| bulk and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis: plant-dependent enrichment and seasonal shifts revealed. | the bacterial rhizosphere communities of three host plants of the pathogenic fungus verticillium dahliae, field-grown strawberry (fragaria ananassa duch.), oilseed rape (brassica napus l.), and potato (solanum tuberosum l.), were analyzed. we aimed to determine the degree to which the rhizosphere effect is plant dependent and whether this effect would be increased by growing the same crops in two consecutive years. rhizosphere or soil samples were taken five times over the vegetation periods. to ... | 2001 | 11571180 |
| toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its reduction by bacteria isolated from soil contaminated with tannery waste. | an arthrobacter sp. and a bacillus sp., isolated from a long-term tannery waste contaminated soil, were examined for their tolerance to hexavalent chromium [cr(vi)] and their ability to reduce cr(vi) to cr(iii), a detoxification process in cell suspensions and cell extracts. both bacteria tolerated cr(vi) at 100 mg/ml on a minimal salts agar medium supplemented with 0.5% glucose, but only arthrobacter could grow in liquid medium at this concentration. arthrobacter sp. could reduce cr(vi) up to 5 ... | 2003 | 12783193 |
| crystal structure and mechanism of catalysis of a pyrazinamidase from pyrococcus horikoshii. | bacterial pyrazinamidase (pzaase)/nicotinamidase converts pyrazinamide (pza) to ammonia and pyrazinoic acid, which is active against mycobacterium tuberculosis. loss of pzaase activity is the major mechanism of pyrazinamide-resistance by m. tuberculosis. we have determined the crystal structure of the gene product of pyrococcus horikoshii 999 (ph999), a pzaase, and its complex with zinc ion by x-ray crystallography. the overall fold of ph999 is similar to that of n-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrol ... | 2001 | 11714269 |
| microbial degradation of isopropyl-n-3 -chlorophenylcarbamate and 2-chloroethyl-n-3-chlorophenylcarbamate. | microbial degradation of isopropyl-n-3-chlorophenylcarbamate (cipc) and 2-chloroethyl-n-3-chlorophenylcarbamate (cepc) was observed in a soil perfusion system. degradation in perfused soils, and by pure cultures of effective bacterial isolates, was demonstrated by the production of 3-chloroaniline and the subsequent liberation of free chloride ion. identified isolates effective in degrading and utilizing cipc as a sole source of carbon included pseudomonas striata chester, a flavobacterium sp., ... | 1965 | 14325285 |
| [strains of pseudomonas fluorescens 3 and arthrobacter sp. 2--degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]. | pseudomonas fluorescences 3 and arthrobacter sp. 2 strains were isolated from the association of microorganisms--destructors of oil hydrocarbons and were selected for their ability to grow on media with phenanthrene as the only source of carbon and energy. the p. fluorescens 3 strain is able to grow on naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene. arthrobacter sp. 2 strain did not grow on naphthalene, but was able to destruct phenanthrene and fluorene. the destruction activity of these st ... | 2001 | 11785266 |
| the trans-anethole degradation pathway in an arthrobacter sp. | a bacterial strain (ta13) capable of utilizing t-anethole as the sole carbon source was isolated from soil. the strain was identified as arthrobacter aurescens based on its 16 s rrna gene sequence. key steps of the degradation pathway of t-anethole were identified by the use of t-anethole-blocked mutants and specific inducible enzymatic activities. in addition to t-anethole, strain ta13 is capable of utilizing anisic acid, anisaldehyde, and anisic alcohol as the sole carbon source. t-anethole-bl ... | 2002 | 11805095 |
| reconfirmation of antimicrobial activity in the coelomic fluid of the earthworm eisenia fetida andrei by colorimetric assay. | a novel tetrazolium salt, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium (mts) was used in the assessment of antimicrobial activity in earthworm in the presence of phenazine methosulphate (pms) as an electron coupling reagent. this activity was purified from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm (ecf), eisenia fetida andrei (oligochaeta, lumbricidae, annelids) using a series of column chromatography techniques and was tested against three gram-negative st ... | 2003 | 14660872 |
| bacterial populations associated with the oxidation and reduction of arsenic in an unsaturated soil. | microbial populations responsible for the oxidation and reduction of as were examined in unsaturated (aerobic) soil columns treated with 75 microm arsenite [as(iii)] or 250 microm arsenate [as(v)]. arsenite [as(iii)] was rapidly oxidized to as(v) via microbial activity, whereas no apparent reduction of as(v) was observed in the column experiments. eight aerobic heterotrophic bacteria with varying as redox phenotypes were isolated from the same columns. three isolates, identified as agrobacterium ... | 2004 | 14740724 |
| repeated inoculation as a strategy for the remediation of low concentrations of phenanthrene in soil. | phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, becomes increasingly unavailable to microorganisms for degradation as it ages in soil. consequently, many bioaugmentation efforts to remediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil have failed. we studied the effect of repeatedly inoculating a soil with a phenanthrene-degrading arthrobacter sp. on the mineralization kinetics of low concentrations of phenanthrene. after the first inoculation, the initial mineralization rate of 50 ng/g phenanthre ... | 2001 | 11826901 |
| l-methionine degradation potentialities of cheese-ripening microorganisms. | volatile sulphur compounds are major flavouring compounds in many traditional fermented foods including cheeses. these compounds are products of the catabolism of l-methionine by cheese-ripening microorganisms. the diversity of l-methionine degradation by such microorganisms, however, remains to be characterized. the objective of this work was to compare the capacities to produce volatile sulphur compounds by five yeasts, geotrichum candidum, yarrowia lipolytica, kluyveromyces lactis, debaryomyc ... | 2001 | 11928962 |
| purification and characterization of aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from arthrobacter sp. tmp-1. | aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase was purified to essentially homogeneity from putrescine-grown cells of arthrobacter sp. tmp-1. the molecular weights of the enzyme and its subunit were 201,000 and 51,000, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme is a tetramer of identical subunits. the apparent michaelis constants (k(m)) for 4-aminobutyraldehyde, 3-aminopropionaldehyde and 4-guanidinobutyraldehyde were approximately 65, 150, and 85 microm, respectively. linear fatty aldehydes also tested were le ... | 2002 | 12186751 |
| simultaneous horizontal gene transfer of a gene coding for ribosomal protein l27 and operational genes in arthrobacter sp. | phylogenetic analysis of bacterial l27 ribosomal proteins showed that, against taxonomy, the l27 protein from the actinobacteria arthrobacter sp. clusters with protein sequences from the bacillus group. the l27 gene clusters in the arthrobacter sp. genome with six genes responsible for creatinine and sarcosine degradation. phylogenetic analyses of orthologue proteins encoded by three of these genes also showed a phylogenetic relationship with bacillus species. comparisons between the synonymous ... | 2002 | 12486522 |
