evaluation of antigen specific interleukin-1β as a biomarker to detect cattle infected with mycobacterium bovis. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a major world-wide health problem that has been difficult to control, due to the lack of an effective vaccine and limited ability of the tuberculin skin test (tst) and the ancillary whole blood interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) release assay (igra) to detect all infected animals. a 6 h cytokine flow cytometric ifn-γ (cfc) assay was developed in effort to overcome these limitations and expand methods for studying the mechanisms of btb immunopathogenesis. the present study was ... | 2017 | 28610788 |
disseminated infection due to mycobacterium bovis after intravesical instilaltion of bacillus calmette-guérin. | | 2017 | 28610767 |
synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of novel 3-aryl-5-(alkyl-thio)-1h-1,2,4-triazoles derivatives targeting mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a small library of new 3-aryl-5-(alkyl-thio)-1h-1,2,4-triazoles was synthesized and screened for the antimycobacterial potency against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37 ra strain and mycobacterium bovis bcg both in active and dormant stage. among the synthesized library, 25 compounds exhibited promising anti-tb activity in the range of ic50 0.03-5.88 μg/ml for dormant stage and 20 compounds in the range of 0.03-6.96 μg/ml for active stage. their lower toxicity (>100 μg/ml) and higher selectivity (s ... | 2017 | 28609019 |
potential for rapid antibody detection to identify tuberculous cattle with non-reactive tuberculin skin test results. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) control programs generally rely on the tuberculin skin test (tst) for ante-mortem detection of mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. | 2017 | 28592322 |
diagnosis of mycobacteria in bovine milk: an overview. | tuberculosis remains as the world's biggest threat. in 2014, human tuberculosis ranked as a major infectious disease by the first time, overcoming hiv death rates. bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease of global distribution that affects animals and can be transmitted to humans by the consumption of raw milk, representing a serious public health concern. despite the efforts of different countries to control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, the high negative economic impact on meat and milk ... | 2017 | 28591268 |
health-care associated mycobacterium bovis-bcg infection in cancer patients without prior bcg instillation. | bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis, is widely used as adjunctive therapy for superficial bladder cancer. intravesical administration of bcg has been associated with systemic infection. disseminated infection due to m. bovis is otherwise uncommon. | 2017 | 28575173 |
a new adjuvant mtom mediates mycobacterium tuberculosis subunit vaccine to enhance th1-type t cell immune responses and il-2(+) t cells. | the only licensed vaccine mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) cannot prevent the prevalence of tuberculosis (tb), which remains a major public health problem worldwide. a more effective tb vaccine than bcg is urgently needed. subunit vaccine is a promising strategy, and suitable adjuvants will benefit the development of effective tb subunit vaccines. mto, consisting of monophosphoryl lipid a (mpla), trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate (tdb), and mf59, was developed as an adjuvant of tb vacc ... | 2017 | 28572807 |
a new rabbit-skin model to evaluate protective efficacy of tuberculosis vaccines. | background: bcg protection is suboptimal and there is significant interest to develop new tuberculosis (tb) vaccines. however, there are significant limitations of the current vaccine evaluation systems in the mouse model. here, we developed a bcg-challenge rabbit skin model as a new way to evaluate the protective efficacy of selected tb subunit vaccine candidates. methods: rabbits were immunized with subunit vaccines, including eamm (esat6-ag85b-mpt64<190-198>-mtb8.4), mh (mtb10.4-hspx), and lt ... | 2017 | 28567030 |
[molecular epidemiology of human mycobacterium bovis infection in aegean region, turkey]. | mycobacterium bovis, which has a broader host spectrum as opposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis that generally causes disease in humans, mainly leads to chronic progressive pulmonary disease in a large number of domestic and wild mammals, particularly cattle. the term "zoonotic tuberculosis (tb)" is used to describe m.bovis infection in humans. "zoonotic tb" can not be differentiated clinically, radiologically or pathologically from tb caused by m.tuberculosis. the aim of this study was to evalu ... | 2017 | 28566080 |
prevalence of tuberculous lymphadenitis in slaughtered cattle in eastern cape, south africa. | to detect the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) in the lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle collected from selected abattoirs in eastern cape province of south africa. | 2017 | 28552545 |
