| outbreak of necrotising enterocolitis caused by clostridium butyricum. | 12 hospital-born babies had necrotising enterocolitis, of varying severity, within six weeks, 5 of them within ten days. the usually described predisposing causes were absent in most, though no baby was exclusively breast -fed. evidence of the presence of clostridium butyricum was found in the blood of 9 out of 10 babies examined. cl. butyricum is probably a primary, not a secondary invader. | 1977 | 73010 |
| clostridium butyricum and necrotising enterocolitis. | | 1978 | 74537 |
| partial purification and properties of acyl-coa reductase from clostridium butyricum. | | 1978 | 213033 |
| [biological properties of clostridium butyricum v. phytopathogenicum var. nova, the causative agent of hornbeam disease]. | | 1976 | 948266 |
| [studies on the culture of clostridium butyricum strain m 55 atcc 13.732. 4th communication: the influence of peptone quality upon kininase activity (author's transl)]. | studies of the oncolytic effect of cl. butyricum strain m 55 resulted in the hypothesis of oncolysis to be an effect of a continuous production of kinin-decomposing enzymes. a decomposition of bradykinin will reduce capillary permeability and microcirculation in the tumour tissue, thus releasing and maintaining the process of necrotization. to achieve an optimal oncolytic effect of cl. butyricum m 55, in addition to conditions already demanded in preceding papers, also an abundant production of ... | 1975 | 1146438 |
| [an intracellular polysaccharide involved in sporulation of "clostridium butyricum" i. cytology, production and preliminary enzymic analysis (author's transl)]. | free glucose concentration and polysaccharide production in clostridium butyricum cells have been studied with an enzymatic method. results indicated a substantial decrease in intracellular glucose content simultaneously with a production of polysaccharide prior to the end of exponential growth. then the polysaccharide accumulated rapidly to reach a maximum just before the first refractile spores appeared, and it decreased by 50% during the last stages (v and vi) of sproulation. electron microgr ... | 1975 | 1190638 |
| effect of clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam on three different beta-lactamases from bacteroides uniformis, clostridium butyricum and fusobacterium nucleatum. | the effect of three beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam used in clinical practice were compared for their activity against purified beta-lactamases from bacteroides uniformis, clostridium butyricum and fusobacterium nucleatum. the enzymes from b. uniformis and c. butyricum were produced in fermenters under controlled growth conditions and the enzyme from f. nucleatum was produced in batch cultures. purification of the beta-lactamases was achieved by anion-exchang ... | 1992 | 1331018 |
| effect of beta-lactamase inhibitors on beta-lactamases from anaerobic bacteria. | three beta-lactamase inhibitors in clinical use--clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam--were investigated for their activity on beta-lactamases from bacteroides uniformis, clostridium butyricum and fusobacterium nucleatum. purification of the beta-lactamases was carried out by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and fplc. the inactivation of beta-lactamase activity was determined spectrophotometrically with nitrocefin as substrate. various concentrations of the inhibitors were prei ... | 1992 | 1338315 |
| [serological examinations with apathogenic clostridia (m 55) (author's transl)]. | spores of the apathogenic clostridium butyricum (m 55) germinate after intravenous application in mammalians in tumor tissue only. on the basis of these earlier findings a diagnostic and prognostic procedure, used so far, namely the agglutinationtest with vegatative forms of this clostridium was improved by creation of a hemagglutination reaction. with different methods some different hemagglutinins have been isolated. their efficacy was tested against specific antibodies in rabbits and mice. th ... | 1975 | 1237207 |
| [studies on human sera for antibodies against clostridium butyricum strain jean h 8]. | in 235 human sera, antibodies against clostridium butyricum strain jena h8 could be demonstrated in 33 patients (15%); only 189 sera (80%) reacted negatively, and in 5% (13 sera) a questionable reaction was obtained. the results are discussed, pointing out the necessity of preliminary titer determination if the clostridia-tumor phenomenon is to be utilized for early diagnosis of cancer. | 1975 | 1221742 |
| [experiments concerning the enhancement of clostridial growth (clostridium butyricum 1672 a mcclung) by means of the anaerobic metabolism of ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells of the mouse (author's transl)]. | ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells stimulate the vegetative growth of clostridium butyricum in a modified parker medium under n2 atmosphere. the enhancement of clostridial growth depends on the number of tumour cells added. the ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells keep the ordinary transplantability after anaerobic incubation with the vegetative forms of clostridia. further means for the manometric investigations of the tumour clostridium phenomenon are discussed. | 1975 | 1203019 |
| [effect of carbon dioxide on the growth of clostridium butyricum and the biosynthesis of acetate]. | | 1975 | 1174593 |
| replacement of acyl and alk-1-enyl groups in clostridium butyricum phospholipids by exogenous fatty acids. | the effect of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids on the acyl and alk-1-enyl group composition of the phospholipids of clostridium butyricum has been examined. unsaturated fatty acids support the growth of this organism in the absence of biotin. when cells were grown at 37 degrees in media containing oleate or linoleate and a casamino acid mixture containing traces of biotin, the exogenous fatty acids were found mainly in the alk-1-enyl chains of the plasmalogens with less pronounced incorporation ... | 1975 | 1164501 |
