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the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on phagocytic activity and production of reactive oxygen, nitrogen species and arginase activity by m1 and m2 macrophages.to assess the influence of co-culture with mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) on phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (roi) and nitrogen (no) species and the arginase activity by m1 and m2 peritoneal macrophages.200717627697
femoral vein thrombophlebitis and septic pulmonary embolism due to a mixed anaerobic infection including solobacterium moorei: a case report.abstract:200717605768
cultivable bacteria in infected root canals as identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing.introduction: traditionally, cultivable bacteria isolated from infected root canals have been identified by phenotype-based methods. because 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequencing has emerged as a more accurate and reliable tool for bacterial identification, the present study applied this approach to identify bacterial isolates recovered from the root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. methods: anaerobic techniques were used for culturing; identification of the isolates was car ...200717600539
association of a high-molecular weight arginine-binding protein of fusobacterium nucleatum atcc 10953 with adhesion to secretory immunoglobulin a and coaggregation with streptococcus cristatus.fusobacterium nucleatum coaggregates with a diverse range of bacterial species, and binds to host tissues and proteins such as immunoglobulin. these interactions may support the attachment of a variety of organisms to oral surfaces and can facilitate the invasion of soft tissues. we hypothesized that coaggregation with streptococci and immunoglobulin binding may occur by a common adhesin sensitive to l-arginine.200717600532
fada from fusobacterium nucleatum utilizes both secreted and nonsecreted forms for functional oligomerization for attachment and invasion of host cells.fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobe associated with various human infections, including periodontal diseases and preterm birth. a novel fada adhesin was recently identified for host-cell binding. it consists of 129 amino acid residues, with an 18-amino acid signal peptide. expression of fada in escherichia coli enhanced bacterial binding to host epithelial and endothelial cells. in both e. coli and f. nucleatum, fada exists in two forms, the intact pre-fada and the secreted matur ...200717588948
production of antagonistic substance by eikenella corrodens isolated from the oral cavity of human beings with and without periodontal disease.antagonistic abilities may confer ecological advantages for micro-organisms in competitive ecosystems. however, reports regarding this phenomenon in eikenella corrodens are not available.200717584471
physiological alterations of a fusobacterium nucleatum strain exposed to oxidative stress.the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on physiological and genetic characteristics of fusobacterium nucleatum and its interference on this microbial identification methods.200717584449
activation of protective responses in oral epithelial cells by fusobacterium nucleatum and human beta-defensin-2.oral epithelia are constantly exposed to non-pathogenic (commensal) bacteria, but generally remain healthy and uninflamed. fusobacterium nucleatum, an oral commensal bacterium, strongly induces human beta-defensin-2 (hbd2), an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide, in gingival epithelial cells (gecs). hbd2 is also expressed in normal oral tissue leading to the hypothesis that oral epithelia are in an activated state with respect to innate immune responses under normal in vivo conditions. in ...200717577065
a novel tem contrasting technique for extracellular polysaccharides in in vitro biofilms.in the past, the visualization of the extracellular matrix of biofilms on an ultrastructural level was hampered by shrinkage artifacts. in addition, the reproducible contrasting of extracellular polysaccharides (eps) has not satisfactorily been solved. here we describe a method overcoming these difficulties, which produces artifact-free transmission electron microscopic (tem) images using multispecies biofilms grown in vitro. sufficient contrast was achieved by replacing schiff's reagent with th ...200717557287
co-adhesion and biofilm formation by fusobacterium nucleatum in response to growth ph.fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobic organism considered to play an important role in the progression of periodontal disease and is commonly found in clinical infections of other body sites. apart from its metabolic versatility, its cell-surface properties enable it to attach to epithelial cells, collagen, gingival epithelial cells and other bacterial genera, but not with other fusobacteria. the development of periodontitis is associated with a rise in ph in the gingival sulcus t ...200717540586
bacterial species in subgingival plaque and oral bone loss in postmenopausal women.oral bacteria are widely recognized in the etiology of periodontal disease. we investigated the prevalence of subgingival bacterial infection with eight species, tested associations between infection and oral bone loss, and assessed potential confounding factors and effect modifiers of those associations in a large community-based cohort of postmenopausal women.200717539719
