two organisms most responsible for this trend. a rhesus monkey was euthanatized and necropsied after reacting positive to mammalian old tuberculin on semi-annual testing. histopathology demonstrated the presence of small numbers of acid fast organisms in pulmonary lesions. further microbiologica ...19892811282
the use of dna probes identifying restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms to examine the mycobacterium avium complex.dna probes were used to identify restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms (rflps) in dna samples, demonstrating that the mycobacterium avium complex could be clearly divided into m. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare strains. less than 2% dna base substitution was found between m. avium strains, whereas the m. intracellulare strains had greater than 15% base substitution. the johne's disease bacillus, mycobacterium paratuberculosis (american type strain), was found to be distinguishable fro ...19872896288
speciation of organisms within the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare-mycobacterium scrofulaceum (mais) complex based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms.a dna probe which hybridizes to all pathogenic species of slow-growing mycobacteria has been used to identify restriction-fragment-length-polymorphisms (rflps) in bam hl digests of chromosomal dna from members of the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare-mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex. the rflp patterns so produced were found to fall into distinct categories which were representative of each of the three species. except for two doubtful isolates, strains of m. avium were found to ...19882907775
intestinal multiplication of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in athymic nude gnotobiotic mice.in this study gnotobiotic mice were inoculated with a human isolate of mycobacterium paratuberculosis (strain linda; atcc 43015) in an attempt to investigate the pathogenesis of intestinal paratuberculosis. mycobacterium paratuberculosis-monoassociated nu/+ mice developed a persistent low-level intestinal infection but did not support progressive bacillary multiplication. in contrast, monoassociated nu/nu mice eventually harbored approximately 10(7) m. paratuberculosis per g of intestinal tissue ...19892909488
use of a cutoff range in identifying mycobacteria by the gen-probe rapid diagnostic system.commercial dna probes (gen-probe corp., san diego, calif.) for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare were compared with conventional methods for accuracy, applicability, and speed for the identification of putative isolates of the m. tuberculosis and m. avium complexes. results are expressed as percent hybridization. values of greater than 15% were considered positive, and values of less than 5% were negative. cultures having hybridization value ...19892915018
comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin and other 4-quinolones against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium intracellulare.the in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, amifloxacin, and norfloxacin against 22 clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated by agar dilution. the mics for 90% of the isolates of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 0.5 and 1 microgram/ml, respectively. amifloxacin and norfloxacin were less active. the mics for 90% of the isolates of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against 20 clinical isolates of mycobacterium intracellulare were determined by agar dilution to be 2 and 8 micr ...19862940969
chronic infection due to mycobacterium intracellulare in mice: association with macrophage release of prostaglandin e2 and reversal by injection of indomethacin, muramyl dipeptide, or interferon-gamma.as a model for the study of human atypical mycobacterial disease, we explored the basis for the prolonged mycobacteriosis in mice infected with mycobacterium intracellulare. two weeks after i.v. injection of mycobacteria, peritoneal macrophages were found to be activated, as indicated by their capacity to produce large amounts of superoxide anion (o2-) in response to phorbol myristate acetate (pma) or viable m. intracellulare. however, 4 wk after infection, despite the continued presence of larg ...19863005400
opportunistic infections in patients with aids: clues to the epidemiology of aids and the relative virulence of pathogens.the frequency of nine reactivating or opportunistic infections and kaposi's sarcoma among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was reviewed. the diagnoses of 87 patients reported from the colorado aids registry and 359 others from literature reports were abstracted, and data were placed in one of 11 categories on the basis of the risk group of the patient. pneumocystis carinii infection was significantly commoner among blood or blood-product recipients than among natives o ...19863006206
