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an in vitro model for adhesion of bacteria to human tooth root surfaces.a model mimicking bacterial colonization of dentine has been developed. it employs uniform particles of pulverized human tooth root tissue incubated with radioactively labelled bacteria. after incubation, the number of attaching bacteria is quantified. attachment of streptococcus mutans ua140, actinomyces viscosus t14, and lactobacillus casei 101 was found to be time dependent and complete within 1-3 h. dissociation constants (kd) of the interactions equalled 2.5 x 10(8) and 1.6 x 10(8) cells/ml ...19948185501
cellular fatty acid composition and phenotypic and cultural characterization of cdc fermentative coryneform groups 3 and 5.seventy strains of fermentative, asporogenous, gram-positive coccobacilli or short rods form two closely related groups which have been designated cdc fermentative coryneform groups 3 (32 strains, xylose fermenters) and 5 (38 strains, xylose nonfermenters). the two taxa are otherwise similar to each other phenotypically and culturally and by a distinctive staphylococcus-like odor and by cellular fatty acid (cfa) composition. cdc group 3 and cdc group 5 strains have been isolated from clinical so ...19948051247
antibacterial activity of dentinal bonding agents.the susceptibility of five bacterial species to seven dentinal bonding agents was examined in vitro. agar diffusion tests using filterpaper disks containing 10 microl each of conditioner, primer, or resin were performed on blood agar and mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. chlorhexidine (0.2%) was used as a positive control. after incubation, zones of inhibited bacterial growth were measured. of all the compounds tested, gluma cleanser and gluma etchant showed the strongest growth inhibition for a ...19938210322
interaction of the salivary glycoprotein ep-gp with the bacterium streptococcus salivarius hb.the interaction of the human salivary glycoprotein ep-gp with a number of oral bacterial species, following incubation with human whole saliva, has been investigated. ep-gp could be detected with a specific monoclonal antibody, by means of elisa or by electrophoresis in combination with western transfer. the results indicated that ep-gp is bound only by streptococcus salivarius, and not by the other tested strains of bacteria, actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomi ...19938254122
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against bacterial lectin of eikenella corrodens.a lectin-like substance (ecls) was purified from the eikenella corrodens 1073 cell and monoclonal antibodies were produced against it to confirm the role of ecls in adhesive properties of e. corrodens such as hemagglutination and coaggregation with oral bacteria. four hybridoma clones were selected. two of the antibodies were of the igg1 isotype and the others were of the igg2b isotype. these monoclonal antibodies inhibited both the hemagglutination of e. corrodens and the coaggregation with act ...19938254457
actinomyces species associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices and pelvic inflammatory disease.swabs from 112 removed intrauterine contraceptive devices (iucd), endocervical swabs from these women and from 65 women with pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) were studied for actinomyces, using direct fluorescent antibody test and culture. endocervical swabs from 50 control subjects were also studied. actinomyces species could be detected in 23 (20.5 percent) of iucd wearers and 8 (12.3 percent) of patients with pid. in control cases, no actinomyces were detected. the isolation rate using a sel ...19938300169
correlation between thermal sensitivity and microorganisms isolated from deep carious dentin.the correlation between thermal sensitivity and the microorganisms present in 29 deep carious lesions was studied. the numbers of lactobacilli and total gram-positive rods in the carious lesions were found to be negatively related to the length of pain triggered by cold and heat stimulants. the presence of gram-positive cocci and non-black-pigmented bacteroides were positively associated with both cold and heat sensitivities. black-pigmented bacteroides, streptococcus mutans, and total anaerobic ...19938289023
the effect of arginine on glycolysis by streptococcus mutans and actinomyces viscosus. 19938359461
in vitro demineralization by strains of actinomyces viscosus and streptococcus sobrinus of sound and demineralized root surfaces.root sections were inoculated with one of two strains of actinomyces viscosus or a strain of streptococcus sobrinus and then incubated for 9 days in trypticase soy broth (tsb) containing 0.25% glucose or tsb supplemented with 0.25% sucrose (tsb+s). lesion progression was measured from microradiographs. one section from each group was examined with a transmission electron microscope. lesion progression was associated with a fall in the ph of the medium. however, lesion progression was not correla ...19938360359
characterization of actinomyces with genomic dna fingerprints and rrna gene probes.cellular dna from 25 actinomyces naeslundii and actinomyces viscosus strains belonging to the 7 taxonomic clusters of fillery et al. (1978) and several unclustered strains was obtained by enzymatic and n-lauroylsarcosine/guanidine isothiocyanate treatment of whole cells, followed by extraction of the nucleic acid. the dna samples were digested with restriction endonucleases bamhi or pvuii, and agarose gel electrophoresis was used to obtain dna fingerprints. the dna fragments were subjected to so ...19938360358
effect of longovital treatment on development of periodontal disease in rats.longovital is a herbal tablet with documented immunostimulatory effects in man. in the present study the effect of longovital on development of periodontal disease was investigated in a rat model. fifty-four conventional rats, 5 wk old, were distributed into the following groups: a) untreated, uninfected; b) untreated, infected with actinomyces viscosus and porphyromonas gingivalis wk 8; c) treated with longovital 80 mg x 3/wk, wk 5-14, uninfected; d) treated with longovital 80 mg x 3/wk, wk 5-1 ...19938382835
effect of co-aggregation on the pathogenicity of oral bacteria.the pathogenicity of oral bacteria was studied by measuring the development of subcutaneous abscesses in mice after infection with actinomyces viscosus and streptococcus mitis either singly or as co-aggregated pairs. heat-treated cells were also tested. the pathogenicity of the co-aggregates was examined in various viable and heat-treated combinations of the two bacterial species. more abscesses were formed by a. viscosus than s. mitis at all the bacterial concentrations tested. also, abscess fo ...19938366516