total igm and anti-phosphatidylcholine igm antibody secretion continue after clearance of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin pleural infection. | the cellular immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been well characterized, while the humoral antibody response remains underexplored. we aimed to examine the total and anti-phospholipid igm levels in the pleural lavage from mice with mycobacterium bovis bcg extrapulmonary infection. we found that the levels of total and anti-phosphatidylcholine igm antibodies remained significantly higher in infected mice as compared to non-infected mice up to day 90 after bcg infection, w ... | 2017 | 28551717 |
the effects of a psychological intervention directed at optimizing immune function: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. | previous research has provided evidence for the link between psychological processes and psychophysiological health outcomes. psychological interventions, such as face-to-face or online cognitive behavioral therapy (cbt) and serious games aimed at improving health, have shown promising results in promoting health outcomes. few studies so far, however, have examined whether internet-based cbt combined with serious gaming elements is effective in modulating health outcomes. moreover, studies often ... | 2017 | 28549484 |
evaluation of pathogen-specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | objective to develop a noninvasive biomarker-based detection system specific for mycobacterium bovis for monitoring infection in wild animals. sample serum samples from 8 experimentally infected yearling white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and 3 age-matched control deer and from 393 minnesota department of natural resources hunter-harvested white-tailed deer in northwest minnesota. procedures 8 yearling deer were inoculated with 2 × 10(8) cfus of virulent m bovis strain 1315 (day 0), and ... | 2017 | 28541150 |
assessment of concurrent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and mycobacterium bovis: a herd-level risk factor analysis from northern ireland. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a significant pathogen of cattle, leading to severe economic and animal-welfare impacts. furthermore, the pathogen has been associated with impacting the progression or spread of other pathogens (e.g. mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb)). during this study we investigated (i) risk factors for bvdv at a herd-level and (ii) whether there was any association between bvdv and herd-level btb risk. the data for this study were ga ... | 2017 | 28532992 |
the central role of ifi204 in ifn-β release and autophagy activation during mycobacterium bovis infection. | mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) is the pathogen of animals and humans that can replicate in the phagosomes of myeloid cells. cytosolic detection of bacterial products plays a crucial role in initiating the innate immune response, including autophagy activation and interferon-β (ifn-β) release. although ifn-β release and autophagy activation have been reported during mycobacterium infection, the mechanisms underlying remains poorly defined. here, we demonstrated that ifn-β release increases in mac ... | 2017 | 28529930 |
mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein mpt83 induces apoptosis of infected macrophages by activating the tlr2/p38/cox-2 signaling pathway. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to pose a serious global health threat. the attenuated mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin, as the only licensed vaccine, has limited protective efficacy against tb. the development of more effective antituberculosis vaccines is urgent and demands for further identification and understanding of m. tuberculosis ags. mpt83 (rv2873), a secreted mycobacterial lipoprotein, has been applied into subunit vaccine development and shown ... | 2017 | 28507027 |
bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) infection induces exosomal mirna release by human macrophages. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a significant global health concern and its diagnosis is challenging due to the limitations in the specificity and sensitivity of the current diagnostic tests. exosomes are bioactive 30-100 nm vesicles produced by most cell types and are found in almost all human body fluids. exosomal micrornas (mirnas) can transfer biological information between cells and tissues and may act as potential biomarkers in many diseases. in this pilot study, we assessed the mirna profile of ... | 2017 | 28499455 |
development of a novel immunochromatographic lateral flow assay specific for mycobacterium bovis cells and its application in combination with immunomagnetic separation to test badger faeces. | the european badger is an important wildlife reservoir of mycobacterium bovis implicated in the spread of bovine tuberculosis in the united kingdom and ireland. infected badgers are known to shed m. bovis in their urine and faeces, which may contaminate the environment. to aid bovine tuberculosis control efforts novel diagnostic tests for detecting infected and shedding badgers are needed. we proposed development of a novel, rapid immunochromatographic lateral flow device (lfd) as a non-invasive ... | 2017 | 28499434 |
