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effect of biofilm on the repair bond strengths of composites.composite restorations degrade during wear, but it is unknown how wear affects the composite surface and influences composite-to-composite bonding in minimally invasive repair. here, it is hypothesized that in vitro exposure of composites to oral biofilm yields clinically relevant degradation of composite surfaces, and its influence on composite-to-composite bonding is determined. biofilms on composite surfaces in vitro increased their roughness and decreased filler particle exposure, except for ...201020940354
bactericidal activity of stabilized chlorine dioxide as an endodontic irrigant in a polymicrobial biofilm tooth model system.the purpose of this study was to determine bactericidal efficacy of 0.04% stabilized chlorine dioxide, 3% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and sterile distilled water in a polymicrobial biofilm model.201020951304
oxygen tension modulates the cytokine response of oral epithelium to periodontal bacteria.there is an inverse relationship between pocket depth and pocket oxygen tension with deep pockets being associated with anaerobic bacteria. however, little is known about how the host tissues respond to bacteria under differing oxygen tensions within the periodontal pocket.201020955352
murine fetoplacental infection models. 201020956576
setup of an in vitro test system for basic studies on biofilm behavior of mixed-species cultures with dental and periodontal pathogens.caries and periodontitis are important human diseases associated with formation of multi-species biofilms. the involved bacteria are intensively studied to understand the molecular basis of the interactions in such biofilms. this study established a basic in vitro single and mixed-species culture model for oral bacteria combining three complimentary methods. the setup allows a rapid screening for effects in the mutual species interaction. furthermore, it is easy to handle, inexpensive, and repro ...201020957048
photoinactivation of f. nucleatum and p. gingivalis using the ruthenium-based rd3 sensitizer and a conventional halogen lamp.the photodynamic therapy (pdt) is an alternative method to suppress oral pathogens by the activation of a photosensitizer with laser light. the aim of this study was to investigate the phototoxic effect of three ruthenium-based photosensitizers on fusobacterium nucleatum and porphyromonas gingivalis.201021036348
early bacterial colonization and soft tissue health around zirconia and titanium abutments: an in vivo study in man.aim: to compare the early bacterial colonization and soft tissue health of mucosa adjacent to zirconia (zro(2) ) and titanium (ti) abutment surfaces in vivo. materials and methods: twenty edentulous subjects received two endosseous mandibular implants. the implants were fitted with either a zro(2) or a ti abutment (non-submerged implant placement, within-subject comparison, left-right randomization). sulcular bacterial sampling and the assessment of probing pocket depth, recession and bleeding o ...201021054554
intracellular degradation of fusobacterium nucleatum in human gingival epithelial cells.the role of fusobacterium nucleatum in oral health and disease is controversial. we have previously shown that f. nucleatum invades gingival epithelial cells. however, the destiny of the internalized f. nucleatum is not clear. in the present study, the intracellular destiny of f. nucleatum and its cytopathic effect on gingival epithelial cells were studied. the ability of f. nucleatum and seven other oral bacterial species to invade immortalized human gingival epithelial (hok-16b) cells were com ...201021057979
systemic inflammatory responses in progressing periodontitis during pregnancy in a baboon model.this study tested the hypothesis that pregnant female baboons exhibit increased levels of various inflammatory mediators in serum resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis, and that these profiles would relate to periodontal disease severity/extent in the animals. the animals were sampled at baseline (b), mid-pregnancy (mp; two quadrants ligated) and at delivery (d; four quadrants ligated). all baboons developed increased plaque, gingival inflammation and bleeding, pocket depths and attachme ...201021070210
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis with different primers of subgingival bacterial communities under mechanical debridement.dgge of 16s rdna is one of the most frequently used methods to study microbial communities. in this study, the dgge profiles of different 16s rdna regions of the periodontal pathogens porphyromonas gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatum, and prevotella nigrescens were investigated. the results suggested that v3-v5 and v6-v8 fragments may be suitable for community analysis of subgingival bacteria. further analysis of subgingival samples with v3-v5 and v6-v8 regions as target fragments suggested that ...201021155359
antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of 4-hydroxycordoin: potential therapeutic benefits.4-hydroxycordoin (1), a natural isopentenyloxychalcone, is a plant secondary metabolite that is relatively rare. since there are very few reports about the biological activities of 1, its potential benefits for periodontal disease were investigated. a marked and dose-dependent antibacterial activity of 1 was observed against the three major periodontal pathogens, porphyromonas gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatum, and prevotella intermedia. moreover, compound 1 showed an antiadhesion effect, sinc ...201021158427
microbiota of dentinal caries as assessed by reverse-capture checkerboard analysis.this study aimed to identify the microbiota of different layers of dentinal caries by using a culture-independent molecular biology approach.201021160186
comparison of the use of the halimeter and the oral chroma™ in the assessment of the ability of common cultivable oral anaerobic bacteria to produce malodorous volatile sulfur compounds from cysteine and methionine.to compare the use of the halimeter and the oral chroma™ to assess the ability of common oral anaerobic bacteria isolated from the kuwaiti population to produce volatile sulfur compounds (vscs).201021160219
[detection of putative periodontal pathogens of periodontitis with type 2 diabetes].to detect the putative periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of chronic periodontitis (cp) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (dm) and to discuss the role of the periodontal pathogens in the cp and type 2 dm patients.201021163008
