| large, identical, tandem repeating units in the c protein alpha antigen gene, bca, of group b streptococci. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the united states. the surface-associated c protein alpha antigen of gbs is thought to have a role in both virulence and immunity. we previously cloned the c protein alpha antigen structural gene (named bca for group b, c protein, alpha) into escherichia coli. western blots of both the native alpha antigen and the cloned gene product demonstrate a regularly laddered pattern of heterogeneous polypeptides. the nu ... | 1992 | 1438195 |
| clinical application of urine antigen detection in early onset group b streptococcal disease. | the aim of this study was to test the sensitivity and specificity of antigen detection for group b streptococcus (gbs) from the urine of neonates with early onset gbs sepsis. gbs sepsis was defined as early (< 48 hours) signs of sepsis in a neonate colonised with gbs. neonates of 26 weeks' gestation or more, considered at risk for sepsis, were prospectively investigated for one year. investigations included culture of superficial swabs to assess colonisation, blood culture, and the wellcogen str ... | 1992 | 1444559 |
| acute infection of mice with highly virulent group b streptococci as a host resistance model for immunotoxicity assessment. | this report describes a unique model for immunotoxicity evaluation in mice. the model is adapted from previously described mouse models for group b streptococcus (gbs) infections in human neonates. in this disease as well as a number of human diseases caused by highly virulent pathogens, the mechanisms of innate immunity are unable to protect the host, and survival is strictly dependent on acquired immunity. unlike other host resistance models widely used in immunotoxicity studies, the gbs model ... | 1992 | 1444807 |
| unusual presentation of group b streptococcus osteomyelitis. | | 1992 | 1461704 |
| group b streptococcal disease in the united states, 1990: report from a multistate active surveillance system. | group b streptococcal (gbs) disease is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the united states. it is also an important cause of morbidity among pregnant women and adults with underlying medical conditions. because most states have not designated gbs disease as a reportable condition, previous estimates of the incidence of gbs disease were based on studies from single hospitals or small geographic areas. this report summarizes the results of population-based active surveilla ... | 1992 | 1470102 |
| [group b streptococcus]. | | 1992 | 1475733 |
| early-onset group b streptococcal sepsis: a current assessment. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a common cause of early-onset sepsis in neonates. the most recent reviews describing incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome evaluated data on patients from the early 1980s. to obtain current information about this disease, we retrospectively evaluated data on neonates with gbs early-onset sepsis from nine hospitals in the united states between jan. 1, 1987, and dec. 31, 1989. there were 245 infants with gbs bacteremia identified among 61,809 live births, resu ... | 1992 | 1517922 |
| intravenous immune globulin therapy for early-onset sepsis in premature neonates. | newborn infants may have igg deficiencies that increase their susceptibility to bacterial infection. to determine whether intravenous immune globulin (ivig) therapy improves survival rates in early-onset sepsis, we prospectively entered 753 neonates (birth weight 500 to 2000 gm, gestation less than or equal to 34 weeks, age less than or equal to 12 hours) into a multicenter, double-blind, controlled trial. blood culture specimens were obtained and infants randomly assigned to receive 10 ml (per ... | 1992 | 1517923 |
| prosthetic hip-joint infection associated with a penicillin-tolerant group b streptococcus. | we report a case of prosthetic hip-joint infection with streptococcus agalactiae (lancefield group b streptococcus). the infection recurred after 3 months' treatment with amoxycillin. on further investigation, the isolate was found to be amoxycillin-tolerant. addition of gentamicin abolished tolerance in vitro and the patient has remained asymptomatic since receiving a 10-day course of amoxycillin and gentamicin followed by amoxycillin alone. | 1992 | 1522327 |
| [incidence of mycoplasma and group b streptococci in the genitourinary system of pregnant women and their effect on pregnancy]. | this study included 59 pregnant women and their mature infants born in term in order to establish the incidence of potential microorganisms that may transmit through the birth canal to infant and the evidence for vertical transmission in pregnancy. using isolation studies based on selective methods, it was found that u.urealyticum had the highest incidence with 26 (44%) and diphtheroid was isolated from 19 (32.2%), staphylococcus from 17 (28.8%), m.hominis from 16 (27.1%), group b streptococcus ... | 1992 | 1528145 |
| [neonatal digestive implantation of streptococcus group b. influence of antibiotic therapy]. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important cause of neonatal infection. early-onset diseases are due to perinatal contamination. the epidemiology of late-onset infections is poorly known. maternal colonization may be responsible for some of them. the relationships between neonatal colonization and late disease could be a colonization of the gut. the purpose of this 3 year-prospective study was to analyse the kinetics of gut colonization in neonates and the influence of antibiotherapy. one hundr ... | 1992 | 1530437 |
| therapeutic use of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in neonatal rats with type iii group b streptococcal sepsis. | the use of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhgm-csf) as therapy in neonatal sepsis has been proposed because of observed defects in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmnl) production and function in infected neonates. newborn rats were infected intraperitoneally (ip) with type iii group b streptococcus (iii-gbs) and effects of treatment with rhgm-csf given ip 7-19 h after infection were studied. overall mortality was 67% in controls and 37% in animals treated with ... | 1992 | 1533238 |
| group b streptococcus-induced acidosis in newborn swine: regional oxygen transport and lactate flux. | to investigate the mechanism of metabolic acidosis resulting from group b streptococcal sepsis, oxygen metabolism and lactate flux of the cerebrum, hindlimb, liver, splanchnic organs, and systemic vascular bed as a whole were examined. nine 3- to 5-day-old awake and spontaneously breathing piglets were studied before and after 3, 4, and 5 h of continuous live group b streptococcus infusion. after 5 h, oxygen delivery was decreased to all organs and to the whole systemic vascular bed. increased o ... | 1992 | 1537725 |