| biodegradation of the mixture of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and phenol by a defined mixed culture. | two new strains, pseudomonas sp. tcp114 degrading 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (tcp) and arthrobacter sp. cpr706 degrading 4-chlorophenol (4-cp), were isolated through a selective enrichment procedure. both strains could also degrade phenol. the degradability of one component by a pure culture was strongly affected by the presence of other compounds in the medium. for example, when all three components (tcp, 4-cp, and phenol) were present in the medium, a pure culture of cpr706 could not degrade any of ... | 1997 | 12501340 |
| mrna differential display in a microbial enrichment culture: simultaneous identification of three cyclohexanone monooxygenases from three species. | mrna differential display has been used to identify cyclohexanone oxidation genes in a mixed microbial community derived from a wastewater bioreactor. thirteen dna fragments randomly amplified from the total rna of an enrichment subculture exposed to cyclohexanone corresponded to genes predicted to be involved in the degradation of cyclohexanone. nine of these dna fragments are part of genes encoding three distinct baeyer-villiger cyclohexanone monooxygenases from three different bacterial speci ... | 2003 | 12514013 |
| [microbial succession on lignite along with weathering]. | six different weathered lignite samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy. few microorganisms were observed on lignit just excavated and only spores and short hyphae were observed on lignite samples excavated 5 months, 1 year and 4 years before sampling. when lignite samples were moistened with distilled water and incubated for 10 days, actinomycetes proliferated significantly on lignite samples that were just excavated or excavated 5 months before sampling. the growth of bacteria wa ... | 1998 | 12548918 |
| [the solubilization of four insoluble phosphates by some microorganisms]. | four insoluble phosphates of ferric phosphate (fe-p), aluminum phosphate (al-p), fluorapatite (fap) and rock phosphate (rp) were used as a sole phosphorus resource for some phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. it was found that there was significant difference in solubilizing these phosphates by the tested isolates. the fungi normally were more powerful than the bacteria in dissolving the phsophates. the microorganisms generally solubilized more phosphate when supplied with no3- than with nh4+ ... | 2002 | 12557403 |
| dimethylphthalate hydrolysis by specific microbial esterase. | two bacterial strains: arthrobacter sp. and sphingomonas paucimobilis were isolated from soil by enrichment cultures using dimethylphthalate (dmp) or monomethylphthalate (mmp) as sole carbon source, respectively. dmp was rapidly transformed by an arthrobacter sp. culture with formation of mmp and phthalic acid (pa) which is further degraded. this strain was unable to hydrolyse mmp. a mechanism of degradation of dmp was proposed with two ways: dmp-->pa and dmp-->mmp. the s. paucimobilis strain hy ... | 2003 | 12668024 |
| agar-plated bacteria found in the activated sludge of lab-scale sbr and cfstr systems. | we identified and compared the predominant agar-plated bacteria in the activated sludge of two popular wastewater treatment systems, the sequencing batch reactor (sbr) and the continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (cfstr). all tests had the same feed composition except for the buffer intensity. it was found that corynebacterium sp. seemed to prefer growing under lower buffer condition, and arthrobacter sp. grew dominantly in the system with higher buffer intensity. gram-negative bacteria appeared ... | 2003 | 12676503 |
| isolation and characterization of an atrazine-degrading bacterium from industrial wastewater in china. | to isolate and characterize atrazine-degrading bacteria in order to identify suitable candidates for potential use in bioremediation of atrazine contamination. | 2003 | 12680937 |
| characterization of the 4-hydroxybenzoyl-coenzyme a thioesterase from arthrobacter sp. strain su. | the arthrobacter sp. strain su 4-chlorobenzoate (4-cba) dehalogenation pathway converts 4-cba to 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-hba). the pathway operon contains the genes fcba, fcbb, and fcbc (a. schmitz, k. h. gartemann, j. fiedler, e. grund, and r. eichenlaub, appl. environ. microbiol. 58:4068-4071, 1992). genes fcba and fcbb encode 4-cba-coenzyme a (coa) ligase and 4-cba-coa dehalogenase, respectively, whereas the function of fcbc is not known. we subcloned fcbc and expressed it in escherichia coli, a ... | 2003 | 12732540 |
| isolation and characterization of a fructosyl-amine oxidase from an arthrobacter sp. | an arthrobacter sp. was isolated that, when induced by fructosyl-valine, expressed a fructosyl-amine oxidase (faod) that was specific for alpha-glycated amino acids. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified oxidase was determined and used to design oligonucleotides to amplify the gene by inverse pcr. expression of the gene in escherichia coli produced 0.23 units faod per mg protein, over 30-fold greater than native expression levels, with properties almost indistinguishable from the na ... | 2005 | 15685416 |
| d-arginase of arthrobacter sp. kuj 8602: characterization and its identity with zn(2+)-guanidinobutyrase. | d-arginase activity was found in the cells of an isolate, arthrobacter sp. kuj 8602, grown in the l-arginine medium, and the enzyme was purified and characterized. its molecular weight was estimated to be about 232,000 by gel filtration, and that of the subunit was approximately 40,000 by sds-page, suggesting that the enzyme is a homohexamer. the enzyme acted on not only d-arginine but also 4-guanidinobutyrate, 3-guanidinopropionate and even l-arginine. the v(max)/k(m) values for 4-guanidinobuty ... | 2003 | 12761196 |
| characterization and molecular cloning of a novel enzyme, inorganic polyphosphate/atp-glucomannokinase, of arthrobacter sp. strain km. | a bacterium exhibiting activities of several inorganic polyphosphate [poly(p)]- and atp-dependent kinases, including glucokinase, nad kinase, mannokinase, and fructokinase, was isolated, determined to belong to the genus arthrobacter, and designated arthrobacter sp. strain km. among the kinases, a novel enzyme responsible for the poly(p)- and atp-dependent mannokinase activities was purified 2,200-fold to homogeneity from a cell extract of the bacterium. the purified enzyme was a monomer with a ... | 2003 | 12839753 |
| mode of action and antifungal properties of two cold-adapted chitinases. | the mode of action of two chitinases from the antarctic arthrobacter sp. strain tad20 on n-acetyl-chitooligomers and chitin polymers has been elucidated. identification of the length of chitin oligomers following enzymatic hydrolysis was verified by using hplc-based analysis. it was observed that the length of the oligomer is important for enzyme action. the enzymes cannot effectively hydrolyze chitin oligomers with a degree of polymerization lower than four. archia is an endochitinase which hyd ... | 2003 | 12884086 |
| the structure of 4-hydroxybenzoyl-coa thioesterase from arthrobacter sp. strain su. | the 4-chlorobenzoyl-coa dehalogenation pathway in certain arthrobacter and pseudomonas bacterial species contains three enzymes: a ligase, a dehalogenase, and a thioesterase. here we describe the high resolution x-ray crystallographic structure of the 4-hydroxybenzoyl-coa thioesterase from arthrobacter sp. strain su. the tetrameric enzyme is a dimer of dimers with each subunit adopting the so-called "hot dog fold" composed of six strands of anti-parallel beta-sheet flanked on one side by a rathe ... | 2003 | 12907670 |