| characterization of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum strain by dna hybridization test and by in vivo and in vitro germination tests of spores. | the germination of spores of a neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum strain (bl 6340), which was isolated from infant botulism in italy, and that of a nontoxigenic c. butyricum type strain (ncib 7423) were studied. the spores of bl 6340 strain were killed at 80 c for 10 min, and required the mixture of l-alanine, l-lactate, glucose and bicarbonate for their optimal germination. these characteristics are the same as those of clostridium botulinum type e strain, but different from those of ncib 742 ... | 1991 | 1808463 |
| identification of clostridium botulinum, clostridium argentinense, and related organisms by cellular fatty acid analysis. | on the basis of 686 analyses of 285 strains of clostridium botulinum, clostridium argentinense (formerly c. botulinum type g), and phenotypically related organisms, 14 cellular fatty acid (cfa) groups of toxic organisms and 6 cfa groups of nontoxic organisms were delineated. the cfa groups of toxic strains included two of type a, three of proteolytic strains of type b, two of proteolytic strains of type f, one each of nonproteolytic strains of types b, e, and f, and one each of types c alpha, c ... | 1991 | 1864927 |
| purification of two clostridium bacteriocins by procedures appropriate to hydrophobic proteins. | two clostridocins distinguishable by their different modes of action on clostridium pasteurianum have been isolated, namely, butyricin 7423 found in cultures of clostridium butyricum ncib 7423 and perfringocin 11105 produced by clostridium perfringens type a, ncib 11105. both were trypsin-susceptible proteins which were soluble in concentrated aqueous ethanol and were able to bind large amounts of the nonionic detergent triton x-100. in the presence of triton x-100, butyricin 7423 behaved as a h ... | 1975 | 1137378 |
| immunological characterization of clostridium butyricum neurotoxin and its trypsin-induced fragment by use of monoclonal antibodies against clostridium botulinum type e neurotoxin. | we examined the reactivities of clostridium butyricum neurotoxin to nine monoclonal antibodies against clostridium botulinum type e neurotoxin which recognize the light chain or the amino-terminal half (h-1 fragment) or the carboxyl-terminal half (h-2 fragment) of the heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxin. butyricum neurotoxin and its derived chains did not react to two of four monoclonal antibodies recognizing the light chain, one of three recognizing the h-1 fragment, and one of two recognizing ... | 1991 | 1987060 |
| [a simple method for breeding major spore quantities of clostridium butyricum to be used in experiments for tumour diagnostics and therapy (author's transl)]. | a simple method is described for breeding major spore quantities of clostridium butyricum using a modification of berger's iron bouillon. the method allows the breeding of cultures with comparatively high spore-forming rates which is essential for the use of such spores in experiments in the field of early tumour diagnostics and tumour therapy. | 1975 | 1098610 |
| [tumor hyperthermia using high frequency for increase of oncolysis by clostridium butyricum (m 55)]. | in solid experimental tumors hypoxic cells preferably are inactivated by means of a short-termed radio-frequency treatment with eddy-current fields. hence follows an increase of the necro-biotic areas. the presence of anoxic-necrobiotic areas is indispensable for the termination of certain anaerobic spores such as clostridium butyricum s. oncolyticum (m 55). local tumor hyperthermy is tested as a technique in altogether 861 mice bearing neck tumors, in order to enhance the germination of oncolyt ... | 1976 | 1006715 |
| [on n2-fixing clostridia and bacilli from soils (author's transl)]. | in total 30 nitrogen-fixing, saccharolytic clostridia and 4 nitrogen-fixing bacilli, all freshly isolated from gleyed soils, were screened for sensitivity to 20 antibiotics. the isolates were compared in their sensitivity with 5 type cultures representing the species clostridium butyricum, c. saccharobutyricum (2 strains) c. multifermentans and c. sporogenes. generally speaking, both clostridia and bacilli are sensitive to the same antibiotics (table 2). in addition, the nitrogen-fixing bacilli ... | 1976 | 970026 |
| [inhibition of enteropathogens by clostridium butyricum miyairi 588]. | the inhibitory effect of clostridium butyricum miyairi 588 against various enteropathogens was investigated in mixed cultures. it was observed that c. butyricum m588 inhibited the growth of vibrio cholerae o1, v. cholerae non-o1, aeromonas hydrophila, and shigella flexneri. considering that the interaction between c. butyricum and shigella is especially important because of their proliferation site in the lower intestine, further examinations were carried out on shigella in particular. results w ... | 1990 | 2193065 |
| butyricin 7423: a bacteriocin produced by clostridium butyricum ncib7423. | butyricin 7423 is a trypsin-sensitive bacteriocin produced by clostridium butyricum ncib7423 and active against some other species of clostridium. it has a bactericidal but non-lytic action on growing cultures of clostridium pasteurianum. the primary action of butyricin 7423 appears to be at the cell membrane. thus treatment of c. pasteurianum with an excess of butyricin altered the permeability of its cell membrane, allowing the release of several metabolites and ions. efflux of rubidium ions f ... | 1976 | 956780 |
| [hydrogenase activity of different strains of clostridium butyricum]. | extracts of the cells of clostridium butyricum, strains mo-1, usa, tm-7b, ws-6k, and c. pasteurianum 038 absorb hydrogen in the presence of its different acceptors; hydrogen is absorbed most actively by the cell extracts of c. pasteurianum 038. the cell extracts of all studied strains of clostridium liberate hydrogen from reduced methylviologene, benzylviologene, and azocarmine. the rate of this process in the presence of reduced methyl-viologene was highest in the strains of c. butyricum, tm-7b ... | 1976 | 940495 |