| preterm premature rupture of membranes: results of expectant management in patients with cervical cultures positive for group b streptococcus or neisseria gonorrhoeae. | the antepartum course and short-term neonatal outcome for patients with premature rupture of membranes between 26 and 33 weeks' gestation with positive cervical cultures for group b streptococcus or neisseria gonorrhoeae were reviewed. | 1992 | 1550170 |
| group b streptococcus: a cause of urinary tract infection in nonpregnant adults. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a well-known cause of infection in the perinatal and puerperal periods, but its role as a urinary tract pathogen of adults in nonobstetric situations has not yet been defined. we carried out a prospective 19-month study of all nonpregnant adult patients with significant gbs bacteriuria. this microorganism accounted for 2% of positive urine cultures. our series included 60 patients, 85% of whom were women and 95% of whom had at least one underlying condition. urinar ... | 1992 | 1554836 |
| group b streptococcal sepsis in piglets: effect of combined pentoxifylline and indomethacin pretreatment. | group b streptococcus (gbs), a common neonatal gram-positive pathogen, causes similar pathophysiology in human newborns and neonatal animal models of sepsis. animal models of gbs sepsis demonstrate a two-phase response: 1) an acute phase (less than 1 h) of increased pulmonary artery pressure (ppa) and reduced arterial oxygen pressure (pao2) that is associated with increased serum thromboxane b2 (txb2) and 2) a late phase (2-4 h) of persistently increased ppa and reduced pao2, reduced systemic ar ... | 1992 | 1561007 |
| once-daily ceftriaxone to complete therapy of uncomplicated group b streptococcal infection in neonates. a preliminary report. | newborn infants minimally symptomatic with non-central nervous system (cns) infections due to streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) and other pathogens may not require skilled nursing care during the entire course of parenteral antibiotic therapy. in 1985, treatment guidelines were made available to private practitioners in oregon for therapy of newborn infants at low risk of complications from their infections. in 1988, patient data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. ... | 1992 | 1582092 |
| development of igm antibody to group b streptococcus type iii in human infants. | an elisa was developed to measure igm antibody to albumin-coupled native capsular polysaccharide of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs). the assay was standardized by two double-label methods that agreed within 33%. in quantitative assays, the range of igm antibody to type iii gbs in the sera of 94 adult pregnant women was 1.2-50.6 micrograms/ml (median, 5.4), while each of 38 cord serum samples contained less than 0.03 micrograms/ml igm antibody. neonatal rats were passively immunized with a s ... | 1992 | 1583322 |
| intrapulmonary bacterial clearance of type iii group b streptococcus is reduced in preterm compared with term rabbits and occurs independent of antibody. | intrapulmonary clearance of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs) and related phagocytic recruitment was studied in preterm and term rabbits at 4 and 8 h after aerosol infection using left lung homogenates to quantify gbs and right lung bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) to recover phagocytes. opsonophagocytosis of type iii gbs by pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam) was studied in vitro with a modified differential fluorescence-quenching method using pam lavaged from preterm, term, and adult rabbits. ... | 1992 | 1586063 |
| [the local prevalence of group b streptococcus in pregnant women and newborn infants]. | in this study, group b streptococcus (gbs) were investigated in vaginal swabs obtained from 76 pregnant women and in samples of newborn infants obtained from different areas of their bodies. gbs were determined in 5.2% of women and 3.96% of infants. gbs were recovered in 15.4% of the women in their first pregnancy and in 13.3% of women in their second pregnancy. gbs could not isolated from the women in their third and more pregnancies. all eight species of gbs were sensitive to amp + sulbactam, ... | 1992 | 1588850 |
| impact of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis blockade on disposition of group b streptococcus in lung and liver of intact piglet. | group b streptococci (gbs) localizing in the lungs of infant piglets is killed in part by an oxygen radical-dependent mechanism (bowdy bd, marple sl, pauly th, coonrod jd, gillespie mn: am rev respir dis 141:648-653, 1990). the source of bactericidal oxygen radicals is unknown, but cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid, an initial event in prostanoid synthesis, is accompanied by substantial oxygen radical generation. because blockade of prostaglandin h synthase (cyclooxygenase) with indomethacin ... | 1992 | 1594324 |
| group b streptococcus occult bacteremia. | | 1992 | 1603688 |
| prepatellar bursitis in an infant caused by group b streptococcus. | | 1992 | 1608695 |
| meningitis caused by group b streptococcus in association with cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. | | 1992 | 1623084 |
| [persistent non-inflammatory carriage of group b streptococcus in organs of newborn mice]. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important pathogen in newborn infants and has shown a remarkable increase in japan since 1970. it has been reported that the early-onset type of gbs infection may be caused by vertical transmission whereas the late-onset type may be caused by horizontal or nosocomial transmission. however we think that the late-onset type may be caused by continuous carriage of gbs after vertical transmission. therefore, we studied the continuous carriage of gbs using mice. mice ... | 1992 | 1624817 |
| prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal infections: advances in maternal vaccine development. | we describe the current state of prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal infections and present recent advances toward the development of a maternal vaccine for prevention of this disease. | 1992 | 1635750 |
| group b streptococcus pelvic osteomyelitis presenting as foot drop in a newborn infant. | | 1991 | 1656378 |
| prophylactic or simultaneous administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the treatment of group b streptococcal sepsis in neonatal rats. | despite the emergence of newer antibiotic treatments, group b streptococcal infection still carries a high mortality rate in the newborn and is characterized by reduced neutrophil proliferative pools, neutrophil storage pools, neutropenia, and polymorphonuclear cell dysfunction. recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhg-csf) has recently been demonstrated to induce neutrophilia and modulate neutrophil proliferative pools and neutrophil storage pools in the newborn rat. we ther ... | 1990 | 1694023 |
