Publications

susceptibility to erythromycin of anaerobes of the genera bacteroides, fusobacterium, sphaerophorus, veillonella, clostridium, corynebacterium, peptococcus, peptostreptococcus.	the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of erythromycin were determined by broth dilution tests for 313 anaerobic strains, most of which were clinical isolates. all the gram-positive anaerobes tested (84 peptococcaceae, including 21 peptostreptococcus anaerobius and 15 peptococcus variabilis; 65 corynebacterium acnes and 29 clostridium strains, including 13 c. perfringens) were sensitive (mic values 0.012 through 3.12 microgram erythromycin/ml); so were 111 cultures of gram-negative anaerobe ...	1977	580038
in vitro sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria to fosfomycin.	the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined in 98 strains of anaerobic bacteria that came from clinical samples against fosfomycin, penicillin, cephalothin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and lincomycin. the results obtained indicate that fosfomycin is usually inactive against bacteroides sp. and is active up to 32 mug/ml or less against 85% of peptococcus and 95% of peptostreptococcus, being consequently comparatively less active than the rest of the antibiotics that were ...	1977	583867
enhancement of experimental anaerobic infections by blood, hemoglobin, and hemostatic agents.	certain foreign materials have been demonstrated to enhance the infectivity of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. whole blood and other protein compounds encountered in surgical settings or trauma were tested for their effect on infectivity of nonsporeforming anaerobic bacteria. infectious synergistic mixtures of bacteroides fragilis plus peptostreptococcus anaerobius and bacteroides melaninogenicus plus fusobacterium necrophorum were each diluted to a barely noninfectious or minimally infectious c ...	1978	631883
clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in hamsters.	a lethal enterocolitis was induced in hamsters by oral or parenteral administration of clindamycin in amounts comparable to those used in treatment of humans. the intestinal lesions were characterized histologically as an acute inflammatory reaction with pseudomembrane formation and resembled the lesions seen in humans with antibiotic-induced colitis. results of quantitative stool cultures showed the numbers of peptostreptococcus and corynebacterium decreased in animals with colitis after challe ...	1978	649990
anaerobic bacteremia as observed in a children's hospital. clinically this may signify true anaerobic sepsis.	to ascertain the significance of anaerobic bacteremia in a children's hospital, the records of all patients whose blood cultures grew anaerobes during a 24-month period were reviewed. anaerobes were isolated from 144 out of 1,126 blood cultures yielding bacteria. anaerobic diphtheroid grew in 122 out of 143 anaerobic cultures, but only 4 out of 122 were isolated from patients with anaerobic sepsis. nine per cent of the total episodes of anaerobic bacteremia occurred in 13 children who met out cr ...	1978	679583
anaerobic microflora of the vagina in children.	vaginal cultures from 25 healthy girls from two months to 15 years of age were examined for aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, and obligately anaerobic bacteria. an average of 8.7 species (3.7 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic species; 5.3 obligately anaerobic species) were isolated from these cultures. staphylococcus epidermidis (21), diphtheroids (20), bacteroides (19), peptococci (19), peptostreptococci (14), and bacteroides melaninogenicus (14) were most prevalent organisms.	1978	686083
nutritional characteristics of megasphaera elsdenii.	megasphaera elsdenii b159 (formerly peptostreptococcus elsdenii; rogosa 1971) is able to grow in a chemically defined medium containing minerals, nh4+ as the sole nitrogen source, sulfate as the source of sulfur, acetate and glucose as the carbon and energy sources, and the vitamins biotin, pyridoxine, and calcium pantothenate. when lactate serves as the carbon source, with cysteine present as the reducing agent, acetate is not required. valine and threonine appeared to be required although dire ...	1978	688105
[various antigenic components in peptococcus and peptostreptococcus strains].		1978	694106
factors related to the oxygen tolerance of anaerobic bacteria.	the effect of atmospheric oxygen on the viability of 13 strains of anaerobic bacteria, two strains of facultative bacteria, and one aerobic organism was examined. there were great variations in oxygen tolerance among the bacteria. all facultative bacteria survived more than 72 h of exposure to atmospheric oxygen. the survival time for anaerobes ranged from less than 45 min for peptostreptococcus anaerobius to more than 72 h for two clostridium perfringens strains. an effort was made to relate th ...	1978	697363
peptostreptococcal endophthalmitis with a relapsing course.	a posttraumatic exogenous endophthalmitis developed that was due to peptostreptococcus. this gram-positive anaerobe was isolated in pure culture from vitreous. the endophthalmitis showed a bacteriologic and clinical relapse despite conventional routes of antimicrobial treatment. a second clinical relapse occurred despite apparent vitreal sterilization with intravitreal antibiotics. the response to vitrectomy was impressive, and postoperatively the patient's visual acuity improved to 20/20.	1978	697615
[anaerobiosis in purulent material].		1978	714804
recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis.	two patients had two recurrent episodes each of acute suppurative thyroiditis. circulating concentrations of plasma thyrotrophin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine were within the range of normal. antibodies to thyroid microsome or thyroglobulin were not found. anaerobic bacteria such as bacteroides, peptostreptococcus, and peptococcus were identified as causative agents, indicating that anaerobic organisms may play an important role in the pathologic process. the present cases are the third and f ...	1978	717311
comparative susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to metronidazole, ornidazole, and sc-28538.	the susceptibilities of 284 anaerobic bacteria, including 55 strains of the bacteroides fragilis group, were determined by an agar dilution technique to metronidazole and two newer nitroimidazoles, ornidazole and sc-28538. all three agents showed marked in vitro activity against virtually all anaerobic bacteria tested. at concentrations </=1 mug/ml, sc-28538 was significantly more active than either metronidazole or ornidazole. at concentrations of >1 mug/ml, the activities of all three agents w ...	1978	718156