glucose stimulates camp accumulation in the oral bacterium actinomyces viscosus.actinomyces viscosus t14v, a gram-positive bacterium found in the oral cavity, was found to be insensitive to glucose-mediated catabolite repression. basal levels of beta-galactosidase (18-26 u) were observed at all phases of growth regardless of the culture conditions. further, beta-galactosidase could not be induced with lactose, or with a known inducer of the enzyme, isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside, or with dibutyryl camp. glucose, on the other hand, stimulated camp accumulation in a concent ...19938395889
complete nucleotide sequence of the actinomyces viscosus t14v sialidase gene: presence of a conserved repeating sequence among strains of actinomyces spp.the nucleotide sequence of the actinomyces viscosus t14v sialidase gene (nanh) and flanking regions was determined. an open reading frame of 2,703 nucleotides that encodes a predominately hydrophobic protein of 901 amino acids (m(r), 92,871) was identified. the amino acid sequence at the amino terminus of the predicted protein exhibited properties characteristic of a typical leader peptide. five 12-amino-acid units that shared between 33 and 67% sequence identity were noted within the central do ...19938418033
adhesion of actinomyces isolates to experimental pellicles.the ability of oral bacteria to adhere to surfaces is associated with their pathogenicity. actinomyces can adhere to pellicle and cells through extracellular fimbriae. research on adhesion of actinomyces has been conducted with use of hydroxyapatite (ha) coated with mammalian-derived salivary constituents, whereas the bacterial-derived components of the acquired pellicle have been largely ignored. the influence of the cell-free bacterial enzyme, glucosyltransferase (gtf), on adhesion of human an ...19938496474
coaggregation of prevotella intermedia with oral actinomyces species.five strains of prevotella intermedia were examined for their ability to coaggregate with various gram-positive and gram-negative species of oral bacteria. two of the p. intermedia strains coaggregated with selected actinomyces species, p. intermedia 27 with actinomyces viscosus t14v and actinomyces naeslundii atcc 12104, pk606, pk984, and pk947, and p. intermedia 113 with actinomyces odontolyticus wvu 1546 and actinomyces israelii wvu 838. exposure of both prevotella strains but not the actinom ...19938478088
simultaneous caries induction and calculus formation in rats.weanling specific pathogen-free osborne-mendel rats were fed a high-calcium, high-phosphorus diet with various levels of sucrose and inoculated with streptococcus sobrinus strain 6715-13wt and actinomyces viscosus strain omz-105 in order to determine whether calculus and caries could develop simultaneously. rats consumed diets designated rc-16-5, rc-16-25, or rc-16-50 which partially replaced the corn starch component with progressively higher levels of sucrose, thus, to 5, 25, or 50% sucrose. i ...19938501282
[a case of chronic actinomycosis in a carcinomatous lesion].a gram positive, catalase-positive actinomyces viscosus strain has been isolated from cervicofascial carcinomatous lesion. identification of this human strain of actinomyces viscosus was carried out with biochemical tests. tests for catalase, indole, nitrate reduction, methyl red reaction acetoin (vp) and gelatin hydrolysis were done by the procedure recommended by the technique described by grencser and slack. carbohydrate fermentation tests were done with three basal media: actinomyces ferment ...19938502184
sensitisation of cariogenic bacteria to killing by light from a helium-neon laser.suspensions of the cariogenic bacteria streptococcus mutans, s. sobrinus, lactobacillus casei and actinomyces viscosus were exposed to light from a 7.3-mw helium-neon laser in the presence of toluidine blue o. a substantial killing rate (c. 10(6) cfu) of all four species was achieved with a dye concentration of 50 micrograms/ml and a light energy dose of 33.6 j/cm2. this was achieved in 60 s, an exposure time that is clinically acceptable. exposure to laser light in the absence of the dye did no ...19938510132
induction of inflammatory cytokines by a soluble moiety prepared from an enzyme lysate of actinomyces viscosus cell walls.a carbohydrate-rich and immunobiologically active component, m1av, was prepared from an m-1 endo-n-acetylmuramidase digest of cell walls of actinomyces viscosus atcc 19246 by cm sephadex c-25 and sephadex g-100 chromatography. m1av stimulated thioglycolate-induced peritoneal macrophages from c3h/hen and c3h/hej mice to release cell-free tumour necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin (il)-6, and a cell-associated thymocyte activating factor, probably il-1. an intravenous (i.v.) injection of m1av in ...19938510131
dental plaque development on defined streptococcal surfaces.coaggregations between bacterial species have been widely studied in vitro but not in the mouth. a new in vivo assay was used to measure the rate and composition of indigenous plaque formation onto bovine enamel chips covered with a continuous layer of bacteria. chips were covered with streptococcus oralis atcc 10557, which coaggregated with many oral species, or streptococcus gordonii s7, which did not coaggregate with these oral species, and placed in the mouth for 4 and 24 h. there were no di ...19938510979
experimental root surface caries in hamsters the development of the disease after inoculations of two types of cariogenic bacteria.the aim of this study was to investigate the development of root surface caries in hamsters fed a high-sucrose diet over a 24-week period after inoculations of two types of cariogenic bacteria. twenty-one day old male golden hamsters (n = 103) were divided into 5 groups. four groups were given diet 2000, and one group was given a stock diet ce-2, of the groups given diet 2000, three groups were infected with actinomyces viscosus atcc 15987 and streptococcus mutans ntcc 10449 separately (av and s ...19958556786
synergistic, growth-inhibitory effects of chlorhexidine and copper combinations on streptococcus mutans, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii.the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether chlorhexidine combined with copper would exert a synergistic, growth-inhibitory effect against selected oral bacteria. actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces naeslundii, and streptococcus mutans were all susceptible to chlorhexidine individually, with s. mutans displaying the highest sensitivity. much higher concentrations of copper were needed to achieve growth inhibition of the micro-organisms tested. determination of minimum inhibitory con ...19938423250
comparison of the distribution of actinomyces in dental plaque on inserted enamel and natural tooth surfaces in periodontal health and disease.the distribution of actinomyces naeslundii, actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces odontolyticus in healthy and diseased adult populations was studied in 3 different ways. first, supragingival plaque formation at 2 through 72 h was examined in 12 periodontally healthy adults using a removable pre-measured surface of enamel bonded to molars and premolars. second, a cross-sectional examination of the composition of both supragingival and subgingival plaque of unknown age was conducted in 205 adults ...19938510984