effect of smoking on subgingival microflora of patients with periodontitis in japan.smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis. to clarify the contribution of smoking to periodontitis, it is essential to assess the relationship between smoking and the subgingival microflora. the aim of this study was to gain an insight into the influence of smoking on the microflora of japanese patients with periodontitis.201121208407
identification of periodontal pathogens and severity of periodontitis in patients with and without chronic kidney disease.in this study of patients with chronic periodontitis (cp), the severity of the disease and the main periodontal pathogens identified in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd) were compared with those detected in individuals without systemic disease.201121211789
effect of nicotine, cotinine and cigarette smoke extract on the neutrophil respiratory burst.to determine the effect of nicotine, cotinine and cigarette smoke extract (cse) on the neutrophil respiratory burst and their effect on activation of the nuclear factor-κb (nfκb) pathway in oral epithelium.201121214612
predation of oral pathogens by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.periodontal diseases are multifactorial infections elicited by a complex of primarily gram-negative bacteria that interact with host tissues and lead to the destruction of the periodontal structures. bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative bacterium that preys upon other gram-negative bacteria. it was previously shown that b. bacteriovorus has an ability to attack and remove surface-attached bacteria or biofilms. in this study, we examined the host specificity of b. bacteriovorus strain 10 ...201021214870
killing of anaerobic pathogens by predatory bacteria.recently, the predation of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on a periodontal pathogen has been described. the current study explores the potential antimicrobial activity of a range of predatory bacteria against key periodontal pathogens. a number of representatives from the bdellovibrio, bacteriovorax and peredibacter lineages (called 'balos') were tested for their activity towards a group of key periodontal pathogens and an optimal multiplicity of infection was established. as the oral cavity contain ...201021214872
fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontal health and disease.the pathogenesis of periodontitis involves the interplay of microbiota present in the subgingival plaque and the host responses. inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues are considered to result from the response of a susceptible host to a microbial biofilm containing gram-negative pathogens. antimicrobial peptides are important contributors to maintaining the balance between health and disease in this complex environment. these include several salivary antimicrobial peptides such as ...201121220789
antimicrobial activity of diterpenes from viguiera arenaria against endodontic bacteria.six pimarane-type diterpenes isolated from viguiera arenaria baker and two semi-synthetic derivatives were evaluated in vitro against a panel of representative microorganisms responsible for dental root canal infections. the microdilution method was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) against porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella nigrescens, prevotella intermedia, prevotella buccae, fusobacterium nucleatum, bacteroi ...201121233793
invasive potential of gut mucosa-derived fusobacterium nucleatum positively correlates with ibd status of the host.background:: fusobacterium nucleatum is a heterogeneous oral pathogen that is also a common resident of the human gut mucosa. given that some strains of f. nucleatum are known to be invasive and proinflammatory in the oral mucosa, we compared strains isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) with strains isolated from healthy controls to determine 1) whether this species was more commonly associated with ibd patients; and 2) whether gut-derived f. nucleatum strains from ibd pa ...201121234912
effects of toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic therapy on periopathogens and periodontal biofilm: in vitro evaluation.photodynamic therapy (pdt) is a selective modality of killing targeted cells, mostly known for its application in neoplasms. pdt can be considered to be an alternative method for the elimination of periodontal bacteria from the pocket without harms for the resident tissues. therefore, pdt may replace systemic antibiotics and enhance the effect of mechanical treatments of periodontal defects. this effort focused on the in vitro sensitization of periopathogens (aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan ...201021244761
epigenetic regulation of human β-defensin 2 and cc chemokine ligand 20 expression in gingival epithelial cells in response to oral bacteria.gingival epithelia utilize multiple signaling pathways to regulate innate immune responses to various oral bacteria, but little is understood about how these bacteria alter epithelial epigenetic status. in this study we report that dna methyltransferase (dnmt1) and histone deacetylase expression were decreased in gingival epithelial cells treated with oral pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis and nonpathogen fusobacterium nucleatum. pretreatment with trichostatin a and sodium butyrate, which increa ...201121248725
[fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from a patient presenting lachrymal canaliculitis].a 68-year-old woman presented with a painless inflammation of the right superior eyelid that had started several weeks before. the clinical diagnosis concluded in canaliculitis and the solid concretions were surgically extracted from the superior canalicula. the anaerobic bacteria fusobacterium nucleatum sp. nucleatum was isolated. signs dramatically regressed two weeks after surgery followed by one course of oral amoxicillin and clavulanic acid associated with topical tobramycin. the clinical s ...201121255867
[a case of liver abscess caused by fusobacterium nucleatum in a patient with recurrent periodontal diseases].fusobacteria are anaerobic gram-negative, non-spore forming bacilli found in normal flora of the oral cavity, urogenital tract, and gastrointestinal tract. fusobacterium nucleatum has been seldom reported as a cause of liver abscess, particularly in immunocompetent hosts. a 55-year-old man with frequent periodontal disease visited our hospital with intermittent fever and headache for 2 months. abdominal ct scan revealed an 8.2 × 6 cm mass in the right hepatic lobe with central low density. absce ...201121258201
