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chemotherapy-associated changes of histopathological features of mycobacterium ulcerans lesions in a buruli ulcer mouse model.combination chemotherapy with rifampin and streptomycin (rif-str) for 8 weeks is currently recommended by the who as the first-line treatment for mycobacterium ulcerans infection (buruli ulcer). to gain better insight into the mode of action of these antibiotics against established m. ulcerans infection foci and to characterize recovery of local immune responses during chemotherapy, we conducted a detailed histopathological study of m. ulcerans-infected and rif-str-treated mice. mice were inocul ...201122143518
[drug resistance testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from sputum in chad.]culture and resistance testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis are not regularly performed in chad. sputa were obtained from three different categories of hospitals (district, regional and national) in chad. all examined sputa were smear-positive and were investigated by culture and drug resistance testing for first-line antituberculosis drugs. from 232 sputa positive for acid-fast bacilli, 135 isolates of m. tuberculosis from different patients (46 women, 89 men, mean age 34 years) were analyzed. ...201121960358
mycobacterium paratuberculosis and autism: is this a trigger?autism is a heterogeneous group of life-long neurologic problems that begin in childhood. success in efforts to understand and treat autism has been mostly elusive. the role of autoimmunity in autism has gained recognition both for associated systemic autoimmune disease and the presence of brain autoantibodies in autistic children and their family members. there is an acknowledged genetic susceptibility to autism--most notably allotypes of complement c4. c4 defects are associated with several au ...201121903338
Comparative analyses of transport proteins encoded within the genomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae.The co-emergence of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacterial strains and the HIV pandemic has made tuberculosis a leading public health threat. The causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtu), a facultative intracellular parasite. Mycobacterium leprae (Mle), a related organism that causes leprosy, is an obligate intracellular parasite. Given that different transporters are required for bacterial growth and persistence under a variety of growth conditions, we conducted comparative analyse ...201122179038
Polyphosphate deficiency affects the sliding motility and biofilm formation of Mycobacterium smegmatis.Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a ubiquitous linear polymer of hundreds of orthophosphate (Pi) residues linked by ATP-like, high-energy, phosphoanhydride bonds. The gene Rv1026 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes a putative exopolyphosphatase which progressively hydrolyzes the terminal residues of polyP to liberate Pi. Rv1026 was cloned into the expressive plasmid pMV261. The resulting plasmid pRv1026 and the plasmid pMV261 were transformed into M. smegmatis strain mc(2)155 by electroporati ...201121882007
Performance of the MGIT TBc Identification Test and Meta-Analysis of MPT64 Assays for Identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Liquid Culture.Rapid MPT64-based immunochromatographic tests (MPT64 ICTs) have been developed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in culture. We demonstrated the noninferiority of one commercial MTP64 ICT, the MGIT TBc identification (TBcID) test, to GenoType line probe assays for MTBC identification in positive MGIT cultures. Meta-analysis of MPT64 ICT performance for identification of MTBC in liquid culture confirmed similar very high sensitivities and specificities for all three commercial M ...201121998426
MTCID: A database of genetic polymorphisms in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. The response of the patients and treatment outcome depends, in addition to diagnosis, appropriate and timely treatment and host factors, on the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and genetic polymorphism prevalent in clinical isolates of the bacterium. A number of studies have been carried out to characterize clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis obtained from TB patients ...201122209237
Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: defining early disease states in the context of host immune response.Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) are 2 ends of a spectrum of states ranging from asymptomatic infection to overt disease. While progressing from LTBI to TB, patients often undergo asymptomatic states with detectable manifestations indicative of disease. Such asymptomatic disease states frequently remain undiagnosed, and their manifestations and duration are mostly dependent on host immune response. Various terms referring to such states are used in ...201121996700
changes in management practices and apparent prevalence on canadian dairy farms participating in a voluntary risk assessment-based johne's disease control program.the objectives of this study were (1) to describe the change in mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) antibody milk elisa-positive prevalence in canadian dairy herds that participated in a risk assessment (ra)-based johne's disease (jd) control program; (2) to describe the distribution of so-called high-risk management practices on canadian dairy farms; and (3) to assess if compliance with selected recommendations translated into changes in the scores of associated ra questions. in ont ...201121943773
localization of acidic phospholipid cardiolipin and dnaa in mycobacteria.acidic phospholipids such as cardiolipin (cl) have been shown to modulate mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) dnaa interactions with atp. in the present study, using nonyl acridine orange fluorescent dye we localized cl-enriched regions to midcell septa and poles of actively dividing cells. we also found that cl-enriched regions were not visualized in cells defective for septa formation as a consequence of altered ftsz levels. using mtb cultures synchronized for dna replication we show that cl loca ...201122142462
amino acids involved in polyphosphate synthesis and its mobilization are distinct in polyphosphate kinase-1 from mycobacterium tuberculosis.in bacteria polyphosphates (poly-p) are involved in cellular metabolism and development especially during stress. the enzyme, principally involved in polyphosphate biosynthesis and its mobilization leading to generation of ntps, is known as polyphosphate kinase (ppk).201122110640
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii recovered from postsurgical infections.Several outbreaks of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) were reported in many Brazilian states (2032 notified cases) from 2004 to 2010. Most of the confirmed cases were mainly associated with Mycobacterium massiliense (recently renamed as Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii) BRA100 clone, recovered from patients who had undergone invasive procedures in which medical instruments had not been properly sterilized and/or disinfected. Since quinolones have been an option for ...201221903825