using white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in infectious disease research. | between 1940 and 2004, more than 335 emerging infectious disease events were reported in the scientific literature. themajority (60%) of these events involved zoonoses, most of which (72%) were of wildlife origin or had an epidemiologically important wildlife host. because this trend of increasing emerging diseases likely will continue, understanding the pathogenesis, transmission, and diagnosis of these diseases in the relevant wildlife host is paramount. achieving this goal often requires usin ... | 2017 | 28497727 |
etha/r-independent killing of mycobacterium tuberculosis by ethionamide. | ethionamide (eth) is part of the drug arsenal available to treat multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. the current paradigm of this pro-drug activation involves the mycobacterial enzyme etha and the transcriptional repressor, ethr. however, several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of additional players. the etha/r locus was deleted in mycobacterium bovis bcg and three mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strains. while complete resistance to eth was observed with bcg etha/r ko, drug susceptibi ... | 2017 | 28487681 |
assessment of antigenic supplementation of bovine purified protein derivative for diagnosis of subclinical infection with mycobacterium bovis in cattle. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is usually diagnosed in vivo and ex vivo on the basis of delayed hypersensitivity reactions with a complex pool of antigens named bovine tuberculin (ppdb). the ifn-γ release assay (igra) for btb is a blood-based assay that improves detection of infected cattle at early stages that escape skin testing. improvements to ifn-γ testing with specific proteins have been performed to increase sensitivity. dosr regulon-related antigens are well known mycobacterial proteins expre ... | 2017 | 28487230 |
mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a domesticated korean wild boar ( sus scrofa coreanus). | tuberculosis, a chronic progressive disease, has been reported in bovine, swine, and primate species. here, we report the first case of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a korean wild boar ( sus scrofa coreanus). the owners this domesticated boar brought it to the gyeongbuk veterinary service laboratory in korea after it was found dead and severely emaciated. demarcated yellowish white nodules were found around the larynx and retropharyngeal lymph node during necropsy. the lungs had diffus ... | 2017 | 28485632 |
tuberculosis disease among mexico-born individuals living in new york city, 2001-2014. | tuberculosis (tb) has decreased substantially in new york city (nyc), but progress has slowed in recent years. continued declines will require novel approaches tailored to foreign-born populations. | 2017 | 28482960 |
psoas abscess after bacille calmette-guérin instillations causing iliac artery contained rupture. | intravesical administration of bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is considered to be the therapy of choice for treating superficial bladder carcinoma. created from a live attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis, bcg is theoretically unable to cause infections. however, both local and systemic complications due to infection are known to arise, including vascular complications. we describe the case of a patient with a history of bcg instillations presenting with an arterial rupture of his left iliac ... | 2017 | 28478023 |
disseminated bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) infections in infants with immunodeficiency. | the bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) preparations are live-attenuated derivatives of mycobacterium bovis. these products are used to vaccinate infants at birth, a practice that may result in a disseminated infection in those patients who have an unidentified immunodeficiency. | 2017 | 28476145 |
the role of hydrophobicity in tuberculosis evolution and pathogenicity. | the evolution of tubercle bacilli parallels a route from environmental mycobacterium kansasii, through intermediate "mycobacterium canettii", to the modern mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. cell envelope outer membrane lipids change systematically from hydrophilic lipooligosaccharides and phenolic glycolipids to hydrophobic phthiocerol dimycocerosates, di- and pentaacyl trehaloses and sulfoglycolipids. such lipid changes point to a hydrophobic phenotype for m. tuberculosis sensu stricto. using ... | 2017 | 28465507 |