salivary infectious agents and periodontal disease status.the potential of salivary microorganisms to diagnose periodontal disease and to guide periodontal treatment is a research topic of current interest. this study aimed to determine whether the salivary counts of periodontopathic microbes correlated with the periodontal pocket counts of the same infectious agents, and whether the salivary counts of the test infectious agents could distinguish among individuals with periodontal health and various types of periodontal disease.201121261620
structure, viability and bacterial kinetics of an in vitro biofilm model using six bacteria from the subgingival microbiota.there are few in vitro models available in the scientific literature for study of the structure, formation and development of the subgingival biofilm. the purpose of this study was to develop and validate an in vitro biofilm model, using representative selected bacteria from the subgingival microbiota.201121261622
evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of dentifrices on human oral bacteria.in vitro testing of antimicrobial agents is an important tool in the testing hierarchy, and may provide interesting insights into their potential clinical efficacy. agents with demonstrable in vitro antimicrobial activity may be effective against the same microorganisms in vivo, whereas agents without demonstrable in vitro antimicrobial activity are unlikely to exhibit in vivo antimicrobial activity. in addition, these methods may also be useful in screening antimicrobial agents in product formu ...201021269037
evaluation of three swab transport systems for the maintenance of clinically important bacteria in simulated mono- and polymicrobial samples.in this study, three swab transport systems were evaluated: m40 transystem, amies broth with a relatively new type of swab (both copan diagnostics, corona, ca, usa), and ssi transportmedium (statens serum institut, copenhagen denmark). the clsi m40-a standard procedures and 11 culture collection strains were used. the transport systems were tested at room temperature for holding times of 0, 24, and 48 h, and both mono- and polymicrobial samples were included. after 24 h of simulated transportati ...201121284737
effect of ozone on periodontopathogenic species-an in vitro study.the in vitro study was aimed to determine the effect of ozone on periodontopathogenic microorganisms. ozone was generated for 6 s-2?×?24 s (corresponding to 0.56 mg-2?×?2.24 mg of ozone) against 23 mainly anaerobic periodontopathogenic species. agar diffusion test was used as a screening method. then, the killing activity was tested in a serum-free environment and with 25% v/v inactivated serum. further, the effect of ozone on bactericidal activity of native serum was analyzed against fusobacter ...201121287208
assessing the efficacy of vesicle fusion with planar membrane arrays using a mitochondrial porin as reporter.reconstitution of functionally active membrane protein into artificially made lipid bilayers is a challenge that must be overcome to create a membrane-based biomimetic sensor and separation device. in this study we address the efficacy of proteoliposome fusion with planar membrane arrays. we establish a protein incorporation efficacy assay using the major non-specific porin of fusobacterium nucleatum (foma) as reporter. we use electrical conductance measurements and fluorescence microscopy to ch ...201121295545
the effect of xylitol on the composition of the oral flora: a pilot study.our aim was to investigate the effect of short-term xylitol consumption on the microbial composition of plaque and saliva.201121311610
the origin of fusobacterium nucleatum involved in intra-amniotic infection and preterm birth.objective. to evaluate the potential oral origin of fusobacterium nucleatum found in amniotic fluid of women at high risk of preterm birth. methods. a transversal study nested into a cohort study of women with preterm labor and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes was undergone. women with the presence of f. nucleatum in the amniotic fluid and their respective partners were invited to be examined for their periodontal health after delivery, and samples of saliva and subgingival plaque were ...201121314291
the role of acidification in the inhibition of neisseria gonorrhoeae by vaginal lactobacilli during anaerobic growth.vaginal lactobacilli protect the female genital tract by producing lactic acid, bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide or a local immune response. in bacterial vaginosis, normal lactobacilli are replaced by an anaerobic flora and this may increase susceptibility to neisseria gonorrhoeae, a facultative anaerobe. bacterial interference between vaginal lactobacilli and n. gonorrhoeae has not been studied in liquid medium under anaerobic conditions. by co-cultivating n. gonorrhoeae in the presence of lacto ...201121329492
short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms.this study assessed the antibacterial activity of short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids against various oral microorganisms.201121333271
testing meningococcal vaccines for mitogenicity and superantigenicity.proteins with intrinsic mitogenic properties are widely represented in prokaryotes, such as in different streptococcus species (1-3), candida albicans (4), and eikenella corrodens (5). specifically, several bacterial porins of escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhimurium, fusobacterium nucleatum, and pathogenic neisseria species have been shown to induce nonspecific proliferation of lymphocytes (6-12).200121336757
salivary blood group antigens and microbial flora. 201021356009
association between periodontal pathogens and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction.the direct effect of periodontal pathogens on atherosclerotic plaque development has been suggested as a potential mechanism for the observed association between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease, but few studies have tested this theory.201121375559
rna-oligonucleotide quantification technique (roqt) for the enumeration of uncultivated bacterial species in subgingival biofilms.approximately 35% of the species present in subgingival biofilms are as yet uncultivated, so their role in periodontal pathogenesis is unknown. the aim of the present study was to develop a high throughput method to quantify a wide range of cultivated and uncultivated taxa in subgingival biofilm samples associated with periodontal disease or health. oligonucleotides targeting the 16s ribosomal dna gene were designed, synthesized and labeled with digoxigenin. these probes were hybridized with the ...201121375703