activity of rifabutin alone or in combination with clofazimine or ethambutol or both against acute and chronic experimental mycobacterium intracellulare infections.rifabutin (ansamycin lm 427) when given alone in doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg showed limited in vivo activity against acute or chronic mycobacterium intracellulare infections studied in beige c57b1/6, or s/w mice. prophylactic studies in s/w mice in which chemotherapy was given for 3 wk prior to challenge showed slight improvement. combination chemotherapy consisting of rifabutin (10 mg/kg) and clofazimine (20 mg/kg) achieved complete sterilization of m. intracellulare infections in spleen and lu ...19873039879
effect of rifabutin on the phagocytosis and intracellular growth of mycobacterium intracellulare in mouse resident and activated peritoneal and alveolar macrophages.in order to understand the discrepant results between in vitro and in vivo activity of rifabutin (lm 427) against mycobacterium intracellulare, we studied its effects upon the phagocytosis of m. intracellulare by resident and activated mouse peritoneal and alveolar macrophages and upon growth of m. intracellulare inside these cells. rifabutin (ansamycin, lm 427) had no effect on the viability of resident or activated peritoneal or alveolar macrophages or on the phagocytosis of m. intracellulare ...19873039880
changes of the biotype of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex causing lung disease in japan.a survey was carried out on the biological and biochemical characteristics of 661 strains of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex that caused lung disease in the period 1976 to 1986. the results showed that the proportion of strains which showed 2-week-arylsulphatase activity and that of those which were able to utilize glucose as sole carbon source in the presence of glutamate-nitrogen decreased markedly, and that the proportion of those which utilized neither n-butanol nor iso-butanol ...19883055574
the relationship between immunodiffusion and agglutination serotypes of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare.twenty mycobacterium avium/intracellulare strains of diverse origins and two reference strains of each of schaefer's serotypes 1-21 were examined by immunodiffusion analysis. the results produced three distinct groups, which we have called a, b and c. two of these, a and b, appear to be variants, perhaps subspecies of m. avium, and group c is m. intracellulare. within each group, rough variants, untypable by schaefer's agglutination method, were found to be antigenically identical to the smooth ...19863096757
t lymphocyte responses to mycobacterial antigen in aids patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare infection.patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who have mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare (mai) infection typically have widely disseminated disease, often fail to respond to multi-drug chemotherapeutic regimens, and show little or no inflammatory tissue response. to determine if this clinicopathologic state correlates with in vitro lymphocyte responses to specific antigen, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 18 patients with aids who had mai bacillemia were stimulate ...19883129241
rapid detection and identification of pathogenic mycobacteria by combining radiometric and nucleic acid probe methods.the combination of radiometric methodology (bactec 12b) and probe technology for recovery and identification of mycobacteria was studied in two large hospital laboratories. the sediment from vials with positive growth indices was tested with dna probes specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare. the sensitivity of the radiometric method and the specificity of the probes resulted in a marked reduction in the time to the final report. biochemical ...19883137247
t-cell-mediated immunity in persistent mycobacterium intracellulare infections in mice.growth of mouse-virulent mycobacterium intracellulare d673 and tmc 1405 in the lung was affected by t-cell depletion in susceptible c57bl/6 mice. significant differences also occurred between the growth patterns seen in congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice and their nu/+ littermates. treatment of the mice with an immunosuppressive regimen of cyclosporin a (75 mg/kg of body weight per day subcutaneously) provided further evidence of the importance of t cells in controlling growth of m. intracellular ...19883262585
mycobacteria other than mycobacterium tuberculosis: review of microbiologic and clinical aspects.the rate of isolation of mycobacteria other than mycobacterium tuberculosis (mott) has increased over the past several years; in some areas the isolation rate for mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare has surpassed that for m. tuberculosis. simultaneously, the spectrum of clinical manifestations with the various species has widened. outbreaks of disease due to mycobacterium chelonae have occurred in renal dialysis patients. new species have been described: mycobacterium malmoense is p ...19873296098
mycobacterial antigen detection by immunohistochemistry in pulmonary tuberculosis.a preliminary diagnosis of tuberculosis can be established by the detection of acid-fast bacilli (afb) and confirmed by culture of the microorganism. to evaluate an alternative method of diagnosis, the distribution of mycobacterial antigens in lung tissue specimens was characterized by an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and was compared to the detection of afb by ziehl-neelsen stain. histologic specimens were obtained from 59 hospital patients. of nine patients with mycobacterial disea ...19873297995