| comparison of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and the gram stain for detection of group b streptococcus in high-risk antepartum patients. | early-onset neonatal sepsis with group b streptococci is a major problem in the management of high-risk obstetrics. intrapartum treatment of the colonized mother reduces neonatal acquisition; however, many high-risk patients are delivered before culture results are available. this study prospectively evaluated a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the gram stain for their accuracy in rapid detection of group b streptococci in 131 high-risk patients. twenty positive cultures for group b str ... | 1990 | 1698337 |
| directed immune globulin for the prevention or treatment of neonatal group b streptococcal infections: a review. | intravenous immune globulin (ivig) is now used in many nurseries to prevent or treat neonatal infections. the most common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis is the group b streptococcus (gbs). commercially available ivig preparations have variable levels of specific antibody directed against gbs. therefore, to ensure high levels of anti-gbs antibody, we developed a polyvalent ivig directed against gbs (gbs-ivig) by immunizing plasma donors. this gbs-ivig was superior to standard ivig both in v ... | 1992 | 1728993 |
| effects of chain length on the immunogenicity in rabbits of group b streptococcus type iii oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates. | one method to improve the immunogenicity of polysaccharide antigens is the covalent coupling of the native polysaccharide or a derivative oligosaccharide to a carrier protein. in general, t cell-dependent properties are enhanced in conjugates of smaller saccharides, but a conformational epitope of the native polysaccharide may be better expressed in conjugates of larger saccharides. we have reported previously the synthesis and immunogenicity in animals of an oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conju ... | 1992 | 1729272 |
| group b streptococcus has no effect on piglet diaphragmatic force generation. | recent studies indicate that diaphragmatic contractility is adversely affected by bacterial infection. using transdiaphragmatic pressure (pdi) with phrenic nerve stimulation, the effect of continuous group b streptococcus (gbs) infusion on diaphragmatic force output was studied in seven anesthetized, spontaneously breathing 1-month old piglets. pdi was measured under baseline condition (50% o2/50% n2) and at 1, 2, and 4 h of gbs infusion. the gbs was infused at a level that caused a doubling of ... | 1992 | 1736760 |
| group b streptococcus infection in mother and child. | despite significant advances in obstetric and pediatric health care, group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus (gbs) remains one of the most prevalent and devastating pathogens in peripartum women and their newborn infants. it may cause urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis and endometritis, bacteremia, and cesarean wound infection in the peripartum period. moreover, gbs accounts for nearly 50% of serious neonatal bacterial infections. approximately three in every 1,000 children born in the unite ... | 1991 | 1744182 |
| the hemolytic and cytolytic activity of group b streptococcal hemolysin and its possible role in early onset group b streptococcal disease. | the in vitro and cytolytic properties of the hemolysin of group b streptococcus (gbs) were investigated using sheep erythrocytes and mccoy cells adapted for growth in a serum-deficient medium. the relationship between the hemolysin, various carrier molecules and phospholipids was examined. starch-based carriers interfered with the inhibitory activity of phospholipids and solvents for the phospholipids reduced the activity of the hemolysin. these technical problems were resolved by use of an albu ... | 1991 | 1745564 |
| the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis. | the incidence by age and causative organism of bacterial meningitis are not known on a community basis. | 1991 | 1746298 |
| the changing spectrum of group b streptococcal disease in infants: an eleven-year experience in a tertiary care hospital. | risk factors, clinical syndromes and the case-fatality rates associated with group b streptococcus (gbs) infections in infants managed at the university of rochester medical center during 1979 to 1989 were reviewed. overall 92 episodes of early onset disease (eod) and 54 of late onset disease (lod) were diagnosed in 143 infants (3 infants with eod presented later with lod). about one-third of patients with eod and controls were non-white compared with two-thirds of patients with lod that occurre ... | 1991 | 1749691 |
| a study of group b streptococcal carrier state during late pregnancy. | the carriage of group b streptococcus was investigated in 500 females in the third trimester of their pregnancy by culturing vaginal and rectal swabs and urine collected from each patient. a high rate of colonization was noted since 152 cases (30.4%) were found to harbor the organism, and 219 specimens (48%) from a total of 456 collected from these 152 cases were positive for streptococcus agalactiae. of the 219 positive specimens, 94 (42.9%) were vaginal swabs, 90 (41.1%) were rectal swabs and ... | 1991 | 1750107 |
| comparison of commercially available group b streptococcal latex agglutination assays. | detection of group b streptococcus (gbs) antigen in urine by latex particle agglutination (lpa) may facilitate the rapid diagnosis of gbs sepsis. we sought to compare three commercial lpa assays with specimens that were spiked with type-specific antigen, group-specific antigen, or type iii organisms. there were sensitivity differences between the assays, but the bactigen assay performed best, detecting as little as 1 ng of gbs group-specific antigen per ml in urine and as few as 10(5) cfu of gbs ... | 1991 | 1757570 |
| the vagina of women infected with trichomonas vaginalis has numerous proteinases and antibody to trichomonad proteinases. | patients with trichomoniasis have serum antibody to numerous t. vaginalis cysteine proteinases, indicating that the proteinases are expressed in vivo. it was important, therefore, to examine for the presence of soluble trichomonad proteinases and/or antibody to the proteinases in the vagina of infected women. | 1991 | 1774051 |
| influence of capsular neuraminic acid on properties of streptococci of serological group b. | neuraminic acid is thought to be a critical virulence factor of group b streptococci. the present study was designed to further characterize a previously described type iii group b streptococcus and its transposon-mutagenized asialo capsular mutant. the wild-type group b streptococcus grew as short chains with a uniform turbidity and had diffuse colonies in soft agar media. in contrast, the asialo mutant grew in fluid media as a granular sediment, formed significantly longer chains and had compa ... | 1991 | 1791427 |