streptococcus cristatus attenuates fusobacterium nucleatum-induced cytokine expression by influencing pathways converging on nuclear factor-?b.we previously reported that streptococcus cristatus, an oral commensal, was able to downregulate the interleukin-8 (il-8) response to fusobacterium nucleatum, a putative oral pathogen in oral epithelial cells. the aim of this study was to extend the understanding of how s. cristatus regulates cytokine expression in oral epithelial cells on a broad basis, and investigate whether the modulation of a toll-like receptor (tlr) pathway was involved in this process. kb and tert-2 cells were co-cultured ...201121375705
in-vivo-induced antigenic determinants of fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum.fusobacterium nucleatum plays a pivotal role in dental plaque biofilm formation and is known to be involved in chronic inflammatory systemic disease. however, limited knowledge of f. nucleatum genes expressed in vivo interferes with our understanding of pathogenesis. in this study, we identified f. nucleatum genes induced in vivo using in-vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat). among 30,000 recombinant clones screened, 87 reacted reproducibly with pooled sera from 10 patients with periodontitis ...201121375706
myrsinoic acid b inhibits the production of hydrogen sulfide by periodontal pathogens in vitro.recently, we reported that myrsinoic acid b purified from myrsine seguinii inhibited methyl mercaptan (ch(3)sh) production by fusobacterium nucleatum jcm8532. since hydrogen sulfide (h(2)s) is the main component of physiological halitosis, while ch(3)sh is involved in pathological oral halitosis, the objective of this study is to determine whether myrsinoic acid b inhibits h(2)s production by oral microorganisms. f. nucleatum, porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola were incubated with ...201021383473
tongue biofilm areal density and tongue coating index.two methods have been employed to measure the amount of tongue biofilm in humans: (1) areal density of microbes (cfu cm(-2)) (tongue scrape from a known/measured area), or (2) a tongue-coating index, where a human judge assesses the amount of 'coating' by visual inspection. the two methods were compared, both on human volunteers and on artificial biofilms. fusobacterium nucleatum (fn), prevotella intermedia (pi), streptococcus mutans (sm) and peptostreptococcus micros (pm) were obtained from sto ...200821386152
generation of indole/skatole during malodor formation in the salivary sediment model system and initial examination of the oral bacteria involved.gram negative anaerobic microbial degradation of proteins, peptides and amino acids in saliva leads to production of oral malodor. volatile sulfur compounds (vscs) from cysteine and indole/skatole (i/s) from tryptophan are two major components of breath odor. in this study, salivary mixed bacteria and oral pure cultures were compared for their ability to produce odor from cysteine, tryptophan and salivary supernatant. the vsc malodor inhibitor, zinc, was used to help identify the malodor process ...200821386161
clinical spectrum of bacteraemic fusobacterium infections: from septic shock to nosocomial bacteraemia.fusobacterium species are anaerobic bacteria that relatively rarely cause sepsis with a variable clinical presentation.201121391770
modeling of diffusion transport through oral biofilms with the inverse problem method.the purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model to quantitatively describe the passive transport of macromolecules within dental biofilms.201021404968
clinical periodontal and microbiologic parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.background: a limited number of studies suggest the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra); however, results are inconsistent. the aim of this study was to investigate clinical periodontal and microbiologic parameters in patients with ra. methods: 66 patients with ra aged 49.5±8.4 years participated in the study. the periodontal situation was assessed with the periodontal screening index (psr(®)/psi); allocated to: healthy, gingivitis (psr(®)/psi score 0-2 ...201121405936
clustering of subgingival microbial species in adolescents with periodontitis.it has become increasingly recognized that groups of microorganisms interact within the subgingival plaque of adult subjects with periodontitis. it is much less clear, however, whether the consortia of microorganisms associated with periodontitis are different in early and more advanced cases of periodontitis. to investigate this point further, subgingival plaque was collected from six sites in 87 adolescents with periodontitis and 73 controls and the samples were analyzed for the detection of 1 ...201121410554
four cases of bacteraemia caused by fusobacterium nucleatum in febrile, neutropenic patients.although bacteraemia caused by obligate anaerobic bacteria is a rare event, this phenomenon will be an emerging problem among oncohaematological patients. we report four cases of bacteraemia caused by fusobacterium nucleatum in febrile, neutropenic patients over a 10 month period. all patients had haematological malignancy and severe neutropenia, and three of them suffered from oral mucositis or oedema of the oral mucosal surfaces, which was the probable portal of entry. all isolated strains wer ...201121415204
microbiologic results after non-surgical erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet laser or air-abrasive treatment of peri-implantitis: a randomized clinical trial.background: the purpose of this study is to assess clinical and microbiologic effects of the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis lesions using either an erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (er:yag) laser or an air-abrasive subgingival polishing method. methods: in a 6-month clinical trial, 42 patients with peri-implantitis were treated at one time with an er:yag laser or an air-abrasive device. routine clinical methods were used to monitor clinical conditions. baseline and 6-month ...201121417591
novel model for multispecies biofilms that uses rigid gas-permeable lenses.oral biofilms comprise complex multispecies consortia aided by specific inter- and intraspecies interactions occurring among commensals and pathogenic bacterial species. oral biofilms are primary initiating factors of periodontal disease, although complex multifactorial biological influences, including host cell responses, contribute to the individual outcome of the disease. to provide a system to study initial stages of interaction between oral biofilms and the host cells that contribute to the ...201121421785
[study of putative periodontal pathogens colonies in type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis].ppurpose: to study the permanent planting of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes, and evaluate role of periodontal pathogens in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.201021431261