the effect of various fluoride compounds on the development of experimental root surface caries in hamsters.the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of topical applications of various fluoride compounds on the development of root surface caries in hamsters. male golden hamsters (n = 115) were divided into 7 groups and were given a caries-promoting diet. six groups were infected with actinomyces viscosus atcc 15987; and to 5 infected groups, distilled water (dw) and solutions containing 500 ppmf of acidulated-phosphate fluoride (apf), stannous fluoride (snf2), copper fluoride (cuf2), an ...19958556785
cervicofacial actinomyces viscosus infection in a brazilian fila: a case report and literature review.a five-month-old, male brazilian fila presented with a three-day history of a focal swelling in the left superior palpebra and a focal, subcutaneous swelling over the dorsal cervical region. both lesions initially responded to warm compresses and a two-week course of oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy. the eyelid swelling recurred after discontinuation of the oral antibiotic therapy. the lesion was progressive and was refractory to trimethoprim-sulfadiazine therapy. culture and sensitivity ...19958581545
construction and preliminary characterization of three hemagglutinin mutants of porphyromonas gingivalis.targeted insertional mutagenesis was used to construct haga, hagb, and hagc hemagglutinin mutants of porphyromonas gingivalis. pjrd215-derived plasmids containing teta(q)2 and portions of the targeted genes were conjugated into p. gingivalis. interruption of the three loci was confirmed by southern hybridization, sequencing, reverse transcription-pcr, and microtiter hemagglutination assays. no significant differences in hydrophobicity or coadherence to actinomyces viscosus were detected between ...19968606121
microbial induction of dentinal caries in human teeth in vitro.the ability of lactobacillus casei, streptococcus sobrinus, actinomyces viscosus, and streptococcus salivarius to induce dental caries was determined in vitro. a class i cavity (depth: 2mm) was prepared in extracted human caries-free premolars to make dentin blocks. the blocks were inoculated with these four bacterial strains in a monoinfective fashion and were incubated under anaerobic conditions. in addition to the monoinfection groups, mixed-infection groups of l. casei with s. sobrinus or a. ...19958601764
cell envelope and cell wall immunization of macaca fascicularis: effect on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis.the nonhuman primate, macaca fascicularis, was used to study the role of immunization with selected members of the periodontopathic microbiota in the longitudinal progression of ligature-induced periodontitis. animals were immunized with cell envelope antigens prepared from porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia, and a mixture prepared from fusobacterium nucleatum, campylobacter rectus, and actinomyces viscosus. serum immunoglobulin g (igg), igm and iga isotype antibodies increased s ...19958602339
inhibition of adherence of actinomyces naeslundii (actinomyces viscosus) t14v-j1 to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite by a monoclonal antibody to type 1 fimbriae.a monoclonal antibody to actinomyces naeslundii (a. viscosus) t14v-j1 type 1 fimbriae, capable of inhibiting the adherence of this bacterium to salivary proline-rich protein-treated hydroxyapatite, was generated by immunization of swr mice with a. naeslundii 55-19, a strain derived from t14v-j1 that possess only type 1 fimbriae. supernatants of hybridomas were screened for reactivity with purified type 1 fimbriae. an igg monoclonal antibody, 86-49e, blocked the adsorption of the parent strain to ...19968604255
enhanced bactericidal activity of arm and hammer dental care.to compare and contrast antibacterial activities of a baking soda-containing dentifrice, arm and hammer dental care (ahdc) with two fluoride dentifrices without baking soda (crest and colgate).19958695008
salivacin 140, a novel bacteriocin from lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius t140 active against pathogenic bacteria.fifteen of 353 environmental isolates of lactic acid bacteria consistently showed activity against listeria monocytogenes, streptococcus mutans, actinomyces viscosus, and/or propionibacterium acnes. strain t140, isolated from the surface of japanese pampas grass leaves and identified as lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius, also had activity against several lactobacillus species, staphylococcus aureus and yersinia enterocolitica. since the antagonistic factor(s) produced by t140 was sensit ...19968695066
oral bacterial attachment to titanium surfaces: a scanning electron microscopy study.despite the wide use of dental implants, the understanding of the mechanism(s) of bacterial attachment to implant surfaces and of the factors that affect such attachment is limited. in this study, the attachment of oral bacteria--including streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and porphyromonas gingivalis--to titanium (ti) discs with different surface morphology (smooth, grooved, or rough) was examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem). the most bacterial attachment was observed on th ...19958699514
effects of actinomyces amphiphile on the fluidity of endothelial cells: a spin label study.actinomyces amphiphile (aca) is an amphipathic molecule produced by actinomyces viscosus that exhibits several biological activities. the effect of aca on the fluidity and permeability of the plasma membrane in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was analyzed by a spin label method with 5- and 16-stearic acid nitroxide labels (sal). these labels help to visualize the fluidity at the shallow (5-sal) and deep (16-sal) portions of the lipid bilayer. cells were incubated with and without aca (con ...19968708128
[adherent mechanism of the mutans of actinomyces viscosus t14v].three mutans of actionmyces viscous t14v lacking type1 (5951), type 2 (5519) and both types of fimbriae (147) were selected in this study. we compared the ability of their adsorption to the test-tube wall, the result of the cellular coaggregation between these mutant strains and streptococcus sanguis 34, streptococcus sanguis black bova, streptococcus mutans ingbritte, streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and analysed the chemical characterization of cell walls of the three mutans. we found that the spec ...19958762533
serum antibodies to commensal oral and gut bacteria vary with age.this study examined the relationship between serum antibody levels to selected bacteria from the commensal oral and gut flora with increased age in a healthy adult population. a total of 116 healthy subjects were studied consisting of the following age groups: 20-39 years (group a), 40-59 years (group b), 60-79 years (group c) and 80+ years (group d). only significantly lower mean igm antibody levels to streptococcus mutans strain guy's serotype c were observed in older age groups (p < 0.001). w ...19968871114