effect of an essential oil-containing antimicrobial mouthrinse on specific plaque bacteria in vivo.this study was conducted to investigate the effect of rinsing with an essential oil-containing mouthrinse on levels of specific supra and subgingival bacteria in subjects with gingivitis.200717535287
odontogenic bacteria in periodontal disease and resistance patterns to common antibiotics used as treatment and prophylaxis in odontology in spain.resistance in streptococci or gram-negative bacteria is associated with antibiotic consumption. scarce information exists on the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from patients with periodontitis in countries with high antibiotic consumption, as this is an area in which microbiological testing is not performed in daily practice. the present study was undertaken to explore the susceptibility of bacterial isolates in periodontitis to antibiotics prescribed in odontology in spain as t ...200717530037
periodontal bacterial dna suppresses the immune response to mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase.certain cpg motifs found in bacterial dna enhance immune responses through toll-like receptor 9 (tlr-9) and may also demonstrate adjuvant properties. our objective was to determine if dna from bacteria associated with periodontal disease could affect the immune response to other bacterial antigens in the oral cavity. streptococcus sobrinus glucosyltransferase (gtf), an enzyme involved in dental caries pathogenesis, was used as a test antigen. rowett rats were injected with aluminum hydroxide (al ...200717517867
infection at titanium implants with or without a clinical diagnosis of inflammation.to assess the microbiota at implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis, implant mucositis, or being clinically healthy.200717517058
activation of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 by gram-negative periodontal bacteria.periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease associated with a gram-negative subgingival microflora. bacterial components stimulate, among other receptors, toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and/or tlr4. accumulating evidence indicates that both qualitatively and quantitatively distinct immune responses result from the triggering of tlr2 as compared to tlr4 triggering. the aim was to study the interaction of porphyromonas gingivalis, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, tannerella forsythensis, prevot ...200717488439
in vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis samples from different geographical origins against certain oral pathogens.propolis is an agent having antimicrobial properties, however, its composition can vary depending on the area where it is collected. in the present study, the antimicrobial activity of five propolis samples, collected from four different regions in turkey and from brazil, against nine anaerobic strains was evaluated. ethanol extracts of propolis (eep) were prepared from propolis samples and we determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbc) of eep ...200717475517
comparison of curet and paper point sampling of subgingival bacteria as analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.the outcome of microbiological diagnostics may depend on the sampling technique. it was the aim of the present study to compare two widely used sampling techniques for subgingival bacteria using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.200717470026
sonoporation is an efficient tool for intracellular fluorescent dextran delivery and one-step double-crossover mutant construction in fusobacterium nucleatum.studies of microorganisms are often hindered by a lack of effective genetic tools. one such example is fusobacterium nucleatum, a gram-negative anaerobe associated with various human infections, including those causing periodontal disease and preterm birth. the first double-crossover allelic-exchange mutant in f. nucleatum was recently constructed using sonoporation, a novel ultrasound-mediated intracellular delivery method, demonstrating potential for bacterial gene transfection. to better unve ...200717449701
the in vivo dynamics of streptococcus spp., actinomyces naeslundii, fusobacterium nucleatum and veillonella spp. in dental plaque biofilm as analysed by five-colour multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization.the formation and composition of dental plaque biofilm in vivo are important factors which influence the development of gingivitis, caries and periodontitis. studying dental plaque biofilm in in vitro models can cause an oversimplification of the real conditions in the oral cavity. in this study, bovine enamel slabs were fixed in an individual acrylic appliance in situ to quantify dental plaque formation and composition using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and confocal laser ...200717446294
case report: lemierre syndrome presenting with fever and pharyngitis. 200717429891