| development of a vaccine against group b streptococcus. | | 1991 | 1821560 |
| non-inflammatory carriage of group b streptococcus in organs of mouse. | | 1991 | 1853708 |
| invasive group b streptococcal disease in adults. a population-based study in metropolitan atlanta. | to define the incidence and clinical spectrum of group b streptococcus infection in adults. to characterize groups at increased risk for infection. | 1991 | 1865545 |
| evaluation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay test for detection of group b streptococcus. | the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the icon immunoassay in detecting vaginal group b streptococcus in pregnant women. vaginal cultures were obtained at the time of sterile speculum examinations from 300 laboring women. the frequency of vaginal group b streptococcal colonization was 10%. a duplicate vaginal swab was used in the immunoassay, which required less than 10 minutes for completion. the immunoassay could reproducibly detect 3+ to 4+ growth (greater than 10(5) c ... | 1991 | 1876373 |
| group b streptococcus: the effectiveness of screening and chemoprophylaxis. | although antepartum screening for group b streptococcus is not ideal, it may be the most practical approach until rapid tests are proven to be useful in this clinical setting. the efficacy has been established for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis with a penicillin antibiotic of patients with a positive antepartum culture. there is evidence that supports the concept for selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis in some populations. intrapartum chemoprophylaxis prevents maternal morbidity. rapid tests fo ... | 1991 | 1886704 |
| latex agglutination detection of group-b streptococcal inoculum in urine. | it is not uncommon for a newborn to be blood culture negative, but urine latex particle agglutination (lpa) positive for group-b streptococcus (gbs). we hypothesized that whole-cell gbs contamination of urine, which is possible in bag-collected specimens, could cause lpa positivity. serial tenfold dilutions through 10(-8) of an 18-hr broth suspension of gbs serotype iii were prepared in sterile urine. directigen (becton-dickenson microbiologic systems, cockeyville, md) lpa testing was performed ... | 1991 | 1889172 |
| the role of c3 in mediating binding and ingestion of group b streptococcus serotype iii by murine macrophages. | to understand how complement effects phagocytosis of type iii group b streptococcus, we assessed the specific role of c3 in mediating binding and ingestion of these bacteria by macrophages. phagocytosis of bacteria by resident mouse peritoneal macrophages was measured under conditions in which c3 deposition on bacteria was inhibited or after blockade of c3-ligands or of complement receptor type three (cr3) with specific antibodies. c3 depletion, incubation with f(ab')2 fragments of antibody to c ... | 1991 | 1891276 |
| preventive efforts may reduce neonatal group b streptococcus. | | 1991 | 1918899 |
| [comparison between cultures of urine sediment and of the vagina for detection of carriers of group b streptococcus (gbs) among pregnant women]. | an attempt was made to detect carriers of group b streptococcus (gbs) among pregnant women by vaginal culture. reported carrier rates have varied from 3% to 15% and one study has reported that cultures of urine sediment showed a very high positivity rate of 30% among non-pregnant women. in this study, we cultured urine sediment from 110 non-pregnant and 415 pregnant women. among non-pregnant women, 26% were found to be gbs carriers by culture of urine sediment. among pregnant women, the carrier ... | 1991 | 1919135 |
| early onset neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) infection: associated obstetric risk factors. | an analysis of all early onset neonatal group b streptococcal (gbs) infections at the royal women's hospital, melbourne was made for the 10-year period 1979-1988. there were 104 cases with 29 neonatal deaths (28%). one or more predisposing perinatal risk factors was evident in 82% of cases (premature labour 79%, prolonged membrane rupture (greater than 12 hours) 57%, premature rupture of the membranes 69%, maternal sepsis 29%). overall, 88% of gbs infections were evident within 24 hours of birth ... | 1991 | 1930030 |
| group b streptococcus (gbs) and neonatal infections: the case for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. | at the royal women's hospital, melbourne over an 8-year period (1981-1988) all public antenatal patients were screened at 32 weeks' gestation for group b streptococcus (gbs). in a total of 30,197 livebirths there were no early onset neonatal gbs infections in infants of treated asymptomatic carrier mothers. by contrast there were 27 infections with 8 deaths in an unscreened control group of private patients (total livebirths 26,915). it is recommended that gbs screening occur antenatally at 28 w ... | 1991 | 1930031 |
| [study of carrier rate and immunity to group b streptococcus (gbs) in unmarried women]. | in order to study the carrier rate and immunity to group b streptococcus (gbs) of unmarried women, an urinary culture was taken and blood serum was assayed by elisa for type-specific antibody in female students. heretofore there have been very few reports about gbs in unmarried women in japan. the validity of urinary culture as a substitute for vaginal culture was initially studied. the carriage of gbs was evaluated by vaginal, anal and urinary cultures in 90 pregnant women. carrier detection we ... | 1991 | 1932783 |
| adjunctive clindamycin therapy for preterm labor: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of a course of clindamycin (administered for 3 days intravenously and 4 days orally) among hospitalized women with preterm labor at less than or equal to 34 weeks' gestation who were treated with tocolytics. one hundred three woman-perinate pairs were analyzed. univariate analysis demonstrated that pregnancies were continued longer in women treated with clindamycin than in women who ... | 1991 | 1951545 |
| microbiologic causes and neonatal outcomes associated with chorioamnion infection. | chorioamnion infection is associated with histologic chorioamnionitis and prematurity, but the specific chorioamnion microorganisms associated with histologic chorioamnionitis, prematurity, and poor neonatal outcome have not been identified. bacteria were recovered from the chorioamnion cultures of 32% of 112 placentas delivered at less than or equal to 34 weeks' gestation and from 19% of 156 placentas delivered at greater than 34 weeks' gestation (odds ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to ... | 1991 | 1951562 |