the performance of the interferon gamma assay when used as a diagnostic or quality assurance test in mycobacterium bovis infected herds. | there are two different contexts in the irish btb eradication programme in which the interferon-gamma assay (ifn-γ) is applied. firstly, the ifn-γ assay is applied routinely to high risk cohorts in herds with four or more reactors to the sictt. the ifn-γ test is then carried out on blood samples submitted to the laboratory within 8h of collection (diagnostic testing). secondly, the use of the ifn-γ assay has recently been extended to test sictt reactors as part of a general quality assurance (qa ... | 2017 | 28460744 |
comparison of the bbl mycobacteria growth indicator tube, the bactec 12b, and solid media for the isolation of mycobacterium bovis. | we compared different methods for their ability to isolate mycobacterium bovis from tissue samples from animals with lesions resembling bovine tuberculosis. in the first trial, m. bovis was isolated from 86 of 200 tissue samples that were cultured using 2 liquid media, bactec 12b and bbl mycobacteria growth indicator tube (mgit), and a solid medium, middlebrook 7h11 supplemented with pyruvate (7h11p). m. bovis was isolated from 2 samples with mgit but not bactec 12b. m. bovis was isolated from 9 ... | 2017 | 28460600 |
toll-like receptor (tlr) diversity influences mycobacterial growth in african buffalo. | understanding the role of wildlife in the maintenance or spread of emerging infectious diseases is a growing priority across the world. bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a chronic, infectious disease caused by mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis). btb is widespread within game reserves in southern africa, and within these ecosystems the primary wildlife host of this disease is the african buffalo. we used a modified bacterial killing assay for mycobacteria to investigate the effect of toll-like receptor (t ... | 2017 | 28454655 |
genotyping and rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from the lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle. | in developing nations, 10-20% of the human cases of tuberculosis are caused by mycobacterium bovis. however, this percentage may be underestimated because most laboratories in developing countries do not routinely perform mycobacterial cultures, and only a few have the systems in place to identify m. bovis. there are few studies investigating genotypic diversity and drug resistance in m. bovis from animal and/or human infections. the genotypic diversity of m. bovis strains obtained from bovine l ... | 2017 | 28454647 |
[tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis in workers of bovine tuberculosis sanitation farms in antioquia, boyacá and cundinamarca]. | to perform classic and molecular epidemiological surveillance of human tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis in bovine supply chains at farms with ppd positive bovines in the departments of antioquia, boyacá and cundinamarca during a one-year period. | 2017 | 28453114 |
p2x7 receptor in bone marrow-derived cells aggravates tuberculosis caused by hypervirulent mycobacterium bovis. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a serious public health problem despite the great scientific advances in the recent decades. we have previously shown that aggressive forms of tb caused by hypervirulent strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis are attenuated in mice lacking the p2x7 receptor, an ion channel activated by extracellular atp. therefore, p2x7 receptor is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. in vitro, hypervirulent mycobacteria cause macrophage death by a p2x ... | 2017 | 28450867 |
impact of temperature and soil type on mycobacterium bovis survival in the environment. | mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of the bovine tuberculosis (btb), mainly affects cattle, its natural reservoir, but also a wide range of domestic and wild mammals. besides direct transmission via contaminated aerosols, indirect transmission of the m. bovis between wildlife and livestock might occur by inhalation or ingestion of environmental substrates contaminated through infected animal shedding. we monitored the survival of m. bovis in two soil samples chosen for their contrasted phy ... | 2017 | 28448585 |
modulation of macrophage responses by cmx, a fusion protein composed of ag85c, mpt51, and hspx from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis (tb). due to the poor protection conferred by bcg in adults, new, more effective formulations have been developed. a recombinant bcg vaccine expressing the cmx fusion protein ag85c_mpt51_hspx (rbcg-cmx) induced th1 and th17 responses and provided better protection than bcg. it has been shown that mycobacterium smegmatis expressing cmx also induces better protection than bcg and is a strong macrophage act ... | 2017 | 28446902 |
one bacillus to rule them all? - investigating broad range host adaptation in mycobacterium bovis. | | 2017 | 28434972 |