| efficiency factors and atp/adp ratios in nitrogen-fixing bacillus polymyxa and bacillus azotofixans. | the efficiency factor, the number of moles of atp generated per mole of glucose fermented, was determined in anaerobic, non-carbon-limited n2-fixing cultures of bacillus polymyxa, bacillus macerans, bacillus azotofixans, and clostridium butyricum through identification and quantitation of the fermentation products by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and measurement of acetate kinase activities. all three bacillus species had acetate kinase activities and produced acetate and ethanol a ... | 1990 | 2318806 |
| clostridium pseudotetanicum bacteremia in a patient with pasteurella multocida conjunctivitis. | clostridium pseudotetanicum only once previously has been identified as causing disease. pasteurella multocida has been identified only three times as the cause of purulent conjunctivitis. a very debilitated patient had c. pseudotetanicum bacteremia and p. multocida conjunctivitis from which she recovered only to die of a nosocomial staphylococcus epidermidis septicemia, originating in a site for the administration of intravenous fluids. | 1978 | 730826 |
| the liquefaction (oncolysis) of malignant gliomas by a non pathogenic clostridium. | vascular glioblastomas become liquefied when contaminated with spores of the non-pathogenic clostridium butyricum m 55. the spores are administered by intracarotid injection. the oncolysis is complete one week after injection. the glioblastoma is converted into a brain abscess which is then operated on appropriately. forty nine patients have been treated in this manner. the rate of recurrence, however, remained uninfluenced. | 1978 | 696441 |
| resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in anaerobic bacteria. | the known mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria involve production of beta-lactamases, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins, and blocked penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics through bacterial outer membranes. the most important factor in beta-lactam resistance is production of beta-lactamases, which have been found in various bacteroides, fusobacterium, and clostridium species. beta-lactam resistance in bacteroides fragilis is commonly mediated by beta-lactamases that ... | 1990 | 2406875 |
| effects of small amounts of pentadecan-2-one on the growth of clostridium butyricum. | primary alcohols occur as trace lipids and are the only long-chain alcohol species present in clostridium butyricum. secondary alcohols do not occur physiologically in this microorganism. exposure of these cells to the methyl ketone, pentadecan-2-one, results in a marked decrease in the primary alcohol content with the secondary alcohol, pentadadecan-2-ol, becoming the major alcohol present. this change in lipid composition is associated with a significant decrease in growth rate that is proport ... | 1978 | 690515 |
| [experiments with hemosensitins from clostridium butyricum]. | | 1977 | 602304 |
| changes in the cell wall of clostridium species following passage in animals. | morphological changes in clostridial isolates after animal passage with other flora in mixed infections were studied by utilizing a subcutaneous abscess model in mice. we used 26 isolates of 7 clostridial species, and one isolate each of bacteroides fragilis and klebsiella pneumoniae. abscesses were induced by all 7 clostridium perfringens and 3 clostridium butyricum isolates and by some of the other isolates. a thick granular wall prior to animal inoculation was shown only in c. perfringens, c. ... | 1986 | 2876678 |
| [tumor localization in vivo on the basis of scintigraphic detection of clostridium rods by means of 131j-labeled antibodies and f(ab')2 antibody fragments]. | the authors report about investigations for localization of tumours in vivo by scintigrafic iddntification of clostridium butyricum jena h8 by 131i-labelled antibodies and by 131i-labelled f(ab')2-fragment antibodies in mouse transplantation-tumour uvt 15264. the application of 131i-labelled anti-clostridial-rod-antibodies in tumour bearing mice demonstrates increase of radioactivity in tumours of animals, pretreated by spores, as well as in animals without pretreatment. these appearently unspec ... | 1979 | 532240 |
| [clostridium butyricum and bacteroides distasonis peritonitis in a child treated by peritoneal dialysis. usefulness of anaerobic culture after filtration]. | | 1986 | 2954070 |
| identification of restriction fragments from two cryptic clostridium butyricum plasmids that promote the establishment of a replication-defective plasmid in bacillus subtilis. | clostridium butyricum ncib 7423 carries two cryptic plasmids, pcb101 (6.05 kbp) and pcb102 (7.8 kbp). sites for the restriction enzymes ecori, ecorv, hindiii, clai and psti have been found in one or both of these plasmids and their relative positions determined. restriction fragments from both plasmids have been inserted into a vector plasmid (pjab1) that is able to replicate in escherichia coli but not in bacillus subtilis and the recombinant plasmids have been established in e. coli. a 3.3 kbp ... | 1985 | 2997368 |
| [germinating capacity of clostridium butyricum jena h 8 in transplantation tumors (author's transl)]. | following parenteral application of spores of clostridium butyricum their intratumoral germination and oncolysis were demonstrated on a variety of mouse transplantation tumors. the germination and propagation of the clostridia was restricted exclusively to the tumor tissue, they could not be demonstrated bacterioscopically in parallelly run normal tissue specimens. the observed differences of germination and lysis rate are due, in part, to tumor host and transplantate-specific properties. | 1979 | 475554 |
| metronidazole bioassay with increased sensitivity. | the bioassay of metronidazole using clostridium butyricum incorporated in agar plates detected concentrations higher than 1.0 microgram/ml. gentamicin in the sample did not affect the growth of the target organism or the inhibition by metronidazole. penicillin in the sample could be eliminated by the incorporation of penicillinase in the agar or by using as the target organism a surface inoculum of the penicillin-resistant bacteroides fragilis. increasing duration and temperature of aerobic pred ... | 1979 | 220515 |