evidence of periopathogenic microorganisms in placentas of women with preeclampsia.periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory infectious disease that may act as a focus of infection. preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder that often leads to maternal morbidity and mortality. acute atherosis, the placental lesion of preeclampsia, shares many histopathological features with atherosclerosis. recently, chronic infection was linked to the initiation of atherosclerosis. oral pathogens have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques, where they may play a role in ...200717397314
signaling cascades triggered by bacterial metabolic end products during reactivation of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.the present studies explore the role of polymicrobial infection in the reactivation of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) and analyze signaling pathways activated upon this induction. we hypothesized that activation of the cellular stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) p38 pathway would play a key role in the bacterium-mediated disruption of viral latency similar to that of previously reported results obtained with other inducers of gammaherpesvirus lytic replicati ...200717376930
differential activation of nf-kappab and gene expression in oral epithelial cells by periodontal pathogens.to investigate the molecular effects of the periodontopathogens fusobacterium nucleatum (fn) and porphyromonas gingivalis (pg) on the oral epithelium, the h400 oral epithelial cell line was cultured in the presence of non-viable bacteria. following confirmation of the presence of transcripts for the bacterial pattern recognition receptors in h400 cells, toll-like receptors -2, -4 and -9, and components of the nf-kappab signalling pathway, immunocytochemical analyses were performed showing that n ...200717355248
rapid identification of fusobacterium nucleatum and fusobacterium necrophorum by fluorescence in situ hybridization.identification of clinically relevant fusobacterium spp. is hampered by their slow growth, their frequent occurrence in polymicrobial culture, and the low reliability of biochemical differentiation methods. a newly developed fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) assay allowed reliable and rapid identification of fusobacterium necrophorum and fusobacterium nucleatum from culture. preliminary results show that the method offers the perspective for direct detection of these pathogens in blood c ...200717350209
the detection of eight putative periodontal pathogens in adult and rapidly progressive periodontitis patients: an institutional study.periodontal disease is a commonly prevalent problem faced alike by both the developed and third world countries but showing wide variations in prevalence and severity across different geographical areas. the purpose was to identify actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (aa), porphyromonas gingivalis (pg), prevotella intermedia (pi), ekinella corrodens (ec), campylobacter rectus (cr), bacteroides forsythus (bf), treponema denticola (td) and fusobacterium nucleatum (fn) in indian adult periodontiti ...200717347537
response to alkaline stress by root canal bacteria in biofilms.to determine whether bacteria isolated from infected root canals survive alkaline shifts better in biofilms than in planktonic cultures.200717326786
efficacy of the de novo-derived antimicrobial peptide wlbu2 against oral bacteria.the efficacy of a novel synthetic antimicrobial peptide (wlbu2) was evaluated against three oral microorganisms (grown planktonically): streptococcus gordonii, fusobacterium nucleatum, and porphyromonas gingivalis. wlbu2 killed all three species, with f. nucleatum being the most susceptible. wlbu2 also reduced the bacterial burden of s. gordonii and f. nucleatum biofilms.200717325219
a comparison of implant-supported, bar- or ball-retained mandibular overdentures: a retrospective clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic study of 10 edentulous patients attending a recall visit.clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic comparisons of the peri-implant health in edentulous volunteers wearing long-standing implant-supported ball- or dolder bar-retained mandibular overdentures were performed.200717319360
microbiological outcomes of quadrant versus full-mouth root planing as monitored by real-time pcr.to study the short-term microbiological changes following full-mouth compared with quadrant wise scaling and root planing (fmrp and qrp) as well as long-term effects.200717309590
gingival epithelial cell transcriptional responses to commensal and opportunistic oral microbial species.transcriptional profiling and ontology tools were utilized to define the biological pathways of gingival epithelial cells modulated by coculture with the oral commensal streptococcus gordonii and the opportunistic commensal fusobacterium nucleatum. overall, f. nucleatum and s. gordonii perturbed the gingival epithelial cell transcriptome much less significantly than the oral pathogens porphyromonas gingivalis and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans perturbed the transcriptome, indicating that ...200717307939