| cold adaptation of a psychrophilic chitinase: a mutagenesis study. | the gene encoding chitinase archib from the antarctic arthrobacter sp. tad20 has been expressed in escherichia coli and the recombinant enzyme purified to homogeneity. in an effort to engineer cold-adapted biocatalysts through rational redesign to operate at elevated temperatures, we performed several mutations aiming to increase the rigidity of the molecular edifice of the selected psychrophilic chitinase. the mutations were designed on the basis of a homology-based three-dimensional model of t ... | 2003 | 12915727 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of inorganic polyphosphate/atp-glucomannokinase from arthrobacter sp. strain km. | inorganic polyphosphate [poly(p)]/atp-glucomannokinase from arthrobacter sp. strain km phosphorylates glucose and mannose, utilizing both atp and poly(p) as phosphoryl donors. the enzyme was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized by means of the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method with ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. the crystals were orthorhombic and belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 66.2, b = 83.7, c = 103.8 a. assuming two molecul ... | 2003 | 12925806 |
| influence of al on growth, cell size and content of intracellular water of arthrobacter sp. pi/1-95. | a distinct inhibition of the growth of a typical soil-born bacterium, arthrobacter sp. pi/1-95, by aluminium was established. the content of intracellular water and (consequently) the cell size of the bacterium significantly increased when cells came into contact with aluminium. both parameters were also increased when applying hcl, but al caused the greater change, so that a distinct discrimination between the effects of aluminium on the one hand and a sole ph-effect on the other hand was possi ... | 2003 | 14574119 |
| purification, characterization, and gene cloning of cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase from benzamide-assimilating arthrobacter sp. ba-5-17. | cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase (mc) was purified to homogeneity from benzamide-assimilating arthrobacter sp. ba-5-17. the purified enzyme showed high activities for cis,cis-muconate and 3-methyl-cis,cis-muconate, and preferred the 3-substituted derivatives over the derivatives with the same substituent at the 2 position as a substrate. a gene encoding mc of strain ba-5-17 was cloned and named catb. the catb gene was clustered with catr encoding a putative lysr-type regulator, catc encoding a pu ... | 2004 | 14769475 |
| [the microbial transformation of phenanthrene and anthracene]. | the transformation of phenanthrene and anthracene by rhodococcus rhodnii 135, pseudomonas fluorescens 26k, and arthrobacter sp. k3 is studied. twenty-one intermediates of phenanthrene and anthracene transformation are identified by hplc, mass spectrometry, and nmr spectroscopy. p. fluorescens 26k and arthrobacter sp. k3 are found to produce a wide range of intermediates, whereas r. rhodnii 135 oxidizes phenanthrene, resulting in the formation of a sole product, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene. putative tr ... | 2005 | 16119849 |
| biotransformation of phenylurea herbicides by a soil bacterial strain, arthrobacter sp. n2: structure, ecotoxicity and fate of diuron metabolite with soil fungi. | in order to assess the influence of the aromatic substitution on the ability of a soil bacterial strain, arthrobacter sp. n2, to degrade phenylurea herbicides, biotransformation assays were performed in mineral medium with resting cells of this soil bacterial strain on three phenylurea herbicides (diuron, chlorotoluron and isoproturon). each herbicide considered, led to the formation of only one metabolite detected by hplc analysis. after isolation, the metabolites were identified by nmr and ms, ... | 2002 | 11838430 |
| isolation, characterization and diuron transformation capacities of a bacterial strain arthrobacter sp. n2. | a bacterial strain able to transform diuron was isolated from a soil by enrichment procedures. strain isolation was realized by plating on minimal-agarose medium spread with this herbicide and selecting the colonies surrounded by a clear thin halo. one strain was characterized and identified as an arthrobacter sp. it metabolized diuron and the final transformation product, 3,4-dichloroaniline, was produced in stoichiometric amounts. the transformation of diuron at different concentrations was mo ... | 2002 | 11838431 |
| cytosolic nadp phosphatases i and ii from arthrobacter sp. strain km: implication in regulation of nad+/nadp+ balance. | nadp phosphatase (nadpase) is an enzyme that converts nadp+ into nad+ through dephosphorylation of nadp+, and is considered to be one of the possible candidates for regulation of the nad+/nadp+ balance in vivo. in order to obtain an intrinsic nadpase, the nadp+-degrading activity in a membrane-free cell extract of a gram-positive bacterium, arthrobacter sp. strain km, was first assessed and demonstrated to be mainly achieved through the nadpase reaction, indicating nadpase is essential for degra ... | 2004 | 15162392 |
| cytoplasmic membrane polarization in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria grown in the absence and presence of tetracycline. | the ability of numerous diverse compounds and ions to cross the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane by diffusion and active transport is highly dependent on cytoplasmic membrane fluidity, which can be measured using fluorescent probes to estimate membrane polarization values. however, membrane polarization data are lacking for most bacterial species. the cytoplasmic membrane polarization values for arthrobacter sp. atcc 21908, bacillus cereus nrc 3045, pseudomonas fluorescens r2f, pseudomonas putida ... | 2004 | 15182931 |
| a novel p-nitrophenol degradation gene cluster from a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101. | p-nitrophenol (4-np) is recognized as an environmental contaminant; it is used primarily for manufacturing medicines and pesticides. to date, several 4-np-degrading bacteria have been isolated; however, the genetic information remains very limited. in this study, a novel 4-np degradation gene cluster from a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101, was identified and characterized. the deduced amino acid sequences of npcb, npca, and npcc showed identity with phenol 2-hydroxylase compon ... | 2004 | 15262926 |
| a novel enzyme, d-3-hydroxyaspartate aldolase from paracoccus denitrificans ifo 13301: purification, characterization, and gene cloning. | a novel enzyme, d-3-hydroxyaspartate aldolase (d-haa), catalyzing the conversion of d-3-hydroxyaspartate to glyoxylate plus glycine, was purified to homogeneity from paracoccus denitrificans ifo 13301. d-haa is strictly d-specific as to the alpha-position, whereas the enzyme does not distinguish between threo and erythro forms at the beta-position. in addition to d-3-hydroxyaspartate, the enzyme also acts on d-threonine, d-3-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine, d-3-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylserine, and d-3- ... | 2003 | 12835921 |
| microbial synthesis of chiral amines by (r)-specific transamination with arthrobacter sp. knk168. | arthrobacter sp. knk168 shows (r)-enantioselective transaminase [(r)-transaminase] activity, which converts prochiral ketones into the corresponding chiral (r)-amines in the presence of an amino donor. the cultural conditions and reaction conditions for asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines with this microorganism were examined. the transaminase was inducible, and its production was enhanced by the addition of sec-butylamine and 3-amino-2,2-dimethylbutane to the culture medium. (r)-1-phenylethyl ... | 2006 | 16003558 |
| adenosine diphosphate glucose-glycogen transglucosylase in arthrobacter sp. nrrl b 1973. | | 1964 | 14205498 |
