| an outbreak of c welchii type c enterotoxaemia in young lambs in south west scotland. | | 1975 | 164082 |
| [use of a synthetic medium for cultivating pathogenic anaerobes]. | it was shown that a synthetic medium suggested by the authors earlier was useful for the growth and toxin formation of cl. tetani, cl. botulinum and cl. perfringens, types b and e. a study of the character of growth and toxinogensis, microscopic examination of morphology of culture cells and results of passages showed the suggested synthetic medium to be of value; a possibility of its application for studying the nutrient requirements and the role of individual components of the nutrient media i ... | 1975 | 164749 |
| ulcerative enteritis--clostridial antigens. | the causative agent of ulcerative enteritis (ue) is a clostridium and it is believed that it belongs to a new, hitherto undescribed species. it has been named, tentatively, clostridium colinum. transmission experiments carried out with artificial cultures of this clostridium have clarified some aspects of the pathogenesis of ue and have brought into focus other aspects of its pathogenesis, epizootiology, and immunology that need to be investigated. support for research is needed: 1) to investiga ... | 1975 | 164804 |
| effects of proteases and neuraminidase on rbc surface charge and agglutination. a kinetic study. | electrophoretic mobility, membrane sialic acid content and agglutinability by "incomplete" antisera against rh-o, hr' and k antigens were determined for red blood cells in the course of treatment with trypsin, ficin and neuraminidase. neuraminidase gradually produces a slight to moderate agglutinability as it reduced surface charge density in proportion to the amount of sialic acid removed. proteases acted in two distinct steps. the first stage is characterized by the cells rapidly becoming high ... | 1975 | 164087 |
| comments on ulcerative enteritis. | | 1975 | 164805 |
| structures of gangliosides from bovine adrenal medulla. | five gangliosides, accounting for over 95% of the total ganglioside fraction, were isolated from bovine adrenal medulla by preparative thin-layer chromatography and the carbohydrate structures determined by a combination of periodate oxidation and permethylation techniques. partially methylated alditol acetates were generated from the neutral sugars of the fully methylated glycolipids and identified by gas-liquid chromatography. substitution on n-acetylgalactosamine was determined by methanolysi ... | 1975 | 164890 |
| interaction of clostridium perfringens theta-haemolysin, a contaminant of commercial phospholipase c, with erythrocyte ghost membranes and lipid dispersions. a morphological study. | commercially available preparations of phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens are commonly contaminated with theta haemolysin, one of a group of bacterial haemolysins called oxygen labile (o-labile) haemolysins. treatment of erythrocyte ghosts and a mixed lipid dispersion containing cholesterol with commercially available phospholipase c in the absence of ca-2+ and the presence of phosphate buffer and/or edta resulted in the formation and release of ring or arc-shaped structures. highly pu ... | 1975 | 164911 |
| sialoglycopeptides from bovine milk fat globule membrane. | milk fat globule membrane was shown to contain sialic acid, all of which could be released without disruption of the fat globule. sialoglycopeptides were cleaved from the surface of intact fat globules by pronase and fractionated on sephadex g-50. further fractionation of the major sialoglycopeptide peak on deae-sephadex gave two groups of sialoglycopeptides eluted with 0.1 m nacl (group a) and 0.5 m nacl (group b), respectively. refractionation gave a major sialoglycopeptide from each of the tw ... | 1975 | 164945 |
| clostridium welchii corneal ulcer--a case report. | a case of corneal ulcer in a 10-year-old nigerian boy in which clostridium welchii and achromobacter were isolated is reported. the absence of trauma and rarity of only corneal involvement in a clostridial infection is emphasized. the bacteriology of the clostridial infection is emphasized. the bacteriology of the clostridial ocular infections is reviewed, the media necessary for isolation of the organism and the symbiotic relationship with other bacteria are discussed. the clinical course of th ... | 1975 | 164996 |
| restorative effect of normal human serum, transfer factor and thymosin on the ability of heated human lymphocytes to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. | | 1975 | 165007 |
| changes in surface carbohydrate of human erythrocytes aged in vivo. | | 1975 | 165104 |
| [etiology of anaerobic infections in cattle and sheep in latin america. i. field experience and laboratory research]. | | 1975 | 166532 |
| the effect of phospholipase c treatment of microsomes on cytochromes p-450 and b5. | | 1975 | 166883 |
| the mucosubstance coating the pneumonocytes in the lungs of xenopus laevis and lacerta viridis. | the layer of mucosubstance that is associated with the free surface membranes of the pneumonocytes in the lungs of the toad xenopus laevis and the lizard lacerta viridis was demonstrated by electron microscopy using iron oxide stain. the form and staining reactions of the mucosubstance layer were similar in both animals. in electron micrographs the mucosubstance was represented by a band of densely stained material (25-50 nm thick) which coated the entire free surface of the pneumonocytes. it ap ... | 1975 | 165163 |
| tritium labeling of sialylated glycoprotein hormones. | | 1975 | 165378 |