efficacy of gasiform ozone and photodynamic therapy on a multispecies oral biofilm in vitro.ozone gas and photodynamic therapy (pdt) have been claimed to be antimicrobially effective. this study assessed their antimicrobial potential in vitro. mature six-species oral biofilms were treated as follows (n = 9 per group): (i) a 60-s application of gasiform vacuum-ozone or vacuum alone (on wet or air-dried biofilm samples); (ii) pdt (i.e. methylene blue in combination with or without a diode soft laser, and a soft laser alone); or (iii) antimicrobial solutions: immersion of biofilms for 60 ...200717305720
actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide regulates matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase, and plasminogen activator production by human gingival fibroblasts: a potential role in connective tissue destruction.fibroblasts, a major constituent of gingival connective tissue, can produce immunoregulatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes that may contribute to tissue destruction. in this study, we evaluated the production of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), tissue inhibitors of mmps (timps), and plasminogen activators by gingival fibroblasts stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (lps) produced by periodontopathogens, including actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. in addition, changes in the expression an ...200717299802
interleukin-1alpha stimulation in monocytes by periodontal bacteria: antagonistic effects of porphyromonas gingivalis.periodontal pathogenic bacteria are associated with elevated levels of interleukin-1alpha (il-1alpha) but it is unclear if all species can induce cytokine production equally. porphyromonas gingivalis may be able antagonize il-1alpha induced by other species through the activity of its proteases or lipopolysaccharide (lps). monomac-6 cells and primary human monocytes were treated with culture supernatants from porphyromonas gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatum, campylobacter rectus, actinobacillus ...200717241171
antianaerobe activity of ceftobiprole, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin.agar dilution testing of 463 anaerobes showed most gram-positive beta-lactamase-negative strains (other than some clostridium difficile and peptostreptococcus anaerobius), as well as both beta-lactamase-positive and beta-lactamase-negative strains of fusobacterium nucleatum, to have ceftobiprole mic values of < or =0.016 to 4 microg/ml. ceftobiprole was less active against beta-lactamase-positive gram-negative bacilli, especially the members of the bacteroides fragilis group. like ceftobiprole, ...200717240107
sensitivity of oral bacteria to 254 nm ultraviolet light.to explore the sensitivity of bacteria commonly found in root canals to 254 nm ultraviolet (uv) light, either as individual cells or as participants of a bacterial multilayer.200717229117
inflammation associated with implants with different surface types.the aim of this study was to determine the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate associated with different transmucosal implant surfaces in dogs.200717224032
hyperactivity and reactivity of peripheral blood neutrophils in chronic periodontitis.some evidence exists that peripheral neutrophils from patients with chronic periodontitis generate higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) after fcgamma-receptor stimulation than those from healthy controls. we hypothesized that peripheral neutrophils in periodontitis also show both hyper-reactivity to plaque organisms and hyperactivity in terms of baseline, unstimulated generation and release of ros. peripheral neutrophils from chronic periodontitis patients and age/sex/smoking-matched h ...200717223966
rat model of polymicrobial infection, immunity, and alveolar bone resorption in periodontal disease.one of the predominant polymicrobial infections of humans is expressed clinically as periodontal disease. porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia have been strongly implicated as members of a pathogenic consortium in the etiology of adult periodontitis. in this study we hypothesized that p. gingivalis, t. denticola, and t. forsythia are synergistic in terms of virulence potential and induce chronic periodontal inflammation that leads to alveolar bone resorption in ...200717210663
clinical and microbiological profiles of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive brazilians undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy and hiv-seronegative brazilians with chronic periodontitis.this study compares the periodontal clinical profile and the composition of the subgingival microbiota of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive and hiv-seronegative subjects with chronic periodontitis.200717199544
the proteomic profile of fusobacterium nucleatum is regulated by growth ph.fusobacterium nucleatum is a saccharolytic gram-negative anaerobic organism believed to play an important role in the microbial succession associated with the development of periodontal disease. its genome contains niche-specific genes shared with the other inhabitants of dental plaque, which may help to explain its ability to survive and grow in the changing environmental conditions experienced in the gingival sulcus during the transition from health to disease. the ph of the gingival sulcus in ...200717185543