rv0315, a novel immunostimulatory antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis, activates dendritic cells and drives th1 immune responses.tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is one of the most deadly infectious diseases, with approximately two million people dying of tb annually. an effective therapeutic method for activating dendritic cells (dcs) and driving th1 immune responses would improve host defenses and further the development of a tb vaccine. given the importance of dc maturation in eliciting protective immunity against tb, we investigated whether rv0315, a newly identified mtb antigen, can prompt ...201121993523
CZE-ESI-MS/MS as an alternative proteomics platform to UPLC-ESI-MS/MS for samples of intermediate complexity.We demonstrate the use of capillary zone electrophoresis with an electrokinetically pumped sheath-flow electrospray interface for the analysis of a tryptic digest of a sample of intermediate protein complexity, the secreted protein fraction of Mycobacterium marinum. For electrophoretic analysis, 11 fractions were generated from the sample using reversed phase liquid chromatography; each fraction was analyzed by CZE-ESI-MS/MS, and 334 peptides corresponding to 140 proteins were identified in 165 ...201122182061
Implementation of the INNO-LiPA Rif. TB® line-probe assay in rapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Latvia.In Latvia, 11% of tuberculosis (TB) patients have multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). The INNO-LiPA Rif.TB ® line-probe assay (LPA) detects rifampin (RMP) resistance and may accelerate the time to effective MDRTB treatment.201122008771
Comparative evaluation of MPT83 (Rv2873) for T helper-1 cell reactivity and identification of HLA-promiscuous peptides in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated healthy subjects.MPT83 (Rv2873), a surface lipoprotein excreted in the culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is immunoreactive in antibody assays in humans and animals and provides protection as a combined DNA vaccine in mice and cattle. This study was undertaken to determine the reactivity of MPT83 in T helper 1 (Th1)-cell assays, i.e., antigen-induced proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-?) secretion, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guéri ...201121852544
Vitamin D and HIV: letting the sun shine in.Vitamin D is important for cell growth, immunity, and metabolism. Deficiency has classically been associated with rickets and decreased bone density and more recently with increased risk and severity of autoimmune diseases, cancers, myocardial infarction, diabetes, and infectious diseases. How vitamin D can affect these diverse conditions is the subject of much research. The active form of vitamin D (vitamin D3) has been implicated recently in an intracellular process known as autophagy. In addi ...201121852710
Standardization and evaluation of a tetraplex polymerase chain reaction to detect and differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous Mycobacteria-a retrospective study on pulmonary TB patients.The clinical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis by members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cannot be differentiated using the available standard diagnostic procedures. A single-tube tetraplex polymerase chain reaction (T-PCR) was designed to simultaneously amplify 4 well-known DNA targets of MTC. Taguchi's protocol was followed for the optimization of the conditions and was then tested on 288 pulmonary TB patient samples. The analytical sensi ...201122209512
co-immunization of plasmid dna encoding il-12 and il-18 with bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine against progressive tuberculosis.bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine has widely been used to immunize against tuberculosis, but its protective efficacy is variable in adult pulmonary tuberculosis, while it is not efficiently protective against progressive infection of virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. in this study, the protective effects of plasmid dna vaccine constructs encoding il-12 or il-18 with the bcg vaccine were evaluated against progressive infection of m. tuberculosis, using mouse aerosol challenge mode ...201122028167
epidemiology and economics of paratuberculosis.johne’s disease is the clinical manifestation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection and has become widespread since it was first observed in the united states in the early 1900s. map is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, and herds generally become infected by unknowingly purchasing infected animals. the economic losses from the disease are primarily due to decreased milk production, decreased weaning weights in nursing young stock, increased replacement costs ...201122023831
inflammatory dendritic cells migrate in and out of transplanted chronic mycobacterial granulomas in mice.an estimated one-third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, although most affected individuals maintain a latent infection. this control is attributed to the formation of granulomas, cell masses largely comprising infected macrophages with t cells aggregated around them. inflammatory dcs, characterized as cd11c+cd11b+ly6c+, are also found in granulomas and are an essential component of the acute immune response to mycobacteria. however, their function during chr ...201121911937
mycobacterium bovis spondylodiscitis after intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin therapy.intravesical instillations of live-attenuated bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) are a well-known and effective method for prevention and treatment of bladder carcinoma and carcinoma in situ. although considered a safe procedure with rare side effects, local and systemic complications may occur. while long bone ostemolyelitis has been well described, very few reports of bcg spondylodiscitis exist in the literature.201122140647
apoptosis, production of mmp9, vegf, tnf-alpha and intracellular growth of m. tuberculosis for different genotypes and different pks5/1 genes.a previous study of is6110 rflp and spoligotyping of m. tuberculosis isolates from 152 thai patients with tuberculous meningitis revealed a significantly higher percentage (57%) of the beijing genotype as compared to isolates obtained from pulmonary tuberculosis. we postulated that the m. tuberculosis beijing genotype is likely to be more virulent than others.201122053594
involvement of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in tnf-α production from macrophage: possible link between map and immune response in crohn's disease. 201121990211