| tricuspid valve group b streptococcal endocarditis following elective abortion. | streptococcus agalactiae, a group b streptococcus, has been a well-known cause of postpartum and postabortion endocarditis since the preantibiotic era. streptococcus agalactiae is capable of infecting normal valves and usually produces left-sided disease. we describe a 30-year-old woman who developed tricuspid valve endocarditis due to s. agalactiae. excision of the valve and a 4-week course of therapy with vancomycin resulted in cure. | 1991 | 1962116 |
| comparison of culture for group b streptococcus versus enzyme immunoassay and latex agglutination rapid tests: results in 250 patients during labor. | two hundred fifty women in labor were screened for vaginal colonization by group b streptococcus using standard culture and two rapid tests. this primarily hispanic population had a group b streptococcus vaginal colonization rate of 2.4% (95% confidence interval 0.9-5.2%) for the patients sampled. an enzyme immunoassay and a latex agglutination test for group b streptococcus antigen both had sensitivities of 33% and had specificities of 99 and 95%, respectively, when compared with culture. neith ... | 1991 | 1984235 |
| comparison of functional activities between igg1 and igm class-switched human monoclonal antibodies reactive with group b streptococci or escherichia coli k1. | the influence of valence and heavy chain on antibody activity was investigated using transfectoma-derived, class-switched igg1 and igm human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with the bacterial pathogens escherichia coli k1 and group b streptococcus species. igg-igm pairs were compared in vitro for antigen binding and opsonic activities and in vivo for protective efficacy in neonatal rats. for the anti-e. coli pair, the igm mab was 1000-fold more potent in all assay formats. importantly, the ... | 1991 | 1988519 |
| upper genital tract isolates at delivery as predictors of post-cesarean infections among women receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. | the introduction of antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery has decreased the risk of postpartum endometritis and wound infection, but factors that contribute to prophylaxis failure are not understood. to determine factors that might contribute to postpartum infections following antibiotic prophylaxis, we cultured amniotic fluid, decidua, and chorioamniotic membrane specimens for anaerobic and facultative bacteria and for genital mycoplasmas at cesarean delivery. women were assessed daily f ... | 1991 | 1988895 |
| aerobic and anaerobic microbiologic factors and recovery of beta-lactamase producing bacteria from obstetric and gynecologic infection. | specimens obtained from 736 patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections were studied for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. bacterial growth was present in 714 specimens. these included 53 specimens of infected fallopian tubes, 470 of infected endometrium, 94 of infected amniotic fluid, 57 of aspirates of cul-de-sacs in instances of pelvic inflammatory disease, 14 labial and vaginal abscesses and 26 of bartholyn's cyst abscess. a total of 2,052 isolates (2.9 per specimen), 1,139 anaerobes (1 ... | 1991 | 1989117 |
| group b streptococcus: an unusual cause of severe peritonitis in young children treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) patients is only rarely caused by beta-hemolytical streptococci species. we describe two young children, aged 15 months and 5 years, respectively, who presented an unusually severe course of peritonitis due to group b beta-hemolytical streptococci. this course of the disease showed a strong similarity with neonatal streptococcal septicemia. in neonates, igg2 deficiency is thought to be partly responsible for the severity of this con ... | 1991 | 1992667 |
| group b streptococcus induces tumor necrosis factor in neonatal piglets. effect of the tumor necrosis factor inhibitor pentoxifylline on hemodynamics and gas exchange. | group b streptococcus (gbs), a common neonatal gram-positive pathogen, causes similar pathophysiologic features in human newborns and neonatal animal models of sepsis. previous reports suggest that mediators in addition to txa2 and pgi2 contribute to the late effects of gbs infusion (2 to 4 h), which include persistent increases in ppa, hypoxemia, systemic hypotension, and a progressive fall in co. tumor necrosis factor (tnf) infusion in animals produces several of the late gbs effects. we hypot ... | 1991 | 2001073 |
| nonhemolytic group b streptococcal osteomyelitis: identification and treatment in a five-week-old infant. | this article details the first reported case of neonatal osteomyelitis caused by a nonhemolytic group b streptococcus. the identification of the organism was delayed due to the lack of hemolysis on blood agar plates. therefore, the infant was treated with a more toxic regimen of antibiotics than would have otherwise been indicated. successful treatment of this nonhemolytic group b streptococcal osteomyelitis included a combination of both parenteral and oral antibiotics. proper identification of ... | 1991 | 2002269 |
| the epidemiology of group b streptococcal colonization in pregnancy. vaginal infections and prematurity study group. | risk factors for cervicovaginal group b streptococcal colonization at 23-26 weeks' gestation were studied in 7742 women participating in the vaginal infections and prematurity study. the prevalence of group b streptococcus was 18.6%, and was greatest in (predominantly caribbean) hispanics from new york city, followed by blacks, whites, and other (predominantly mexican) hispanics. group b streptococcus was more common among older women and women of lower parity, and less common among women living ... | 1991 | 2002986 |
| intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in newborn lambs infected with group b streptococcus. | to determine the efficacy of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (iabc) in neonatal group b streptococcal (gbs) infection, we studied five lambs, 10-14 days old, weighing from 4.7 to 6.7 kg. the lambs were instrumented with arterial and venous catheters, and a 5 french intra-aortic balloon catheter with balloon volumes of 3-5 ml was inserted into the femoral artery. a continuous infusion of heat-killed gbs organisms was infused at a rate of 1.7 to 6.2 x 10(8) org/kg/min, until a 30-50% decreas ... | 1991 | 2012717 |
| structural determination and immunochemical characterization of the type v group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide. | the type v capsular polysaccharide of group b streptococcus has been isolated and purified, and its repeating unit structure determined. the native type v polysaccharide contains d-glucose, d-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, and sialic acid in a molar ratio of 3:2:1:1. methylation analysis and 1h nmr and 13c nmr analysis of the native type v polysaccharide and of its specifically degraded products permitted the determination of the repeating unit structure of the type v polysaccharide: ... | 1991 | 2016287 |