| interconversion of bacterial agents causing botulism and gas gangrene. | | 1975 | 165441 |
| interactions between aerolysin, erythrocytes, and erythrocyte membranes. | aerolysin, a hemolytic and lethal exotoxin of aeromonas hydrophila, was analyzed for amino acids. assuming 8 histidine residues/mol, the purified toxic protein has, by summation, a molecular weight of 49,000, a value in agreement with earlier estimates by other methods. erythrocytes from different animal species differ greatly in sensitivity to aerolysin's lytic action. there is some correlation between sensitivity and phosphatidyl choline content. erythrocyte membranes of different species bind ... | 1975 | 166917 |
| clostridium welchii arthritis. case report. | | 1975 | 167025 |
| vascular leakage produced in the brains of mice by clostridium welchii type d toxin. | | 1975 | 167060 |
| the effect of phospholipase c treatment on the latency and sedimentability of rat liver microsomal nucleoside diphosphatase. | | 1975 | 165963 |
| the identification and purification of multiple forms of theta-haemolysin (theta-toxin) of clostridium perfringens type a. | the theta-haemolysin of clostridium perfringens was purified from culture supernatant fluids of type a strains by fractional ammonium sulphate precipitation and isoelectric focusing in narrow ph 5 to 8 gradients. four components detected on electrofocusing were designated theta-1(pi6-8to6-9),theta-2(pi6-5to6-6),theta-3(pi6-1to6-3) and theta-4(pi5-7to5-9). specific activities ranged from 0-4 x 10-6 to 1-2 x 10-6 haemolytic units/mg protein and 2950 to 3600 ld-50/mg protein. each haemolytic compon ... | 1975 | 167102 |
| the production of neuraminidase by food poisoning strains of clostridium welchii (c. perfringens). | the production of neuraminidase by a classical strain of clostridium welchii (c. perfringens) type a was studied. good yields were produced in 5% proteose peptone-water medium (ppw5); the enzyme was essentially extracellular but some further neuraminidase could be released by ultrasonic disintegration of the cells. this also released n-acyl neuraminic acid-aldolase (nan-aldolase) and the degree to which this interferes with the assay for neuraminidase was evaluated. forty-one british reference f ... | 1975 | 167169 |
| buoyant density sedimentation of macromolecules in sodium iothalamate density gradients. | | 1975 | 167175 |
| phospholipase c catalyzed formation of sphinogomyelin--14c from lecithin and n-(-14c)-oleoyl-sphingosine. | commercial preparations of clostreidium perfringens were incubated with phosphatidyl choline and n-1-(-14c) oleoylsphingosine. a radioactive product was formed which cochromatogramed with spingomyelin standard in three different solvent systems. several other phospholipases and phosphatases were unable to catalyze this reaction. neither choline, phosphoryl choline, cytidine diphosphate choline nor p-nitrophenyl phosphoryl choline were acitve donors. sphingomyelin was only slightly active as ... | 1975 | 167259 |
| specifity of dna-basic polypeptide interactions. influence of neutral residues incorporated into polylysine and polyarginine. | an approach is described for evaluation of the specificity of basic polypeptides concerning the base pair composition of dna. the polypeptides were covalently bound to cnbr activated agarose and two dnas strongly different in base composition but of equal molecular weight were loaded and detached by a nacl gradient. the difference in the nacl concerntrations between the elution maxima of the two dnas was taken as a measure for the recognition specificity. the results obtained confirmed the known ... | 1975 | 167352 |
| the physiological function of nitrate reduction in clostridium perfringens. | fermentation-balance studies have been carried out on clostridium perfringens grown in the presence and absence of nitrate in the medium. nitrate is able to serve as an electron acceptor for these bacteria, permitting increased growth yields over those obtained in its absence. this increase is due to an increase in the proportion of metabolite molecules which can participate in substrate-level phosphorylation reactions when an inorganic acceptor is available. the nitrate reduction can be regarde ... | 1975 | 166143 |
| [acute bovine mastitis caused by clostridium perfringens type a (author's transl.)]. | an acute case of bovine mastitis caused by clostridium perfringens type a is described. the condition appeared before delivery and was characterised by gas formation in the udder and severe general signs. in spite of parenteral treatment with large doses of penicillin and streptomycin combined with frequent stripping of the udder the animal died two days after the onset of symptoms. the strain isolated proved sensitive to penicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracyclin, but resistant to streptomycin ... | 1975 | 166353 |
| antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria by the standardized disc diffusion method with special reference to bacteroides fragilis. | the susceptibility of 90 strains of bacteroides fragilis to 16 antibacterial drugs was determined by the agar plate dilution test and the disc diffusion test. good correlation of results was obtained with the two methods, and regression line analysis could be performed for beta-lactam antibiotics, erythromycin, tetracyclines, lincomycin and clindamycin. thus the standardized disc diffusion method can be used for susceptibility testing, but only a clear distinction between sensitive and resistant ... | 1975 | 167431 |