water-pipe smoke condensate increases the internalization of mycobacterium bovis of type ii alveolar epithelial cells (a549). | tuberculosis (tb) is a major global health problem, and there is an association between tobacco smoke and tb. water pipe smoking has become an increasing problem not only in middle eastern countries but also globally because users consider it as safer than cigarettes. the presence of high levels of toxic substances in water-pipe smoke may be a predisposing factor that enhances the incidence of pulmonary disorders. for example, uncontrolled macropinocytosis in alveolar epithelial cells following ... | 2017 | 28431548 |
subunit vaccines consisting of antigens from dormant and replicating bacteria show promising therapeutic effect against mycobacterium bovis bcg latent infection. | to screen effective antigens as therapeutic subunit vaccines against mycobacterium latent infection, we did bioinformatics analysis and literature review to identify effective antigens and evaluated the immunogenicity of five antigens highly expressed in dormant bacteria, which included rv2031c (hspx), rv2626c (hrp1), rv2007c (fdxa), rv1738 and rv3130c. then, several fusion proteins such as rv2007c-rv2626c (f6), rv2031c-rv1738-rv1733c (h83), esat6-rv1738-rv2626c (lt40), esat6-ag85b-mpt64<190-198 ... | 2017 | 28426145 |
insights into local tumor microenvironment immune factors associated with regression of cutaneous melanoma metastases by mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin. | mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is listed as an intralesional (il) therapeutic option for inoperable stage iii in-transit melanoma in the national comprehensive cancer network guidelines. although the mechanism is unknown, others have reported up to 50% regression of injected lesions, and 17% regression of uninjected lesions in immunocompetent patients after direct injection of bcg into metastatic melanoma lesions in the skin. bcg and other mycobacteria express ligands capable ... | 2017 | 28424760 |
immune responses to bacillus calmette-guérin vaccination: why do they fail to protect against mycobacterium tuberculosis? | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb), is the current leading cause of death due to a single infectious organism. although curable, the broad emergence of multi-, extensive-, extreme-, and total-drug resistant strains of m.tb has hindered eradication efforts of this pathogen. furthermore, computational models predict a quarter of the world's population is infected with m.tb in a latent state, effectively serving as the largest reservoir for any human pathoge ... | 2017 | 28424703 |
inference of the infection status of individuals using longitudinal testing data from cryptic populations: towards a probabilistic approach to diagnosis. | effective control of many diseases requires the accurate detection of infected individuals. confidently ascertaining whether an individual is infected can be challenging when diagnostic tests are imperfect and when some individuals go for long periods of time without being observed or sampled. here, we use a multi-event capture-recapture approach to model imperfect observations of true epidemiological states. we describe a method for interpreting potentially disparate results from individuals sa ... | 2017 | 28424454 |
design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of wollamide b; a new potential anti tb agent. | wollamide b is a cationic antimycobacterial cyclohexapeptide that exhibits activity against mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) (ic50 of 3.1 μm). aiming to define its structural activity relationship (sar), optimizing potency and pharmacokinetic properties, libraries of analogues were synthesized following a standard fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis approach. the antimycobacterial activities of wollamide b and all the synthesized analogues were tested against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) ... | 2017 | 28423019 |
progenitor strain introduction of mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife-livestock interface can lead to clonal expansion of the disease in a single ecosystem. | mycobacterium bovis infects multiple wildlife species and domesticated cattle across south africa, and negatively impacts on livestock trade and movement of wildlife for conservation purposes. m. bovis infection was first reported in the kruger national park (knp) in south africa during the 1990s, and has since spread to infect numerous animal host species throughout the park and across south africa. whole genome sequencing data of 17 m. bovis isolates were analyzed to investigate the genomic di ... | 2017 | 28412523 |
early detection of circulating antigen and igm-associated immune complexes during experimental mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. | the presence of circulating antigen in cattle experimentally infected with mycobacterium bovis was demonstrated using dual-path platform (dpp) technology. the antigen capture immunoassays employed rabbit polyclonal antibody recognizing predominantly m. tuberculosis complex-specific epitopes and were able to detect soluble substances and whole cells of mycobacteria. the antigen found in serum appeared to be mostly bound to igm, but not to igg, within the immune complexes formed at early stages of ... | 2017 | 28404571 |