| immunoglobulin therapy for neonatal sepsis: an overview of animal and clinical studies. | bacteria such as escherichia coli and group b streptococci are common neonatal pathogens. neonates infected perinatally often develop overwhelming sepsis which may rapidly progress to shock and death in just a few hours. this fulminant course suggests that immunity to these bacteria is deficient. studies from several laboratories have shown that antibody is important in immunity to group b streptococcus. in vitro studies have demonstrated that efficient phagocytosis and killing of these bacteria ... | 1990 | 2081788 |
| camp-reaction among skin isolates obtained from a dog with an acute squamous eczema. | the primary culture of a clinical specimen obtained from a dog with an acute squamous eczema revealed 3 different bacterial cultures. two of these cultures, a beta-hemolytic staphylococcus aureus and a group b streptococcal culture, demonstrated synergistic hemolytic activities on this primary culture plate. the group b streptococcus had the serotype surface antigens ib/c, protein antigen c in its c beta component. | 1990 | 2082628 |
| risk factors for neonatal infection. | a retrospective case-control study was designed to assess risk factors for neonatal infection. nonprivate patients (8,215) who delivered in a period from january 1, 1983 to june 30, 1988 were studied. ninety three cases of conjunctivitis (incidence 2.4/1,000), 104 cases of pneumonia (incidence 2.8/1,000), and 50 cases of sepsis (incidence 1.3/1,000) were identified. group b streptococcus was cultured from septic neonates in 46%. calculated odds ratio's indicated prematurity/low birth-weight (or ... | 1990 | 2082889 |
| oxygen radical-dependent bacterial killing and pulmonary hypertension in piglets infected with group b streptococci. | the mechanism by which bacteria are cleared by the pulmonary circulation and the relation of this process to development of hemodynamic abnormalities are not understood. this study tested the hypotheses that clearance of group b streptococcus (gbs) during transit through the pulmonary circulation of infant piglets is related to oxygen radical-dependent bacterial killing and that killing of the organism is linked to development of pulmonary hypertension. gbs were radiolabeled with 111in and infus ... | 1990 | 2106812 |
| complement c3 deposition onto bacteria by neonatal serum is not enhanced after the infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin. | to determine the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) on the capacity of serum from septic neonates to deposit complement c3 and igg onto the bacteria isolated from their blood, 500 mg/kg of ivig was administered to 18 neonates suspected of being septic. blood was obtained just before the infusion, and again 15 minutes after its completion. group b streptococcus type ii, group b streptococcus type iii, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from the pre-infusi ... | 1990 | 2107285 |
| group b streptococcus promotes oxygen radical-dependent thromboxane accumulation in young piglets. | both thromboxane a2 and oxygen-derived free radicals appear to play central roles in group b streptococcus (gbs)-induced pulmonary hypertension in piglets. this study tested the hypothesis that gbs promotes oxygen radical-dependent thromboxane accumulation and pulmonary hypertension in infant piglets. piglets 4-12 d old were anesthetized and prepared for assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure and arterial blood gases. in control animals, gbs (10(8) organisms/kg/min for 15 min) increased mean ... | 1990 | 2111541 |
| an oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine against type iii group b streptococcus. | we have developed an oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine against type iii group b streptococcus. purified group b streptococcal type iii capsular polysaccharide was depolymerized by enzymatic digestion using endo-beta-galactosidase produced by citrobacter freundii. following enzymatic digestion, oligosaccharides were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-75. an oligosaccharide pool of average mr = 14,500 (corresponding to 13.6 repeating units of the type iii po ... | 1990 | 2120228 |
| group b streptococcal polyarthritis complicating hemophilia b. | we report a case of polyarticular group b streptococcal infection in an hiv-negative 46-year-old alcoholic with factor ix deficiency. septic arthritis occurs infrequently in the hemophilic population despite their chronic joint disease; indications for diagnostic arthrocentesis in these individuals are discussed. the group b streptococcus often behaves as an opportunist in adults. | 1990 | 2120893 |
| human immunoglobulins for intravenous use: comparison of available preparations for group b streptococcal antibody levels, opsonic activity, and efficacy in animal models. | currently available human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use (ivigs) are being used (with antibiotics) by some physicians for therapy of sepsis in newborns. most neonatal sepsis and/or meningitis in this country is caused by group b streptococcus (gbs), and most of these cases are due to type iii gbs (iii-gbs). the killing of iii-gbs in vitro is dependent on specific igg antibody. adequate serum levels of specific iii-gbs antibody protect the exposed newborn from the development of ... | 1990 | 2123536 |
| therapeutic intervention of clinical sepsis with intravenous immunoglobulin, white blood cells and antibiotics. | antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy for acute bacterial infections. however, recent studies have suggested that adjunctive therapy designed to augment host immunity, might reduce morbidity and mortality. many bacterial pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and group b streptococcus are encapsulated and require opsonic antibody to promote efficient phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils. children with bacterial sepsis may be deficient in both of these components ... | 1990 | 2128662 |
| a case of group b streptococcal pyomyositis. | the group b streptococcus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of serious infections including bacteremias, puerperal sepsis, and neonatal meningitis. group b streptococcal infections of muscle are rare. we report here an unusual case of group b streptococcal pyomyositis. pyomyositis arises predominantly from infections caused by staphylococcus aureus and, occasionally, streptococcus pyogenes. because of the rarity of pyomyositis in temperate climates, the common lack of localizing ... | 1990 | 2146739 |