| [evaluation of the suitability of nutrient media made from dry components for the rapid detection of cl. perfringens]. | | 1979 | 90199 |
| [effectiveness of gas gangrene anatoxins in revaccination by the aerosol method]. | | 1975 | 166512 |
| acute enteritis in rabbits: spontaneous infection by clostridium perfringens type a. | | 1975 | 166529 |
| anaerobic infections of the female genital tract. | anaerobic bacterial organisms are a frequent cause of female genital tract infections. there has been a lack of appreciation of the significant role anaerobes play in obstetric and gynecologic infections. utilization of newer appropriate anaerobic culture techniques has shown the importance of these organisms as pathogens in serious infections of the genital tract. many species of anaerobic bacteria appear to be part of the normal microflora of the lower genital tract in female subjects. similar ... | 1975 | 167582 |
| [sporulation and related problems in clostridium perfringens. physiopathological implications for food poisoning]. | | 1975 | 169617 |
| [analysis of the oncolytic properties of clostridium perfringens. use of an attenuated mutant and ehrlich solid carcinoma]. | | 1975 | 169620 |
| a highly efficient solid-phase radioimmune assay for a clostridial toxin. | | 1975 | 167605 |
| growth curves of anaerobic bacteria in solid media. | simple pour plate and spectrophotometric techniques for the evaluation of growth curves of several anaerobic bacteria on solid media are described. three basic patterns of anaerobic growth were observed. the curves obtained were very reproducible when studied on separate occasions. the curves obtained by spectrophotometric measurement were comparable to those obtained by the pour plate method, especially when a large bacterial inoculum was used. limitations in the interpretation of the results a ... | 1975 | 167660 |
| survival of human enteric and other sewage microorganisms under simulated deep-sea conditions. | the survival of pure cultures of escherichia coli, streptococcus faecalis, clostridium perfringens, and vibrio parahaemolyticus under simulated deep-sea conditions of low temperature (4 c), seawater, and hydrostatic pressures ranging from 1 to 1,000 atm was determined over a period exceeding 300 h. the viability of e. coli and total aerobic bacteria in seawater-diluted raw sewage subjected to these deep-sea conditions was also measured. there was a greater survival of both e. coli and s. faecali ... | 1975 | 169733 |
| inhibition of clostridium botulinum by strains of clostridium perfringens isolated from soil. | thirty-one soil samples were examined for the presence of organisms capable of inhibiting growth and toxin production of strains of clostridium botulinum type a. such organisms were found in eight samples of soil. inhibiting strains of c. perfringens were found in five samples, of c. sporogenes in three and of bacillus cereus in three. three of the c. perfringens strains produced an inhibitor effective on all 11 strains of c. botulinum type a against which they were tested, seven of eight proteo ... | 1975 | 169734 |
| wound infection during the yom kippur war: observations concerning antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy. | eighty-eight episodes of wound associated infection were identified among 624 consecutively admitted battlefield casualties. ninety-one per cent of infections occurred during the administration of antibiotic therapy or prophylaxis and 65% were associated with the use of multiple antibacterial agents. gram negative bacillary and mixed microbial infection predominated and were found to increase in relative incidence after the second day of hospitalization. appropriate therapy, based on disc sensit ... | 1975 | 167666 |
| on the structure of the peptidoglycan of cell walls from myxobacter al-1 (myxobacterales). | basically the peptidoglycan of myxobater al-1 consists of alternating beta-1,4-linked n-acetylglucosamic-n-acetylmuramic acid chains. after splitting the aminosugar backbone with a specific algal enzyme three subunits arise: a monomer, a dimer and a timer. investigation of the monomer with specific enzymes and comparison of the degradation products to standards derived from other bacterial peptidoglycans suggest the following structure of the monomer peptide: l-alanyl-d-glutamic-l-meso-diaminopi ... | 1975 | 167671 |
| presence of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase and protease activities in the commercial neuraminidase preparations isolated from clostridium perfringens. | | 1975 | 167779 |
| template specificity of the cytoplasmic dna polymerase in xenopus laevis oocytes. | | 1975 | 167780 |
| the dna melting transition in aqueous magnesium salt solutions. | the melting transition of the magnesium salt of dna has been systematically examined in the presence of various types of anions. the addition of clo4- to a concentration of 3.0 n results in the biphasic optical transition, with the first phase exhibiting rapid reversibility and independence of the dna concentration. this subtransition, which is interpreted as an intramolecular condensation to a collapsed form of dna, is followed by a dna concentration-dependent aggregation reaction. the aggregat ... | 1975 | 167826 |
| characterization of human alpha-galactosidase a and b before and after neuraminidase treatment. | it has been previously reported that following neuraminidase treatment alpha-galactosidase a is converted into the b form, as revealed by electrophoresis. by a variety of techniques such as isoelectrofocusing, deae-chromatography and by enzyme kinetic parameters, no conversion of alpha-galactosidase a into b, or the reverse, could be detected after neuraminidase treatment. only an apparent transformation of alpha-galactosidase a into b was revealed by cellogel electrophoresis. in addition, a dis ... | 1975 | 167833 |