genome-wide sequence variation among mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates: a better understanding of johne's disease transmission dynamics.mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. ap), the causative agent of johne's disease, infects many farmed ruminants, wild-life animals, and recently isolated from humans. to better understand the molecular pathogenesis of these infections, we analyzed the whole-genome sequences of several m. ap and m. avium subspecies avium (m. avium) isolates to gain insights into genomic diversity associated with variable hosts and environments. using next-generation sequencing technology, all six m ...201122163226
images in clinical medicine: renal tuberculosis. 201121992143
wild-type mic distributions must be considered to set clinically meaningful susceptibility testing breakpoints for all bacterial pathogens, including mycobacterium tuberculosis. 201121849570
Surface plasmon resonance detection of oligonucleotide sequences of the rpoB genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Oligonucleotide sequences related to the normal and mutated rpoB genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are detected using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor system. A bioselective element was prepared by immobilizing the thiol-modified oligonucleotides of the selected sequence (the capture probe P2) that contains the mutated TCG?TTG codon 531 (evoking drug resistance) of the rpoB gene of M. tuberculosis on a gold sensor surface. Specific hybridization between immobilized probe P2 and comp ...201121872063
Mycobacterium tuberculosis "Beijing" epidemics: A race against mutations?Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Beijing strains exhibit different drug-resistance mutations (DRM) in different locations. By comparing DRM in Beijing reported from Tuberculosis endemic and epidemic locations, we propose that DRM selected in a population cannot tolerate biologically available drugs in different populations resulting in further evolution through novel DRM.201122015174
Contribution of efflux activity to isoniazid resistance in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.Resistance to isoniazid (INH), one of the main drugs used in tuberculosis (TB) therapy, is mostly due to chromosomal mutations in target genes. However, approximately 20-30% of INH resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates do not have mutations in any of the genes associated with INH resistance. This suggests that other mechanism(s) may be involved, namely efflux pump systems capable of extruding the drug to the exterior of the cell. In a previous work, we have induced clinical INH susceptib ...201121871582
Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate synthase gene thyX is essential and potentially bifunctional, while thyA deletion confers resistance to para-aminosalicylic acid.Thymidylate synthase (TS) enzymes catalyse the biosynthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), and so are important for DNA replication and repair. Two different types of TS proteins have been described (ThyA and ThyX), which have different enzymatic mechanisms and unrelated structures. Mycobacteria are unusual as they encode both thyA and thyX, and the biological significance of this is not yet understood. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ThyX is thought to be essential and a potential drug targ ...201122034487
A mechanism of action for small heat shock proteins.Molecular dynamics simulations of a fitted multimeric structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis a-crystallin (Mtb Acr) identify solvent exclusion from the ß(4)-ß(8) hydrophobic groove as a critical factor driving subunit assembly. Dehydration is also implicated as a determinant factor governing the chaperone activity of the dimer upon its dissociation from the oligomer. Two exposed hydrogen bonds, responsible for stabilizing the ß(8)-ß(9) fold are identified as key mechanistic elements in this pro ...201122155251
Increased virulence of an epidemic strain of Mycobacterium massiliense in mice.Chronic pulmonary disease and skin/soft tissue infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) of the Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus-massiliense group is an emerging health problem worldwide. Moreover, the cure rate for the infections this group causes is low despite aggressive treatment. Post-surgical outbreaks that reached epidemic proportions in Brazil recently were caused by M. massiliense isolates resistant to high-level disinfection with glutaraldehyde (GTA). Understanding the diffe ...201121931831
comparison of an automated repetitive sequence-based pcr microbial typing system with is6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism for epidemiologic investigation of clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in korea.tuberculosis remains a severe public health problem worldwide. presently, genotyping is used for conducting epidemiologic and clinical studies on tuberculosis cases. we evaluated the efficacy of the repetitive sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr)-based diversilab™ system (biomérieux, france) over the is6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for detecting mycobacterium tuberculosis. in all, 89 clinical m. tuberculosis isolates collected nationwide from korea were used. the diversilab syst ...201122016683
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Induces Differential Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Healthy BCG Vaccinated Individuals.Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Beijing genotype are a major concern due to their high prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their high rate of multi-drug resistance. Although it has been shown that Beijing modifies macrophage behavior, little is known about how this genotype could affect the cellular immune response. In order to address this issue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy BCG vaccinated individuals were stimulated with protein extracts from three ...201221877937
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading gene islands in five pyrene-degrading mycobacterium isolates from different geographic locations.mycobacterium sp. strain kms utilizes pyrene, a high-molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah), as a sole carbon source. bioinformatic analysis of the genome of isolate kms predicted 25 genes with the potential to encode 17 pyrene-induced proteins identified by proteomics; these genes were clustered on both the chromosome and a circular plasmid. rt-pcr analysis of total rna isolated from kms cells grown with or without pyrene showed that the presence of pyrene increased the transcr ...201122188370
high-resolution phenotypic profiling defines genes essential for mycobacterial growth and cholesterol catabolism.the pathways that comprise cellular metabolism are highly interconnected, and alterations in individual enzymes can have far-reaching effects. as a result, global profiling methods that measure gene expression are of limited value in predicting how the loss of an individual function will affect the cell. in this work, we employed a new method of global phenotypic profiling to directly define the genes required for the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis. a combination of high-density mutagenesi ...201121980284