| molecular analysis of two group b streptococcal virulence factors. | molecular biology has provided new technology for evaluating the traits of bacterial pathogens that are important in the pathogenesis of infections. the ability to derive isogenic strains that differ by a single trait provides a powerful tool for investigating the interaction of a putative virulence factor with the host at any of the various steps in pathogenesis. recombinant dna techniques afford the opportunity to clone the genes involved in the biosynthesis of a particular virulence factor. o ... | 1990 | 2173147 |
| the opsonic antibody response of female rats to type iii group b streptococcal immunization: a model for maternal immunity. | group b streptococcus (gbs) remains a major cause of neonatal infection. maternal immunization-induced gbs antibody may protect neonates from gbs disease. since the opsonophagocytosis assay correlates well with survival in gbs infected suckling rats, we sought to determine an immunization schedule which would induce type iii gbs opsonic antibody in rat dams above a predetermined level of 10 dilution-1 (dil-1). this schedule could then be used for future studies of maternal-fetal immunity. wistar ... | 1990 | 2180204 |
| demonstration and characterization of buoyant-density subpopulations of group b streptococcus type iii. | group b streptococcus (gbs) type iii (18 strains) was investigated for the presence of buoyant-density subpopulations; 10 strains originated from invasive isolates causing early-onset septicemia, and 8 were colonizing isolates from pregnant women. by repeated processing in hypotonic density gradients of percoll, high- (hd) and low-density (ld) subpopulations were recovered from all strains. synthesis of type-specific polysaccharide (tps) was increased in the invasive isolates and their respectiv ... | 1990 | 2181034 |
| evaluation in rural practice of a rapid group b streptococcus screening test. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of infant mortality from infection. a rapid screening immunoassay for gbs was evaluated in a rural obstetrical population and was found to have an unacceptably low specificity (90%) and sensitivity (50%). with a culture proven gbs colonization rate of 6.8%, the positive predictive value of the rapid screening test was only 27%, and the negative predictive value was 96%. current recommendations for routine vaginal cultures, on all women based on ur ... | 1990 | 2182359 |
| nonimmune binding of human immunoglobulin a to type ii group b streptococci. | the binding of 125i-labeled human myeloma immunoglobulin a (iga) to four type ii strains and one nontypable strain of group b streptococci was measured after streptococcal chains were broken by brief sonication. some iga binding was observed with all strains, but specific binding (binding that was inhibited by excess unlabeled iga, was dose dependent, and was saturable) occurred only with those strains possessing the trypsin-sensitive beta component of the c protein. similar amounts of binding w ... | 1990 | 2187808 |
| perinatal transmission of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases. part ii: group b streptococcus and chlamydia trachomatis. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) have reached epidemic proportion in the united states and have captured the attention of both laypersons and health care professionals. of special concern is that most stds can be transmitted vertically to the offspring of infected mothers. since the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, other stds have been at risk of being relatively disregarded. this paper, the second of two parts, reviews issues of prevalence, morbidity, mortality, diagnosis, prev ... | 1990 | 2189019 |
| inhibition of platelet aggregation by a whole cell extract from strains of group b streptococcus. | a whole cell extract (hcl-ext) from strains of group b streptococci (gbs) possessing fibrinogen binding activity prevented the platelet aggregation induced with adenosine 5'-diphosphate (adp), collagen and thrombin, while aggregation by epinephrine and ristocetin was slightly inhibited and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was not affected whatsoever. when the hcl-ext was added after commencement of the aggregation, deaggregation was observed in cases induced by adp, collagen, and th ... | 1990 | 2191472 |
| antigenicity of group b streptococcus strain "m9" and its prevalence in japan. | serological typing of group b streptococci is important for the epidemiological study of group b streptococcal infections. these days, non typable (nt) strains by conventional serotypes were on an increase. in 1984, strain "m9" was isolated from a pregnant woman in meijo hospital, nagoya city; herein the antigenicity and prevalence of strains typed as "m9" were investigated and discussed. the results obtained were as follows: 1) it was confirmed that strain "m9" had a new polysaccharide antigen, ... | 1990 | 2193068 |
| [streptococcus group b in the etiology of neonatal infection]. | group b streptococcus (gbs) causes maternal infections during perinatal period and serious neonatal infections. their frequency in our country is still unknown. this study analyzed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 13 neonates inborn at the instituto nacional de perinatología with early or late onset group b streptococcal infection. the incidence of early onset diseases (eogbs) was 0.7 cases/1,000 live births among 20,054 inborn, and 1 case/20,000 live births of late onset dise ... | 1990 | 2193651 |
| neonatal susceptibility and immunity to major bacterial pathogens. | neonatal bacterial sepsis has continued in this decade to contribute significantly to neonatal mortality and morbidity and is a critical determinant of outcome in infants of very low birth weight despite the availability of antibiotics. the group b streptococcus and escherichia coli are the predominant pathogens for the newborn infant. studies on the epidemiology, microbiology, and immunology of group b streptococcal disease are more extensive than those on e. coli disease. type-specific antibod ... | 1990 | 2194266 |
| polyvalent group b streptococcal immune globulin for intravenous administration: overview. | immunoglobulin therapy is becoming an important modality for the prevention and treatment of bacterial and viral infection. standard intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) is made from large pools of plasma obtained from normal blood donors. however, lot-to-lot variation in titers of antibody to specific microbial pathogens may diminish therapeutic efficacy. since group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important neonatal pathogen, a preparation with high titers of activity against gbs was prepared and stu ... | 1990 | 2194273 |
| group b streptococcus hemorrhagic tonsillopharyngitis. | | 1990 | 2196844 |