compounds from syzygium aromaticum possessing growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogens.a crude meoh extract of syzygium aromaticum (clove) exhibited preferential growth-inhibitory activity against gram-negative anaerobic periodontal oral pathogens, including porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia. by means of bioassay-directed chromatographic fractionation, eight active compounds were isolated from this extract and were identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone 8-c-beta-d-glucopyranoside, biflorin, kaempferol, rhamnocitrin, myricetin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and ...19968904847
a flexible model for the cell wall polysaccharide of streptococcus mitis j22 determined by three-dimensional 13c edited nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy and 13c-1h long-range coupling constants combined with molecular modeling.we report on the conformation of a tetrasaccharide fragment in the repeating subunit of the cell wall polysaccharide of streptococcus mitis j22, a receptor for the lectin of actinomyces viscosus t14v in a bacterial coaggregation that is important in the ecological interactions of oral bacteria. although there is considerable overlap of the 1h-nmr signals, some cross peaks can be extracted from conventional two-dimensional nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (noesy) data on the polysaccharide. ...19968906970
effect of antibodies on the chain length and growth of streptococcus sobrinus.passive immunization has been suggested as a method to prevent colonization of teeth by mutans streptococci. however, the mechanism of action of antibodies, both polyclonal and monoclonal, is not clear. in this study we investigated the effect of polyclonal antibodies (pabs) and a monoclonal antibody (omvu10) on the chain length and growth of streptococcus sobrinus. during growth in broth s. sobrinus formed significantly longer chains in the presence of pabs in comparison to pre-immune serum (p ...19978955992
plaque ph and microflora of dental plaque on sound and carious root surfaces.given the hypothesis that root caries is the result of acid formation by acidogenic micro-organisms, the present study was performed to relate sucrose-induced ph response of dental plaque on root surfaces to the microbial composition of the overlying plaque. seventeen caries-active elderly chinese with poor oral hygiene and with both sound and carious root surfaces were examined. plaque ph was measured before and up to one hour after a controlled sucrose mouthrinse. plaque samples for microbiolo ...19969003238
anaerobic microorganisms in root canals of human teeth with chronic apical periodontitis detected by indirect immunofluorescence.aiming to assess the presence of selected anaerobic microorganisms in root canals of human teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. 25 central and lateral upper incisors presenting with radiographic evidence of chronic apical periodontitis were studied. the pulp chamber was opened under aseptic conditions and samples of the root canal content were collected with sterile absorbent paper points, which were placed and dispersed in test tubes containing reduced transport medium rtt. aliquots were dr ...19969028199
incorporation of antibacterial monomer mdpb into dentin primer.the polymerizable monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (mdpb) shows antibacterial activity when immobilized in a resin-based material. in this study, the antibacterial effect of a dentin primer incorporating mdpb was investigated. the influence of incorporation of mdpb on bond strength to dentin and on the curing performance of the adhesive system was also evaluated. experimental primers were prepared by addition of mdpb into a proprietary primer at 1, 2, or 5%. antibacterial effects ...19979109826
experimental model for porphyromonas gingivalis infection in animals.a virulence model suitable for studying the dynamics of porphyromonas gingivalis infection, including the pathogenicity of p. gingivalis in experimentally induced infections of multiple organs was developed using mouse and hamster. virulence of p. gingivalis strains was expressed contrastingly in subcutaneous (sc) infection in the murine abscess model (mam) and the hamsters abscess model (ham). subcutaneous infection in the mam was characterized by a gravity abscess, spreading from the primary s ...19969110052
saliva mediated adherence, aggregation and prevalence in dental plaque of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis and actinomyces spp, in young and elderly humans.salivary components in the pellicle mediate bacterial adherence to the tooth. such components may also aggregate bacteria in saliva and prevent them becoming established in dental plaque. in the present study, the adherence and aggregation of streptococcus mutans strain ingbritt, s. sanguis strain 10556 and actinomyces viscosus-strain 19246 mediated by parotid and whole saliva from groups of young and elderly people were examined. significant differences were found between test strains, salivary ...19969134102
age-related changes in salivary antibodies to commensal oral and gut biota.the prevalence of mucosally derived infections appears to increase with age, suggesting dysfunction at the mucosal surfaces. the present investigation was undertaken to examine any age-related changes in secretion rates and concentrations of secretory antibodies in whole and parotid saliva in a healthy adult population. a total of 116 subjects were subdivided into the following age groups: 20-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years and 80 years and over. specific immunoglobulin a (iga), igg and igm a ...19979151645
transfection of actinomyces spp. by genomic dna of bacteriophages from human dental plaque.bacteriophages that produced turbid or clear zones of lysis in strains of actinomyces were isolated from 22 of 124 samples of fresh human dental plaque. all human and nonhuman strains of actinomyces viscosus or actinomyces naeslundii tested in this study were sensitive to infection by one or more of these phages. in contrast, none of the actinomyces odontolyticus, actinomyces israelii, or actinomyces bovis strains tested were susceptible. results of restriction endonuclease analyses indicated th ...19979169205
inhibition of a porphyromonas gingivalis colonizing factor between actinomyces viscosus atcc 19246 by monoclonal antibodies against recombinant 40-kda outer-membrane protein.1. porphyromonas gingivalis, an important pathogen in human periodontal disease, aggregates with actinomyces viscosus atcc 19246. 2. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against purified recombinant 40-kda outer-membrane protein (r40-kda, omp) of p. gingivalis 381 inhibited its coaggregation with a. viscosus atcc 19246 in a dose-dependent manner. 3. five mab clones against r40-kda omp were selected. the isotype of the five was igg1. 4. pg-ompa2 inhibited the coaggregation of several strains of p. gingiv ...19979184801