genomic and proteomic analyses of mycobacterium bovis bcg mexico 1931 reveal a diverse immunogenic repertoire against tuberculosis infection.studies of mycobacterium bovis bcg strains used in different countries and vaccination programs show clear variations in the genomes and immune protective properties of bcg strains. the aim of this study was to characterise the genomic and immune proteomic profile of the bcg 1931 strain used in mexico.201121981907
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells infiltrate the skin in positive tuberculin skin test indurations.Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are rarely present in normal skin but have been shown to infiltrate lesions of infections or autoimmune disorders. Here, we report that several DC subsets including CD123(+) BDCA-2/CD303(+) pDCs accumulate in the dermis in indurations induced by the tuberculin skin test (TST), used to screen immune sensitization by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although the purified protein derivate (PPD) used in the TST did not itself induce pDC recruitment or IFN-a production, ...201221850028
synthesis and in-vitro antimycobacterial activity of fluoroquinolone derivatives containing a coumarin moiety.a series of gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and 8-och(3) ciprofloxacin coumarin derivatives with remarkable improvement in lipophilicity as compared to the parent fluoroquinolones was designed, synthesized, and characterized by (1) h-nmr, ms, and hrms. these derivatives were evaluated for their in-vitro activity against mycobacterium smegmatis cmcc 93202 and mtb h37rv atcc 27294. all of the synthesized compounds were less active than the parent compounds against m. smegmatis cmcc 93202, but the ac ...201121989627
comparison between microsatellites and ml mnth gene as targets to identify mycobacterium leprae by pcr in leprosy.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique has been frequently used in the molecular diagnosis of leprosy.201121987128
Identification and treatment of nontuberculous Mycobacterium sinusitis.The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of atypical Mycobacterium identified by routine sinus cultures and review the recent literature on management.201122185748
Diagnostic Value of Animal-Side Antibody Assays for Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti Infection in South American Camelids.Tuberculosis (TB) in South American camelids (SAC) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti. Two serological methods, rapid testing (RT) and the dual-path platform (DPP) assay, were evaluated using naturally infected SAC. The study population included 156 alpacas and 175 llamas in Great Britain, Switzerland, and the United States. TB due to M. bovis (n = 44) or M. microti (n = 8) in 35 alpacas and 17 llamas was diagnosed by gross pathology examination and culture. Control animal ...201122012976
Detection and discrimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was developed for detection and discrimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv and H37Ra) and M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) from mycobacterial other than tuberculosis (MOTT). It was based on the melting curve (Tm) analysis of the gyrB gene using SYBR(®) Green I detection dye and the LightCycler 1.5 system. The optimal conditions for the assay were 0.25 µmol/L of primers with ...201222078904
lack of association between rs1024611 (-2581 a/g) polymorphism in cc-chemokine ligand 2 and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in zahedan, southeast iran.approximately 5-10% of subjects infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis develop active tuberculosis. it has been proposed that genetic factors determine the host's vulnerability to tuberculosis. chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 2 (ccl2), commonly known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1), plays a key role in protective immunity against m. tuberculosis. the present study was aimed to determine if there was an association between -2581 a/g s ...201122142522
Efficient Regioselective Three-Component Domino Synthesis of 3-(1,2,4-Triazol-5-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones as Potent Antifungal and Antituberculosis Agents.In research for promising antibacterial and antifungal compounds, a series of 2-aryl 3-[1,2,4]triazol-5-yl 4-thiazolidinones 1 were synthesized by a domino reaction of 5-amino-1H-[1,2,4]triazoles 3, aromatic aldehydes, and a-mercaptoacids in boiling toluene in the presence of molecular sieves 4 Å. Of the twenty novel 3-[1,2,4]triazol-5-yl 4-thiazolidinone derivatives, four compounds 2-benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl-3-[(3-morpholin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (1i), 2-(4-chloroph ...201121932255
tlr-dependent t cell activation in autoimmunity.autoimmune disease can develop as a result of a breakdown in immunological tolerance, leading to the activation of self-reactive t cells. there is an established link between infection and human autoimmune diseases. furthermore, experimental autoimmune diseases can be induced by autoantigens that are administered together with complete freund's adjuvant, which contains killed mycobacterium tuberculosis; in some cases, these bacteria can be replaced by individual pathogen-associated molecular pat ...201122094985
characteristics of pnca mutations in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in taiwan.pyrazinamide (pza) is an important first-line drug in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdrtb) treatment. however, the unreliable results obtained from traditional susceptibility testing limits its usefulness in clinical settings. the detection of pnca gene mutations is a potential surrogate of pza susceptibility testing, especially in mdrtb isolates. the impact of genotypes of m. tuberculosis in pnca gene mutations also remains to be clarified.201121910892
Complete genome sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains CCDC5079 and CCDC5080, which belong to the Beijing family.Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of most prevalent pathogens in the world. Drug-resistant strains of this pathogen caused by the excessive use of antibiotics have long posed serious threats to public health worldwide. A broader picture of drug resistance mechanisms at the genomic level can be obtained only with large-scale comparative genomic methodology. Two closely related Beijing family isolates, one resistant to four first-line drugs (CCDC5180) and one sensitive to them (CCDC5079), were com ...201121914894
In vitro anti Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv activity of Lannea acida A. Rich from Burkina Faso.The cytotoxic and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv activities of hydro-alcoholic extract of Lannea acida A. Rich (Anacardiaceae) were assessed. The cytoxicity evaluation was carried out on THP1 monocytoid cell line (after 24 h at 1; 5 and 10 microg mL(-1)) and showed only a slight modification of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The rate of monocytes in different stages of mitosis had been amended in absence and presence of extract as follows: Go/G1 58.83-59.83%; synthesis 21.95-18.64%; ...201121913497
Diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats by cell mediated immune response, conventional and molecular diagnostic techniques.In the present study efficacy of single intradermal Johnin test, acid fast staining of faecal smear and IS 900 faecal polymerase chain reaction tests was evaluated in 200 goats for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. Two hundred goats comprising 150 goats from an organised farm in Trichur district and 50 goats reared under field condition at farmers premise from Malappuram district of Kerala state formed the study population. Faecal smear from all the 200 goats was stained b ...201121956142
Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic pattern of Mycobacterium marinum infection: A retrospective series of 35 cases from southern France. 201222177650
Mtb32 is a promising tuberculosis antigen for DNA vaccination in pre- and post-exposure mouse models.Identification of antigens that provide protective immunity via prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is critical for the development of subunit vaccines for tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we performed a head-to-head comparison of seven well-known TB antigens delivered by DNA vaccine, and evaluated their respective immunogenicities and protective efficacies in pre- and post-exposure mouse models. All TB antigens were designed as a chimeric fusion with Flt ...201121956689
Clinico-microbiological profile and treatment outcome of infectious scleritis: experience from a tertiary eye care center of India.Medical and microbiology records of seventeen patients (17 eyes), diagnosed as scleritis of infectious origin were reviewed; to study clinical features, predisposing risk factors, microbiologic profile and treatment outcome of infectious scleritis. The mean patient age was 52.3 ± 19.75 years. Twelve patients (70.6%) had history of trauma/prior surgery. Isolated organisms included Staphylococcus species (spp) (n = 5), Fungus (n = 4), Nocardia spp (n = 3), two each of atypical Mycobacterium spp an ...201222164345
schiff bases of indoline-2,3-dione: potential novel inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) dna gyrase.in the present study a series of schiff bases of indoline-2,3-dione were synthesized and investigated for their mtb gyrase inhibitory activity. promising inhibitory activity was demonstrated with some of these derivatives, which exhibited ic(50) values ranging from 50-157 mm. the orientation and the ligand-receptor interactions of such molecules within the mtb dna gyrase a subunit active site were investigated applying a multi-step docking protocol using molecular operating environment (moe) and ...201122143547
mycobacterium bovis bacilli calmette-guerin regulates leukocyte recruitment by modulating alveolar inflammatory responses.leukocyte migration into the epithelial compartment is an important feature in the active phase of mycobacterial infections. in this study, we used the transwell model to investigate the mechanisms behind mycobacteria-induced leukocyte recruitment and investigated the role of tlr2 and tlr4 in this process. infection of epithelial cells resulted in significantly increased secretion of the neutrophil chemotactic cxcl8 and il-6, but no secretion of monocyte chemotactic ccl2 or tnf-α was observed. i ...201122058091
mdr-tb: the experience of an urban tertiary care hospital in south india using automated bactec 460 tb.the emergence of multi-drug-resistant (mdr) strains has been a major obstacle in the tb control programme. in the present study we looked into the prevalence of mdr-tb in an urban tertiary care hospital in south india over four years (2007-2010). during this period, 641 clinical specimens (317 respiratory specimens and 324 non-respiratory specimens) were received for mycobacteriological culture and drug susceptibility testing for first-line drugs, using the bactec 460 tb system. mycobacterium tu ...201122080484
characterization of microevolution events in mycobacterium tuberculosis strains involved in recent transmission clusters.under certain circumstances, it is possible to identify clonal variants of mycobacterium tuberculosis infecting a single patient, probably as a result of subtle genetic rearrangements in part of the bacillary population. we systematically searched for these microevolution events in a different context, namely, recent transmission chains. we studied the clustered cases identified using a population-based universal molecular epidemiology strategy over a 5-year period. clonal variants of the refere ...201121940467
comprehensive structural and functional characterization of mycobacterium tuberculosis udp-nag enolpyruvyl transferase (mtb-mura) and prediction of its accurate binding affinities with inhibitors.tuberculosis (tb) remains the most frequent and important infectious disease causing morbidity and death in the world. one third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the etiologic agent of tb. the bacterial enzyme mura catalyzes the transfer of enolpyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) to uridine diphospho-n-acetylglucosamine (unag), which is the first committed step of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. in this work, 3d structure model of mtb-mura enzyme ...201121956743
a pd-mediated new strategy to functionalized 2-aminochromenes: their in vitro evaluation as potential anti tuberculosis agents.a multi component based synthesis involving palladium catalyzed c-c bond forming reaction has been developed as a new strategy to access systematically modified functionalized 2-aminochromenes. this mcr involves the use of bromobenzaldehyde as a key component and is highlighted by generating a new compound library. many of these compounds showed mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv chorismate mutase inhibiting properties in vitro representing the lead example of chorismate mutase inhibition by heter ...201121920745
alanine racemase mutants of mycobacterium tuberculosis require d-alanine for growth and are defective for survival in macrophages and mice.alanine racemase (alr) is an essential enzyme in most bacteria, however some species (e.g. l. monocytogenes) can utilise d-amino acid transaminase (dat) for generating d-alanine, which renders alr non-essential. in addition to the conflicting reports on gene knockout of alr in m. smegmatis, a recent study concluded that depletion of alr does not affect the growth of m. smegmatis. in order to get an unambiguous answer on the essentiality of alr in m. tuberculosis and validate it as a drug target ...201122075031
clinical correlate of tuberculosis in hiv co-infected children at the university of abuja teaching hospital, gwagwalada, nigeria.tuberculosis (tb) co-infection with hiv is becoming a global emergency especially in the sub-saharan africa. its diagnosis is notoriously challenging in countries with poor resource settings with limited diagnostic facilities.201121860141
Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in a low-incidence country: Role of immigration and HIV infection.Immigrants from high-burden countries and HIV-coinfected individuals are risk groups for tuberculosis (TB) in low-incidence countries. Therefore, we studied their role in transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Switzerland. We included all TB patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort and a sample of patients from the national TB registry. We identified molecular clusters by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR and used weighted logistic regression adjusted for age and sex to identify risk factors for clus ...201122116153
Subunit Vaccine Candidate AMM Down-regulated the Regulatory T Cells and Enhanced the Protective Immunity of BCG on a Suitable Schedule.Mycobacterium bovis BCG priming and subunit vaccine boosting strategies are urgently needed to improve the protective efficacy of BCG in adult population. However, the schedule of subunit vaccine boosting is not well investigated, especially the optimal immune responses and vaccine immunization schedules are still not clear. We have constructed a novel subunit vaccine candidate consisting of fusion protein Ag85B-Mpt64 (190-198)-Mtb8.4 (AMM) in a complex adjuvant composed of dimo-thylidioctyl amm ...201122117839
Protection against bovine tuberculosis induced by oral vaccination of cattle with Mycobacterium bovis BCG is not enhanced by co-administration of mycobacterial protein vaccines.Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) delivered to calves by the oral route in a formulated lipid matrix has been previously shown to induce protection against bovine tuberculosis. A study was conducted in cattle to determine if a combination of a low dose of oral BCG and a protein vaccine could induce protective immunity to tuberculosis while not sensitising animals to tuberculin. Groups of calves (10 per group) were vaccinated by administering 2 × 10(7)colony forming units (CFU) of ...201122005585
Effects of Inhaled Inactivated Mycobacterium phlei on Airway Inflammation in Mouse Asthmatic Models.Abstract Background: Corticosteroids are the most efficacious anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma therapy; however, steroids are not always completedly effective for asthma. Studies have shown Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and other mycobacterial infections suppress airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthma. We use a murine model of Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma to study whether nebulized inhalation of inactivated Mycobacterium phlei can alleviate asthmatic airw ...201122149063
Crystal structure of sulfotransferase STF9 from Mycobacterium avium.Sulfotransferases catalyze the sulfate conjugation of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous molecules. Human pathogenic mycobacteria produce numerous sulfated molecules including sulfolipids which are well related to the virulence of several strains. The genome of Mycobacterium avium encodes eight putative sulfotransferases (stf1, stf4-stf10). Among them, STF9 shows higher similarity to human heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms than to the bacterial STs. Here, we determined the cr ...201221959978
modeling metabolic adjustment in mycobacterium tuberculosis upon treatment with isoniazid.complex biological systems exhibit a property of robustness at all levels of organization. through different mechanisms, the system tries to sustain stress such as due to starvation or drug exposure. to explore whether reconfiguration of the metabolic networks is used as a means to achieve robustness, we have studied possible metabolic adjustments in mtb upon exposure to isoniazid (inh), a front-line clinical drug. the redundancy in the genome of m. tuberculosis (mtb) makes it an attractive syst ...201122132057
pathogenesis in tuberculosis: transcriptomic approaches to unraveling virulence mechanisms and finding new drug targets.tuberculosis (tb) remains a major health problem worldwide. attempts to control this disease have proved difficult owing to our poor understanding of the pathobiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis and the emergence of strains that are resistant to multiple drugs currently available for treatment. genome-wide expression profiling has provided new insight into the transcriptome signatures of the bacterium during infection, notably of macrophages and dendritic cells. these data indicate that m. tub ...201122092372
comparison of two gamma interferon release assays and tuberculin skin testing for tuberculosis screening in a cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases starting anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.gamma interferon release assays (igras) are increasingly used for latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (ltbi) screening in patients with rheumatic diseases starting anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-tnf) therapies. we compared the performances of two igras, an enzyme-linked immunospot release assay (t-spot.tb) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (quantiferon-tb gold in tube [qft-git]), to that of tuberculin skin testing (tst) for ltbi screening of 157 consecutive rheumatic patients st ...201121994356
the quiet and controversial: ural family of mycobacterium tuberculosis.the absence of lateral gene exchange is a characteristic feature defining the genome evolution and clonal population structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis. certain of its lineages have justly attracted more attention due to their global dissemination and/or remarkable pathogenic properties. in this critical review, i discuss the population structure and genetic geography of the less 'popular' but in some aspects no less noteworthy m. tuberculosis lineage, ural family. its specific signature wa ...201122036706
control of mycobacterium bovis infection in two sika deer herds in ireland.in a number of countries, tuberculosis (due to infection with mycobacterium bovis) is a significant health problem of captive deer. this paper describes outbreaks of bovine tuberculosis in sika deer (cervus nippon) on two farms in ireland and the methods used to control the disease. on farm a, infection was first detected during 1993. the infection was eradicated using a programme of test and removal, in association with segregation of young animals. a second outbreak (also due to infection with ...200821851700
replacement of mycobacterium smegmatis dnaa gene by mycobacterium tuberculosis homolog results in temperature sensitivity.the genetic aspects of dnaa mediated initiation of oric replication in mycobacteria are largely unknown. to get insights into the replication initiation process in mycobacteria, we characterized mycobacterium tuberculosis dnaa and its interactions with oric. we show that the replacement of mycobacterium smegmatis dnaa with the m. tuberculosis counterpart expressed from its native promoter resulted in temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype. however, the ts phenotype was abolished when the m. tuberc ...201122112933