phylogenetic analysis of bacterial and archaeal species in symptomatic and asymptomatic endodontic infections.phylogenetic analysis of bacterial and archaeal 16s rrna was used to examine polymicrobial communities within infected root canals of 20 symptomatic and 14 asymptomatic patients. nucleotide sequences from approximately 750 clones amplified from each patient group with universal bacterial primers were matched to the ribosomal database project ii database. phylotypes from 37 genera representing actinobacteria, bacteroidetes, firmicutes, fusobacteria and proteobacteria were identified. results were ...200717172525
crystallization and preliminary x-ray data of the fada adhesin from fusobacterium nucleatum.fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobe prevalent in the oral cavity that is associated with periodontal disease, preterm birth and infections in other parts of the human body. the bacteria attach to and invade epithelial and endothelial cells in the gum tissue and elsewhere via a 13.7 kda adhesin protein fada (fusobacterium adhesin a). fada exists in two forms: the intact form (pre-fada), consisting of 129 amino acids, and the mature form (mfada), which lacks an 18-residue signal se ...200617142900
antimicrobial effect of acidified nitrate and nitrite on six common oral pathogens in vitro.salivary nitrate is positively correlated with plasma nitrate and its level is 9 times the plasma level after nitrate loading. nitrate in saliva is known to be reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria. nitrate and nitrite levels in saliva are 3 - 5 times those in serum in physiological conditions respectively in our previous study. the biological functions of high salivary nitrate and nitrite are still not well understood. the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of ...200617134590
common antacids could help keep gingivitis at bay. 200617128225
effects of sonicated prevotella intermedia, fusobacterium nucleatum and lactobacillus casei extracts on interleukin-8 production by human dental pulp cells.the objective of this study was to determine the effects of prevotella intermedia, fusobacterium nucleatum and lactobacillus casei on the production of il-8 by human dental pulp cells. human dental pulp cells from teeth of young patients (aged 18-25 years) were cultured and tested with sonicated p. intermedia atcc 25611, f. nucleatum atcc 25586 and l. casei atcc 4646 extracts. il-8 secreted into the culture supernatants were measured at 6, 12 and 24 hours using a quantitative sandwich enzyme imm ...200617120973
amphipathic polymers: tools to fold integral membrane proteins to their active form.among the major obstacles to pharmacological and structural studies of integral membrane proteins (mps) are their natural scarcity and the difficulty in overproducing them in their native form. mps can be overexpressed in the non-native state as inclusion bodies, but inducing them to achieve their functional three-dimensional structure has proven to be a major challenge. we describe here the use of an amphipathic polymer, amphipol a8-35, as a novel environment that allows both beta-barrel and al ...200617115690
carpegen real-time polymerase chain reaction vs. anaerobic culture for periodontal pathogen identification.the aim of this study was to compare two methods of microbiological diagnosis, anaerobic bacterial culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), for the detection of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, tannerella forsythia, fusobacterium nucleatum, and treponema denticola.200617064390
[multiple intracerebral lesions. identification of the causative agent by 16s rdna-pcr].molecular biological methods such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr) enable microbiologists to detect bacteria even if antibiotic treatment has already been started. based on this case report of a 39-year-old man with multiple intracerebral lesions, we describe a pcr method called 16s rdna-pcr which can be used to identify panbacterial dna by focussing on the universal gene sequences for the bacterial 16s part of the ribosome.200617063323
splenic vein thrombosis presenting as fusobacterium nucleatum bacteremia. 200617022361
in vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against selected single-species biofilms.to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 2.5% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2.0% chlorhexidine gel and liquid as endodontic-irrigating substances against selected single-species biofilms.200617014526
photodynamic therapy for endodontic disinfection.the aims of this study were to investigate the effects of photodynamic therapy (pdt) on endodontic pathogens in planktonic phase as well as on enterococcus faecalis biofilms in experimentally infected root canals of extracted teeth. strains of microorganisms were sensitized with methylene blue (25 microg/ml) for 5 minutes followed by exposure to red light of 665 nm with an energy fluence of 30 j/cm2. methylene blue fully eliminated all bacterial species with the exception of e. faecalis (53% kil ...200616982278