| biotransformations of propenylbenzenes by an arthrobacter sp. and its t-anethole blocked mutants. | propenylbenzenes are often used as starting materials in the chemical synthesis of aroma compounds and fine chemicals. in the present study, we demonstrate the ability of an arthrobacter sp. to transform various structures of propenylbenzenes derived from essential oils to flavor, fragrance, and fine chemicals. arthrobacter strain ta13 and its t-anethole blocked mutants (incapable of growing on t-anethole) converted isoeugenol to vanillin and vanillic acid; and safrole to hydroxychavicol. high c ... | 2003 | 14511910 |
| whole cell-enzyme hybrid amperometric biosensor for direct determination of organophosphorous nerve agents with p-nitrophenyl substituent. | in this paper, we reported the construction of a hybrid biosensor for direct, highly selective, sensitive, and rapid quantitative determination of organophosphate pesticides with p-nitrophenyl substituent using purified organophosphorus hydrolase (oph) for the initial hydrolysis and arthrobacter sp. js443 for subsequent p-nitrophenol oxidation. the biocatalytic layer was prepared by co-immobilizing arthrobacter sp. js443 and oph on a carbon paste electrode. oph catalyzed the hydrolysis of organo ... | 2004 | 14991648 |
| isolation of a bacterium capable of degrading peanut hull lignin. | thirty-seven bacterial strains capable of degrading peanut hull lignin were isolated by using four types of lignin preparations and hot-water-extracted peanut hulls. one of the isolates, tentatively identified as arthrobacter sp., was capable of utilizing all four lignin preparations as well as extracted peanut hulls as a sole source of carbon. the bacterium was also capable of degrading specifically labeled [c]lignin-labeled lignocellulose and [c]cellulose-labeled lignocellulose from the cordgr ... | 1983 | 16346424 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray study of isomaltodextranase from arthrobacter globiformis. | a recombinant isomaltodextranase (1,6-alpha-d-glucan isomaltohydrolase; ec 3.2.1.94) from an arthrobacter sp. that hydrolyzes dextrans to generate isomaltose was purified and crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at 293 k. x-ray diffraction data were collected to 1.8 a. the crystals belong to space group c2, with unit-cell parameters a = 199.1, b = 62.7, c = 57.4, beta = 101.4 degrees. analysis of the patterson self-rotation function suggests that the crystal contains one p ... | 2004 | 14993697 |
| effect of temperature and ph on the toxicity of aluminium towards two new, soil born species of arthrobacter sp. | two coryneform bacteria arthrobacter sp. pi/1-95 (arth1) and arthrobacter sp. pi/3-95 (arth3) were isolated from forest soil characterized and investigated with respect to their reaction towards aluminium (al). sigmoid functions were used to describe dose-response relationships between al concentration and microbial growth and to calculate ec-values. ec(100) -- indicating a complete inhibition of microbial growth -- varied between 185 microm al for arth1 and 11 mm al for arth3. a pure ph effect ... | 2004 | 15069668 |
| hyper-production of an isomalto-dextranase of an arthrobacter sp. by a proteases-deficient bacillus subtilis: sequencing, properties, and crystallization of the recombinant enzyme. | arthrobacter globiformis t6 is unique in that it produces an enzyme yielding only isomaltose from dextran. in the present study, the organism was re-identified and its classification as a new species of the genus arthrobacter, a. dextranlyticum, was proposed. the high g+c gene (66.8 mol%) for the isomalto-dextranase was sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence, with a calculated molecular mass of 65,993 da (603 amino acids), was confirmed by nanoscale capillary liquid chromatography coupled to ... | 2004 | 15248038 |
| microbiological degradation of pentane by immobilized cells of arthrobacter sp. | the increasing production of several plastics such as expanded polystyrene, widely used as packaging and building materials, has caused the release of considerable amounts of pentane employed as an expanding agent. today many microorganisms are used to degrade hydrocarbons in order to minimize contamination caused by several industrial activities. the aim of our work was to identify a suitable microorganism to degrade pentane. we focused our attention on a strain of arthrobacter sp. which in a s ... | 2005 | 15727150 |
| structure of beta-glucan oligomer from laminarin and its effect on human monocytes to inhibit the proliferation of u937 cells. | we analyzed the human monocyte-stimulating ability of laminarin from eisenia bicyclis, lichenan from cetraria islandica, and their oligomers depolymerized with endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from arthrobacter sp. the respective beta-glucan oligomers with different degrees of polymerization (dp) were fractionated from hydrolytic products of laminarin and lichenan using gel-filtration chromatography. the monocyte-conditioned medium pre-cultured in the presence of a fraction of beta-glucan oligomer (dp>/= ... | 2005 | 15784984 |
| depolymerisation and biodegradation of a synthetic tanning agent by activated sludges, the bacteria arthrobacter globiformis and comamonas testosteroni, and the fungus cunninghamella polymorpha. | degradation of a synthetic tanning agent cnsf (a condensation product of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (2-nsa) and formaldehyde) by four activated sludges, two previously characterised bacterial strains, arthrobacter sp. 2ac and comamonas sp. 4bc, and the fungus cunninghamella polymorpha, was studied in batch culture at 25 degrees c by determining the changes in the concentrations of cnsf and its component monomers and oligomers (n2-n11). the loss of individual oligomers was correlated with the len ... | 2005 | 15865336 |
| the crystal structure of mlc, a global regulator of sugar metabolism in escherichia coli. | mlc from escherichia coli is a transcriptional repressor controlling the expression of a number of genes encoding enzymes of the phosphotransferase system (pts), including ptsg and manxyz, the specific enzyme ii for glucose and mannose pts transporters. in addition, mlc controls the transcription of malt, the gene of the global activator of the mal regulon. the inactivation of mlc as a repressor is mediated by binding to an actively transporting ptsg (eiicb(glc)). here we report the crystal stru ... | 2005 | 15929984 |
| metabolism of di- and mono-n-butyl phthalate by soil bacteria. | di-n-butyl phthalate and other dialkyl phthalates are used as carbon sources by three nocardia sp. isolates; mono-n-butyl phthalate is used as a carbon source by an arthrobacter sp. isolate and a pseudomonas sp. isolate. the compounds were metabolized in these organisms by hydrolysis to the corresponding monoesters and free phthalic acid. phthalic acid was then metabolized via protocatechuic acid by 3,4-dioxygenative ring cleavage. | 1978 | 16345266 |
| isolation and characterization of a mutant of arthrobacter sp. strain glp-1 which utilizes the herbicide glyphosate as its sole source of phosphorus and nitrogen. | arthrobacter sp. strain glp-1, grown on glucose as a carbon source, utilizes the herbicide glyphosate [n-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] as its sole source of phosphorus as well as its sole source of nitrogen. the mutant strain glp-1/nit-1 utilizes glyphosate as its sole source of nitrogen as well. in strain glp-1, p(i) was a potent competitive inhibitor of glyphosate uptake (k(i), 24 mum), while the affinity of p(i) for the uptake system of strain glp-1/nit-1 was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude (k(i ... | 1988 | 16347784 |
| degradation of 4-chlorobenzoate by facultatively alkalophilic arthrobacter sp. strain sb8. | a facultative alkalophile capable of utilizing 4-chlorobenzoate (4-cba), strain sb8, was isolated from soil with an alkaline medium (ph 10.0) containing the haloaromatic compound as the carbon source. the strain, identified as an arthrobacter sp., showed rather extensive 4-cba-degrading ability. 4-cba utilization by the strain was possible in the alkaline medium containing up to 10 g of the compound per liter. the 4-cba-dechlorinating activity of resting cells was almost completely uninhibited b ... | 1989 | 16347854 |