structural basis of cooperative ligand binding by the glycine riboswitch.the glycine riboswitch regulates gene expression through the cooperative recognition of its amino acid ligand by a tandem pair of aptamers. a 3.6 +à crystal structure of the tandem riboswitch from the glycine permease operon of fusobacterium nucleatum reveals the glycine binding sites and an extensive network of interactions, largely mediated by asymmetric a-minor contacts, that serve to communicate ligand binding status between the aptamers. these interactions provide a structural basis for how ...201121439473
mpc-polymer reduces adherence and biofilm formation by oral bacteria.oral biofilms such as dental plaque cause dental caries and periodontitis, as well as aspiration pneumonia and infectious endocarditis by translocation. hence, the suppression of oral biofilm formation is an issue of considerable importance. mechanical removal, disinfectants, inhibition of polysaccharide formation, and artificial sugar have been used for the reduction of oral biofilm. from the viewpoint of the inhibition of bacterial adherence, we investigated whether aqueous biocompatible 2-met ...201121447697
detection of periodontal bacteria in atheromatous plaques by nested polymerase chain reaction.background. in recent years, increasing evidence regarding the potential association between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases has been elicited. the available evidence underlines the importance of detecting periodontal pathogens on atheromatous plaques as the first step in demonstrating the causal relationship between both entities. it is the main aim of this investigation to detect periodontitis-associated bacteria from carotid artery atheromatous plaques recovered from patients ...201121453047
the oral commensal, streptococcus gordonii, synergizes with tat protein to induce hiv-1 promoter activation in monocytes/macrophages.trans-activator of transcription (tat) is an hiv-1 protein essential for viral replication. oral periodontopathogens (e.g. fusobacterium nucleatum) enhance hiv-1ltr promoter activation in monocytes/macrophages in absence of tat; however, some oral commensals fail to trigger this response. we sought to determine the effect of tat on hiv-1ltr promoter activation induced by the representative oral commensal streptococcus gordonii in monocytes/macrophages. s. gordonii enhanced hiv-1ltr reactivation ...201121459369
multispecies communities: interspecies interactions influence growth on saliva as sole nutritional source.human oral bacteria live in multispecies communities in the biofilm called dental plaque. this review focuses on the interactions of seven species and the ability of each species individually and together with other species to grow on saliva as the sole source of nutrient. community formation in biofilms in flow cells is monitored using species-specific fluorophore-conjugated immunoglobulin g, and images are captured by confocal microscopy. early colonizing veillonellae emerge from this review o ...201121485308
analysis of interspecies adherence of oral bacteria using a membrane binding assay coupled with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiling.information on co-adherence of different oral bacterial species is important for understanding interspecies interactions within oral microbial community. current knowledge on this topic is heavily based on pariwise coaggregation of known, cultivable species. in this study, we employed a membrane binding assay coupled with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) to systematically analyze the co-adherence profiles of oral bacterial species, and achieved a more ...201121485313
microbial shifts during dental biofilm re-development in the absence of oral hygiene in periodontal health and disease.uzel ng, teles fr, teles rp, song xq, torresyap g, socransky ss, haffajee ad. microbial shifts during dental biofilm re-development in the absence of oral hygiene in periodontal health and disease. j clin peridontol 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01730.x. abstract: aim: to monitor microbial shifts during dental biofilm re-development. materials and methods: supra- and subgingival plaque samples were taken separately from 28 teeth in 38 healthy and 17 periodontitis subjects at baseline and i ...201121488936
influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro.objectives: the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the microtopography and hydrophilicity of titanium (ti) substrates on initial oral biofilm formation. materials and methods: nine bacterial species belonging to the normal oral microbiota, including: aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, actinomyces israelii, campylobacter rectus, eikenella corrodens, fusobacterium nucleatum, parvimonas micra, porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, and streptococcus sanguinis were teste ...201121492236
identification and enzymatic analysis of a novel protein associated with production of hydrogen sulfide and l-serine from l-cysteine in fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum atcc 25586.a third enzyme that produced hydrogen sulfide from l-cysteine was identified in fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum. the fn1055 gene was cloned from a cosmid library constructed with the genomic dna of f. nucleatum atcc 25586. despite the database annotation that the product of fn1055 is a cysteine synthase, reverse phase hplc revealed that no l-cysteine was produced in vitro by the purified fn1055 protein; however, the enzyme did produce l-serine. in addition, a cysteine auxotroph, escheri ...201121493682
antigenicity of primary endodontic infection against macrophages by the levels of pge(2) production.root canal contents are potent stimuli for proinflammatory cytokines involved in apical periodontitis. this study investigated target gram-negative bacterial species and endotoxins in primary endodontic infection with apical periodontitis, determined their antigenicity against macrophages through the levels of pge(2), and evaluated their relationship with clinical findings.201121496656
streptococcus cristatus modulates the fusobacterium nucleatum-induced epithelial interleukin-8 response through the nuclear factor-kappa b pathway.zhang g, chen r, rudney jd.streptococcus cristatusmodulates thefusobacterium nucleatum-induced epithelial interleukin-8 response through the nuclear factor-kappa b pathway. j periodont res 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01373.x.©2011 john wiley & sons a/s background and objective:  we previously reported that the interleukin-8 (il-8) response to fusobacterum nucleatum was attenuated in the presence of streptococcus cristatus. here, we further examined the underlying mechanism(s) involved in ...201121521225