coaggregation interactions between oral and endodontic enterococcus faecalis and bacterial species isolated from persistent apical periodontitis.interactions between enterococcus faecalis and other species found in root canal infections might be important for the development and persistence of periapical disease. the aim of this study was to investigate the coaggregation interactions between e. faecalis clinical isolates and species previously shown to survive and induce apical periodontitis in monkeys: peptostreptococcus anaerobius, prevotella oralis, fusobacterium nucleatum, and streptococcus anginosus. intergeneric coaggregation assay ...200616982270
periodontal therapy in siblings with papillon-lefèvre syndrome and tinea capitis: a report of two cases.report of clinical and microbiological periodontal findings before and 6 months after treatment of two siblings with papillon-lefèvre syndrome (pls) and tinea capitis.200616970621
antibacterial effect of electrolyzed water on oral bacteria.this study investigated the antibacterial effect of electrolyzed water on oral bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. tap water was electrolyzed in a water vessel using platinum cell technology. the electrolyzed tap water (called puri-water) was put in contact with five major periodontopathogens or toothbrushes contaminated with these bacteria for 30 sec. in addition, puri-water was used as a mouthwash for 30 sec in 16 subjects and the antibacterial effect on salivary bacteria was evaluated. puri-w ...200616953177
oral adhesion and survival of probiotic and other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro.most probiotic products are consumed orally and hence it is feasible that the bacteria in these products may also attach to oral surfaces; however, the effects of these bacteria on the oral ecosystem are mostly unknown. our aim was to evaluate the oral colonization potential of different probiotic, dairy, and fecal lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains in vitro.200616922933
association of eubacterium nodatum and treponema denticola with human periodontitis lesions.the purpose of the present investigation was to compare the levels, proportions and percentage of sites colonized by 40 bacterial species in subgingival plaque samples from periodontally healthy subjects and patients with chronic periodontitis to seek possible pathogens other than the consensus pathogens porphyromonas gingivalis and tannerella forsythia.200616922925
influence of residual bacteria on periapical tissue healing after chemomechanical treatment and root filling of experimentally infected monkey teeth.the purpose of this study was twofold: first, to determine the influence on the healing of the periapical tissues when selected bacterial strains and combinations thereof remain after root canal treatment; and, second, the relationship to healing of the quality of the root filling. in eight monkeys, 175 root canals, previously infected with combinations of four or five bacterial strains and with radiographically verified apical periodontitis, were endodontically treated, bacteriologically contro ...200616911098
expression of the short fimbriae of porphyromonas gingivalis is regulated in oral bacterial consortia.the mfa1 protein of porphyromonas gingivalis is the structural subunit of the short fimbriae and mediates coadhesion between p. gingivalis and streptococcus gordonii. we utilized a promoter-lacz reporter construct to examine the regulation of mfa1 expression in consortia with common oral plaque bacteria. promoter activity of mfa1 was inhibited by s. gordonii, streptococcus sanguinis and streptococcus mitis. in contrast, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus cristatus, actinomyces naeslundii, actin ...200616907740
in vitro activity of linezolid against clinical isolates of fusobacterium spp.although most susceptibility studies for linezolid have investigated aerobic bacteria, only a few have investigated anaerobe isolates. the aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activity of linezolid against a larger sample of clinical isolates of fusobacterium spp. and to report on the detailed susceptibility, stratified by species.200616905529
characterisation and subcellular localisation of the groel-like and dnak-like proteins isolated from fusobacterium nucleatum atcc 10953.fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with periodontitis in humans, and is a central member of the dental biofilm. heat shock proteins (hsps) of many different bacteria have been considered to play important roles during inflammations and infections. we have identified and characterised the hsp60 and hsp70, the escherichia coli groel and dnak homologues, respectively, in f. nucleatum atcc 10953. the n-terminal 22 amino acid residues of hsp60 exhibited up to 63.6% identity with members of the hsp ...200316887717
anaerobic bacteria cultured from the tongue dorsum of subjects with oral malodor.the bacteria on the dorsum of the tongue are the most frequent cause of oral malodor; however, the bacterial flora of the tongue has not been well defined. although recent studies have used dna probes to detect the presence of certain periodontal pathogens, cultural studies have been limited because of the complexity of the flora of the tongue dorsum. the purpose of this study was to grow and to identify maximum numbers of capnophylic gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic micro-organisms by cultur ...200316887710