ticarcillin disodium in anaerobic infections.	twenty-five patients were treated with ticarcillin disodium, 18 of whom had anaerobic infections that included pleuropulmonary infections (seven), mandibular osteomyelitis (four), perirectal abscess (two), sepsis, primary site unknown (one), liver abscess (one), pelvic abscess (one), decubitus ulcer (one), and synergistic gangrene (one). seven had no anaerobic infections. three had anaerobic septicemia. culture results included anaerobes: peptococci (ten), peptostreptococci (ten), bacteroides fr ...	1978	718311
bacteriology and therapy of lung abscess in children.	the bacteriology and clinical findings of ten pediatric patients with lung abscess are presented. bacteriologic data were based on percutaneous transtracheal aspiration obtained before initiation of antimicrobial therapy. anaerobic bacteria were present in all ten patients; in nine they were mixed with aerobic bacteria. the most frequent isolates were peptostreptococcus (8), peptococcus (5), bacteroides melaninogenicus (6), and bacteroides fragilis (3). the aerobic isolates most frequently recov ...	1979	758385
bacteriology of chronic otitis media.	tympanocentesis was performed in 50 patients with chronic otitis media; pus was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. only aerobes were isolated from 21 patients (42%), three patients had only anaerobes (peptococcus sp), and 25 patients (50%) had both aerobes and anaerobes. only one specimen had no growth. there were 68 aerobic isolates. pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered in 36 patients (72%); other aerobes commonly recovered included proteus sp and staphylococcus aureus. there were 48 anaer ...	1979	759663
reconstruction of superior vena cava-right atrial continuity and "anatomic" repair of transposition of great arteries with ventricular septal defect.	a superior vena cava-to-right pulmonary artery anastomosis (glenn procedure), used to palliate certain types of cyanotic congenital heart defects, has usually been left intact at the time of definitive intracardiac repair. late failure of this shunt has prompted attempts to reestablish superior vena cava-to-right atrium and right ventricle-to-right pulmonary artery continuity. the present patient, a 10-year-old boy with transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and mild pul ...	1976	768645
medium-dependent inhibition of peptostreptococcus anaerobius by sodium polyanetholsulfonate in blood culture media.	of 13 species of anaerobic cocci, peptostreptococcus anaerobius was the only species tested that was sensitive to 0.1% sodium polyanetholsulfonate (sps). however, the sensitivity of p. anaerobius to sps varied according to the media in which the cultures were grown. in supplemented peptone (b-d) and brain heart infusion media, most strain of p. anaerobius were not inhibited by sps. gelatin and proteose peptone were the medium components which were protective. the minimal inhibitory concentration ...	1976	770497
a bacteriological study of the intestinal mucosa and luminal fluid of adults with acute diarrhoea.	bacteriological studies of jejunal mucosal biopsy specimens and contents were performed on 22 hospitalized adult patients with acute diarrhoea and 24 control normal subjects. none of the washed homogenates of the mucosal specimens were sterile and only one fluid specimen obtained from a control subject was sterile. a definite enteric pathogen was found in only five of the 22 diarrhoea patients. there was no qualitative difference in the bacterial profile of the jejunal mucosa and contents of the ...	1976	779681
polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.	we studied 204 women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease to delineate further the causes of that illness. gonococci were recovered from 91. gonococcal pili antibody rose or fell significantly in 12 of 18 patients with positive cultures and only two of 19 who had negative cultures and smears for neisseria gonorrhaoea(p smaller than 0.005). n. gonorrhoeae was found in peritoneal exudate from eight of 21 patients with, and none of 33 without, cervical gonococcal infection. among patients with se ...	1975	806017
prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of organisms isolated from acute soft-tissue abscesses secondary to dental caries.		1975	806046
the bacteriology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.	the bacteriology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) was studied in 20 patients by simultaneous cul-de-sac, cervical, and blood cultures with aerobic and fastidious anaerobic techniques. cul-de-sac cultures were positive in 18 of 20 patients, while all 8 normal control subjects yielded negative results (p less than 0.0005, chi-square analysis). anaerobic bacteria (predominatly peptococcus and peptostreptococcus) were present in 10 patients (59 per cent), and they were the exclusive isolat ...	1975	807109
bacterial arthritis in the adult.	a brief review of bacterial arthritis as seen at the mayo clinic in the years 1958 through 1973 has been presented with a selected literature review. once considered a disease of children and adolescents, this disease now is seen more often in adults, especially in those who are elderly, are chronically ill, or are receiving medications that lower the host resistance in invading bacteria. the diagnosis must be made early, with rapid isolation and identification of the organism. proper antibacter ...	1975	809738
aanerobic isolates in hemovac lines.	seventeen of 68 patients (25 percent) who required the use of hemovac drainage system after major head and neck procedures had positive anaerobic islates. co-isolation of aerobic (94 percent) and other anaerobic (29 percent) microorganisms are common. there was an increased rate of psoitive anaerobic islates with procedures requiring exposure of mucosa. radiotherapy, except in doses greater than 6,800 rads, did not affect the culture rate. eight of 17 patients (47 percent) with positive anaerobi ...	1977	831050
numbers and types of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens since 1960.	between 1960 and 1974, 826 specimens, excluding stool, urine, sputum, and blood, yielded 689 (83%) positive cultures, of which 403 (58.5%) contained anaerobic bacteria. this represents 48.8% of the total specimens cultured. isolates from 153 specimens obtained and stocked from 1965 to 1974 were reidentified by current criteria. gram-negative bacilli, primarily bacteroides, were the most frequently isolated anaerobes, being found in 70% of 153 anaerobe-positive specimens and accounting for 42% of ...	1977	833266