| measurement of biological activities of purified and crude enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens. | enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens was assayed and compared with toxicity in mice and erythemal activity in guinea pigs. conversion factors were used to express these biological activities of crude enterotoxin in terms of weight of pure enterotoxin protein. one microgram of enterotoxin was equivalent to 3.41 erythema units and to 0.68 mouse median lethal dose. | 1975 | 168155 |
| regression line analysis for five antibiotics with strains of clostridium species. | the susceptibility of 90 strains of clostridia to 5 antibacterials was determined by the agar plate dilution method and the disc diffusion test. the correlations between minimum inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone were quite acceptable for lincomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline and doxycycline to calculate regression lines by the least square method. the strains showed comparatively wide ranges of susceptibility. for erythromycin, no regression line could be calculated, since all the str ... | 1975 | 170669 |
| the quantitative bacteriology of some commercial bivalve shellfish entering british markets. | incidents of non-specific illness associated with the consumption of oysters have highlighted the lack of published information on the bacteriology of shellfish suitable for consumption. investigations showed that the majority of molluscan shellfish entering english markets conform to the accepted standard of less than 5 escherichia coli/ml. tissue. the numbers of e. coli were related to the sanitary quality of the growing area but no relation could be established between numbers of e. coli and ... | 1975 | 168251 |
| effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin on metabolic indexes of everted rat ileal sacs. | everted sacs of rat ileum were incubated in ringer phosphate solution while oxygen uptake, glucose uptake, and lactate production were determined. sacs treated with clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, in the form of crude cell-free extract and purified protein, consumed significantly less oxygen than untreated sacs. however, the toxin-treated sacs took up glucose and produced lactate at levels that were not significantly different than those observed in controls. we conclude that oxidative meta ... | 1975 | 168153 |
| interactions of heteroaromatic compounds with nucleic acids. 2. influence of substituents on the base and sequence specificity of intercalating ligands. | this paper presents the results of a systematic study on the effects of substituents on the base and sequence specificity of tricyclic heteroaromatic compounds interacting with dna by intercalation. all the compounds tested are derived from proflavine and acridine orange analogs with different heteroatoms in the middle ring. their base and sequence specificities were determined by differential dialysis of the ligand against dna samples of differing g-c content. the main results indicate that (a) ... | 1975 | 168079 |
| [plasmids controlling the resistance to several antibiotics in c. perfringens type a, strain 659]. | a strain of c. perfringens type a, isolated from a patient, was found to be resistant to four antibiotics: tetracycline (tet), chloramphénicol (chl), erythromycin (ero) and clindamycin (cli). clones resistant to only two drugs (tet-chl or ero-cli), or sensitive to all drugs were found in cultures of the wild-type strain treated by acridine dyes or ethidium bromide. dna analysis by equilibrium centrifugation confirmed that the original strain contains two resistance plasmids, one called rip 401 ( ... | 1975 | 167997 |
| taxonomy of the clostridia: ribosomal ribonucleic acid homologies among the species. | rrna homologies have been determined on reference strains representing 56 species of clostridium. competition experiments using tritium-labelled 23s rrna were employed. the majority of the species had dna with 27 to 28% guanine plus cytosine (%gc). these fell into rrna homology groups i and ii, which were well defined, and a third group which consisted of species which did not belong in groups i and ii. species whose dna was 41 to 45% gc comprised a fourth group. thirty species were placed into ... | 1975 | 168308 |
| radiation resistance of spores of some clostridium perfringens strains. | clostridium perfringens spores (eight strains) were irradiated in a model system with 60co gamma rays at -30 c. the quantal response data obtained were analyzed with extreme value statistics. it was found (at the 95% confidence level) that all eight strains followed the same rate of death and that this rate was probably (at the 95% level) not exponential. the statistics did not exclude, however, a normal, lognormal, weibull, or related rate of spore kill. a more definitive study would be require ... | 1975 | 168810 |
| isolation and characterization of clostridium perfringens mutants altered in both hemagglutinin and sialidase production. | the relationship between the production of hemagglutinin and sialidase activities by clostridium perfringens was investigated by screening for mutants producing reduced levels of hemagglutinin activity. twelve mutants were isolated; all produced reduced levels of sialidase activity and several had other altered phenotypic markers. revertants that regained the ability to produce active hemagglutinin were isolated. all of these revertants produced increased sialidase activity. these results show t ... | 1975 | 169224 |