| role of the n-terminal domain of endoinulinase from arthrobacter sp. s37 in regulation of enzyme catalysis. | endoinulinase from arthrobacter sp. s37 (enia), a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 32, is unique in that, unlike other members of the family, it contains a 250-residue n-terminal domain including a "laminin-g like jelly-roll" fold. this unique n-terminal domain is here suggested to be involved in dimerization and catalysis. the essentially inactive nature of enzymes produced by n-terminal truncation (delta15, delta45, delta70, and delta250) supported the pivotal role of this unique domai ... | 2005 | 16046445 |
| [a new aerobic gram-positive bacterium with a unique ability to degrade ortho- and para-chlorinated biphenyls]. | strain b51 capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) was isolated from soil contaminated with wastes from the chemical industry. based on its morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain was identified as a microbacterium sp. experiments with washed cells showed that strain b51 is able to degrade ortho- and para-substituted mono-, di-, and trichlorinated biphenyls (mcb, dcb, and tcb, respectively). unlike the known pcb degraders, microbacterium sp. b51 is able to oxidi ... | 2003 | 14768541 |
| x-ray crystallographic analysis of 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase: molecular basis for the birth of a nylon oligomer-degrading enzyme. | 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase (eii), responsible for the degradation of nylon-6 industry by-products, and its analogous enzyme (eii') that has only approximately 0.5% of the specific activity toward the 6-aminohexanoate-linear dimer, are encoded on plasmid poad2 of arthrobacter sp. (formerly flavobacterium sp.) ki72. here, we report the three-dimensional structure of hyb-24 (a hybrid between the eii and eii' proteins; eii'-level activity) by x-ray crystallography at 1.8 a resolution and refin ... | 2005 | 16162506 |
| metabolism of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid by soil bacteria. | a microorganism capable of degrading 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (mcpa) was isolated from soil and identified as flavobacterium peregrinum. all of the chlorine of mcpa was released as chloride, and the carboxyl-carbon was converted to volatile products by growing cultures of the bacterium, but a phenol accumulated in the medium. the phenol was identified as 4-chloro-2-methylphenol on the basis of its gas chromatographic and infrared characteristics. extracts of cells of f. peregrinum and ... | 1967 | 16349751 |
| the purification and characterisation of 4-chlorobenzoate:coa ligase and 4-chlorobenzoyl coa dehalogenase from arthrobacter sp. strain tm-1. | 4-chlorobenzoate:coa ligase, the first enzyme in the pathway for 4-chlorobenzoate dissimilation, has been partially purified from arthrobacter sp. strain tm-1, by sequential ammonium sulphate precipitation and chromatography on deae-sepharose and sephacryl s-200. the enzyme, a homodimer of subunit molecular mass approximately 56 kd, is dependent on mg2+-atp and coenzyme a, and produces 4-chlorobenzoyl coa and amp. besides mg2+, mn2+, co2+, fe2+ and zn2+ are also stimulatory, but not ca2+. maxima ... | 2004 | 15068371 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of organophosphorus insecticide hydrolase gene from arthrobacter sp. strain b-5. | the organophosphorus insecticide hydrolase (oph) gene of arthrobacter sp. strain b-5, isolated from turf green soil was cloned into escherichia coli jm109. three clones, termed epb511, epb521 and epb531, exhibiting oph activity were obtained. however, these three clones showed lower op-degrading ability than strain b-5. a 7.7-kb inserted fragment of the plasmid pb521 harbored by epb521 was subcloned, resulting in construction of a plasmid, pb526, carrying the 2.6-kb inserted fragment with op-deg ... | 1999 | 16232510 |
| hypothesis: structures, evolution, and ancestor of glucose kinases in the hexokinase family. | glucose kinase, which we tentatively use in this review, represents the enzymes catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose and other hexoses by means of phosphoryl donors (atp, adp, and inorganic polyphosphate [poly(p)]). except for glucose kinases utilizing adp, all other glucose kinases belong to the hexokinase (hk) family and are classified into three groups based on primary structural information, i.e., groups hk, a, and b. the structural and evolutionary relationships of glucose kinases belo ... | 2005 | 16233797 |
| biodegradation of naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid present in tannery wastewater by bacterial isolates arthrobacter sp. 2ac and comamonas sp. 4bc. | two bacterial strains, 2ac and 4bc, both capable of utilizing naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid (2-nsa) as a sole source of carbon, were isolated from activated sludges previously exposed to tannery wastewater. enrichments were carried out in mineral salt medium (msm) with 2-nsa as the sole carbon source. 16s rdna sequencing analysis indicated that 2ac is an arthrobacter sp. and 4bc is a comamonas sp. within 33 h, both isolates degraded 100% of 2-nsa in msm and also 2-nsa in non-sterile tannery wastew ... | 2005 | 15865148 |
| effects of site and plant species on rhizosphere community structure as revealed by molecular analysis of microbial guilds. | the bacterial and fungal rhizosphere communities of strawberry (fragaria ananassa duch.) and oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) were analysed using molecular fingerprints. we aimed to determine to what extent the structure of different microbial groups in the rhizosphere is influenced by plant species and sampling site. total community dna was extracted from bulk and rhizosphere soil taken from three sites in germany in two consecutive years. bacterial, fungal and group-specific (alphaproteobacter ... | 2006 | 16629753 |
| mineralization of carbofuran by a soil bacterium. | a bacterium, tentatively identified as an arthrobacter sp., was isolated from flooded soil that was incubated at 35 degrees c and repeatedly treated with carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl n-methylcarbamate). this bacterium exhibited an exceptional capacity to completely mineralize the ring-labeled c in carbofuran to co(2) within 72 to 120 h in a mineral salts medium as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen under aerobic conditions. mineralization was more rapid at 35 degrees c t ... | 1988 | 16347722 |
| xylose utilization and short-chain fatty acid production by selected components of the intestinal microflora of a rodent pollinator (aethomys namaquensis). | namaqua rock mice (aethomys namaquensis) consume nectar xylose when visiting protea flowers. whole-animal metabolism studies suggest that the gastrointestinal microflora plays an important role in xylose metabolism in a. namaquensis. we collected caecal contents under anaerobic conditions, cultured caecal microflora both aerobically and anaerobically, and assessed caecal microbial xylose utilization using a (14)c-xylose incubation assay. all four mice sampled hosted culturable caecal micro-organ ... | 2006 | 16676189 |
| microbial production of optically active beta-phenylalanine ethyl ester through stereoselective hydrolysis of racemic beta-phenylalanine ethyl ester. | the ability to produce (r)- or (s)-beta-phenylalanine ethyl ester (3-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid ethyl ester, bpae) from racemic bpae through stereoselective hydrolysis was screened for in bpae-assimilating microorganisms. sphingobacterium sp. 238c5 and arthrobacter sp. 219d2 were found to be potential catalysts for (r)- and (s)-bpae production, respectively. on a 24-h reaction, with 2.5% (w/v) racemic bpae (130 mm) as the substrate and wet cells of sphingobacterium sp. 238c5 as the catalyst, 1 ... | 2006 | 16170530 |