antimicrobial effect of amniotic fluid against anaerobic bacteria.	amniotic fluid samples were obtained at term and tested for their antimicrobial effect on anaerobes, peptostreptococcus (ps.) anaerobius, peptococcus (pc.) prevotii, bacteroides (b.) fragilis, and b. coagulans with facultative escherichia (e.) coli serving as control. amniotic fluid had only temporary bacteriostatic effect on pc. prevotii and b. fragilis for 8 to 16 hours. this effect lasted for only 8 hours on ps. anaerobius. on the contrary, the bacteriostatic effect of amniotic fluid was well ...	1977	835621
[clinical experience with parenteral clindamycin (author's transl)].		1977	839646
[susceptibility to thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol of anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)].	the in vitro susceptibility to thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol of 272 anaerobes, most of which were recent clinical isolated, was determined by broth dilution tests, with chloramphenicol, 133 anaerobic gram-negative non-sporing rods (48 bacteroides fragilis, 13 b. thetaiotaomicron, 14 b. oralis, 16 sphaerophorus varius etc.) had mic values of 0.03 through 16 microng/ml. very similar results (mic, 0.06-16 microng/ml) were obtained with thiamphenicol. in concentrations of 4 microng/ml or less ch ...	1977	848218
anaerobic bacteria in otitis media.	anaerobic bacteria, peptostrepotococcus intermedius and propionibacterium acnes, were found in mixed culture specimens from four to ten tested cases of chronic secretory otitis media. these anaerobic bacteria were in a mixed infection flora with aerobic bacteria most often staphylococcus epidermidis and cornybacterium sp. which do not fit any established species. the findings of anaerobic bacteria in otitis media is consistent with the sporadic report of the involvement of anaerobic bacteria in ...	1977	848830
phylogenetic studies of two rubredoxins from sulfate reducing bacteria.	the sequences of two rubredoxins isolated from the sulfate reducing bacteria: desulfovibrio vulgaris and desulfovibrio gigas have been elucidated. they have similar sequences but many more differences occur than would be expected from two bacteria of the same genus. of the 52 sites, only 37 are occupied by identical residues. the primary structures are compared with those of the anaerobic bacteria rubredoxins of clostridium pasteurianum, micrococcus aerogenes, pseudomonas oleovorans and peptostr ...	1977	864718
hepatic necrobacillosis. report of a case resembling metastatic tumor.	a 47-year-old man had multiple pyogenic liver abscesses from which the anaerobic bacteria fusobacterium nucleatum and peptostreptococcus were isolated. the clinical course, diagnostic evaluation, and appearance of the lesions at surgery suggested metastatic tumor. histologically, the lesions consisted of necrotic liver tissue surrounded by zones of acute and chronic inflammation and fibrous connective tissue closely resembling the lesions of hepatic necrobacillosis attributable to f necrophorum. ...	1977	869652
endocarditis treated with clindamycin: relapse and liver dysfunction.	clindamycin was used to treat six patients with endocarditis because of allergy to penicillin in five, and an unfavorable clinical response to methicillin in one. only one patient had an uneventful cure with clindamycin. two had hepatotoxicity which resolved rapidly after clindamycin was stopped. two patients, one of whom had an aortic prosthesis, had completed four to six weeks of clindamycin therapy when clinical relapse occurred and blood cultures were again positive for a clindamycin-sensiti ...	1977	877644
urease assay and urease-producing species of anaerobes in the bovine rumen and human feces.	a growth medium and test were developed for rapid detection of urease in fermentative anaerobic bacteria. using nonselective rumen fluid roll-tube agar medium and the new test, it was confirmed that peptostreptococcus productus is often the most numerous urease-forming species in human feces. also, some fecal strains of ruminococcus albus, clostridium innocuum, and clostridium beijerinckii produced urease. single strains of fusobacterium prausnitzii, coprococcus catus, and streptococcus mitis th ...	1977	879770
cellular fatty acids of peptococcus variabilis and peptostreptococcus anaerobius.	cellular fatty acids of peptococcus variables and peptostreptococcus anaerobius were identified by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and associated analytical techniques. iso- and anteiso-branched-chain acids were major components in both species.	1977	886004
novobiocin and the differentiation of peptococci and peptostreptococci.	paper discs containing 5 microng of novobiocin were used as a presumptive test to differentiate peptococci and peptostreptococci. zone diameters were measured and minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of the antibiotic for each group were performed to ascertain the activity of the antibiotic against these genera. all strains of peptococci showed no zone of inhibition in the disc test together with an mic of 25 microng/ml or greater. all strains of peptostreptococci showed zones of inhibition o ...	1977	886014
bactericidal effect of anaerobic broth exposed to atmospheric oxygen tested on peptostreptococcus anaerobius.	peptostreptococcus anaerobius strain vpi 4330-1 was used as the test organism in an evaluation of the bactericidal effect of anaerobic broth exposed to air. the test organism, grown under anaerobic conditions in trypticase soy broth, was diluted in buffered salt solution, and about 2 x 10(4) cells were suspended in 10 ml of an aerated broth. ninety percent of the cells were killed within 15 min in actinomyces broth and within 50 min in trypticase soy broth. all cells survived for 2 h in fluid th ...	1977	893657
swine dysentery: inoculation of gnotobiotic pigs with treponema hyodysenteriae and vibrio coli and a peptostreptococcus.	pure cultures of treponema hyodysenteriae given orally to conventional pigs resulted in the development of swine dysentery, whereas identical cultures given to gnotobiotic pigs did not produce the disease. oral inoculation of gnotobiotic pigs with vibrio coli and/or a peptostreptococcus in addition to t. hyodysenteriae did not result in dysentery. neutralization of gastric secretions with nahco3 immediately prior to inoculation with t. hyodysenteriae increased the period during which treponemes ...	1977	907906