[clinical trial of forphenicinol for the lung infection with mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare complex].clinical evaluation of forphenicinol, a low molecular weight immunomodulator, in patients with mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare complex pulmonary infections has been conducted in a multicenter trial participated by 9 institutions in kyushu during a period of 12 months from july 1982 to august 1983. forphenicinol was administered for 6 months without changing the regimen of antituberculous drugs used previously. the following results were obtained. 1. ten out of 33 eligible patie ...19873302344
the simultaneous inoculation of mycobacterium leprae and m. intracellulare into nude mice: development of cutaneous leproma and accelleration of foot pad swelling.organisms of the non-pathogenic mycobacterium intracellulare serotype 19 darden enhanced the pathogenicity of m. leprae when inoculated together into the foot pads of nude mice. this supporting effect could be demonstrated by an accelleration of foot pad swelling, beginning 4 months after inoculation and by the development of cutaneous leproma on dorsal and lateral body sites within 6 months after inoculation. these leproma increased in number and size during the 9 months they were under observa ...19873330554
detection of a novel catalase in extracts of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare.a novel class of catalase, which differs from the previously described m- and t-catalases of mycobacteria, was detected in strains of mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare. designated a-catalase, this enzyme resisted inactivation at 68 degrees c, was inactivated by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (aminotriazole), and exhibited no peroxidase activity. all of these properties distinguished the enzyme from t-catalase. the a-catalase exhibited a km of 70 mm h2o2, which is between the upper and lower extr ...19883346077
further studies on colistin (polymyxin e)-induced cell leakage in mycobacteria: mg++ efflux in mycobacterium avium and its effects on drug-susceptibility.action of colistin (polymyxin e) was investigated on the opportunistic pathogenic species mycobacterium avium atcc 15769 (resistant strain, mic greater than 100 micrograms/ml). mycobacterium intracellulare atcc 13950: a colistin-susceptible strain (mic 25 micrograms/ml), was used as a parallel control for mg++ efflux experiments. after the addition of 100 micrograms/ml of colistin to bacteria suspended in a buffer, both loss of viability and mg++ efflux were followed for one week. although there ...19883394452
characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography and rapid demonstration of mycobactin dependence using radiometric methods.thirty-six mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolates of bovine, caprine, and ovine origins were evaluated by using gas-liquid chromatography (glc), thin-layer chromatography (tlc), and bactec 7h12 middlebrook tb medium (12a; johnston laboratories, inc., towson, md.) in an effort to more rapidly differentiate this group of organisms from other mycobacteria. bacterial suspensions (0.1 ml) were inoculated by syringe into 7h12 broth containing 2 micrograms of mycobactin p per ml and control broth with ...19873429629
attenuated mycobacterium lepraemurium vaccine non-protective against mycobacterium intracellulare infection in mice. 19863528063
macrophage uptake and retention of radiolabeled glycopeptidolipid antigens associated with the superficial l1 layer of mycobacterium intracellulare serovar 20.glycopeptidolipid (gpl) antigens which are associated with the superficial l1 layer of mycobacterium intracellulare serovar 20 were labeled with radioisotopes by means of internal labeling techniques and used in macrophage uptake and retention studies. the use of tritiated alanine and phenylalanine allowed the incorporation of label into the gpl invariant fatty acyl peptide core, which is common to all members of the mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex. radiolabeled gpl antigens were t ...19863531012
mycobacterial plasmids: screening and possible relationship to antibiotic resistance in mycobacterium avium/mycobacterium intracellulare. 19863540539
detection of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare in blood cultures using concentrated and unconcentrated blood in conjunction with a radiometric detection system.studies were performed in order to determine optimal methods for isolating mycobacteria from blood. the combined use of a lysis-centrifugation (isolator) system and a radiometric-detection system (bactec) was compared to the use of either unconcentrated blood or centrifuged blood pellet in conjunction with the bactec mycobacterial system. results showed that for cultures with greater than 10 colony forming units (cfu) per ml of blood, the use of unconcentrated blood and centrifuged blood pellet ...19873545654
[sensitivity of mycobacterium intracellulare and mycobacterium kansasii to antituberculous drugs]. 19863582058