isolation of actinomyces viscosus strain ga: characteristics of its cellular biological retardant(s).actinomyces viscosus strain ga produces an exocellular biological retardant(s) that prevents certain vegetable plants from becoming overgrown. the biological retardant(s) was assayed using the etiolated wheat coleoptile assay, and fractionation of culture supernatant fluid resulted in a partial purification of the retardant(s). the biological retardant(s) was most active around ph 7 in the bioassay and when applied to sterile soil mixture. the biological retardant(s) was tentatively identified a ...19979281860
[antimicrobial properties of flos lonicerae against oral pathogens].the antimicrobial effect of flos lonicerae on oral pathogens was studied. the results showed that 73.9% of the tested pathogens were inhibited at a concentration below 6.25mg/ml. streptococci mutants, actinomyces viscosus and bacteroides melaninogenicus were comparatively more sensitive to flos lonicerae.19969208561
caries and plaque inhibition in rats by five topically applied dentifrices.the effectiveness of 5 different brands of dentifrices on caries and plaque were tested in rats in 2 experiments. 10 litters of rats each were infected with streptococcus sobrinus omz-176 and actinomyces viscosus ny1. the rats were offered the diet 2000a containing either 40% of sucrose (study i) or 10% of sucrose (study ii). the following products were tested topically: (1) h2o, (negative control); (2) chlorhexidine diacetate, (positive control); (3) parodontax nf; (4) meridol; (5) colgate tota ...19979249193
antimicrobial compounds from ceanothus americanus against oral pathogens.during the search for antimicrobial compounds from higher plant sources, a methanol extract of ceanothus americanus demonstrated antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens. through further bioassay-guided fractionation and purification, three triterpenes (ceanothic acid, 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid) and two flavonoids (maesopsin and maesopsin-6-o-glucoside) were identified. among these, ceanothetric acid and maesopsin-6-o-glucoside were new compounds. ceanothic ac ...19979276981
enzymatic removal and disinfection of bacterial biofilms.model biofilms of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas fluorescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were made on steel and polypropylene substrata. plaque-resembling biofilms of streptococcus mutans, actinomyces viscosus, and fusobacterium nucleatum were made on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. the activity of enzymes against bacterial cells in biofilm was measured by fluorescence microscopy and an indirect conductance test in which evolution of carbon dioxide was measured. glu ...19979293025
anaerobic killing of oral streptococci by reduced, transition metal cations.reduced, transition metal cations commonly enhance oxidative damage to cells caused by hydroperoxides formed as a result of oxygen metabolism or added externally. as expected, the cations fe2+ and cu+ enhanced killing of streptococcus mutans gs-5 by hydroperoxides. however, unexpectedly, they also induced lethal damage under fully anaerobic conditions in a glove box with no exposure to o2 or hydroperoxides from initial treatment with the cations. sensitivities to anaerobic killing by fe2+ varied ...19989435058
an immunohistochemical study on the localization of porphyromonas gingivalis, campylobacter rectus and actinomyces viscosus in human periodontal pockets.the localization and distribution of porphyromonas gingivalis, campylobacter rectus and actinomyces viscosus were studied in human periodontal pockets. after obtaining voluntary consent from 9 patients, 12 teeth and their surrounding periodontal tissue with advanced adult periodontitis were extracted carefully so as not to change the structure of the periodontal pockets. the specimens were processed into serial sections. one of the sections was stained with brown & brenn-modified gram stain to o ...19979401932
clinical and microbiological effects of minocycline-loaded microcapsules in adult periodontitis.clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival delivery of 10% minocycline-loaded (mc), bioabsorbable microcapsules were examined in 15 adult periodontitis patients. patients received oral hygiene instruction 2 weeks prior to the study. at baseline (day 0) all teeth received supragingival scaling (sc); 2 quadrants received no further treatment and 1 quadrant received subgingival scaling and root planning (srp). in the fourth quadrant, the tooth with the deepest probing sites (at least 1 sit ...19979407404
lymph node abscess due to actinomyces viscosus in a cat.in a four-year-old male cat, a subcutaneous phyma about 3.5 cm in diameter was surgically removed from the left inframandibular region. histopathologically, the phyma was found to be the swollen medial retropharyngeal lymph node containing an actinomycotic abscess. the filamentous organisms in the abscess stained positively by the gram's, grocott's and periodic acid-schiff methods, and were negative by the ziehl-neelsen method. by the immunoperoxidase method, the organisms were specifically iden ...19979409531
successful treatment of primary actinomyces viscosus endocarditis with third-generation cephalosporins. 19989455552
evidence for serum immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody responses in macaca fascicularis identified by monoclonal antibodies to human igg subclasses.this investigation determined the capacity of murine monoclonal antibodies directed to human immunoglobulin g (igg) subclasses to identify molecules with conserved epitopes in the serum of the nonhuman primate, macaca fascicularis. we subsequently utilized this cross-reactivity to document the characteristics of igg subclass antibody responses in m. fascicularis to parenteral immunization with intact oral microorganisms, antigens from oral microorganisms, and finally a defined protein toxin, tet ...19979467387
characteristics of systemic antibody responses of nonhuman primates to cell envelope and cell wall antigens from periodontal pathogens.the immune response of the primate, macaca fascicularis, to cell envelope (cea) or cell wall (cwa) antigens of several periodontal pathogens was examined to develop a strategy to interfere with ligature-induced periodontitis. animals were parenterally immunized with cea of either porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia or a combination of cea/cwa of campylobacter rectus, fusobacterium nucleatum and actinomyces viscosus. serum samples were taken every 2-4 weeks over a 4-month period, whic ...19979467388
antibacterial activity of dentine primer containing mdpb after curing.a monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (mdpb) has antibacterial activity before polymerization. furthermore, the antibacterial agent is immobilized by the polymerization of mdpb and the resin-based material incorporating mdpb is able to show an antibacterial effect even after being cured. the purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of a dentine primer containing mdpb after curing.19989594480