susceptibility of fusobacterium nucleatum to killing by peroxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide combination in buffer solution and in human whole saliva.some gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with the infection of tooth supporting tissues, i.e. periodontitis. of these bacteria, fusobacterium nucleatum is sensitive to lactoperoxidase/myeloperoxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide system in vitro, but salivary concentrations of thiocyanate abolishes the bactericidality. these bacteria are located in periodontal pockets, on oral mucosa and in saliva. although f. nucleatum most probably does not belong to the group of main periodontal ...200316887684
an in vitro time-kill assessment of linezolid and anaerobic bacteria.linezolid is a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial agent active against staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant strains), enterococci (including vancomycin-resistant strains), streptococci (including penicillin-intermediate and -resistant streptococcus pneumoniae), and other aerobic and facultative bacteria. the agent has also demonstrated activity against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. previous time-kill assessments have shown linezolid to be genera ...200316887680
the behaviour of fusobacterium nucleatum chemostat-grown in glucose- and amino acid-based chemically defined media.fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobe, found in a number of different areas of human and animal bodies as part of the resident microbiota. however, it also appears to be involved in polymicrobial infections in such sites. it occurs in the oral cavity where it is a prominent member of various bacterial consortia associated with periodontal diseases. like most fusobacteria, it derives energy via the fermentation of amino acids which it can obtain through the dissimilation of small pe ...199816887630
ribotyping of bacteria from root canal and blood of patients receiving endodontic therapy.dna restriction patterns and corresponding ribotypes of 26 bacterial isolates (propionibacterium acnes, peptostreptococcus prevotii, fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella intermedia, prevotella nigrescens, actinomyces israelii, streptococcus intermedius, and streptococcus sanguis) recovered from patients with infected root canals and their peripheral blood, collected during and after endodontic therapy, were examined. eleven additional reference strains including type strains were also examined. p ...199716887597
periodontal microflora of hiv infected patients with periodontitis.the aim of this study was to determine the microbial profile of periodontal lesions in hiv seropositive patients and to compare it with rapidly progressing periodontal lesions in systemically healthy patients. the subgingival microflora of 20 cdc ii, 20 cdc iii, 20 cdc iv/v and 20 systemically healthy patients with rapidly progressing periodontitis was examined. four sites with greatest probing depth in each patient were selected for microbiological sampling. the samples were cultured aerobicall ...199716887570
protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins against oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharides of periodontopathogens.during phagocytosis or stimulation with bacterial components, macrophages activate various cell processes, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns), which are critical for successful defense against invading organisms. increased levels of ros/rns create oxidative stress that results in tissue and bone destruction. grape seed proanthocyanidins have been reported to possess a wide range of biologic properties against oxidative stress. in the pre ...200616881806
genetic and biochemical characterization of fus-1 (oxa-85), a narrow-spectrum class d beta-lactamase from fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum.previous studies have reported beta-lactamase-mediated penicillin resistance in fusobacterium nucleatum, but no beta-lactamase gene has yet been identified in this species. an f. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum strain resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin was isolated from a human periodontitis sample. dna cloning and sequencing revealed a 765-bp open reading frame encoding a new class d beta-lactamase named fus-1 (oxa-85). a recombinant escherichia coli strain carrying the bla(fus-1) gene exhibi ...200616870757
an in vitro study of antimicrobial activity and efficacy of iodine-generating hydrogel dressings.to determine the antimicrobial activity and efficacy of different formulations of novel bioxygenating hydrogel dressings (which deliver both iodine and oxygen into the wound) against various target organisms by means of an in vitro test system that more effectively mimics the conditions encountered when dressings are in contact with wounds.200616869198
inflammation, heat shock proteins and periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis: an immunohistologic study.inflammation is a significant component of atherosclerosis lesions. bacteria, including periodontopathogens, have been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques and cross-reactivity of the immune response to bacterial groel with human heat shock protein 60 has been suggested as a link between infections and atherosclerosis.200616842503