[epidemiology of infection by mycobacterium intracellulare. sensitivity to ppd rt23 and ppd-b in certain parts of china]. 19873622148
rapid identification using a specific dna probe of mycobacterium avium complex from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.specific dna probes (gen-probe corp., san diego, calif.) for mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium tuberculosis were compared with conventional methods for the identification of isolates of the mycobacterium avium complex. a total of 56 isolates of m. avium complex were recovered from 34 respiratory, 13 blood, 6 stool, and 3 urine samples from 23 patients. a total of 33 isolates were tested directly from middlebrook 7h11 agar plates, and 23 isolates were tested dir ...19873624446
characterization of mycobacterial immunoprecipitates by selective staining of enzymes.immune precipitation patterns of mycobacterium intracellulare, m. phlei and m. smegmatis were analysed by selective enzyme staining procedures in order to characterize individual mycobacterial antigens. enzyme activity was shown in eight precipitinogens of m. intracellulare, seven of m. phlei, and six of m. smegmatis. the identification of mycobacterial precipitinogens as enzymes is important since only a few mycobacterial antigens have been functionally characterized.19873668506
[a case of thrombosis occurring in the main trunk of the pulmonary arterial trees with pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium intracellulare]. 19873694968
tuberculous osteomyelitis caused by mycobacterium intracellulare in the brush-tailed bettong. 19863735593
haptenic oligosaccharides in antigenic variants of mycobacterial c-mycosides antagonize lipid receptor activity for mycobacteriophage d4 by masking a methylated rhamnose.the simple apolar c-mycosides, i.e., structurally well-defined hydrophobic glycopeptidolipids of several mycobacterium species (see diagram below), were earlier shown to behave as receptors for adsorption of mycobacteriophage d4. this phage is usually virulent for mycobacterium smegmatis. more complex, polar c-mycosides with additional carbohydrate substituents attached solely to the deoxytalose have recently been described. they are the highly specific serotyping antigens discovered by w. b. sc ...19863759906
oxidative and phagocytic functions of macrophages during infections induced in mice by mycobacterium intracellulare and listeria monocytogenes.the oxidative metabolism (chemiluminescence and h2o2 release) and phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages during chronic infections induced by mycobacterium intracellulare and more acute infections due to listeria monocytogenes were studied. in m. intracellulare infections, macrophage chemiluminescence in response to phorbol myristate acetate (pma) was greatest at around 2 weeks, with a 1 week lag phase after infection, while the pma-triggered h2o2 release was markedly enhanced even ...19863760821
taxonomic differences between mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare elucidated in man by skin tests with three new tuberculins.new tuberculins called aviumins a, b and c prepared from m. avium, its proposed subspecies m. avium brunense and m. intracellulare respectively have been skin tested on school children in six countries as a part of larger studies. the results show that the reagents are recognised separately in most cases by the human immune system. although there is some significant interdependence in sensitization to these reagents, the frequency of meeting the organisms must be very high since 33% of children ...19863780895
effect of combined clofazimine and ansamycin therapy on mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare bacteremia in patients with aids. 19873794396
production and characterization of serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies to serovars 4, 8, and 9 of mycobacterium intracellulare.serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare-mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex serovars 4, 8, and 9 were prepared. nine, four, and one monoclonal antibodies, respectively, to the serovars were prepared by the usual cell fusion technique. all nine monoclonal antibodies to serovar 4 were monospecific for their homologous serovar and reacted with several native glycopeptidolipids (gpls) and one major deacylated gpl from the homologous serovar. one ...19873818094
the presence of novel glucuronic acid-containing, type-specific glycolipid antigens within mycobacterium spp. revision of earlier structures.previously, we had described the structures of the haptenic oligosaccharides of the surface glycopeptidolipid antigens from serotypes 9 and 25 of the mycobacterium avium complex and had synthesized these units as putative antigenic probes. the lack of chemical concordance between the synthetic products and the haptens has prompted a re-examination of these structures utilizing the instrumental techniques not previously available of fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, fourier transform infra ...19873818654