| experimental model of type iv streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) infection in mice with early development of septic arthritis. | we have established an experimental murine model to gain insight into the pathogenicity and clinical features of type iv group b streptococcus (gbs) infections. adult cd-1 mice were challenged intravenously with 10(7) type iv gbs cells, inducing systemic invasion. most of the animals were able to clear the infection from the blood, brain, and lungs within 2 weeks and from the spleen and liver within 1 month. however, the animals were unable to clear the microorganism from the joints and kidneys ... | 1990 | 2201646 |
| high-level chromosomal gentamicin resistance in streptococcus agalactiae (group b). | this is the first report of high-level gentamicin resistance in a group b streptococcus. strain b128 of serotype ii was isolated from an infected leg wound in 1987. b128 was resistant to high levels of gentamicin as well as of all other available aminoglycosides and was also resistant to tetracyclines. no bactericidal synergism was found between ampicillin or vancomycin and any of these aminoglycosides. gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistance determinants transferred by ... | 1990 | 2203311 |
| prevalence of anti-group b streptococcal type iii capsular igg antibodies in the united kingdom and an analysis of their specific igg subclasses. | neonatal infection due to group b streptococcus (gbs) has a higher incidence in the usa than in the united kingdom. a british population was investigated to ascertain the proportion of women who have protective anti-gbs type iii igg levels. thirty-one (34%) of 90 pregnant women, 10 (43%) of 23 nonpregnant women, and 5 (50%) of 10 mothers of healthy colonized infants had anti-type iii igg greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. of 19 mothers who had infants infected with gbs type iii, 17 (89%) ... | 1990 | 2205651 |
| rapid detection of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid by immunofluorescence staining on membrane filters. | a filter-fluorescent-antibody (ffa) staining procedure was developed for detection of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the sensitivity of this procedure was determined and compared with that of the slide gram stain of centrifuged samples, latex agglutination, and a previously developed filter gram stain. serial 10-fold dilutions of filter-sterilized csf seeded with logarithmic-phase organisms were examined by each method and cultured to determine colony-forming bacteria. the bacteria inclu ... | 1990 | 2185258 |
| increased cell adherence of group b streptococci from preterm infants with neonatal sepsis. | most women with group b streptococcus cervical colonization have uncomplicated pregnancies, but about 1% experience preterm premature rupture of membranes (prom) followed by neonatal group b streptococcal sepsis. in such cases, streptococcal adherence to and penetration of the membranes may be an important step in the pathogenesis. in the present study, chorionic epithelial cells were incubated with group b streptococci isolated from either children developing sepsis after preterm prom (complica ... | 1990 | 2216233 |
| postpartum osteomyelitis caused by group b streptococcus. | postpartum infections caused by group b streptococci are generally limited in scope. we report a case of vaginal colonization with group b streptococcus that progressed in the postpartum period to osteomyelitis that necessitated total hip replacement. the patient had no risk factors predisposing to streptococcal osteomyelitis. an altered immune status in pregnancy and intrapartum bacteremia may be involved in the pathogenesis of this infection. | 1990 | 2220928 |
| mycotic aneurysm caused by group b streptococcus: a cautionary tale of management problems and a rare organism. | we report a case of mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery which highlights the diagnostic features and management problems of the condition. our patient required emergency ligation of the artery for life-threatening haemorrhage and subsequently his leg was not viable. the alternative treatment options of simple ligation and excision versus ligation, excision and immediate bypass grafting of the artery are discussed. the causative organism, beta-haemolytic group b streptococcus (s. agalactiae), ... | 1990 | 2223532 |
| bacterial meningitis in the united states, 1986: report of a multistate surveillance study. the bacterial meningitis study group. | a prospective, laboratory-based surveillance project obtained accurate data on meningitis in a population of 34 million people during 1986. haemophilus influenzae was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis (45%), followed by streptococcus pneumoniae (18%), and neisseria meningitidis (14%). rates of h. influenzae meningitis varied significantly by region, from 1.9/100,000 in new jersey to 4.0/100,000 in washington state. the overall case fatality rates for meningitis were lower than those ... | 1990 | 2230261 |
| correct structure of repeating unit of group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide. | | 1990 | 2230277 |
| [quantitation of igg antibodies to type ia group b streptococcal type-specific polysaccharides measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]. | the type-specific polysaccharide antigen of the group b streptococcus (gbs) type ia as extracted and purified according to the procedures of kane and karakawa. using this purified polysaccharide antigen, we made a sensitive and specific assay system of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and measured the titres of of the type-specific antibodies in maternal sera and cord blood sera. the titres of antibodies in 78 pregnant women (26 ia carriers, 18 other types of gbs carriers and 34 non car ... | 1990 | 2230372 |
| the role of bacterial vaginosis as a cause of amniotic fluid infection, chorioamnionitis and prematurity--a review. | antepartum bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy has been related to premature delivery, the recovery of microorganisms from amniotic fluid of women in premature labor with intact membranes, to histologic chorioamnionitis and to the recovery of microorganisms from the placenta or membranes. microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis are commonly recovered from the amniotic fluid and chorioamnion of patients who deliver prematurely. in addition, bacterial vaginosis is associated with maternal ... | 1990 | 2178562 |
| perinatal mortality in victoria, australia: role of group b streptococcus. | group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus is the most common infective cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. it is therefore surprising that no agreement exists for an approach to its prevention. there is also increasing evidence that occult infection may play an etiologic role in premature rupture of the membranes and preterm labor. in this report we review the role of group b beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis as a cause of perinatal wastage in the state of victoria, australia during the peri ... | 1990 | 2240114 |