susceptibilities of bacteria against chemotherapeutics under different conditions.		1977	926525
human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.	data are presented on the distribution of 101 bacterial species and subspecies among 1,442 isolates from 25 fecal specimens from three men on: (i) their normal diet and normal living conditions, (ii) normal living conditions but eating the controlled metabolic diet designed for use in the skylab simulation and missions, and (iii) the skylab diet in simulated skylab (isolation) conditions. these bacteria represent the most numerous kinds in the fecal flora. analyses of the kinds of bacteria from ...	1976	938032
anaerobic bacteria from the large intestine of mice.	anaerobic bacteria from the colon of laboratory mice were enumerated and isolated using strict anaerobic techniques. direct microscopic counts revealed 4.4 x 10(10) organisms in each gram (wet weight) of colon contents. actual cultural counts averaged 3.2 x 10(10) organisms, which was 73% of the direct microscopic count. the tentatively identified genera were bacteroides, eubacterium, fusobacterium, lactobacillus, peptostreptococcus, and propionibacterium. strains of fusobacterium, lactobacillus ...	1976	938042
in vitro susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to josamycin.	a total of 132 strains of anaerobic bacteria were tested for susceptibility to josamycin, using a broth dilution technique. all strains of peptococcus species, peptostreptococcus species, and bacteroides fragilis were inhibited by 2 mug or less per ml. seventy percent of these susceptible strains were also killed by 2 mug or less of josamycin per ml. however, 2 of 12 clostridium species and 6 of 10 fusobacterium species had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 32 mug or more per ml.	1976	949184
pulmonary botryomycoma.	a patient with a mobile mass of anaerobic organisms in the pulmonary parenchyma is presented. radiographically it resembled a fungous ball. this observed botryomycoma may be part of the spectrum of aspiration pneumonia.	1976	954467
anaerobic infections in hospital practice.	the role of anaerobes in the pathogenesis of infections was investigated. anaerobes were isolated from 0,25% of blood cultures and from 15,8% of other specimens tested; in 15,1% of cases where anaerobes were isolated, no aerobes were found. the strains most commonly encountered were bacteroides fragilis, b. melaninogenicus, peptostreptococcus anaerobius and clostridium perfringens. sensitivity tests in vitro showed all organisms to be sensitive to clindamycin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol, ...	1976	973160
kinetics and catalytic properties of coenzyme a transferase from peptostreptococcus elsdenii.	coenzyme a (coa) transferase from peptostreptococcus elsdenii was purified to homogeneity, and some of its physical and catalytic properties were determined. the native enzyme has a molecular weight of 181,000 and is composed of two alpha subunits (molecular weight, 65,000) and one beta subunit (molecular weight 50,000). heat treatment of the crude cell extract to 58 degrees c causes proteolysis of the native enzyme and yields a catalytically active enzyme with an approximate molecular weight of ...	1976	977540
[brain abscess secondary to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, case report (author's transl)].	a case of brain abscess in the right parietal lobe secondary to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation of the right lung is presented. a 27-year-old man was admitted for headache and left homonymous hemianopsia. cag, vag and brain scan detected brain abscess of the right parietal lobe which was successfully removed surgically. he had been noted to have generalized cyanosis and club finger which corresponded to polycytemia and hypercapnia on examination. subsequently pulmonary arteriovenous malform ...	1976	988496
4-alkyldihydroflavin: coenzyme synthesis and modification of flavodoxin.	a stable (i.e. non-oxidisable), reduced flavocoenzyme, 4a-(n-propyl)-4a,5-dihydro-riboflavin 5'-monophosphate, has been synthesized. the method of choice was selective photo-allylation in position 4a. stabilization of this substituent was achieved by hydrogenation after n(5) protection, while hydrogenation of the unprotected compound would have led to removal of the allyl substituent. the mode of this substituent mobility has been checked with deuterated photosubstrate. upon hydrogenation, the a ...	1976	991861
deconjugation of bile acids by human intestinal bacteria.	the purpose of this report is to present the deconjugation of bile acids by numbers of strains of bacteria in the small intestine and feces. the small intestinal juice was aseptically aspirated by a double lumen tube with a rubber cover on the tip devised by us ("fukushima type 1"). bile acids were analyzed with thin layer chromatography. the results: 1) among aerobic bacteria, species of which all of the strains split conjugated bile acids was enterococcus, and most of the strains split were st ...	1976	992250
[empyema caused by anaerobic flora: clinical and microbiological study of 4 cases].		1976	996980
long-chain fatty acids of peptococci and peptostreptococci.	the long-chain fatty acids extracted from the whole cells of 12 clinically significant species of peptococci and peptostreptococci were characterized by gas-liquid chromatography. the resulting methylated fatty acid profiles (and some unidentified compounds) of 82 strains allowed the 12 species to be separated into four groups. fifteen strains of peptostreptococcus anaerobius were placed in group i because they had a unique, prominent compound that occurred in the area where a c8 to c10 fatty ac ...	1976	1002830
antibiotic treatment of oral anaerobic infections.		1975	1056466
the predominant cultivable organisms in juvenile periodontitis.	quantitative and qualitative examinations of the predominant cultivable microflora of the advanced tissue destruction (pocket) associated with juvenile periodontitis and of control pockets without loss of attachment were carried out by using anaerobic tube culture technique. the microflora from the control sites consisted primarily of streptococci, gram-negative rods, and gram-positive rods. in contrast, the test pockets had a relatively stable and characteristic microflora, dominated by various ...	1976	1061986