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of glycolipid antigens for identification of mycobacteria.enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays which are based on species- or type-specific glycolipids antigens and in which rabbit antisera are prepared with homologous strains are capable of distinguishing among serological variants of the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare-mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex, mycobacterium chelonei subspecies chelonei and abscessus, mycobacterium simiae i and ii, mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium szulgai, mycobacterium xenopi, and mycobacterium fortuitu ...19853886692
humoral response to disseminated infection by mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hairy cell leukemia.antibody to mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare antigen was measured by immunodiffusion, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and indirect immunofluorescence in sera from 30 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), 10 patients with hairy cell leukemia, and 33 hospitalized and healthy controls. ten patients with aids and three patients with hairy cell leukemia in the study population had disseminated m. avium-m. intracellulare infection. patients with aids and d ...19853919112
synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2,2'-dithiobis(benzamide) derivatives against mycobacterium species.a series of compounds, which are analogues of 2,2'-dithiobis(benzamide), were synthesized and tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv including resistant strains against streptomycin, kanamycin, or isonicotinic acid hydrazide. mics of these compounds against atypical mycobacteria, mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium intracellulare were also examined. structure-activity relationships were found in a series of (acyloxy)alkyl ester derivatives depend ...19853934384
a thin gel layer technique for improved resolution in two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis.a modification of the two-dimensional (crossed) immunoelectrophoresis (2d-ie) method characterized by the employment of a thin gel layer (0.3 mm) was developed. a rectangular millipore filter dehydrates an area of the gel, thereby forming a basin which is charged with antiserum by means of a special applicator. this 2d-ie technique was compared with the techniques by weeke [scand. j. immunol. 2: suppl. 1, pp. 47-56, 1973] and by lebecq et al. [j. immunol. methods 66: 219-226, 1984] using a model ...19863943915
plasmid dna profiles as epidemiological markers for clinical and environmental isolates of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium scrofulaceum.plasmid dna was isolated, and profiles of a variety of clinical and environmental isolates of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium scrofulaceum (mais) were compared to determine whether plasmid dna content would be useful as an epidemiological marker for these environmental pathogens. since plasmids are common in clinical isolates and are stable during culture and exposure to naoh, plasmid dna analysis appears to be a suitable epidemiological tool. based on the hi ...19863944484
successful management of mycobacterium intracellulare pneumonia in a child. 19863952014
coexistent mycobacterium intracellulare gonarthritis and patellar osteomyelitis in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis. a case report and literature review.we present a 48-year-old man with known pulmonary sarcoidosis who developed septic arthritis of the left knee with concomitant patellar osteomyelitis due to mycobacterium intracellulare. the patient underwent synovectomy and was started on appropriate combination chemotherapy, but clinical improvement did not occur until patellectomy was performed. both bone and radiogallium scans were important in the medical and surgical management of this patient.19863960781
mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare from the intestinal tracts of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: concepts regarding acquisition and pathogenesis. 19853965590
[a case of pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium intracellulare developing after pulmonary embolism]. 19854032950
isolation, identification, and structural analysis of the mycobactins of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, mycobacterium scrofulaceum, and mycobacterium paratuberculosis.methods were devised to purify the cell-associated, iron-binding compounds known as mycobactins from the closely related species mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium scrofulaceum (i.e., the mais complex of organisms). the mycobactins from these three species showed a structure that is common to the mycobactins from all the mycobacteria examined to date. however, these mycobactins were unique in that they had more than one alkyl chain. the m. scrofulaceum mycobacti ...19854055700
dynamic aspects of the in vitro chemotherapeutic activity of ansamycin (rifabutine) on mycobacterium intracellulare.the in vitro action of ansamycin against mycobacterium intracellulare was studied using continuous, dynamic (a rapidly falling off concentration simulating that existing in vivo in humans), and pulsed exposures. ansamycin at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml showed bactericidal activity starting from as early as 3 days after constant exposure. in the dynamic model with the drug present in bactericidal concentration for only 2 h a day, bactericidal activity was demonstrated. with pulsed exposure ...19854073667