| cold-active beta-galactosidase from arthrobacter sp. c2-2 forms compact 660 kda hexamers: crystal structure at 1.9a resolution. | the x-ray structure of cold-active beta-galactosidase (isoenzyme c-2-2-1) from an antarctic bacterium arthrobacter sp. c2-2 was solved at 1.9a resolution. the enzyme forms 660 kda hexamers with active sites opened to the central cavity of the hexamer and connected by eight channels with exterior solvent. to our best knowledge, this is the first cold-active beta-galactosidase with known structure and also the first known beta-galactosidase structure in the form of compact hexamers. the hexamer or ... | 2005 | 16171818 |
| degradation of phenol and toxicity of phenolic compounds: a comparison of cold-tolerant arthrobacter sp. and mesophilic pseudomonas putida. | phenol degradation efficiency of cold-tolerant arthrobacter sp. ag31 and mesophilic pseudomonas putida dsm6414 was compared. the cold-tolerant strain was cultivated at 10 degrees c, while the mesophile was grown at 25 degrees c. both strains degraded 200 mg and 400 mg phenol/l within 48-72 h of cultivation, but the cold-tolerant strain produced more biomass than the mesophile. both strains oxidized catechol by the ortho type of ring fission. catechol 1,2 dioxygenase (c1,2d) activity was found in ... | 2004 | 14872323 |
| formation and identification of interfacial-active glycolipids from resting microbial cells. | resting cells of arthrobacter sp. strain dsm2567 incubated in the presence of various mono-, di-, or trisaccharides biosynthesized different glycolipids. all eight glycolipids, containing the corresponding carbohydrate moiety and one, two, or three alpha-branched beta-hydroxy fatty acids, were produced when mannose, glucose, cellobiose, maltose, and maltotriose were used as carbon sources in a simple phosphate buffer. the structures of the compounds were elucidated by means of h and c nuclear ma ... | 1984 | 16346628 |
| molecular cloning of the gene encoding the di-d-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3' dianhydride hydrolysis enzyme (dfa iiiase) from arthrobacter sp. h65-7. | the gene encoding an intracellular enzyme hydrolyzing di-d-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3' dianhydride (dfa iii) (dfa iiiase) was cloned from the genomic dna of arthrobacter sp. h65-7 for the first time. the single open reading frame (orf) of the dfa iiiase gene consisted of 1368-bp encoding 455 amino acids. dfa iiiase showed a phylogenetically distinct position from other inulin-degrading enzymes and showed similarity only with inulin fructotransferases (depolymerizing) (inulase ii, ec 2.4.1.93) from ... | 2003 | 16233453 |
| fluorinated phenylcyclopropylamines. 2. effects of aromatic ring substitution and of absolute configuration on inhibition of microbial tyramine oxidase. | a series of para-substituted diastereopure cis- and trans-2-fluoro-2-arylcyclopropylamines were synthesized and these were investigated as inhibitors of microbial tyramine oxidase from arthrobacter sp. all compounds were shown to be competitive inhibitors of this enzyme. the nature of the para-substituents in the more potent trans-isomer (cis-relationship between fluorine and the amino group) of 2-fluoro-2-arylcyclopropylamine influenced the inhibitory potency in a consistent fashion. thus, elec ... | 2004 | 15537343 |
| arthrobacter sp. lipase immobilization for improvement in stability and enantioselectivity. | arthrobacter sp. lipase (abl, mtcc no. 5125) is being recognized as an efficient enzyme for the resolution of drugs and their intermediates. the immobilization of abl on various matrices for its enantioselectivity, stability, and reusability has been studied. immobilization by covalent bonding on sepharose and silica afforded a maximum of 380 and 40 iu/g activity, respectively, whereas sol-gel entrapment provided a maximum of 150 iu/g activity in dry powder. the immobilized enzyme displayed exce ... | 2006 | 16896604 |
| genetic diversity of dioxygenase genes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria isolated from mangrove sediments. | to investigate the diversity of dioxygenase genes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-degradation, a total of 32 bacterial strains were isolated from surface mangrove sediments, from the genera mycobacterium, sphingomonas, terrabacter, sphingopyxis, sphingobium and rhodococcus. two sets of pcr primers were constructed to detect the nida-like and nahac-like sequences of the alpha subunit of the pah ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase. pcr amplified the dna fragments from all gram-positiv ... | 2006 | 16923069 |
| oxidative pathway from squalene to geranylacetone in arthrobacter sp. strain y-11. | the reaction pathway from squalene to trans-geranylacetone in arthrobacter sp. strain y-11 was studied. the enzyme or enzymes catalyzing squalene degradation were found to be membrane bound. stoichiometric analysis of a cell-free system revealed that the ratio of squalene to trans-geranylacetone changed from 1:2 to 1:1 as the reaction proceeded, indicating two steps in geranylacetone formation. the initial step was found to be oxygenase catalyzed, from the absolute requirement for molecular oxyg ... | 1988 | 16347551 |
| changes of bacterial diversity and main flora in chilled pork during storage using pcr-dgge. | this study was designed to explore the bacterial diversity and the main flora in chilled pork by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). longissimus muscle was removed from pork carcasses at 24 h postmortem. the muscle was tray- and vacuum-packaged at 4 degrees c for 2, 4, 7 days to extract the bacteria total dna, respectively. the results indicated that the bacterial diversity of chilled pork decreased with storage time regardless of packaging method. nine ... | 2006 | 16943058 |
| degradation of the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate by arthrobacter atrocyaneus atcc 13752. | of nine authentic arthrobacter strains tested, only a. atrocyaneus atcc 13752 was capable of using the herbicide glyphosate [n-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] as its sole source of phosphorus. contrary to the previously isolated arthrobacter sp. strain glp-1, which degrades glyphosate via sarcosine, a. atrocyaneus metabolized glyphosate to aminomethylphosphonic acid. the carbon of aminomethylphosphonic acid was entirely converted to co(2). this is the first report on glyphosate degradation by a bacter ... | 1988 | 16347639 |
| the x-ray structure of the haloalcohol dehalogenase hhea from arthrobacter sp. strain ad2: insight into enantioselectivity and halide binding in the haloalcohol dehalogenase family. | haloalcohol dehalogenases are bacterial enzymes that cleave the carbon-halogen bond in short aliphatic vicinal haloalcohols, like 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol, some of which are recalcitrant environmental pollutants. they use a conserved ser-tyr-arg catalytic triad to deprotonate the haloalcohol oxygen, which attacks the halogen-bearing carbon atom, producing an epoxide and a halide ion. here, we present the x-ray structure of the haloalcohol dehalogenase hhea(ad2) from arthrobacter sp. strain ad2 a ... | 2006 | 16707696 |
| surface microflora of four smear-ripened cheeses. | the microbial composition of smear-ripened cheeses is not very clear. a total of 194 bacterial isolates and 187 yeast isolates from the surfaces of four irish farmhouse smear-ripened cheeses were identified at the midpoint of ripening using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), repetitive sequence-based pcr, and 16s rrna gene sequencing for identifying and typing the bacteria and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mitochondrial dna restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtdna rflp ... | 2005 | 16269673 |