| the mechanism of action of cholera toxin in pigeon erythrocyte lysates. | the adenylate cyclase activity of intact pigeon erythrocytes begins to rise after about 20 min of exposure to cholera toxin. the maximum rate at which the cyclase activity increases appears to be limited by the number of toxin molecules which can reach an intracellular target. if the erythrocytes are made permeable to the toxin by a bacterial hemolysin, no such limit exists, and adenylate cyclase activity starts to rise immediately upon the addition of toxin, and continues to rise to a maximum a ... | 1975 | 169243 |
| outbursting wedges of the colonies of clostridium welchii containing chain forming mutants after ultra violet irradiation. | cl. welchii nctc 6785 was irradiated with uv light. the 40 minutes irradiated cells after 3-8 days ageing at room temperature (22-25 degrees c) and 48 hours initial incubation at 37 degrees c produced hairy outbursting wedges. these wedges gave rise to the colonies composed of chain forming mutants, which on transfer into the fluid medium grew into a pure chain forming culture. | 1975 | 167536 |
| [inter- and intraspecific relationship between bacterial hemolysins. iii. identification of masked toxins in the exotoxin complex of staphylococcus pyogenes und cl. perfringens; significance of their existence for clarifying of the masking mechanism]. | | 1975 | 169656 |
| anaerobic infections. | | 1975 | 169694 |
| inhibition of glucose 6-phosphatase by pure and impure c-type phospholipases. reactivation by phospholipid dispersions and protection by serum albumin. | 1. pure or impure c-type phospholipases hydrolysed rat liver microsomal phosphatides in situ at 5 degrees or 37 degrees c. at 5 degrees c mean hydrolysis of total phospholipids was 90% by bacillus cereus and 75% by clostridium perfringens (clostridium welchii) c-type phospholipases. 2. four degrees of inhibition of glucose 6-phosphatase (d-glucose 6-phosphate phosphohydrolase; ec 3.1.3.9) resulted. (a) at 37 degrees c inhibition was virtually complete and apparently irreversible. (b) at 5 degree ... | 1975 | 168886 |
| lipid-protein interactions in mitochondria. the effect of protein interaction on susceptibility of phospholipids to phospholipase a2 and c hydrolysis. | | 1975 | 164836 |
| effect of klebsiella pneumoniae enterotoxin on intestinal transport in the rat. | the effects on intestinal transport of either a semipurified preparation of enterotoxin elaborated by klebsiella pneumoniae or similaryly prepared control material were tested by marker perfusion studies in the small intestine of rats. at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, the enterotoxin produced net secretion of water, na, and cl in both jejunal and ileal segments; hco3 transport was not affected. net secretion was evident within 30 min after intorduction of the toxin and was maximal after 90 min. th ... | 1975 | 169297 |
| studies on interaction between histone v (f2c) and deoxyribonucleic acids. | histone v (2fc) from chick erythroctes was used in the study of its interaction with dna from various sources. complexes between this histone and dna were formed using the procedure of continuous nacl gradient dialysis in urea. two physical methods, namely thermal denaturation and circular dichroism (cd), were used as analytical tools. thermal denaturation of nucleohistone v with chick or calf thymus dna shows three melting bands: band i at 45-50 degrees corresponds to free base pairs; band ii a ... | 1975 | 164887 |
| organization of phospholipids in human red cell membranes as detected by the action of various purified phospholipases. | 1. the action of eight purified phospholipases on intact human erythrocytes has been investigated. four enzymes, e.g. phospholipases a2 from pancreas and crotalus adamanteus, phospholipase c from bacillus cereus, and phospholipase d from cabbage produce neither haemolysis nor hydrolysis of phospholipids in intact cells. on the other hand, both phospholipases a2 from bee venom and naja naja cause a non-haemolytic breakdown of more than 50% of the lecithin, while sphingomyelinase c from staphyloco ... | 1975 | 169915 |
| fatal clostridium welchii septicaemia following acute cholecystitis. | a case of clostridium welchii septicaemia following acute cholecystitis is described. the onset was acute and a rapidly fatal outcome ensued. radiological findings were negative. an approach to the antibiotic treatment and general management is discussed. | 1975 | 169938 |
| [nitrosoguanidine-induced attenuated clostridium perfringens type a mutant in gas gangrene]. | a fully virulent classical type a strain of clostridium perfringens was treated during its logarithmic growth phase with 100 mug/ml of n-méthyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine, the bacteria being exposed to the mutagen for 30 min at 37 degrees c in a phosphate buffer adjusted to ph 6.2; after treatment the suspension was streaked on sheep blood agar plates, and colonies that showed an alteration in the theta-hemolysis pattern were selected for isolation. the virulence of two mutants, thus altered in ... | 1975 | 169977 |