| comparison of toxins of clostridium butyricum and clostridium botulinum type e. | the toxin of clostridium butyricum strains isolated from two infants with botulism is neutralized by antitoxin for type e botulinum toxin. this toxin and that of a c. botulinum type e strain were purified by the same protocol. both toxins were mr 145,000 proteins which, when activated with trypsin, were composed of an h subunit of mr 105,000 and an l subunit of mr 50,000. the activated specific toxicity of purified butyricum toxin based on an intravenous assay was 2 x 10(8) mouse 50% lethal dose ... | 1988 | 3126148 |
| effects of growth temperature and supplementation with exogenous fatty acids on some physical properties of clostridium butyricum phospholipids. | | 1977 | 198003 |
| taxonomy of the clostridia: ribosomal ribonucleic acid homologies among the species. | rrna homologies have been determined on reference strains representing 56 species of clostridium. competition experiments using tritium-labelled 23s rrna were employed. the majority of the species had dna with 27 to 28% guanine plus cytosine (%gc). these fell into rrna homology groups i and ii, which were well defined, and a third group which consisted of species which did not belong in groups i and ii. species whose dna was 41 to 45% gc comprised a fourth group. thirty species were placed into ... | 1975 | 168308 |
| genetic confirmation of identities of neurotoxigenic clostridium baratii and clostridium butyricum implicated as agents of infant botulism. | two unusual neurotoxigenic clostridia isolated from fecal specimens from patients with type f and type e infant botulism were phenotypically identical to the existing species clostridium baratii and c. butyricum, respectively. dna hybridization experiments confirmed that one strain was c. baratii and that the other was c. butyricum. these species therefore do contain neurotoxigenic strains and are possible causes of infant botulism. | 1988 | 3183004 |
| anaerobic dechlorination and degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. | screening studies with strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria showed that clostridium app. and several other representatives of bacillaceae and enterobacteriaceae actively degraded gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) under anaerobic conditions. representatives of lactobacillaceae and propronibacterium were inactive. with 36cl-labelled gamma-hch a nearly complete dechlorination was shown to occur in 4--6 days by clostridium butyricum, c. pasteurianum and citrobacter freundii, while other f ... | 1977 | 74989 |
| continuous hydrogen production by immobilized whole cells of clostridium butyricum. | | 1976 | 9145 |
| characterization of an organism that produces type e botulinal toxin but which resembles clostridium butyricum from the feces of an infant with type e botulism. | the apparent causative organism from the only reported case of type e infant botulism was isolated and characterized. except for its ability to produce type e botulinal toxin, this organism (strain 5262) would be unquestionably identified as clostridium butyricum. this is the second time an organism resembling a defined clostridium species other than a member of the c. botulinum group has been implicated in infant botulism. | 1986 | 3517043 |
| mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria. | the known mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria involve production of beta-lactamases, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins, and blocking of the penetration of beta-lactams through the outer membranes. the most important factor in beta-lactam resistance is the production of beta-lactamase. beta-lactamases in various bacteroides, fusobacterium, and clostridium species have been described. beta-lactam resistance in bacteroides fragilis is most commonly mediated by the pro ... | 1986 | 3541135 |
| physical characterization of the replication origin of the cryptic plasmid pcb101 isolated from clostridium butyricum ncib 7423. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a 3484-bp sau3a fragment, previously shown to carry the replication origin of the clostridium butyricum ncib 7423 plasmid pcb101 (6.05 kb), has been determined. of the four open reading frames (orf a-d) identified within this fragment, two (b and c) were shown to be encoding by in vitro transcription/translation assays. evidence was obtained that both polypeptides are required for autonomous replication of the plasmid in bacillus subtilis. orf c is immediately ... | 1992 | 1518909 |
| plasmid localization of a type e botulinal neurotoxin gene homologue in toxigenic clostridium butyricum strains, and absence of this gene in non-toxigenic c. butyricum strains. | it has been shown recently that two clostridium butyricum strains (atcc 43181 and atcc 43755) contain a botulinal neurotoxin type e (bont/e) gene closely related to that of c. botulinum type e. in this study, we show that this gene is located on a large plasmid in the two toxigenic c. butyricum strains and is absent in 18 non-toxigenic c. butyricum and c. beijerinckii strains. interestingly, the 230 bp upstream and the 1260 bp downstream of the neurotoxin coding sequence are not present in eithe ... | 1992 | 1490606 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the catb gene from clostridium butyricum. | sequence analysis of the clostridium butyricum chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene, catb, showed that it encoded a cat monomer of 219 amino acids with a molecular weight of 26,114. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the catb monomer to those of sixteen other cats showed that it was most closely related to the catq monomer from clostridium perfringens. | 1992 | 1489203 |