preterm low birthweight and the role of oral bacteria.preterm and low birthweight (ptlbw) continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity across the world. in recent years, maternal periodontal disease has been implicated as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. there is conflicting evidence to support such an outcome as illustrated by descriptive, case control and randomised controlled trials involving pregnant women from across the world, using different measurement tools to determine the level of periodontal disease. whilst cons ...201021523222
osteoradionecrosis contains a wide variety of cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria.direct microscopy, anaerobic culture and dna-dna hybridization have previously demonstrated an association between microorganisms and osteoradionecrosis (orn). the purpose of our study was to use culture independent molecular techniques to detect bacteria in necrotic bone lesions of the mandible after radiation therapy.201021523230
differential effects of periopathogens on host protease inhibitors slpi, elafin, scca1, and scca2.secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitors (slpi), elafin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 and 2 (scca1 and scca2) are specific endogenous serine protease inhibitors expressed by epithelial cells that prevent tissue damage from excessive proteolytic enzyme activity due to inflammation. to determine the effects of various periopathogens on these protease inhibitors, we utilized human gingival epithelial cells (gecs) challenged with cell-free bacteria supernatants of various periopathogens porphyr ...201021523231
spiramycin resistance in human periodontitis microbiota.purpose: the occurrence of in vitro resistance to therapeutic concentrations of spiramycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole was determined for putative periodontal pathogens isolated in the united states. materials and methods: subgingival plaque specimens from 37 consecutive adults with untreated severe periodontitis were anaerobically cultured, and isolated putative periodontal pathogens were identified to a species level. in vitro resistance to spiramycin at 4 μg/ml, amoxicillin at 8 μg/ml, an ...201121524712
fusobacterium nucleatum infection of colonic cells stimulates muc2 mucin and tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}even though the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease is not completely known, it is influenced by the presence of normal gut microflora as well as-yet, unrecognized pathogens. the anaerobic, gram-negative bacterial species, fusobacterium nucleatum, is a common resident of the human mouth and gut and varies in its pathogenic potential. in this study, we demonstrate that highly invasive f. nucleatum isolates derived from the inflamed gut of crohn's disease patients evoked significantly greater m ...201121536792
inhibitory effect of lactobacillus reuteri on periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria.the interaction between lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic bacterium, and oral pathogenic bacteria have not been studied adequately. this study examined the effects of l. reuteri on the proliferation of periodontopathic bacteria including aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fusobacterium nucleatum, porphyromonas gingivalis, and tannerella forsythia, and on the formation of streptococcus mutans biofilms. human-derived l. reuteri strains (kctc 3594 and kctc 3678) and rat-derived l. reuteri kctc ...201121538238
interaction of oral bacteria with gingival epithelial cell multilayers.primary gingival epithelial cells were cultured in multilayers as a model for the study of interactions with oral bacteria associated with health and periodontal disease. multilayers maintained at an air-liquid interface in low-calcium medium displayed differentiation and cytokeratin properties characteristic of junctional epithelium. multilayers were infected with fluorescently labeled porphyromonas gingivalis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fusobacterium nucleatum or streptococcus gord ...201121545698
antibacterial compounds from siraitia grosvenorii leaves.luo han guo (lhg) fruits (siraitia grosvenorii swingle) have been used as traditional medicine in china for centuries to treat sore throats and coughs. however, lhg leaves are seldom used and minimal scientific information is available on them. in our recent study on the leaves of s. grosvenorii, the bioactive compounds β-amyrin (2), aloe emodin (5), aloe-emodin acetate (6), 5α,8α-epidioxy-24(r)-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (7) and p-hydroxyl benzyl acid (8), accompanied by n-hexadecaoic acid ...201121547839
garlic allicin as a potential agent for controlling oral pathogens.abstract garlic has been used medicinally throughout human history. allicin is considered the most therapeutic constituent of garlic. this study tested the antimicrobial activity of garlic allicin on oral pathogens associated with dental caries and periodontitis. allicin was found effective against all the tested bacteria. the broth dilution method revealed that planktonic growth of the cariogenic, gram-positive species streptococcus mutans, s. sobrinus, and actinomyces oris was inhibited by an ...201121548800
oxidative stress response in the opportunistic oral pathogen fusobacterium nucleatum.the anaerobic, gram-negative bacillus fusobacterium nucleatum plays a vital role in oral biofilm formation and the development of periodontal disease. the organism plays a central bridging role between early and late colonizers within dental plaque and plays a protective role against reactive oxygen species. using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry approach, we have annotated 78 proteins within the proteome of f. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and identified those proteins w ...201121563313
antimicrobial effect of adjunctive use of chlorhexidine mouthrinse in untreated gingivitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.becerik s, türkoğlu o, emingil g, vural c, özdemir g, atilla g. anti-microbial effect of adjunctive use of chlorhexidine mouthrinse in untreated gingivitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. apmis 2011; 119: 364-72. the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of chlorhexidine mouthrinse (chx) in addition to daily plaque control on subgingival microbiota in patients with untreated gingivitis. fifty gingivitis patients were randomized to chx or placebo groups. chx group rinsed wit ...201121569094