| sensitive assay for detection of toxin-induced damage to the cytoplasmic membrane of human diploid fibroblasts. | a sensitive assay was developed for detection and quantitation of subtle permeability changes in the cytoplasmic membrane of human diploid fibroblasts. release of the non-metabolizable amino acid [1-14c]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (aib; molecular weight (103) from the cytoplasm of prelabeled cells was used as an indicator of toxin-induced membrane damage. an optimal procedure for labeling these cells was designed after varying the conditions with regard to ph, temperature, concentration of aib, c ... | 1975 | 169201 |
| the sterilization of gutta-percha points. | the traditional methods employed for the sterilization of gutta-percha points are unsatisfactory. the use of propylene oxide for this purpose is described and experimental evidence is advanced to support this use. | 1975 | 169776 |
| [gas edema in broilers]. | | 1975 | 169118 |
| affinity chromatography purification of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | anti-enterotoxin immunoglobulins immobilized on ch-sepharose or cnbr-sepharose were used for affinity chromatography purification of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. cell extracts containing enterotoxin or partially purified toxin preparations were applied to the column and nonspecifically-bound protein was eluted. naoh was used to elute specifically bound toxin. the purity of enterotoxin purified by sephadex g-100 chromatography followed by affinity chromatography appears similar to toxin ... | 1975 | 170205 |
| [mutation of type d strain of clostridium perfringens treated with acriflavine]. | | 1975 | 170432 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of clostridium species isolated from human infections. | in antibacterial susceptibility testing by the agar plate dilution method with 252 strains of clostridium perfringens, 22 strains of c. novyi type a and 7 of c. novyi type b, with 21 strains of c. bifermentans, 12 strains of c. sordellii and 18 of c. sporogenes, the majority of the strains were inhibited by penicillin g, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tinidazole and metronidazole. resistance to lincomycin and clindamycin was noticed among strains of all clostridia species as well as ... | 1975 | 170668 |
| a comparative study on the heat stability of triosephosphate isomerase in psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic clostridia. | the temperature stability of triosephosphate isomerase (ec 5.3.1.1) in the cell-free extracts of psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic clostridium species has been investigated. even though this enzyme was found to be heat labile in the psychrophilic isolates, no detectable loss in activity was evident when cell-free extracts were heated for 1/2 h at the maximum temperature of growth for the organisms. two organisms, each with a maximum growth temperature of 23 degrees c, showed differen ... | 1975 | 172205 |
| bacterial growth in seafoood on restaurant premises. | operational guidelines for a chain of the newer type of seafood restaurants and take-out stores were derived from plots of bacteriological and trimethylamine changes during the preparation and storage of cod fillets, shrimp, and clams. if fish is to be defrosted at room temperature it should be washed and portioned within 14 h. subsequent storage at 5 degrees c should not exceed 72 h and once removed from the refrigerator it should be fried within 3 h. new stores should consider improved methods ... | 1975 | 172207 |
| [early bacteriological diagnosis of infections after osteosynthesis (author's transl)]. | postoperative infections after osteosynthesis belong to the most serious complications in traumatology. efforts to prevent this danger by routine antibiotic prophylaxis are mainly rejected nowadays. instead, it is studies whether infections can be diagnosed by bacteriological culture of secretions from redon drains in patients with osteosynthesis for the purpose of starting an early specific antibiotic therapy. bacteria were cultured from secretions of wounds in 11.3% of samples from 177 patient ... | 1975 | 170760 |
| [rifampicin effectiveness in experimental anaerobic gas infection]. | the inhibitory effect of rifampicin against most of 82 strains of pathogenic clostridia was evident at a concentration of less than 0.1 gamma/ml. the bactericidal concentrations were close to the bacteriostatic ones with respect to 74 strains. the protective effect of rifampicin in mice with experimental anaerobic gaseous infaction caused by different species of pathogenic clostridia was evident at doses of 0.5 mg/kg. in infections caused by associations of clostridia and staph. aureus resistant ... | 1975 | 170854 |
| infrared linear dichroism investigations of deoxyribonucleic acid complexes with poly(l-arginine) and poly(l-lysine). | complexes between dnas from various sources and poly(l-lysine) and poly(l-arginine) were studied by means of infrared linear dichroism. the measurements of dichroic ratios allowed us to determine the orientation of the phosphate group of dna in the complexes with basic polypeptides. at high relative humidities (higher than 90%, b form), the bisector of the less than opo in the complexes forms an angle with respect to the helical axis which has a value lower by about 4 degrees than in the corresp ... | 1975 | 170956 |
| classification of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases based on 18o retention in the cleavage reaction. | oxygen (18) was used as a mechanistic probe in the investigation of several different sources of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (ec 4.1.2.13) which, due to differences in some physical and chemical properties, could not be clearly put in either class i or class ii. aldolases may be identified as belonging to a particular class on the basis of the amount of 180 retained in the dihydroxyacetone phosphate produced in the cleavage of [2-oxygen (18)] fructose 1,6-biphosphate. the mechanism of cl ... | 1975 | 170973 |