| cultivation-independent examination of horizontal transfer and host range of an incp-1 plasmid among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria indigenous to the barley rhizosphere. | the host range and transfer frequency of an incp-1 plasmid (pkjk10) among indigenous bacteria in the barley rhizosphere was investigated. a new flow cytometry-based cultivation-independent method for enumeration and sorting of transconjugants for subsequent 16s rrna gene classification was used. indigenous transconjugant rhizosphere bacteria were collected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and identified by cloning and sequencing of 16s rrna genes from the sorted cells. the host range of th ... | 2006 | 17021220 |
| contribution of ethylamine degrading bacteria to atrazine degradation in soils. | bacterial communities that cooperatively degrade atrazine commonly consist of diverse species in which the genes for atrazine dechlorination and dealkylation are variously distributed among different species. normally, the first step in degradation of atrazine involves dechlorination mediated by atza, followed by stepwise dealkylation to yield either n-ethylammelide or n-isopropylammelide. as the liberated alkylamine moieties are constituents of many organic molecules other than atrazine, it is ... | 2006 | 17064268 |
| crystallization and x-ray diffraction analysis of 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase from arthrobacter sp. ki72. | 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase (ei) from arthrobacter sp. ki72 was expressed in escherichia coli and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. ei was crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method with sodium citrate as precipitant in imidazole buffer ph 8.0. the crystal is hexagonal, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 130.75, c = 58.23 a. diffraction data were collected from native and mercury(ii) dichloride-derivative crystals to resolutions of 1.90 and 2.06 a, respectively. | 2006 | 17142898 |
| [purification and characteristics of creatininase from arthrobacter sp]. | a creatininase produced from a arthrobacter sp. was purified 145-fold by a series of steps including heat treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. the specific activity of the pure enzyme was 209u/mg. the subunit molecular mass of creatininase was estimated to be 33 700d by sds-page. the creatininase was stable in the ph range between 6.0 - 9.0 and below 60 degrees c . its km value for creatinine was estimated to be 21.14 mmol/l. the ... | 2005 | 16013484 |
| characterization of microbial contamination in united states air force aviation fuel tanks. | bacteria and fungi, isolated from united states air force (usaf) aviation fuel samples, were identified by gas chromatograph fatty acid methyl ester (gc-fame) profiling and 16s or 18s rrna gene sequencing. thirty-six samples from 11 geographically separated usaf bases were collected. at each base, an above-ground storage tank, a refueling truck, and an aircraft wing tank were sampled at the lowest sample point, or sump, to investigate microbial diversity and dispersion within the fuel distributi ... | 2006 | 16328508 |
| relationship between transport of bacteria and their clogging efficiency in sand columns. | in an earlier article, we reported that, under conditions in which neither exopolymers nor bacterial mats were produced, arthrobacter sp. strain ak19 was an effective plugging agent in sand columns, whereas the bacterial strain sli had no significant effect on the permeability of the medium. a laboratory experiment with sand columns was carried out to elucidate the causes of this difference in behavior. measured values of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sand were explained in terms o ... | 1992 | 16348753 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from arthrobacter sp. | endo-1,3-beta-glucanases hydrolyze internal 1,3-beta-glucosyl linkages. the endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from arthrobacter sp. was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystals belonged to space group p4(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 71.31, c = 60.07 a, and contained one molecule per asymmetric unit. the matthews coefficient (vm) and the solvent content were 2.35 a3 da(-1) and 47.63%, respectively. diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 1.66 a at spring-8 usin ... | 2005 | 16508094 |
| protein engineering of a cold-active beta-galactosidase from arthrobacter sp. sb to increase lactose hydrolysis reveals new sites affecting low temperature activity. | we examined variants of an especially cold-active beta-galactosidase (bgas) to better understand features affecting enzyme activity at temperature extremes. we targeted locations corresponding to a region in the lacz enzyme previously shown to increase activity and decrease thermostability. changes in this region of bgas consistently caused the elimination or reduction of activity. a gene (bgas3) encoding a loss of function variant was subjected to random mutagenesis to restore activity and disc ... | 2006 | 16736094 |
| degradation of 4-chlorobenzoic acid by arthrobacter sp. | a mixed population, enriched and established in a defined medium, from a sewage sludge inoculum was capable of complete mineralization of 4-chlorobenzoate. an organism, identified as arthrobacter sp., was isolated from the consortium and shown to be capable of utilizing 4-chlorobenzoate as the sole carbon and energy source in pure culture. this organism (strain tm-1), dehalogenated 4-chlorobenzoate as the initial step in the degradative pathway. the product, 4-hydroxybenzoate, was further metabo ... | 1984 | 16346660 |
| production and characterization of a polymer from arthrobacter sp. | an arthrobacter sp. isolated from a glucose-sucrose agar plate was found to produce a neutral, extremely viscous, opalescent extracellular polymer. growth, polymer production, and rheological properties and chemical composition of the isolated polymer were examined. the polymer was found to be substantially different from other arthrobacter polymers. some unusual properties included irreversible loss of viscosity with high temperature and degradation of the polymer during fermentation and upon s ... | 1985 | 16346883 |
| the characteristics of rhizosphere microbes associated with plants in arsenic-contaminated soils from cattle dip sites. | soil microorganisms and plants were studied in samples of arsenic-contaminated soil from two cattle dip sites. the aim was to delineate the parameters that will determine the feasibility of future remediation by growing arsenic-accumulating plants, including the identity and characteristics of some rhizosphere soil microbes. the soil samples contained high total, but low soluble arsenic concentrations which, together with other properties, resembled the previously reported characteristics of dip ... | 2007 | 17407787 |
| [reaction of microorganisms to the digestive fluid of the earthworms]. | the reaction of soil bacteria and fungi to the digestive fluid of the earthworm aporrectodea caliginosa was studied. the fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the native enzymes of the digestive tract. the inhibition of growth of certain bacteria, spores, and fungal hyphae under the effect of extracts from the anterior and middle sections of the digestive tract of a. caliginosa was discovered for the first time. in bacteria, microcolony formation was inhibited as early as 20-30 s after the app ... | 2007 | 17410875 |