characteristics and outcomes of fusobacterium nucleatum bacteremia-a 6-year experience at a tertiary care hospital in northern taiwan.fusobacterium nucleatum bacteremia is critical and not well defined. to identify the clinical characteristics and outcomes, we conducted a retrospective review of hospitalized patients from january 2004 to december 2009 at a tertiary center in northern taiwan. fifty-seven patients were enrolled. the mean age was 58.1 years, and the mean pitt bacteremia score was 4.7. males predominated (59.6%), and the overall 30-day mortality rate was up to 47.4%. malignancy was the major comorbidity (26/57, 45 ...201121596220
[weight loss and dyspnea in a 46-year-old woman.] 201121601965
medical microbiologyat present there are over two dozen genera of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. in most clinical infections, only the genera bacteroides, prevotella, and fusobacterium need be considered. these genera are prevalent in the body as members of the normal flora (fig.20-1), constituting one-third of the total anaerobic isolates from clinical specimens, and may become involved in infections throughout the body (fig.20-2). within the bacteroides group, b fragilis is the most common pathogen, followed b ...199621413336
experimental alveolitis in rats: microbiological, acute phase response and histometric characterization of delayed alveolar healing.the pathogenesis of alveolitis is not well known and therefore experimental situations that mimic some features of this disease should be developed.201121625744
identification of an l-methionine {gamma}-lyase involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide from l-cysteine in fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum atcc 25586.fusobacterium nucleatum produces an abundance of hydrogen sulfide (h(2)s) in the oral cavity, which is mediated by several enzymes. the identification and characterization of three distinct enzymes (fn0625, fn1055 and fn1220) in f. nucleatum that catalyze the production of h(2)s from l-cysteine has been reported. in the current study, a novel enzyme involved in the production of h(2)s in f. nucleatum atcc 25586, whose molecular mass had been estimated to be approximately 130-kda, was identified ...201121798982
microbiological aspects of human mandibular subperiosteal dental implants.abstract purpose: clinical, microbiological and biochemical features of human mandibular subperiosteal dental implants exhibiting peri-implantitis were compared to those experiencing long-term peri-implant health.materials and methods: after evaluation of clinical parameters, submucosal plaque biofilm samples were obtained from permucosal implant abutment posts exhibiting probing depths = 5 mm and bleeding on probing in subjects with peri-implantitis (n = 3), and from posts with peri-implant hea ...201121767207
analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from endodontic infections in brazil during a period of nine years.the purpose of this study was to analyze the susceptibility of some anaerobic species isolated from a brazilian population at different periods of time by determining a pattern of development of resistance to frequently prescribed antibiotics in endodontics.201121763894
molecular sensing by the aptamer domain of the fmn riboswitch: a general model for ligand binding by conformational selection.understanding the nature of the free state of riboswitch aptamers is important for illuminating common themes in gene regulation by riboswitches. prior evidence indicated the flavin mononucleotide (fmn)-binding riboswitch aptamer adopted a 'bound-like' structure in absence of fmn, suggesting only local conformational changes upon ligand binding. in the scope of pinpointing the general nature of such changes at the nucleotide level, we performed shape mapping experiments using the aptamer domain ...201121745821
a novel organotypic dento-epithelial culture model: effect of fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm on b-defensin-2, -3, and ll-37 expression.background: in the present study, the expression and localization of three epithelial peptides, human +¦-defensin (hbd)-2, -3, and cathelicidin (ll-37), were studied in an organotypic dento-epithelial (od-e) model exposed to fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm. methods: biofilm of f. nucleatum atcc 25586 or ahn 9508 were produced by culturing each strain on semipermeable membranes. the od-e model was constructed by seeding keratinocytes on fibroblast-containing collagen gels and by placing dentin pi ...201121692631
invasive potential of gut mucosa-derived fusobacterium nucleatum positively correlates with ibd status of the host.fusobacterium nucleatum is a heterogeneous oral pathogen that is also a common resident of the human gut mucosa. given that some strains of f. nucleatum are known to be invasive and proinflammatory in the oral mucosa, we compared strains isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) with strains isolated from healthy controls to determine 1) whether this species was more commonly associated with ibd patients; and 2) whether gut-derived f. nucleatum strains from ibd patients showed ...201121830275
efficacy of chlorhexidine digluconate-containing formulations and other mouthrinses against periodontopathogenic microorganisms.objective: to determine in vitro the action of chlorhexidine digluconate and different commercially available mouthrinses on oral microorganisms. method and materials: minimal inhibitory concentrations and possible induction of resistance by chlorhexidine digluconate, an essential oil-containing mouthwash and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride solution, were determined against microorganisms normally found in the oral cavity (10 streptococci, 2 enterobacteria, 1 candida albicans, 8 porphyromona ...201121842009
[prevalence of helicobacter pylori detected by real-time pcr in the subgingival plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis].helicobacter pylori plays a significant role in gastric disease. the aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the prevalence of h. pylori detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time pcr) in the sub-gingival plaque of chronic periodontitis patients and to determine periodontopathogens profile of positive sites at h. pylori.201121688602
spontaneously draining acute otitis media in children: an observational study of clinical findings, microbiology and clinical course.abstract objectives: to study the outcome of acute otitis media (aom) with otorrhoea in children managed initially without antibiotics, in relation to bacterial and clinical findings, and to identify those who may benefit from antibiotics. methods: otherwise healthy, not otitis prone children aged 2-16 y, presenting with aom with spontaneous otorrhoea, were recruited from primary care and followed at selected ear, nose and throat (ent) clinics. specimens for bacterial investigations were obtaine ...201121736512