bacteriological findings in sinusitis (1963-1975).	two different studies were performed in order to determine the role of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in sinusitis. aerobes: a retrospective study of 331 cases of all types of sinusitis (from 1963 till 1975) showed an increasing occurrence of haemophilus influenzae during the last three years. only in the acute sinusitis is streptococcus pneumoniae more frequently found than haemophilus influenzae, which exhibits the highest occurrence in chronic and undeterminable cases. we found cultures with ...	1976	1070150
puerperal endometritis: a prospective microbiologic study.	this study was undertaken to determine the flora in the endometrial cavity of two groups of puerperal patients: 47 afebrile control subjects and 27 with endometritis. a transcervical culturing technique designed to avoid cervical contamination and to preserve aerobes, anaerobes, and mycoplasma was employed, and bacterial colony counts were reported semiquantitatively. no difference was found in the flora of these two groups. furthermore, the most common pathogenic organisms (in decreasing order ...	1975	1090177
anaerobic infections of the female genital tract: prospects and perspectives.		1975	1094357
occurrence of megasphaera elsdenii in faecal samples of young pigs.	important numbers of megasphaera elsdenii, known as a normal inhabitant of the rumen of cattle and sheep were recently cultured from intestinal contents of man and pigs. studying the occurrence of this organism in faecal contents of pigs, we paid attention to the use of a strict anaerobic isolating and counting technique. it was demonstrated that megasphaera elsdenii is a strict anaerobic organism. exposure to air during 15 minutes caused an important decrease of the colony count. comparison of ...	1975	1098324
anaerobic specimen transport device.	a device is described and evaluated for the anaerobic transport of clinical specimens. the device limits the amount of oxygen entering with the sample to a maximum of 2%, which is rapidly removed by reacting with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst. the viability on swabs of 12 species of anaerobes, four strains of facultative anaerobes and a strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa, was maintained during the length of the tests (24 or 48 h). the results demonstrated that this device protec ...	1975	1104656
evaluation of a test kit for identification of anaerobic bacteria.	a test kit for identification of anaerobic bacteria--api--has been compared for accuracy in individual tests and for identification on the genus or species level with pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized media methods on 241 anaerobic strains. the microsystem was found to be reliable and permits identification of the clinically most significance anaerobic bacteria if it is supplemented with other tests such as gaschromatographic analysis, morphology, lecithinase, lipase and antibiotic sensitivit ...	1975	1105128
the elimination of urease activity in streptococcus faecium as evidence for plasmid-coded urease.	a strain of streptococcus faecium from the sheep rumen showed spontaneous loss of urease activity when subcultured at the normal rumen temperature of 38 degrees c, although in mixed cultures in vivo or in vitro loss of urease was not apparent. the rate of loss of urease in pure cultures was increased at incubation temperatures above 38 degrees c, but loss was never complete. however, at temperatures below 38 degrees c loss was greater, and at 22 or 18 degrees c the urease was completely eliminat ...	1976	1107485
evaluation of amniotic fluid for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.	studies of 117 pregnant women, 83 at term, were instituted to determine the bacteriologic state of amniotic fluid, utilizing both standard aerobic and anaerobic technics. a high association of postpartum infection was found in women who had long periods of premature reptured membranes and many vaginal examinations. significant organisms including anaerobes, were isolated in many of these instances. based on the findings of these studies, it is recommended that amniocentesis for aerobic and anaer ...	1976	1108641
brain stem abscess treated surgically. wtih special note upon the employment of thorium dioxide.	a 10-year-old girl, with congenital heart disease, harboring a brain stem abscess, was recently treated at the ucla hospital. needle aspirations of the abscess was performed through a posterior occipital craniectomy, and thorium dioxide (thorotrast) was placed within the abscess cavity as a marker. postoperatively, the patient improved temporarily but died 18 days later. autopsy examination included radioactive analysis of brain and liver tissue. radioautographs were superimposed on h&e preparat ...	1975	1124486
[a case of empyema due to an anaerobic bacteria, peptostreptococcus].		1975	1127834
disk susceptibility testing of slow-growing anaerobic bacteria.	the susceptibility of 55 strains of slow-growing anaerobes to eight clinically useful or potentially useful antibiotics was determined by agar dilution and disk diffusion tests. strains of the genera peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, megasphaera, veillonella, eubacterium, bifidobacterium, clostridium, and fusobacterium were included. all strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, but varied in their susceptibility to penicillin, lincomycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines, and vancomycin. correlatio ...	1975	1137353
comparative susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to minocycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline.	the comparative susceptibility of 622 recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria to minocycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline was determined by an agar-dilution technique. in addition to bacteroides fragilis, a variety of other anaerobic bacteria was resistant to achievable blood concentrations of tetracycline (55% inhibited by 6.25 mug/ml) and doxycycline (58% inhibited by 2.5 mug/ml). in contrast, minocycline was significantly more active (p < 0.05) than both doxycycline and tetracycline, ...	1975	1137358
microdilution technique for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.	a microdilution technique using commercially available media and materials was developed and used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, minocycline, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, and gentamicin for 101 anaerobic isolates. representative strains of bacteroides, clostridium, fusobacterium, peptococcus, and peptostreptococcus were tested. the use of schaedler broth at ph 7.2, an inoculum of 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming un ...	1975	1137383