bcg vaccination of neonatal calves: potential roles for innate immune cells in the induction of protective immunity.bovine tuberculosis is a disease of increasing incidence in the uk causing major economic losses and with significant impact on bovine and, potentially human health: the causative agent mycobacterium bovis is a zoonotic pathogen. neonatal vaccination with the attenuated m. bovis bacille calmette guerin (bcg) vaccine confers a significant degree of protection in cattle, and is a widely used control strategy for human tb. the adaptive immune system is relatively immature in neonates and increased ...201122169020
[study on macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra in vitro].to study the production of nitric oxide and secretion of cytokines after infection of macrophages with mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra.201122078446
tuberculosis: a review of current concepts and control programme in nigeria.the burden of tuberculosis in nigeria is the highest in africa. therefore, improved knowledge of health workers on the current issues concerning the disease, including the national guideline, is important for effective disease control.201121970228
tb lipidomics-the final frontier.lipids play critical roles in the biology of mycobacterium tuberculosis, a notorious pathogen of man, but a systems-level approach to study these molecules have lagged behind other "omics" approaches. in this issue, layre et al. describe the development of a powerful lipidomics technique and creation of a comprehensive database that address this need.201122195552
[a case of mycobacterium intracellulare pulmonary infection with vertebral osteomyelitis].a 78-year-old woman seen in june 2005 for chest abnormal shadows after 3 months of steroid therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies was found in chest computed tomography (ct) revealed bronchiectasis and small nodules in the right middle lobe and left lingula. sputum cultures were positive for mycobacterium intracellulare. based on a diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, the woman underwent antimycobacterial therapy with clarithromycin, ri ...201122117384
alignment of multiple complete genomes suggests that gene rearrangements may contribute towards the speciation of mycobacteria.to more accurately define the taxonomic relationships among species belonging to the genus mycobacterium we have applied and compared three complete genome sequence comparison procedures to existing systems. these included a nucleotide sequence comparison including both coding and no-coding regions of the genome and two genomic-order comparisons using mauve and m-gcat software to provide comparative gene synteny. these methods clearly differentiated a panel of genomes from reference mycobacteria ...201122008279
high prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and in chronic respiratory diseases, including lung cancer.the early diagnosis and treatment of individuals harboring m. tuberculosis is key to ensuring the effectiveness of health programs aimed at the elimination of tuberculosis (tb). monitoring for tb also has other important health care implications for the related immune pathology caused by the chronic inflammatory response to m. tuberculosis. moreover, the recent introduction of biologic therapies for the treatment of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases has shown unexpected high frequenc ...201121880210
neuromyelitis optica and pulmonary tuberculosis: a case-control study.neuromyelitis optica (nmo), or devic's disease, is a rare acute inflammatory disease characterised by demyelination affecting the spinal cord and optic nerves. although nmo usually occurs in isolation, the association between nmo and active pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) has been suggested by a number of case reports and series.201122118177
rapid measurement of antituberculosis drug activity in vitro and in macrophages using bioluminescence.tuberculosis drug development is hampered by the slow growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis. bioluminescence, light produced by an enzymatic reaction, constitutes a rapid and highly sensitive measurement of cell metabolic function that can be used as an indirect marker of cell viability in drug screening assays. the aim of this work was to validate and standardize the use of luminescent m. tuberculosis strains to test the activity of antibacterial drugs in vitro and inside macrophages in a 96-wel ...201122101217
expression of a gene encoding 34.9?kda ppe antigen of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in e. coli.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) contains ppe family antigens which are proline and glutamic acid rich and may play important role as t cell antigens. hence the identification and generation of antigens are necessary for immunological characterization. in the present study, the epitopic region of a unique ppe gene encoding 34.9?kda protein from map was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. the gene was cloned into escherichia coli vector pqe30 ua. the recombinant plasmid desig ...201022110958
diagnostic features associated with culture of mycobacterium tuberculosis among young children in a vaccine trial setting.: to identify diagnostic features associated with culture of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the standard for tuberculosis (tb) diagnosis, to inform clinical end point definitions for new tb vaccine trials.201122094639
[effects of mycobacterium tuberculosis on apoptosis of mouse dendritic cells and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8].to investigate the effects of mycobacterium tuberculosis on apoptosis of mouse dendritic cells (dc 2. 4) and the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8.201121984154
Cholesterol catabolism as a therapeutic target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen that infects 10 million people worldwide and kills 2 million people every year. The uptake and utilization of nutrients by Mtb within the host cell is still poorly understood, although lipids play an important role in Mtb persistence. The recent identification of a large regulon of cholesterol catabolic genes suggests that Mtb can use host sterol for infection and persistence. In this review, we report on recent progress in elucidatio ...201121924910
Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii isolated from 24 farmed fishes in western Japan.Mycobacteria isolated from epizootics of farmed fishes in western Japan were examined for the first time using multi-genotypic analysis. By analysis of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes (ITS) region and the partial 16S rRNA, hsp65, and rpoB genes, M. pseudoshottsii was identified as the causative agent in these infections. Prior to this study, only M. marinum has been known as the causative agent of lethal mycobacterial disease in marine fishes i ...201121986278