| survival and phospholipid fatty acid profiles of surface and subsurface bacteria in natural sediment microcosms. | although starvation survival has been characterized for many bacteria, few subsurface bacteria have been tested, and few if any have been tested in natural subsurface porous media. we hypothesized that subsurface bacteria may be uniquely adapted for long-term survival in situ. we further hypothesized that subsurface conditions (sediment type and moisture content) would influence microbial survival. we compared starvation survival capabilities of surface and subsurface strains of pseudomonas fluo ... | 1997 | 16535578 |
| cloning of inulin fructotransferase (dfa iii-producing) gene from arthrobacter globiformis c11-1. | a gene encoding an inulin fructotransferase (dfa iii-producing) [ec 2.4.1.93] from arthrobacter globiformis c11-1 was cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. the cloned fragment contained a 1353 bp open reading frame. the initiation codon was estimated to be an unusual codon, gtg. the gene encoded a signal peptide (40 amino acid residues) for secretion. the molecular mass of the native enzyme was calculated as 43,400 da from the sequencing data. the deduced amino acid sequence of the ... | 2000 | 16232803 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene encoding endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from arthrobacter sp. nhb-10. | the glua gene, encoding an endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from arthrobacter sp. (strain nhb-10), was cloned and analyzed. the deduced endo-beta-1,3-glucanase amino acid sequence was 750 amino acids long and contained a 42 amino acid signal peptide with a mature protein of 708 amino acids. there was no similarity to known endo-beta-1,3-glucanases, but glua was partially similar to two fungal exo-beta-1,3-glucanases in glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 55. of five possible residues for catalysis and two mo ... | 2007 | 17587693 |
| stability of microbial communities in goat milk during a lactation year: molecular approaches. | the microbial communities in milks from one herd were evaluated during 1-year of lactation, using molecular methods to evaluate their stability and the effect of breeding conditions on their composition. the diversity of microbial communities was measured using two approaches: molecular identification by 16s and 18s rdna sequencing of isolates from counting media (two milks), and direct identification using 16s rdna from clone libraries (six milks). the stability of these communities was evaluat ... | 2007 | 17604934 |
| purification and characterization of benzonitrilases from arthrobacter sp. strain j-1. | we found two kinds of benzonitrilases, designated benzonitrilases a and b, in a cell extract of arthrobacter sp. strain j-1 grown on benzonitrile as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. benzonitrilases a and b were purified approximately 409-fold and 38-fold, respectively. purified benzonitrilase a appeared to be homogeneous according to the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. both the enzymes hydrolyzed benzonitrile to benzoic acid and ammonia without forming benzamide as an intermedi ... | 1986 | 16346987 |
| uptake of glyphosate by an arthrobacter sp. | the uptake of glyphosate (n-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) by an arthrobacter sp. which can utilize this herbicide as its sole source of phosphorus was investigated. orthophosphate suppressed the expression of the uptake system for glyphosate and also competed with glyphosate for uptake. the k(m) for glyphosate uptake was 125 mum, and the k(i) for orthophosphate was 24 mum. organophosphonates as well as organophosphates inhibited glyphosate uptake, but only organophosphates and orthophosphate suppres ... | 1987 | 16347356 |
| application of thermoalkalophilic xylanase from arthrobacter sp. mtcc 5214 in biobleaching of kraft pulp. | a thermoalkalophilic and cellulase-free xylanase produced from arthrobacter sp. mtcc 5214 by solid-state fermentation using wheat bran as a carbon source was evaluated for prebleaching of kraft pulp. the uv absorption spectrum of the compounds released by enzyme treatment showed a characteristic peak at 280 nm, indicating the presence of lignin in the released colouring matter. enzymatic prebleaching of kraft pulp showed 20% reduction in kappa number of the pulp without much change in viscosity. ... | 2007 | 16617015 |
| a single monooxygenase, ese, is involved in the metabolism of the organochlorides endosulfan and endosulfate in an arthrobacter sp. | in this paper we describe isolation of a bacterium capable of degrading both isomers of the organochloride insecticide endosulfan and its toxic metabolite, endosulfate. the bacterium was isolated from a soil microbial population that was enriched with continuous pressure to use endosulfate as the sole source of sulfur. analysis of the 16s rrna sequence of the bacterium indicated that it was an arthrobacter species. the organochloride-degrading activity was not observed in the presence of sodium ... | 2006 | 16672499 |
| characterization of bacterial isolates from industrial wastewater according to probable modes of hexadecane uptake. | bacterial isolates from industrial wastewater were characterized according to probable modes of hexadecane uptake based on data for cell surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying activity, glycoside content and surface tension of cell-free culture medium. the results obtained suggested that both modes of biosurfactant-enhanced hexadecane uptake by bacterial strains take place, direct uptake and alkane transfer. the increase in cell surface hydrophobicity and glycoside production by the strains suggest ... | 2008 | 16962302 |
| plantibacter auratus sp. nov., in the family microbacteriaceae. | strain ncimb 9991(t) is a gram-positive, short rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterium, with a high dna g+c content, and was originally deposited in 1967 as arthrobacter sp. the bacterium is aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies demonstrated that this strain was highly related genealogically to plantibacter flavus dsm 14012(t). strain iam 14817(t) (=ncimb 9991(t)) has the following characteristics: the predominant menaquinones ar ... | 2006 | 17012557 |
| secrets of soil survival revealed by the genome sequence of arthrobacter aurescens tc1. | arthrobacter sp. strains are among the most frequently isolated, indigenous, aerobic bacterial genera found in soils. member of the genus are metabolically and ecologically diverse and have the ability to survive in environmentally harsh conditions for extended periods of time. the genome of arthrobacter aurescens strain tc1, which was originally isolated from soil at an atrazine spill site, is composed of a single 4,597,686 basepair (bp) circular chromosome and two circular plasmids, ptc1 and p ... | 2006 | 17194220 |
| amperometric biosensor for the determination of creatine. | an amperometric biosensor for the determination of creatine was developed. the carbon rod electrode surface was coated with sarcosine oxidase (sox) and creatine amidinohydrolase by cross-linking under glutaraldehyde vapour. the sox from arthrobacter sp. 1-1 n was purified and previously used for creation of a creatine biosensor. the natural sox electron acceptor, oxygen, was replaced by an [fe(cn)(6)](3-) /[ fe(cn)(6)](4-) redox mediating system, which allowed amperometric detection of an analyt ... | 2007 | 17221239 |
| adhesion of an amylolytic arthrobacter sp. to starch-containing plastic films. | cells of the amylolytic bacterium kb-1 (thought to be an arthrobacter sp.) adhered ( approximately 70%) to the surface of plastic films composed of starch-poly (methylacrylate) graft copolymer (starch-pma), but did not adhere (<10%) to films composed of polymethylacrylate (pma), polyethylene (pe), carboxymethyl cellulose, or a mixture of pe plus poly (ethylene-coacrylic acid) (eaa), starch plus pe, or starch plus pe and eaa. about 30% of the cells adhered to gelatinized insoluble starch. dithiot ... | 1990 | 16348173 |