comparative in vitro activities of mdl 473, rifampin, and ansamycin against mycobacterium intracellulare.the susceptibilities of 20 clinical isolates of mycobacterium intracellulare to rifampin, mdl 473, and ansamycin were determined by broth and agar dilution methods. ansamycin was more active than mdl 473, which in turn was usually more active than rifampin by either method. the mics for 90% of the strains tested by agar dilution were 1, 2, and 4 micrograms of ansamycin, mdl 473, and rifampin per ml, respectively.19854073865
[lymph node non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis caused by mycobacterium intracellulare]. 19854085025
[ecology of mycobacterium intracellulare serotype davis]. 19724145169
background factors for casual isolation of mycobacterium intracellulare from sputum of patients with tuberculosis. 19734200818
[clinical feature of lung disease due to mycobacterium intracellulare (author's transl)]. 19744408922
[diagnostic criteria for lung disease due to mycobacterium intracellulare from bacteriological aspect (author's transl)]. 19744436998
[letter: on "bacteriological diagnostic criteria of mycobacterium intracellulare infection of the lung" by dr. michio tsukamura]. 19744455992
[letter: on "bacteriological diagnostic criteria of mycobacterium intracellulare infection of the lung" by dr. michio tsukamura]. 19744455993
susceptibility of mycobacterium intracellulare to rifampicin: a trial of ecological observation. 19724539625
a taxonomic study of mycobacterium intracellulare isolated from swine. 19734541889
mycobacterial agglutination-inhibition test.the mycobacterial agglutination-inhibition test (mait) is described as a modification of the mycobacterial agglutination of schaefer (mats). it is an organized assemblage of absorption and agglutination tests which is especially useful in the identification of mycobacterium avium isolates normally excluded from serological identification because of unstable cell suspension characteristics. the identity of 100 unstable m. avium and 3 unstable mycobacterium intracellulare isolates was determined b ...19724562472
production of multivalent fluorescent antisera for identification of organisms in the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex.antisera to ten strains of mycobacteria in the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare group were obtained by injecting rabbits with ultraviolet light-killed cells. the antisera were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and used in the direct fluorescent antibody test. individual antisera reacted specifically with the mycobacterial serotype used to produce them. the antisera were then combined in two multivalent pools. each multivalent pool reacted specifically with its correspond ...19744596754
senotypes of mycobacterium intracellulare of porcine origin. 19724639068
acute suppurative thyroiditis. report of two cases including one caused by mycobacterium intracellulare (battey bacillus). 19734715789
[mycobacteriosis due to mycobacterium intracellulare (battey)]. 19734732591
pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium intracellulare. 19734745250
studies on the virulence of mycobacterium intracellulare serotype vi for pigs. 19734797844
mechanism by which hydnocarpic acid inhibits mycobacterial multiplication.recent work in this laboratory has shown that hydnocarpic acid (ha), a principal constituent of chaulmoogra oil, inhibits multiplication in vitro of a number of mycobacterial species. this activity of ha was not shared by several straight-chain fatty acids and by dihydrochaulmoogric acid. a study of the interaction of ha with biotin has been undertaken, based on a structural analogy between biotin and the cyclopentenyl fatty acid. the multiplication of a strain of mycobacterium intracellulare su ...19734799554
disseminated mycobacterium intracellulare infection. 19744823413
serum agglutinins in disease caused by mycobacterium intracellulare.serum from each of five persons with pulmonary mycobacteriosis due to mycobacterium intracellulare contained agglutinins specific for the serotype of the causative organism. the findings suggest that the direct agglutination test may prove useful in diagnostic mycobacteriology.19744833366
mycobacterium intracellulare. maintenance of pathogenicity in relationship to lyophilization and colony form. 19684880939
antimycobacterial activity of rifampin under in vitro and simulated in vivo conditions.minimal inhibitory concentrations of rifampin for different species of mycobacteria were determined in 7h-10 agar medium and lowenstein-jensen egg medium. when rifampin was incorporated into egg medium, approximately 90% of its activity was lost. the stability of rifampin was tested during storage at different temperatures and concentrations. when tested in agar medium, a combination of isoniazid (inh) and rifampin inhibited multiple drug-resistant strains of mycobacterium intracellulare, but un ...19694978926
[a case of preauricular and cervical lymphadenitis due to mycobacterium intracellulare]. 19725012050
pathogenicity of mycobacterium intracellulare to pigs. 19715106535
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