| lipid shape as a determinant of lipid composition in clostridium butyricum. the effects of incorporation of various fatty acids on the ratios of the major ether lipids. | the lipid composition of clostridium butyricum is strongly influenced by the aliphatic chain compositions of the membrane lipids. growth on cis-monounsaturated fatty acids in the absence of biotin was shown to affect the relative proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmenylethanolamine, and the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine most strongly, with smaller effects on the acidic lipids, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. the ratio of the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine to ... | 1987 | 3663673 |
| methodological aspects of a serodiagnostic clostridium tumour test--experience with spontaneous canine tumours. | the paper describes the development of appropriate antigen and method combinations for the microbiological cancer test using the non-oncolysing strain clostridium butyricum cnrz 528 in dogs with spontaneous tumours. the diagnostic rod antibodies could be determined quantitatively by the complement fixation test if a short-time warm fixation and a long-time cold fixation procedure were combined in separate runs and if two different antigens, a rod corpuscular antigen and a rod surface antigen, we ... | 1987 | 3673339 |
| sequences of the botulinal neurotoxin e derived from clostridium botulinum type e (strain beluga) and clostridium butyricum (strains atcc 43181 and atcc 43755). | recently, it has been shown that two clostridium butyricum strains (atcc 43181 and atcc 43755), isolated from cases of infant botulism, produce a botulinal neurotoxin type e (bont/e). here we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the bont/e genes of these two c. butyricum strains and from c. botulinum e strain beluga. we show that the sequences of the bont/e genes from the two c. butyricum strains are identical and differ in only 64 positions resulting in 39 amino acid changes (97% identit ... | 1992 | 1543481 |
| two cases of type e infant botulism caused by neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum in italy. | the first two confirmed cases of type e infant botulism occurred in two 16-week-old girls in rome, italy. the original diagnosis for the first patient was intestinal blockage due to an ileocecal invagination, which was treated surgically. postoperatively, the patient became unresponsive and required ventilatory assistance. a diagnosis of infant botulism was then made. the second infant presented to the same hospital 7 1/2 months later with profound weakness, hypotonicity, mydriasis, and areflexi ... | 1986 | 3722863 |
| cloning and whole nucleotide sequence of the gene for the light chain component of botulinum type e toxin from clostridium butyricum strain bl6340 and clostridium botulinum type e strain mashike. | chromosomal dnas were extracted from clostridium butyricum strain bl6340 and clostridium botulinum type e strain mashike. the 6.0 kbp fragment coding for the entire light chain (l) component and the n-terminus of heavy chain (h) component of botulinum type e toxin was obtained from each extracted dnas after digestion with hindiii. the entire nucleotide sequences for the light chain components of these cloned genes were determined, and the derived amino acid sequences were compared to each other, ... | 1992 | 1602997 |
| degradation of galactomannan by a clostridium butyricum strain. | an anaerobic, sporeforming, galactomannan-degrading bacterium was isolated from methanogenic granular sludge of an uasb reactor used for treatment of wastewater from a sugar refinery. the isolate degraded the polymer rapidly (doubling time was 55 min) and completely in mineral media. the bacterium was classified as clostridium butyricum; the main products were acetate, butyrate, hydrogen, formate, and presumably co2. the strain produced extracellular endo-mannanase, cell-associated exo-mannanase ... | 1991 | 1666501 |
| beta-lactamases in anaerobic bacteria. | the known mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria involve production of beta-lactamases, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins and blocked penetration of beta-lactams through the outer membranes. the most important factor in beta-lactam resistance is production of beta-lactamase. beta-lactamases in various bacteroides, fusobacterium and clostridium species have been described. beta-lactam resistance in bacteroides fragilis is most commonly mediated by beta-lactamase produc ... | 1985 | 3877980 |
| effects of solvents and alcohols on the polar lipid composition of clostridium butyricum under conditions of controlled lipid chain composition. | clostridium butyricum has been grown in media devoid of biotin, to which long-chain fatty acids have been added to promote growth. we have shown previously that, under these conditions, exogenous fatty acids are extensively incorporated into the cellular phospholipids. cells grown with elaidic acid, trans-9-18:1, have normal ratios of the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine (gaplae) to phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) plus plasmenylethanolamine (plae) compared with cells grown with biotin. whe ... | 1991 | 1785927 |
| experimental cecitis in gnotoxenic chickens monoassociated with clostridium butyricum strains isolated from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. | an animal model for clostridium butyricum necrotizing cecitis has been developed in axenic chickens inoculated orally between 2 and 50 days of life. cecitis was obtained with two c. butyricum strains isolated from neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and not with a clostridium beijerinckii strain from dairy products; the rate of colonization of the intestinal tract by this strain was lower than that obtained with c. butyricum strains. the clinical findings showed a slow gain in body weight. the ce ... | 1985 | 3972448 |
| comparative molecular topography of botulinum neurotoxins from clostridium butyricum and clostridium botulinum type e. | production of botulinum-like neurotoxin by a non-clostridium botulinum organism has profound implications in the epidemiology of the disease botulism. molecular topography of the approximately 150 kda neurotoxic protein produced by clostridium butyricum (strain 5839) and its activation kinetics were examined and compared with a serologically related botulinum neurotoxin produced by c. botulinum type e to further characterize the butyricum neurotoxin. botulinum neurotoxin was fully activated with ... | 1991 | 1901221 |