adhesion of periodontal bacteria to titanium, and titanium alloy powders.in this study, the adhesion of radioactively labeled actinomyces viscosus (a. viscosus), actinobacillus actinomicetemcomitans (aa) and porphyromonas gingivalis (p. gingivalis) to titanium (ti) and ti-6-al-4v alloy (ti-alloy) coated with albumin or human saliva was investigated. all the tested bacteria displayed greater attachment to ti-alloy than to ti. p. gingivalis exhibited less adhesion to ti and ti-alloy than did the other bacterial strains. adhesion of a. viscosus and aa was greatly reduce ...19989663033
binding properties of streptococcal glucosyltransferases for hydroxyapatite, saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, and bacterial surfaces.the binding specificities of streptococcus glucosyltransferase (gtf) b, c and d for hydroxyapatite (ha), saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sha), and bacterial surfaces were examined. for ha beads the following values were obtained: (k = affinity; n = number of binding sites) gtfb, k = 46 x 10(5) ml/mumol, n = 0.65 x 10(-6) mumol/m2; gtfc, k = 86 x 10(5) ml/mumol, n = 4.42 x 10(-6) mumol/m2.; gtfd, k = 100 x 10(5) ml/mumol, n = 0.83 x 10(-6) mumol/m2. for sha beads, the following values were obtained ...19989602288
the efficacy of antimicrobial mouth rinses in oral health care.there is growing public recognition of the importance of oral health, as symbolized by the theme. "oral health for a healthy life" proposed for the 1994 world health day. in this report, the efficacy of antimicrobial mouth rinses, mainly listerine, was reviewed by three investigators who are working as a microbiologist, a microbiologist, a dentist, and a dental hygienist participating in oral health care. listerine, an antimicrobial mouth rinse, completely killed microorganisms in 10 to 30 secon ...19989663026
the influence of dietary sugars and starch on the establishment of streptococcus mutans and actinomyces viscosus in dental plaque of specific pathogen-free rats.the establishment of s. mutans together with a. viscosus was investigated in dental plaque of specific pathogen-free (spf) rats fed different carbohydrate diets. two tanzanian s.mutans strains mm3 and mm24 and one tanzanian a. viscosus strain mm13 were used for this purpose. the basic diet consisting of 32% skim-milk, 7% yeast extract and 1% soy bean oil was supplemented with either 10% lactose and 50% corn flour, or 10% glucose and 50% corn flour, or 60% amylum or 60% wheat flour. s. mutans and ...19939590873
antimicrobial activity produced by six dentifrices.the antimicrobial activity of six commercially available dentifrices and positive and negative controls as they come into contact with streptococcus mutans, s. sanguis, and actinomyces viscosus commonly found in the oral cavity. sterile discs treated with the dentifrices were placed on agar plates with the controls. zones of microbial inhibition were measured in millimeters after 48 hours. all of the test dentifrices demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the bacteria.19989693543
targeted antimicrobial photochemotherapy.this study explores a new approach for antimicrobial therapy with light activation of targeted poly-l-lysine (pl)-chlorin e6 (ce6) conjugates. the goal was to test the hypothesis that these conjugates between pl and ce6 would efficiently target photodestruction towards gram-positive (actinomyces viscosus) and gram-negative (porphyromonas gingivalis) oral species while sparing an oral epithelial cell line (hcpc-1). conjugates of ce6 with pl (average molecular weight, 2,000) having a positive, neu ...19989756761
retention of oral microorganisms on cobalt-chromium alloy and dental acrylic resin with different surface finishes.the effect of surface finish of dental materials on the subsequent contamination by microorganisms.19989813811
antibacterial activity of proprietary self-etching primers.to determine and compare the in vitro antibacterial activity of three self-etching primers.19989823069
bacterial adherence to bleached surfaces of composite resin in vitro.the effect of bleaching agents on bacterial adherence to polished surfaces of composite resin restorations was assessed in vitro.19989830652
strains of actinomyces naeslundii and actinomyces viscosus exhibit structurally variant fimbrial subunit proteins and bind to different peptide motifs in salivary proteins.oral strains of actinomyces spp. express type 1 fimbriae, which are composed of major fimp subunits, and bind preferentially to salivary acidic proline-rich proteins (aprps) or to statherin. we have mapped genetic differences in the fimp subunit genes and the peptide recognition motifs within the host proteins associated with these differential binding specificities. the fimp genes were amplified by pcr from actinomyces viscosus atcc 19246, with preferential binding to statherin, and from actino ...199910225854
sonic and mechanical toothbrushes. an in vitro study showing altered microbial surface structures but lack of effect on viability.the purpose of the present study was to compare the in vitro effects of a mechanical and a sonic toothbrush on the viability of actinomyces viscosus, the rationale being that induction of irreparable microbial damage resulting from aggressive mechanical action or sonic energy, may inhibit or disrupt the process of successional colonization. cultures of a. viscosus were grown to a standardized optical density and subdivided into 3 treatment groups of 20 specimens each. treatment groups consisted ...19989869348
antimicrobial activity of amalgams, alloys and their elements and phases.this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of amalgams, alloys, elements and phases against two cariogenic bacteria, actinomyces viscosus and streptococcus mutans.199810023205
the importance of fimbriae in the virulence and ecology of some oral bacteria.cumulative evidence indicates that bacterial adherence to mucosal and tooth surfaces as well as bacterial coaggregation are essential steps for colonization of various oral bacterial species. bacterial fimbriae have been shown to play an important role in the interaction between bacteria and host cells or among bacterial cells. the properties of fimbriae from selected species of oral bacteria are discussed in terms of virulence traits and ecological significance. among others, porphyromonas ging ...199810093527
actinomyces viscosus postoperative endophthalmitis.endophthalmitis, attributable to actinomyces viscosus, developed in a 78-year-old man after cataract surgery. postoperative endophthalmitis with this organism is a rare occurrence. this report emphasizes the importance of the actinomyces species as potential eye pathogens and presents antimicrobial susceptibility data for the isolate.199910354861