acute pelvic inflammatory disease and clinical response to parenteral doxycycline.	the bacteriology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) and clinical response to parenteral doxycycline were evaluated in 30 patients. only 3 of 21 cul-de-sac cultures from pid patients were sterile, whereas all 8 normal control subjects yielded negative results (p< 0.005). poor correlation was observed between cervical and cul-de-sac cultures. neisseria gonorrhoeae, isolated from the cervix in 17 patients (57%), was recovered from the cul-de-sac only once. streptococcus, peptococcus, peptos ...	1975	1169908
bacteriology of normal and infected conjunctiva.	the conjunctivas of 273 inflamed eyes were cultured by both aerobic and anaerobic techniques. isolations were obtained from 267 (97.8%) of the eyes. aerobic organisms were isolated from 237 (86.8%) of the conjunctivas. staphylococcus aureus from 63 (23.1%) of the diseased eyes was the aerobic pathogen most often isolated. anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 172 (63.0%) of the conjunctivas. propionibacterium acnes was isolated from 126 (46.2%) of the conjunctivas, and peptostreptococcus species ...	1975	1176598
oxygen tolerance of fresh clinical anaerobic bacteria.	the oxygen tolerance and sensitivity of 57 freshly isolated anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens was studied. all the organisms tolerated 8 h or more of exposure to oxygen in room air. growth of the isolates in increasing oxygen concentrations demonstrated that the 57 isolates varied in oxygen sensitivity from strict to aerotolerant anaerobes. comparison of the oxygen tolerance and sensitivity showed that the most tolerant organisms (best survival after prolonged exposure) included anaerob ...	1975	1176601
the reduction of n-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl by the intestinal microflora of the rat.	the role of the intestinal flora in the conversion of n-hydroxy-4-acetyl-aminobiphenyl (n-oh-aabp) to 4-acetylaminobiphenyl has been examined. this reaction, which reverses the metabolic activation of the parent carcinogen, can be demonstrated in cultures of some bacteria indigenous to the intestinal microflora. these include cultures of clostridium sp., clostridium perfringens, peptostreptococcus productus i, and bacteroides fragilis ss. thetaiotaomicron and ss. vulgatus. in contrast, cultures ...	1975	1182690
"bad breath": presenting manifestation of anaerobic pulmonary infection.	three patients are described in whom a putrid breath odor was the only or fist manifestation of anaerobic infection of the lung. fever, productive cough, and pleuritic pain, common findings in anaerobic pulmonary infection, were not initally present. "bad breath" may be an early due to the presence of anaerobic pulmonary infection.	1975	1203000
properties of immobilized flavodoxin from peptostreptococcus elsdenii. an affinity ligand for the purification of riboflavin 5'-phosphate (fmn) and its analogues.	the small flavoprotein, flavodoxin, isolated from peptostreptococcus elsdenii, has been covalently coupled to cnbr-activated sepharose 4b. the immobilized protein replaces ferredoxin as an electron carrier in hydrogen production from dithionite or pyruvate in the presence of ferredoxin-free extracts of p. elsdenii; compared with soluble flavodoxin, its activities in these systems are 13% and 3.5% respectively. acid treatment reversibly dissociates fmn from the immobilized protein. the dissociati ...	1975	1204624
the importance of the anaerobic bacteria in paranasal sinusitis.	the anaerobic examination of the material, obtained by 100 antral punctures, in 66 patients with paranasal sinusitis, showed the importance of the anaerobic bacteria. in 33% we found anaerobes: 12% of the cultures were pure anaerobic, 21% were mixed aerobic-anaerobic. the most frequent anaerobe is the peptostreptococcus. anaerobic cultures are more frequently found in the unilateral cases of paranasal sinusitis. the presence of anaerobes does not seem to be dependent on the patient's age, the du ...	1975	1224138
[homogenous population of specific igg antibodies in 2 patients with infectious disease characterized by a protracted course].		1975	1233778
fecal steroids and bacterial flora in patients with polyposis coli.	fecal neutral and acid steroids and bacterial flora have been studied in a series of patients with polyposis coli and normal controls. the patients with polyposis coli showed a higher concentration of cholesterol and primary bile acids, which increased still more after ileorectostomy. the bacterial flora of the patients with polyposis coli showed an anaerobe/aerobe ratio of 2.7/1 with a relative increase in clostridia and bifidobacteria and decrease in eubacteria and bacteroides. after ileorecto ...	1976	1247152
anaerobic infections in children: a prospective study.	the prevalence and significance of anaerobic infections in patients at st. louis children's hospital were studied prospectively for a one-year period. blood, selected body fluids, and aspirates obtained from abscesses or areas of cellulitis were cultured using special anaerobic collection and processing techniques. infected peritoneal fluid from patients with gastrointestinal disease yielded a large proportion of all anaerobic isolates. the types of organisms isolated were common inhabitants of ...	1976	1256941
anaerobic infections in surgery: clinical review.	anaerobic bacteria are being recognized with increasing frequency as important micro-organisms in surgical infections. clostridium, bacteriodes, fusobacterium, and peptostreptococcus are the clinically prominent pathological anaerobes. all are commensals and, consequently, most anaerobic infections are endogenous in origin. in the colon, anaerobes are 1,000 times more prevalent than aerobes. this has important implications regarding the management of gastrointestinal tract operations and the tre ...	1976	1257897
[gas forming infections. a case of non-clostridial anaerobic cellulitis].		1976	1258028
the biosynthesis of ethyl lithocholate by fecal microorganisms.		1976	1263499
anaerobic streptococcal corneal ulcer.	an anaerobic streptococcus caused a central corneal ulcer in a 10-year-old girl. there were no identifying clinical findings. the lesion healed promptly and satisfactorily with antibiotic therapy.	1976	1266933
rosamicin: in vitro activity against anaerobes and comparison with erythromycin.	the in vitro activity of rosamicin was determined against 231 strains of anaerobic bacteria and compared with the activity of erythromycin against the same strains. rosamicin and erythromycin had similar activity against strains of peptostreptococcus and gram-positive nonsporeforming bacilli. rosamicin was somewhat more active against strains of peptococcus, clostridium, and gram-negative anaerobes. all strains of bacteroides fragilis tested were inhibited by 4 mug of rosamicin or less per ml, w ...	1976	1267432