| cloning of a dna fragment encoding the 5'-terminus of the botulinum type e toxin gene from clostridium butyricum strain bl6340. | chromosomal dna was extracted from toxigenic clostridium butyricum strain bl6340 isolated from a case of infant botulism. after digestion by ecori, a dna fragment of about 1 kbp was cloned into escherichia coli using lambda gt11, and was subcloned into puc118. the e. coli cells transformed with this cloned fragment produced a 33 kda protein which reacted with monoclonal antibodies recognizing the light chain (lc) component of botulinum type e toxin. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned fragment ... | 1991 | 2033376 |
| phosphatidyltransferase of clostridium butyricum: specificity for diacylphosphoglycerides. | phosphatidyltransferase from clostridium butyricum, which catalyzes transfer of the phosphatidyl moiety of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), phosphatidylglycerol (pg) or phosphatidylserine to primary alcohols such as glycerol, serine and ethanolamine, was tested for its ability to catalyze transfer of the plasmenyl moiety from plasmalogen analogs of pe or pg to glycerol or ethanolamine, respectively. the cell membrane of c. butyricum contains high proportions of these plasmalogens. when diacyl and ... | 1990 | 2163683 |
| application of microbiological cancer test to cattle infected with bovine leucosis virus. | a microbiological cancer test, previously verified in men and dogs using a clostridium strain (clostridium butyricum cnrz 528), was applied to cattle infected with bovine leucosis virus (blv). an extended period of time was allowed to pass after infection with blv, which had been checked up through specific serological and virological examinations. the cattle belonged to different age groups and stages of infection (with and without haematological alterations [preleukosis], with incipient tumour ... | 1990 | 2167047 |
| survey of neuraminidase production by clostridium butyricum, clostridium beijerinckii, and clostridium difficile strains from clinical and nonclinical sources. | neuraminidase production was investigated in 57 clostridium butyricum strains, 16 clostridium beijerinckii strains, and 25 clostridium difficile strains. neuraminidase activity was found only in c. butyricum strains originating from one human newborn with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, two newborns with hemorrhagic colitis, one infected placenta, and one adult with peritonitis, it was concluded that neuraminidase was not a major virulence factor in c. butyricum strains. | 1985 | 4056013 |
| conjugative plasmid transfer from escherichia coli to clostridium acetobutylicum. | the conjugation mechanism of incp plasmids may be employed to mobilize small non-conjugative plasmids from escherichia coli to a wide range of different organisms. this strategy has been adapted for use with the gram-positive anaerobe, clostridium acetobutylicum ncib 8052. several shuttle vectors containing replicons from pam beta 1 (enterococcus faecalis), pcb101 (clostridium butyricum) or pwv01 (streptococcus cremoris), together with the cis-acting orit region of rk2, have been constructed, an ... | 1990 | 2199603 |
| [preventive effect of clostridium butyricum m588 against the proliferation of clostridium difficile during antimicrobial therapy]. | fecal flora of the patients without remarkable gastrointestinal diseases were studied. all patients were treated with antimicrobial drugs with or without miya-bm (the preparation of clostridium butyricum m588). the stools were examined before and after (during) antimicrobial treatment. fecal flora of 69 patients before medication was almost the same with that of healthy adults as has been reported by mitsuoka et al. after giving antimicrobials, most bacterial genus except enterococcus and yeasts ... | 1990 | 2286785 |
| [the effect of clostridium butyricum (strain m 55) on human kininogen and its significance for the process of oncolysis]. | | 1972 | 4144944 |
| [immunological mechanism affecting oncolysis by clostridium butyricum]. | | 1972 | 4258924 |
| enumeration and confirmation of clostridium tyrobutyricum in silages using neutral red, d-cycloserine, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. | spores of clostridia in big bale silages, manure, and dairy products were enumerated and distinguished from other spore formers by using reinforced clostridium agar containing .005% neutral red. spores of clostridium tyrobutyricum predominated, but spores of clostridium butyricum, clostridium sporogenes, clostridium bifermentans, clostridium putrificum, and clostridium sphenoides occurred to a lesser extent. in samples with high bacterial spore counts, growth of bacillus spp., but not c. tyrobut ... | 1990 | 2341647 |
| phospholipids of clostridium butyricum. v. effects of growth temperature on fatty acid, alk-1-enyl ether group, and phospholipid composition. | many anaerobic bacteria have a high proportion of 1-alk-1'-enyl ethers (plasmalogens) among their phospholipids. we have examined the effects of growth temperature on the phospholipid, fatty acid, and alk-1-enyl group compositions of clostridium butyricum. when the growth temperature was decreased from 37 degrees c to 25 degrees c, the proportion of glycerol phosphoglycerides (the sum of phosphatidylglycerol and the corresponding plasmalogen) increased at the expense of the ethanolamine and n-me ... | 1974 | 4415053 |
| phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine as an intermediate in ether lipid formation in clostridium butyricum. | the formation and turnover of the recently discovered phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine was investigated in clostridium butyricum. incorporation of phosphate into the phospholipids was studied by using [32p]orthophosphate in pulse and pulse-chase experiments in growing cells. among the ethanolamine-containing lipids, the diacyl form of phosphatidylethanolamine was labeled most rapidly, followed by the phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine and plasmenylethanolami ... | 1990 | 2350489 |