[tgf-beta 1 in the experimentally induced inflammatory periodontal tissues in miniature swines].tgf-beta 1 is a multifunctional molecule which has unique and potent effects on many target cells and tissues. tgf-beta 1 may promote inflammatory reaction by certain intercellular interaction. tgf-beta 1 at extremely low concentrations shows strong chemotatic activity for mononuclear phagocytes and stimulates bone resorption by enhancing production of pge2. on the other hand, tgf-beta 1 plays a very important role in the regulation of extracellular matrix turnover presumably by modulating the a ...199910441938
automatic enumeration of adherent streptococci or actinomyces on dental alloy by fluorescence image analysis.the aim of the present study was to develop an automated image analysis method to quantify adherence of streptococcus sanguinis or actinomyces viscosus on surfaces of a currently used dental alloy. counting such bacterial strains was difficult because of their arrangement, thus s. sanguinis being a coccus arranged in chains or pairs, and a. viscosus a long complexly arranged polymorph rod. direct counting of fluorescently stained adherent bacteria was done visually and with image analysis method ...199910520583
molecular pathogenesis of root dentin caries.human dentin has a higher content of organic matrix and more non-ideal hydroxyapatite than human enamel. ultrastructural studies indicate that root caries involves both mineral dissolution and breakdown of the organic matrix. factors involved in the root caries process seem more complicated than those in enamel caries. moreover, the distinct roles of acids and enzymes and the sequence of events in the root caries process are not well-understood. although streptococcus mutans and actinomyces visc ...199910522203
effect of salivary biofilm on the adherence of oral bacteria to bleached and non-bleached restorative material.the objective of this work was to examine the effect of in vitro salivary biofilm on the adherence of oral bacteria to bleached and non-bleached restorative material (charisma).199910483391
an in vitro investigation of the antimicrobial activity of an herbal mouthrinse.the purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of one prescription and two commercially available over-the-counter mouthrinses and positive and negative controls against bacteria commonly found in the oral cavity. the bacteria used in this study were streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis and actinomyces viscosus. sterile discs which were treated with the mouthrinses were placed on agar plates along with the controls. zones of microbial inhibition were measured in mil ...199810518853
powdered milk micellar casein prevents oral colonization by streptococcus sobrinus and dental caries in rats: a basis for the caries-protective effect of dairy products.three animal studies were performed to investigate the influence of the macromolecular structure of milk casein on caries incidence and the possible ecological changes of the oral microbiota by such casein fractions. towards this end, rats were infected with mixed bacterial suspensions of streptococcus sobrinus omz 176 and actinomyces viscosus ny1. various milk protein fractions were incorporated into carefully balanced powdered cariogenic diets to constitute the sole major protein component. di ...199910529530
periodontal findings and systemic antibody responses to oral microorganisms in behçet's disease.behçet's disease is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology, affecting predominantly the oral mucosa, skin, and eyes. recurrent and painful episodes of oral ulcerations interfere with regular oral hygiene leading to rapid bacterial plaque accumulation. the aims of this study were to evaluate the periodontal status of patients with behçet's disease and determine serum antibody responses to selected oral microorganisms, including major periodontopathogens in these patients.199910632520
beta-hemolytic streptococci and other beta-hemolytic organisms in apical periodontitis and severe marginal periodontitis.thirteen teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis and nine severe periodontal pockets were cultured for presence of beta-hemolytic streptococci and other beta-hemolytic organisms. samples were dispersed and plated on two non-selective and one selective growth media and incubated anaerobically and in 10% co2 in air. a total of 59 beta-hemolytic colonies were purified and identified. eight beta-hemolytic streptococcal isolates were obtained from three of the severe marginal periodontitis ...199910530151
identification of oral actinomyces species using dna probes.oral actinomyces comprise a major segment of both the supra- and subgingival microbiota; however, little is known about the distribution of individual species in different sites or clinical conditions. the purpose of the present investigation was to develop dna probes for suggested species and genotypes of oral actinomyces. whole genomic dna probes to 12 human oral species and/or serotypes were labeled with digoxigenin and used to seek cross-reactions among the taxa using the checkerboard dna-dn ...199910551171
actinomyces bowdenii sp. nov., isolated from canine and feline clinical specimens.four strains of a previously undescribed actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from canine and feline clinical specimens. phenotypic studies indicated the strains were members of the genus actinomyces, and most closely resembled actinomyces viscosus serotype i and actinomyces slackii. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies demonstrated the unknown bacterium constitutes a new subline within a group of actinomyces species, which includes actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. b ...199910555371
[the effect of removable partial denture on the composition of bacteria on the apt-to-decay site of abutment teeth].this study was aimed at the composition of plaques which were on the base teeth's carious sensitive sites, just after the insertion of the removable partial denture (rpd). the results showed that the ratios of bacterial detection in different teeth at the same period and those on the different sites of same teeth at different periods were not significantly different. there was a tendency that the detection ratio of the stomatococcus at the early period was higher than that of other bacteria, but ...199810683976
antimicrobial activity of cavity disinfectants.the purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of four commercially available cavity disinfectants and one prescription mouthwash as they came into contact with bacteria commonly found in the oral cavity. streptococcus mutans, salivarius, and actinomyces viscosus were used in the study. zones of microbial inhibition were measured in millimeters after 48 hours. the results of this study indicate that all of the antimicrobial agents demonstrated activity against the bacteria ...199910687496