[antibacterial and bactericidal activity of tinidazole against anaerobic bacteria comparing with metronidazole (author's transl)].	antibacterial activity of tinidazole (1-2-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) against anaerobic bacteria including peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, eubacterium, propionibacterium, bacteroides and fusobacterium was studied by agar dilution method comparing with metronidazole. in addition to this work, bactericidal effect of tinidazole and metronidazole against p. prevotii, b. fragilis ss. fragilis and f. varium was examined by quantitative culture method after incubation in gam broth conta ...	1976	1271586
[antibacterial activity of rokitamycin against fresh clinical isolates].	we obtained bacterial strains which were clinically isolated and identified from outpatients with various infections in medical institutions throughout japan. possible antibacterial activities of rokitamycin (rkm) were examined against these isolates. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined through a comparative study with reference drugs. the results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. resistance patterns of 400 isolates which were highly resistant to macrolides (mls) wi ...	1992	1289579
resistance of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobial agents in spain.	as a consequence of antibiotic consumption, the entire microbial ecosystem attached to man is evolving towards resistance. in spain, penicillin resistance (mic > 0.5 mg/l) is found in about 10% of peptostreptococcus, clostridium perfringens and eubacterium, and in 50% of veillonella. cefoxitin resistance ( > 2 mg/l) is present in 10 to 20% of peptostreptococcus and clostridium, and in 50% of eubacterium; 21% of bacteroides (fragilis group) strains are resistant to 16 mg/l. a very low rate of imi ...	1992	1295754
the relationship between clinical symptoms and anaerobic bacteria from infected root canals.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the composition of bacterial flora from infected root canals and clinical symptoms. the materials evaluated consisted of 28 teeth from 25 patients with apical periodontitis. eubacterium were found to be significantly related to acute or chronic clinical symptoms and peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, and porphyromonas gingivalis to subacute clinical symptoms. we suggested that peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, eubacterium, porphyr ...	1992	1298793
infection and labor. vii. microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in spontaneous rupture of membranes at term.	the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency, microbiologic characteristics, and clinical significance of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in women with premature rupture of membranes at term.	1992	1301006
in vitro activities of three of the newer quinolones against anaerobic bacteria.	the antimicrobial activities of three new quinolone compounds, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, and win 57273, against anaerobic bacteria were determined in three separate studies. the wadsworth agar dilution technique using brucella-laked blood agar was used throughout. the activities of other antimicrobial agents, including ciprofloxacin, imipenem, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, cefotetan, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, were also determined. the breakpoints of the new quinolones were ...	1992	1317149
the use of dna probes to examine the distribution of subgingival species in subjects with different levels of periodontal destruction.	the present investigation examined the distribution of 14 subgingival species at a total of 2299 sites in 90 subjects with different levels of periodontal destruction. subgingival plaque samples taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth were anaerobically dispersed, diluted and plated on non selective media. after anaerobic incubation, colonies were lifted to nylon filters and specific species detected using digoxygenin-labeled whole chromosomal dna probes. the mean total viable count for all s ...	1992	1318331
subgingival temperature (iii). relation to microbial counts.	the present investigation examined the relationship of selected bacterial species and subgingival temperature. 35 subjects were measured at 6 sites per tooth for clinical parameters and subgingival temperature. measurements were repeated for 21 subjects at 2 month intervals providing a total of 66 subjects visits. at each visit, subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth and anaerobically dispersed, diluted and plated on non-selective media. after anaerobic incuba ...	1992	1321846
e-test: a new technique for antimicrobial susceptibility testing for periodontal microorganisms.	the purpose of the study was to validate the epsilometer test (e-test) method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of selected periodontopathic microorganisms using the agar dilution method as a standard. the e-test has been developed to provide a direct quantification of antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms. the device consists of a predefined, continuous, and exponential gradient of antibiotic concentrations immobilized along a rectangular plastic test strip. after 48 hours incub ...	1992	1324301
antimicrobial activity of du-6859, a new potent fluoroquinolone, against clinical isolates.	du-6859, (-)-7-[(7s)-amino-5-azaspiro(2,4)heptan-5-yl]-8-chloro-6- fluoro-1-[(1r,2r)-cis-2-fluoro-1-cyclopropyl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinol one-3- carboxylic acid, is a new fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity which is significantly better than those of currently available quinolones. the mics for 90% of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates (mic90s) were 0.1, 3.13, 0.1, and 0.39 microgram/ml, respectively. mic50s of du- ...	1992	1324647
comparative in-vitro activity of azithromycin, macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin and spiramycin) and streptogramin rp 59500 against oral organisms.	the in-vitro activities of azithromycin, clarithromycin, spiramycin and rp 59500 were compared with erythromycin against a wide range of oral organisms which have been implicated in oral infections and/or endocarditis (clindamycin was included for oral streptococci). all compounds tested showed good activity against many of these organisms, although some variation was observed with different species. clarithromycin was the most active of the antibiotics tested against gram-positive anaerobes, in ...	1992	1331019