BCG response prediction with cytokine gene variants and bladder cancer: where we are?Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most widespread cancers afflicting men and women and also has major philosophical impact on health care worldwide. Despite elaborate characterization of the risk factors and treatment options, BC is still a major epidemiological problem worldwide and its incidence lingers to upswing each year. Over the last three decades, intravesical immunotherapy with the biological response modifier Mycobacterium bovis-Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) has been established as th ...201121932129
a case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis responsive to azathioprine in a patient with no underlying malignancy.multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (mrh), a rare histiocytic systemic condition characterized by mutilating arthritis and multiple cutaneous nodules, has been associated with malignancy including that of the breast, thyroid and colon. an unsubstantiated link with infectious agents such as mycobacterium tuberculosis has been described. many treatments have been used with varying success. we describe the case of a 60-year-old man with mrh and no underlying malignancy who initially responded well t ...201122070706
reduction in mycobacterial disease among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era (1997-2008).background:: human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children are at increased risk of developing mycobacterial disease. the aim of this study was to estimate the change in mycobacterial disease rate in hiv-infected children and adolescents in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) era. methods:: we carried out a retrospective study. data were obtained from the records of the minimum basic data set of hospitals in spain from 1997 to 2008. the epidemiologic trends of mycobacterial d ...201122016082
structure of 3-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase from rickettsia prowazekii at 2.25 å resolution.rickettsia prowazekii, a parasitic gram-negative bacterium, is in the second-highest biodefense category of pathogens of the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases, but only a handful of structures have been deposited in the pdb for this bacterium; to date, all of these have been solved by the ssgcid. owing to its small genome (about 800 protein-coding genes), it relies on the host for many basic biosynthetic processes, hindering the identification of potential antipathogenic drug ...201121904060
study of the density and distribution of mycobacterium leprae in the epidermis and skin appendages in lepromatous patients. 201121860164
a mathematical representation of the development of mycobacterium tuberculosis active, latent and dormant stages.the majority of individuals infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) bacilli develop latent infection. mtb becomes dormant and phenotypically drug resistant when it encounters multiple stresses within the host, and expresses a set of genes, known as the dormancy regulon, in vivo. these genes are expressed in vitro in response to nitric oxide (no), hypoxia (oxygen deprivation), and nutrient starvation. the occurrence and reactivation of latent tuberculosis (tb) is not clearly understood. th ...201221968442
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection in human remains: tuberculosis spread since the 17th century in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Paleogenetic analysis for tuberculosis (TB) was conducted on bone and sediment samples dating from the 17th to 19th centuries from the archeological site of Nossa Senhora do Carmo Church in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Forty samples were analyzed, corresponding to 32 individuals from 28 burials, 22 of primary type and 6 of secondary type. The samples were collected following strict paleogenetic investigation guidelines and submitted to ancient DNA (aDNA) extraction. In order to detect TB infection, a ...201121896337
potential of mycobacterium tuberculosis resuscitation-promoting factors as antigens in novel tuberculosis sub-unit vaccines.novel vaccines are needed to control tuberculosis (tb), the bacterial infectious disease that together with malaria and hiv is worldwide responsible for high levels of morbidity and mortality. tb can result from the reactivation of an initially controlled latent infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). mtb proteins for which a possible role in this reactivation process has been hypothesized are the five homologs of the resuscitation-promoting factor of micrococcus luteus, namely mtb rv0867 ...201221920450
highly fluorescent gfpm 2+ -based genome integration-proficient promoter probe vector to study mycobacterium tuberculosis promoters in infected macrophages.study of activity of cloned promoters in slow-growing mycobacterium tuberculosis during long-term growth conditions in vitro or inside macrophages, requires a genome-integration proficient promoter probe vector, which can be stably maintained even without antibiotics, carrying a substrate-independent, easily scorable and highly sensitive reporter gene. in order to meet this requirement, we constructed pakmn2, which contains mycobacterial codon-optimized gfp(m) (2+) gene, coding for gfp(m) (2+) o ...201221958386
prevalence and distribution of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in cattle herds in ireland.a simple random survey was conducted in ireland during 2005 to estimate the elisa-prevalence of paratuberculosis, commonly called johne's disease (jd), in the cattle population. serum samples were collected from all 20,322 females/breeding bulls over 12 months-of-age in 639 herds. all samples were tested using a commercially available absorbed elisa. the overall prevalence of infected herds, based on the presence of at least one elisa-positive animal, was 21.4% (95% ci 18.4%-24.9%). herd prevale ...200921851740
A network of regulatory pathways in lepromatous leprosy. 201121903479
BCG Induces Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in the Wistar Rat Model.Our understanding of the correlation of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-mediated immune responses and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is still limited. We have recently characterized a Wistar rat model of experimental tuberculosis (TB). In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of BCG vaccination in this model. Upon Mtb challenge, BCG vaccinated rats controlled growth of the bacilli earlier than unvaccinated rats. Histopathology analysis of i ...201122162757
synthesis, antitubercular evaluation and 3d-qsar study of n-phenyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-substituted pyrazole derivatives.as a part of our ongoing research to develop novel antitubercular agents, a series of n-phenyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-substituted pyrazoles have been synthesized and tested for antimycobacterial activity in vitro against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv strain using the bactec 460 radiometric system. a 3d-qsar study based on comfa and comsia was performed on these pyrazole derivatives to correlate their chemical structures with the observed activity against m. tuberculosis. the comfa model provide ...201222104148
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