co-aggregation as a virulent factor of streptococcus sanguis isolated from infective endocarditis.the pathogenicity of strains of the streptococcus sanguis group, isolated from infective endcarditis, was studied by measuring the development of subcutaneous abscesses in mice after infection with s. sanguis and actinomyces viscosus either singly or as co-aggregated pairs. the pathogenicity of the co-aggregates was also examined in various viable combinations of the two bacterial species. more abscesses were formed by a. viscosus than the s. sanguis group including clinical isolates. abscess fo ...199910692836
studies concerning the glucosyltransferase of streptococcus sanguis.we have shown in previous studies that the glucosyltransferase (gtf) enzymes of streptococcus mutans have distinct properties when adsorbed to a surface. in the present study, we compared the activity of gtf from streptococcus sanguis, designated gtfss, in solution and on the surface of saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sha) beads, and determined the ability of its product glucan to support the adherence of oral microorganisms. gtf from s. sanguis 804 nctc 10904 was purified from culture supernatant ...200010867431
photomechanical drug delivery into bacterial biofilms.to investigate whether photomechanical waves generated by lasers can increase the permeability of a biofilm of the oral pathogen actinomyces viscosus.200010870983
the effect of desalivation on coronal and root surface caries in rats.although the presence of coronal caries is declining in much of the western hemisphere, the prevalence of root surface caries is likely to increase as teeth are retained longer than heretofore. at the same time, an increasing number of the population suffer from dry mouth as a result of taking prescription drugs, with an apparent concomitant increased susceptibility to root surface caries. this study attempted to develop an animal model which would aid in the exploration of the effects of desali ...198811039038
comparison of two scoring methods for root surface caries in hamsters.the aim of this investigation was to compare two methods of scoring root surface caries in hamster teeth. the experimental material was mandibles from hamsters which had been infected with actinomyces viscosus, fed a caries-promoting diet, and received either 0, 1, 10, or 25 ppm fluoride in the drinking water during an 18-week experimental period (stookey, 1986). root surface caries on the lingual surfaces of mandibular first molars was scored according to the grid method of doff et al. (1977) a ...198811039043
gallotannins inhibit growth, water-insoluble glucan synthesis, and aggregation of mutans streptococci.during screening for anti-plaque agents of plant origin, ethanolic extracts from melaphis chinensis (bell), the chinese nutgall, exhibited strong inhibition of glucosyltransferase (gtf), in vitro adherence and glucan-induced agglutination of streptococcus mutans 3209 and s. sobrinus b13. more than 91% inhibition of water-insoluble glucan synthesis from sucrose by gtf was noted at a concentration as low as 7.8 micrograms/ml. bactericidal effects on other mutans streptococci, s. salivarius, and ac ...198811039045
in vitro colonisation of acrylic resin denture base materials by streptococcus oralis and actinomyces viscosus.the aim of the study was to compare the attachment of two typical strains of oral bacteria to four denture base materials.200010945186
identification of periodontal disease-associated bacteria in the "plaque-free zone".subgingival plaque bacteria live within a biofilm covered with glycocalyx, and little is known of the bacterial species associated with biofilm formation at the bottom of human periodontal pockets, the so-called "plaque-free zone"(pfz).200010972648
distribution of antigenic determinants between actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii.a total of 18 monoclonal antibodies was raised against whole cells of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii. the monoclonal antibodies were used to determine the cross-reacting patterns among 26 strains of these species. eleven different antigenic determinants were found. the specificity profiles of the antibodies indicated that the antigenic determinants of a. viscosus and a. naeslundii were arranged in a complicated mosaic. extensive cross-reactions occurred between a. viscosus strai ...198811039037
photoactive porphyrin derivative with broad-spectrum activity against oral pathogens in vitro.photodynamic therapy (pdt) has historically been used as a means to treat cancerous tumors but has recently been used to kill bacterial cells through the use of targeted photosensitizers. pdt is a potential adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontal disease. however, the effectiveness of porphyrin derivatives against microorganisms has been limited because some gram-negative bacteria are refractory to photodynamic treatment with these agents. we have designed a porphyrin ...200011083641
the role of fructans on dental biofilm formation by streptococcus sobrinus, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus gordonii and actinomyces viscosus.dental plaque biofilm plays a pivotal role in the progression of dental diseases. polysaccharides are of great importance in the ecology of the dental biofilm. we studied the effect of fructans, glucans and a mixture of both fructans and glucans, synthesized in situ by immobilized fructosyltransferase or glucosyltransferase, on the adhesion of streptococcus sobrinus, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus gordonii and actinomyces viscosus to hydroxyapatite beads coated with human saliva (sha). the ...200111179653
reduced fimbria-associated activities of porphyromonas gingivalis induced by recombinant fimbrial expression.the adhesion properties of the recombinant fimbriae (r-fimbriae) recovered from a yh522 transformant of porphyromonas gingivalis which harbors a chimeric plasmid, pyhf2, containing the fima gene of strain 381 were compared with those of the endogenous fima fimbriae of strain 33277. the adhesion level of the r-fimbriae to actinomyces viscosus was clearly lower than that of the endogenous fimbriae. in addition, the r-fimbriae were shown to lack some minor components detectable in the endogenous fi ...200111179655
properties of streptococcus sanguinis glucans formed under various conditions.the aim of our study was to determine whether the structure of glucans formed by glucosyltransferase from streptococcus sanguinis (gtfss) on a surface differ from those formed in solution and to explore the effects of antiserum to gtfs, control normal rabbit serum, starch hydrolysates (sth) and dextran on s. sanguinis (gtfss) glucan. linkage analyses showed that solution-formed glucans are predominantly alpha-1,6-linked and have a small amount of alpha-1,3-linked glucose. surface-formed glucans ...200111125200
humoral immunity host factors in subjects with failing or successful titanium dental implants.treatment with titanium dental implants is in general successful. however, an unknown number of implants do not integrate and are removed either by exfoliation or at the time of second stage surgery. it would be of importance to identify subjects at risk and predict early implant failure.200011140553
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