antibacterial efficacy of root canal medicaments.	the antibacterial efficacy of four endodontic medicaments was studied in vitro. calcium hydroxide (calacept), camphorated parachlorophenol (cpcp), cresophene, and 2% iodine-potassium iodide (iki) were tested against four anaerobic microorganisms, streptococcus mutans, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, porphyromonus gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum, for 10 or 15 min. iki was effective only against f. nucleatum and p. gingivalis, and the others were effective against all four microorganisms.	1992	1337555
the acute phase of experimental infection with trypanosoma cruzi is more severe in mice monoassociated with strict anaerobic bacteria.	1. the influence of some components of the normal human intestinal flora on the acute phase of experimental infection with strain cl of trypanosoma cruzi was studied in 30-day-old germ-free or gnotobiotic cfw (lob) mice monoassociated with bacteroides fragilis, peptostreptococcus sp or clostridium sp by intragastric inoculation of 10(6) bacteria 10 days before the intraperitoneal infection with 5 x 10(3) trypomastigotes/g body weight. 2. significantly earlier parasitemia peak and mortality were ...	1992	1342224
summer mastitis in heifers: studies on the seasonal occurrence of actinomyces pyogenes, peptostreptococcus indolicus and bacteroidaceae in clinically healthy cattle in denmark.	with the aim of investigating the seasonal occurrence of actinomyces pyogenes, peptostreptococcus indolicus, bacteroides melaninogenicus ss. levii and fusobacterium necrophorum, and thus the potential for development of summer mastitis, clinically healthy danish holstein-friesian heifers due to calve in the autumn were sampled from the teat tip, the conjunctiva and the oral cavity at 2-6 week intervals from 1979 to 1981. the overall isolation rates of f. necrophorum, p. indolicus and b. melanino ...	1992	1348381
periodontal bone loss in mice induced by different periodontopathic organisms.	periodontal bone loss in mice orally inoculated with peptostreptococcus anaerobius, pept. magnus and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was compared to that in sham-inoculated mice. six-to-8-week-old balb/c mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(5), 1 x 10(7) or 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units (c.f.u.) of bacteria in 50 microliters of medium. ten mice received each concentration of bacteria and 10 sham-inoculated mice acted as controls. five mice from each of the groups were killed 6 weeks after inoc ...	1992	1353347
immunoglobulins in milk from cows immunized with oral strains of actinomyces, prevotella, porphyromonas, and fusobacterium.	immunization of pregnant cows with bacteria leads to the presence of high concentrations of specific antibodies in colostrum and milk. a total of 14 cows was immunized with single strains of heat-killed oral bacteria or pools of strains of actinomyces, porphyromonas, prevotella, and fusobacterium. two cows were treated with adjuvant alone. the mean percentages of igg1, igg2, igm, and iga in all of the milks were 83.8, 3.8, 9.3, and 3.1, respectively. elisa and whole cell agglutination assays dem ...	1992	1354674
comparative bacteriological studies on summer mastitis in grazing cattle and pyogenes mastitis in stabled cattle in denmark.	a total of 143 secretions from clinical cases of summer mastitis (sm) in grazing cattle and from 89 cases of pyogenes mastitis (pm) in stabled cattle were examined bacteriologically. the typical bacteriological finding was a mixed flora in which the predominant organisms were actinomyces pyogenes (sm-70%, pm-85%), peptostreptococcus indolicus (54%, 54%), a microaerophilic coccus (stuart-schwan coccus) (26%, 25%), fusobacterium necrophorum biovar b (22%, 12%), bacteroides melaninogenicus (20%, 9% ...	1992	1355316
heterogeneity of surfaces of subgingival bacteria as detected by zeta potential measurements.	porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (a.a.) are gram-negative bacteria which are implicated in various forms of periodontal disease. the gram-positive peptostreptococcus micros may also play an important role. for investigation of the possible adhesion and colonization mechanisms of these organisms, the charge properties of the outermost layers of bacterial cell surfaces were studied through the measurement of zeta potentials at various ph val ...	1992	1357016
contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of sub- and epidural empyemas.	contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images (mri) of three patients with subdural (sde) and two with epidural empyemas (ede) were reviewed. in each case, the capsule of the lesion demonstrated enhancement, and distinction between capsule and contents was obvious on contrast-enhanced images. in sde, contrast-enhanced images clearly depicted thickening of the neighbouring dura mater and a co-existent brain abscess. in ede, part of the displaced dura mater did not enhance, which facilitated differe ...	1992	1359449
microbiologic and pathologic aspects of pulpal and periapical disease.	the greatest cause of endodontic and periapical pathosis is microbial infection of the pulp. most odontogenic infections are of a polymicrobial nature. with advances in anaerobic isolation and culturing techniques, much has been learned about the presence of pathogenic organisms such as porphyromonas and prevotella species (formerly classified as black-pigmented bacteroides species) in infected root canals. this review provides a summary of recent developments in endodontic microbiology, virulen ...	1992	1381632
three new species of the genus peptostreptococcus isolated from humans: peptostreptococcus vaginalis sp. nov., peptostreptococcus lacrimalis sp. nov., and peptostreptococcus lactolyticus sp. nov.	we describe three new species of the genus peptostreptococcus which were isolated from human specimens and were tentatively identified as peptostreptococcus prevotii. these three organisms were not homologous with previously described type strains of the genus peptostreptococcus. a total of 12 strains that were identified biochemically as p. prevotii were divided into five independent dna similarity groups; 10 of these strains were divided into three similarity groups which exhibited significant ...	1992	1390111