| [characteristics and types of clostridium perfringens derived from various animals]. | | 1975 | 170433 |
| food poisoning--four unusual episodes. | four unusual outbreaks of food poisoning occurring in the dunedin health district during the period 1971-1973 are described. these involved a contaminated cordial, a death associated with a clostridium perfringens outbreak, salmonellosis and infectious hepatitis in persons eating uncooked shellfish and symptoms associated with the ingestion of a normally edible fish--the trumpeter. | 1975 | 170567 |
| extracellular proteins in five clostridial species from human infections. | 347 strains from human infections were identified by gas-liquid chromatography of metabolic products and by conventional tests. simple agar-plate assays were used to analyze the ability to form extracellular proteins. more than 90% of all strains were hemolytic on agar containing rabbit erythrocytes and all were gelatinase producers. all strains of c. bifermantans, c. sordelli, and c. sporogenes were also caseinolytic on skimmed-milk agar, but strains of c. perfringens, c. novyi types a and b we ... | 1975 | 170498 |
| [studies on clostridium perfringens as a causative organism of food poisoning. 3. growth pattern of clostridium perfringens in food]. | | 1975 | 171326 |
| the activation of phospholipase c from clostridium welchii by quinine: an absolute requirement for calcium ions. | quinine activates the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline suspensions by phospholipase c (e.c. 3.1.4.3) obtained from clostridium welchii. low levels of calcium are an absolute requirement for this activation: mg2+, ba2+, sr2+, and zn2+ are ineffective. the induction period, or lag phase for this enzyme is dependent upon both calcium concentration and substrate interfacial surface area. at low concentrations (less then 50 mum) calcium ions affect the induction period but not the maximal rate of h ... | 1975 | 171093 |
| [clostridium perfringens as a causative organism in food poisoning. (2) incidence in commercial foods]. | | 1975 | 172565 |
| reduction of clostridium perfringens by feed additive antibiotics in the ceca of chickens infected with eimeria tenella. | two experiments were performed ot investigate the effect of feed additive antibiotics on clostridium perfringens and enterobacteriaceae in the ceca of chickens infected with eimeria tenella. in the first experiment, chickens were continuously fed rations containing thiopeptin, 2 mg./kg.; bacitracin, 20 mg./kg.; penicillin, 12 mg./kg.; or chlortetracycline, 22 mg./kg. one day after antibiotic feed was given, each bird received an oral inoculation of 30,000 e. tenella oocysts. the growth of c. per ... | 1975 | 169521 |
| recent developments in immunization against diarrheal diseases. | | 1975 | 169592 |
| necrotizing pneumonia and empyema due to clostridium perfringens. report of a case and review of the literature. | clostridia are rare causes of pleuropulmonary infections in the absence of penetrating chest injuries; only 10 previous cases have been reported from civilian practice. an additional case of a rapidly progressive, necrotizing pneumonia and empyema is reported. clostridial pneumonia is more likely to occur in patients with underlying pleuropulmonary disease. unlike clostridial myonecrosis, it is rarely associated with toxemia; its mortality rate is comparable to that of nonclostridial pleuropulmo ... | 1975 | 171947 |
| histopathological effect of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the rabbit ileum. | highly purified enterotoxin from clostridium perfringens was found to have histopathological activity in the rabbit ileum. unlike the action of cholera, escherichia coli, and shigella enterotoxins, epithelium was denuded from the tips of ileal villi at concentrations of the enterotoxin necessary to induce fluid accumulation in the rabbit. whether or not this observed histopathology is essential for the diarrheal syndrome associated with clostridium perfringens food poisoning remains unclear. | 1975 | 172454 |
| bacterial food-poisoning. | | 1975 | 173111 |
| unique bactericidal action of metronidazole against bacteroides fragilis and clostridium perfringens. | the comparative bactericidal activity of penicillin g, carbenicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole against eight susceptible strains of bacteroides fragilis and four strains of clostridium perfringens was determined by performing colony counts anaerobically of cultures incubated in brucella broth. with the b. fragilis strains, there was a lag phase of growth of approximately 8 h, during which time metronidazole did not reduce the colony counts. however, within 4 h of the onset of exponential g ... | 1975 | 172007 |
| solid-phase radioimmunoassays for quantitative antibody determination of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin. | two reversed solid-phase radioimmunoassays were developed for quantitative determination of antibodies against clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin. 125i-labeled prototoxin was used in the bromoacetylcellulose-bound antibody method and in the antibody-coated tube method. the antibody values which can be detected by the assays are in the range of 0.004 iu/ml of investigated serum. the methods allow the screening investigation of large groups of vaccinated sheep in a rapid and inexpensive ... | 1975 | 172010 |