| [therapeutic experiments with spores of strain clostridium butyricum and cyclophosphamide in jensen sarcoma, walker carcinoma, and ds carcinosarcoma of the rat (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4447441 |
| ammonia assimilation pathways in nitrogen-fixing clostridium kluyverii and clostridium butyricum. | pathways of ammonia assimilation into glutamic acid were investigated in ammonia-grown and n2-fixing clostridium kluyverii and clostridium butyricum by measuring the specific activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. c. kluyverii had nadph-glutamate dehydrogenase with a km of 12.0 mm for nh4+. the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway played an important role in ammonia assimilation in ammonia-grown cells but was found to play a minor role relative to that of ... | 1989 | 2564848 |
| metabolism of polychlorinated norbornenes by clostridium butyricum. | | 1972 | 4555441 |
| [treatment of malignant tumors with spores of clostridium butyricum m 55. 3. therapeutic experiments on metastasizing tumors of various organs]. | | 1972 | 4560621 |
| [the behaviour of clostridium butyricum in the early ehrlich-carcinoma of the mouse-investigations on the tumour-clostridium-phenomenon (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4603881 |
| [inactivation of pyruvate-formiate lyase from clostridium butyricum]. | | 1972 | 4649797 |
| purification and characterization of a new beta-lactamase from clostridium butyricum. | a highly penicillin-resistant beta-lactamase-producing strain of clostridium butyricum, strain nbl 3, was isolated. the specific activity of the unpurified beta-lactamase was 0.29 u/mg of protein. the enzyme was purified 1,130-fold by qae zetaprep, sephacryl s-300, and mono q column passages. the purified enzyme was judged homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient gel electrophoresis and fast protein liquid chromatography. the enzyme hydrolyzed phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, amp ... | 1989 | 2802556 |
| an investigation of the oxidation-reduction potential and of the effect of oxygen on the germination and outgrowth of clostridium butyricum spores, using platinum electrodes. | | 1973 | 4787611 |
| experimental cecitis in gnotobiotic quails monoassociated with clostridium butyricum strains isolated from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and from healthy newborns. | using axenic quails fed a diet containing lactose, we have investigated the potentially pathogenic roles of six clostridium butyricum strains of human origin. three strains (cb155-3, cb1002, and cb203-1) isolated from neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis patients and two of three strains (cb19-1 and cb25-2) isolated from healthy newborns led to cecal or crop lesions or both similar to those observed in human neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: thickening of the cecal wall with gas cysts, hemorrhag ... | 1989 | 2917793 |
| the glioblastoma multiforme: a lifelong challenge to the neurosurgeon. | during a period of 34 years 1316 gliomas of the brain have been treated, among them 508 glioblastomas (= 39%). in addition to the operative removal and postoperative x-ray therapy of glioblastomas various attempts have been undertaken to prevent recurrences: intracerebral application of cobalt60 (6 patients); locally applied antimitotic agents (76 patients); bacterial liquefaction induced by intracarotid administration of clostridium butyricum m 55 spores ("oncolysis", 67 patients); circumscribe ... | 1986 | 3008012 |
| [prevention of experimental antibiotic-associated diarrhea by clostridium butyricum]. | | 1988 | 3070066 |
| [cultivation of clostridium butyricum m 55 strain. 1. cultivation in peptone-containing media]. | | 1970 | 4923792 |
| [structure of clostridia of the butyric group. i. sporulation of clostridium butyricum and clostridium saccharobutyricum]. | | 1971 | 4927234 |
| a study of the effect of carbon dioxide on the germination and outgrowth of spores of spores of clostridium butyricum using a slide culture technique. | | 1970 | 4930564 |
| [cultivation of clostridium butyricum, strain m 55. ii. cultivation in meat extract media]. | | 1971 | 4932521 |
| total counts of bacillus megaterium and clostridium butyricum spore suspensions using a microlitre syringe. | | 1970 | 4995937 |
| cloning of two chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes from clostridium butyricum and their expression in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. | two non-homologous chloramphenicol (cm) acetyltransferase (cat) genes, designated cata and catb, were cloned from clostridium butyricum type strains and characterized by restriction mapping. both genes are efficiently expressed in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. in contrast to analogous genes from staphylococci and bacilli, gene expression is not dependent on induction by cm. the genes are considered as chromosomal, since no association with endogenous plasmids was detectable. southern h ... | 1988 | 3148853 |
| production of volatile fatty acids as a result of bacterial interactions in the cecum of gnotobiotic rats and chickens fed a lactose-containing diet. | volatile fatty acid (vfa) productions from lactose and lactate by a clostridium butyricum and a veillonella alcalescens strain, alone or in combination with a lactobacillus acidophilus strain, were determined both in vitro in culture media and in vivo in the ceca of gnotobiotic animals. gnotobiotic rats, which possess intestinal lactase, and chickens, which are devoid of it, were used. both animal species were fed a diet containing 4% lactose. the in vitro results showed that the c. butyricum st ... | 1988 | 3148988 |