Simultaneous detection of periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque and placenta of women with hypertension in pregnancy.BACKGROUND: There are many studies documenting increased prevalence of periodontal infection in women with preeclampsia. But, very few studies have attempted to establish causal relationship between the two. OBJECTIVE: To find out causal circumstantial evidence by isolating specific periodontal pathogens in oral and placental samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antenatal periodontal screening and subgingival plaque collection was carried out in ten women with hypertension in pregnancy and ten normot ...201121830010
Tongue piercing: the effect of material on microbiological findings.Biofilms on oral piercings may serve as a bacterial reservoir and lead to systemic bacteremia or local transmission of pathogenic microbiota. The use of piercing materials which are less susceptible to biofilm accumulation could contribute to prevention of problems. The present study investigated whether there are microbiological differences in bacterial samples collected from tongue piercings made of different materials.201121700161
adherence to streptococci facilitates fusobacterium nucleatum integration into an oral microbial community.the development of multispecies oral microbial communities involves complex intra- and interspecies interactions at various levels. the ability to adhere to the resident bacteria or the biofilm matrix and overcome community resistance are among the key factors that determine whether a bacterium can integrate into a community. fusobacterium nucleatum is a prevalent gram-negative oral bacterial species that is able to adhere to a variety of oral microbes and has been implicated in playing an impor ...201122202886
automated rna structure prediction uncovers a kink-turn linker in double glycine riboswitches.the tertiary structures of functional rna molecules remain difficult to decipher. a new generation of automated rna structure prediction methods may help address these challenges but have not yet been experimentally validated. here we apply four prediction tools to a class of double glycine riboswitches that can bind two ligands cooperatively. a novel method (bppalign), rmdetect, jar3d, and rosetta 3d modeling give consistent predictions for a new stem p0 and a kink-turn motif. these elements st ...201122192063
Antibacterial activity of sphingoid bases and fatty acids against gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.There is growing evidence that the role of lipids in innate immunity is more important than previously realized. How lipids interact with bacteria to achieve a level of protection, however, is still poorly understood. To begin to address mechanisms of antibacterial activity, we determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of lipids common to the skin and oral cavity: sphingoid bases D-sphingosine, phytosphingosine, and dihydrosphingosine, and f ...201122155833
antimicrobial efficacy of denture adhesives on some oral malodor-related microbes.the objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of three denture adhesives toward streptococcus oralis, mutans, prevotella oralis and fusobacterium nucleatum. adhesives used were corega ultra(®), fixodent pro original(®) and biotene(®) denture grip. for streptococcus oralis and streptococcus mutans, four tubes of trypticase soy broth 10 ml and 1 g denture of adhesive were used. in addition four tubes of trypticase soy broth 10 ml without any denture adhesive was employed a ...201122075753
a five-species transcriptome array for oral mixed-biofilm studies.oral polymicrobial interactions and biofilm formation are associated with initiation and progression of caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. transcriptome studies of such interactions, allowing a first mechanistic insight, are hampered by current single-species array designs.201122194794
Microbiological analysis of gingivitis in pediatric patients under orthodontic treatment.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gingival inflammation and changes in bacteria of the gingival sulcus in children in orthodontic treatment with brackets.201122185242
fusobacterium nucleatum: an emerging gut pathogen?the gram-negative, non-sporulating, obligately anaerobic species, fusobacterium nucleatum, is rapidly gaining notoriety as a pathogen with a surprising number of associated diseases. recently, we have found that f. nucleatum is a more common resident of the gi tract than originally thought, and thus, through several studies, we have attempted to determine its gut-relevant potential for virulence. we have found that f. nucleatum possesses a number of pathogenic traits with relevance to gut diseas ...201122067936
Quantitative analysis of microbiota in saliva, supragingival, and subgingival plaque of Chinese adults with chronic periodontitis.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the profiles of periodontopathogenic bacteria in a Chinese population using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four periodontally healthy Chinese subjects and 60 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. qRT-PCR was used to quantify Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomit ...201122169888
Isoflavonoids and Coumarins from Glycyrrhiza uralensis: Antibacterial Activity against Oral Pathogens and Conversion of Isoflavans into Isoflavan-Quinones during Purification.Phytochemical investigation of a supercritical fluid extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis has led to the isolation of 20 known isoflavonoids and coumarins, and glycycarpan (7), a new pterocarpan. The presence of two isoflavan-quinones, licoriquinone A (8) and licoriquinone B (9), in a fraction subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex LH-20 is due to suspected metal-catalyzed oxidative degradation of licoricidin (1) and licorisoflavan A (2). The major compounds in the extract, as well as 8, were evalu ...201122074222
fusobacterium nucleatum adhesin fada binds vascular endothelial cadherin and alters endothelial integrity.fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative oral anaerobe, capable of systemic dissemination causing infections and abscesses, often in mixed-species, at different body sites. we have shown previously that f. nucleatum adheres to and invades host epithelial and endothelial cells via a novel fada adhesin. in this study, vascular endothelial (ve)-cadherin, a member of the cadherin family and a cell-cell junction molecule, was identified as the endothelial receptor for fada, required for f. nucleatu ...201122040113
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