| convenient non-chromatographic assays for the microbial deconjugation and 7alpha-oh bioconversion of taurocholate. | we described two convenient assay methods to estimate bile acid deconjugation and bile acid bioconversion at the 7alpha-oh position by individual microorganisms grown in media containing taurocholic acid. the methods are based on (i) a selective chemical assay for taurine conjugates previously described and (ii) the use of a cell-free preparation of 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from escherichia coli to directly quantify 7alpha-oh groups. these non-chromatographic approaches have been appl ... | 1975 | 172011 |
| [effect of trypsin and of the injection, technic on the immunogenic action of toxins from clostridium perfringens types d and e]. | | 1975 | 172064 |
| effect of cellular desialylation on choline high affinity uptake and ecto-acetylcholinesterase activity of cholinergic neuroblasts. | | 1975 | 172090 |
| activation of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase by enzymatic removal of sialic acid from intact neuroblastoma and astroblastoma cells in culture. | removal of sialic acid from intact mammalian nervous system cells in tissue culture is accompanied by an immediate increase in cellular cholinesterase activity. treatment of hamster astroblast cells (clonal line nn) and mouse neuroblastoma cells (clonal lines s21, n18, and n115) for brief periods with a low level of clostridium perfringens sialidase, 5 x 10(-3) units/ml, removed 1-15 mug of sialic acid per mg of cell protein and brought about a large increase in v0 and vmax of cellular acetylcho ... | 1975 | 172121 |
| studies on epsilon-prototoxin of clostridium perfringens type d. physicochemical and chemical properties of epsilon-prototoxin. | epsilon-prototoxin of clostridium perfringens type d consists of one polypeptide chain of 311 amino acids with the following composition: asp52 thr31 ser25 glu28 pro12 gly17 ala14 val28 met5 ile15 leu18 tyr17 phe8 lys31 his2 arg5 tyr2. it has no free cysteine but contains one blocked cysteine. the n-terminal as well as the c-terminal residue is lysine. the ultracentrifuge pattern gave one single boundary having s020,w = 2.15 s and do20,w = 5.56-10(-7) cm2/s. calculation of the molecular weight f ... | 1975 | 172146 |
| distribution of ferritin-conjugated lectins on sialidase-treated membranes of human erythrocytes. | the labeling of sialidase-treated, human erythrocyte membranes with ferritin-conjugates of four plant lectins, concanavalin a, ricinus communis hemagglutinin, bauhinia purpurea hemagglutinin and arachis hypogoea hemagglutinin, is reported. among these ferritin-conjugated lectins, ferritin-conjugated concanavalin a and ferritin-conjugated r. communis hemagglutinin were found in clusters on the sialidase-treated membranes, whereas ferritin-conjugated b. purpurea hemagglutinin and ferritin-conjugat ... | 1975 | 172150 |
| changes in lipid metabolism and cell morphology following attack by phospholipase c (clostridium perfringens) on red cells or lymphocytes. | when intact human erythrocytes were treated with phospholipase c (clostridium perfringens), up to 30% of the membrane phospholipids were broken down without significant cell lysis. only phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin were attacked. ceramide (derived from sphingomyelin) accumulated, but 1,2-diacylglycerol (derived from phosphatidylcholine) was largely converted into phosphatidate. up to 12% of the cell phospholipid could be converted into phosphatidate in this way. pig erythrocytes and lym ... | 1975 | 172156 |
| criteria and procedures for implicating clostridium perfringens in food-borne outbreaks. | | 1975 | 172212 |
| specificity in enzyme inhibition. 3. synthesis of 5-substituted 2,2-dimethyl-4-imidazolidinones as inhibitors of tyrosine decarboxylase and histidine decarboxylase. | 2,2-dimethyl-4-imidazolidinone derivatives of the alpha-amino acids dl-phenylglycine (1), dl-phenylalanine (2), l-tyrosine (3), l-histidine (4), and l-tryptophan (5) were prepared in order to assess their specificity in inhibiting amino acid decarboxylases. treatment of th alpha-aminonitriles with acetone in the presence of base and heat or treatment of the alpha-amino amides with acetone gave the title compounds in 48-85% yield. the compounds afforded moderate ability to inhibit the decarboxyla ... | 1976 | 173851 |
| [transfer of the tetracycline-chloramphenicol plasmid in clostridium perfringens]. | two plasmids which confer resistance to tetracycline-chloramphenicol and erythromycine-clindamycine were found in a strain of clostridium perfringens. the plasmid (tet-chl) was shown to be transferable to sensitive strains of c. perfringens. the transfer experiments were made with the wild type strain or strains cured by one plasmid or the other as donor strains. | 1975 | 172257 |
| heterogeneity of enterotoxin-like protein extracted from spores fo clostridium perfringens type a. | enterotoxin-like protein was extracted from spores of three enterotoxin-positive and three enterotoxin-negative strains of clostridium perfringens type a by urea/mercaptoethanol, alkaline mercaptoethanol and alkaline dithiothreitol. disc immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that three distinct enterotoxin-like proteins could be extracted. in 7% acrylamide gels, type i, type ii, and type iii enterotoxinlike proteins had relative mobilities of 0.52, 0.63, and 0.73 respectively. in contrast to disc i ... | 1975 | 172332 |