| purification and partial characterization of two proteinases from clostridium butyricum m 55. | clostridium butyricum m55 proteinases were purified by application of a multistep procedure involving ethanol precipitation, deae cellulose chromatography and molecular sieving. the purified enzymes obtained were called proteinase i and proteinase ii. they appeared to be homogeneous when examined by molecular sieving and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the highly purified proteinases were studied for their physico-chemical properties. the influences of ph, temperature, ionic strength and ami ... | 1988 | 3293333 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel four-chain ether lipid from clostridium butyricum: the phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine. | we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel four-chain ether phospholipid in clostridium butyricum grown on petroselinic acid in the absence of biotin. the results of quantitative analyses of hydrolytic products, selective hydrolysis by mild acid or phospholipase c, 1h-, 13c-, and 31p-nmr, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy (fabms) have resulted in the determination of the structure of this lipid as a phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine. smaller amounts of ... | 1988 | 3382687 |
| regulation of bilayer stability in clostridium butyricum: studies on the polymorphic phase behavior of the ether lipids. | three of the major phospholipids of the cell membrane of clostridium butyricum are phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), plasmenylethanolamine (plae), and the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine. when cultured in the absence of biotin in media supplemented with a cis-unsaturated fatty acid, the cellular lipids become highly enriched with the fed fatty acid. under these conditions, the ratio of the glycerol acetal of plae to the sum of pe plus plae increases markedly over that seen in cells contain ... | 1987 | 3606994 |
| transphosphatidylation activity in clostridium butyricum. evidence for a secondary pathway by which membrane phospholipids may be synthesized and modified. | membrane particles from clostridium butyricum, incubated with triton x-100 and 32p-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, or phosphatidylserine, resulted in the labeling of three phospholipids. these unknown phospholipids incorporated label from the phosphate and acyl chains of the substrate, but not from the head group. two-dimensional tlc of the intact lipids and their deacylation products showed that these lipids were phosphatidic acid, cardiolipin, and the previously unrepor ... | 1987 | 3611063 |
| formation of acyl and alkenyl glycerol derivatives in clostridium butyricum. | | 1970 | 5417192 |
| the effect of oxygen on the germination and outgrowth of spores of clostridium butyricum. | | 1970 | 5516595 |
| phospholipids of clostridium butyricum. iv. analysis of the positional isomers of monounsaturated and cyclopropane fatty acids and alk-1'-enyl ethers by capillary column chromatography. | the positional isomers of the cyclopropane fatty acids of clostridium butyricum phospholipids have been analyzed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. greater than 95% of the methylenehexadecanoic acids was the 9,10 isomer. on the other hand, 60-70% of the hexadecenoic acid precursors was the delta(7) isomer, and the remainder was the delta(9) isomer. of the methyleneoctadecanoic acids 75-80% was the 11,12 isomer, with the remainder being the 9,10 isomer. there were approximately equal ... | 1971 | 5554109 |
| deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the plasmalogens and the glycerol acetals of plasmalogens of clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii. | deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance was used to investigate the structure of different lipid fractions isolated from the anaerobic bacteria clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii. the fractions isolated from c. butyricum were (1) phosphatidylethanolamine/plasmenylethanolamine and (2) the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine, and from c. beijerinckii similar fractions containing principally (1) phosphatidyl-n-monomethylethanolamine, along with its plasmalogen, and (2) the glycero ... | 1987 | 3676294 |
| phospholipids of clostridium butyricum. 3. further studies on the origin of the aldehyde chains of plasmalogens. | | 1967 | 5633398 |
| bifidobacterium, bacteroides, and clostridium spp. in fecal samples from breast-fed and bottle-fed infants with and without iron supplement. | bifidobacterium, bacteroides, and clostridium spp. isolated from the feces of 23 neonates during the first 3 months of life were identified. of the 23 neonates, 10 were breast fed, 6 received an infant formula with iron supplement (5 mg/liter), and 7 received the formula without iron supplement (iron concentration, less than 0.5 mg/liter). the bifidobacterium spp. most frequently isolated from the three groups of infants were b. longum, b. breve, b. adolescentis, and b. bifidum. the bacteroides ... | 1987 | 3818925 |
| [study of factors controlling the growth and sporulation of clostridium butyricum. i. composition of the culture medium]. | | 1965 | 5847938 |
| [on the synthesis of alanine and aspartate from acetate and co2 in clostridium butyricum]. | | 1966 | 5961231 |
| [biological activity of a polar lipid of clostridium butyricum spores]. | a fraction of polar lipids was isolated from spores of the anaerobic bacterium clostridium butyricum 35/11 exerting a noticeable radioprotective effect. the main biological activity of spore extracts was associated with this fraction. the fraction of polar lipids inhibited autolysis of the bacterial cell walls. the fraction was found to contain a phenolic glycolipid and a peptide component. the bacteriostatic and radiotherapeutic properties of the fraction are presumed to be due to its membranot ... | 1986 | 3821590 |
| phospholipid aliphatic chain composition modulates lipid class composition, but not lipid asymmetry in clostridium butyricum. | the phospholipid composition of the butyric acid-producing clostridia is responsive to the degree of enrichment of the lipids with cis-unsaturated fatty acids. when clostridium butyricum and clostridium beijerinckii are grown on oleic acid in media devoid of biotin, the acyl and alk-1-enyl chains of the phospholipids become highly enriched with 18:1 and c19-cyclopropane. under these conditions there is a marked increase in the glycerol acetals of the major plasmalogens of these organisms. we hav ... | 1985 | 3970912 |
| the amino acid sequence of clostridium butyricum ferredoxin. | | 1967 | 6078085 |