effectiveness of ultrasonic instruments in the therapy of severe periodontitis: a comparative clinical-microbiological assessment with curettes.patients with deep periodontal pockets were treated with either vector system (tg) or manual instruments (cg). clinical assessments by supragingival plaque (pl+), gingival index (gi), bleeding on probing (bop), probing depth (pd), clinical attachment level (cal) and subgingival plaque collection for microbiological analysis were made prior to and after treatment. multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the presence of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, campylobacter rectus, ...200616841550
evaluation of 4 swab transport systems for the recovery of atcc and clinical strains with characterized resistance mechanisms.despite limitations of swab transport systems (sts), many clinical samples and bacterial isolates are sent on these devices. we evaluated the performance of 4 commercial sts: m40 transystem (s1, copan italia, bovezzo, italy), uni-ter (s2, meus, piove di sacco, italy), euromed (s3, lab service, surbo, italy), and eurotubo (s4, deltalab, rubí, spain). survival of atcc and clinical strains with characterized resistance mechanisms, stored at room temperature and using the roll-plate method (nccls m4 ...200616822635
antimicrobial barrier of an in vitro oral epithelial model.oral epithelia function as a microbial barrier and are actively involved in recognizing and responding to bacteria. our goal was to examine a tissue engineered model of buccal epithelium for its response to oral bacteria and proinflammatory cytokines and compare the tissue responses with those of a submerged monolayer cell culture.200616815238
antimicrobial actions of benzimidazoles against the oral anaerobes fusobacterium nucleatum and prevotella intermedia.benzimidazoles are widely used as proton-pump inhibitors to control stomach hyperacidity and have been found also to have antimicrobial actions against helicobacter pylori and oral streptococci. our primary aim was to determine if they are active also against oral anaerobes associated with gingivitis. our major focus was on catabolism because it leads to production of inflammatory metabolites such as butyrate and ammonia. the benzimidazoles are effective in the protonated form at acid ph values ...200616806047
state-dependent conformations of the translocation pathway in the tyrosine transporter tyt1, a novel neurotransmitter:sodium symporter from fusobacterium nucleatum.the gene of a novel prokaryotic member (tyt1) of the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter (nss) family has been cloned from fusobacterium nucleatum. in contrast to eukaryotic and some prokaryotic nsss, which contain 12 transmembrane domains (tms), tyt1 contains only 11 tms, a characteristic shared by approximately 70% of prokaryotic nss homologues. nonetheless upon heterologous expression in an engineered escherichia coli host, tyt1 catalyzes robust na+-dependent, highly selective l-tyrosine transp ...200616798738
characterization of proteolytic activities of fusobacterium nucleatum.this investigation attempted to detect the proteolytic activity of fusobacterium nucleatum in living cells, lysate cells, and supernatant of cultures. the reactions were optimized in their ph, temperature, reaction time, enzyme source, and substrate volume. synthetic substrates beta-naphthylamides (cys-na, ser-na, leu-na, glu-na, lys-na and bana), carbobenzoxy l-tirosine p-nitrophenylester (ctn), and natural substrate azoalbumin were used. reaction occurred with cys-na, ser-na, and glu-na in liv ...200616728241
the association of anaerobic bacteria with infectious mononucleosis.this review summarizes the information that supports the potential importance of anaerobic bacteria in the pharyngo-tonsillitis (pt) associated with infectious mononucleosis (im). evidence supportive of the potential of involvement of bacteria in im was provided by several studies that showed increased recovery of bacteria on the tonsillar surfaces in im. several studies demonstrated that metronidazole therapy alleviated the clinical symptoms of tonsillar hypertrophy and shortened the duration o ...200516701590
anaerobes in the upper respiratory tract in infancy.development of the indigenous microbiota begins on the surfaces of the human body after birth when infants are exposed to continuous person-to-person and environmental contacts with microbes. anaerobes constitute a significant part of indigenous bacterial communities at different body sites. pioneering anaerobic commensals are able to colonize and survive in the oral cavity during the first months of life. after teeth emerge, more attachment sites and potential niches are available for anaerobic ...200516701543
anaerobic microbiology in 198 cases of pleural empyema: a bulgarian study.the aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of anaerobic bacteria in 198 patients with pleural empyema and the susceptibility of isolates to eight antibacterial agents. isolates were identified by the crystal anaerobes identification system, api system rapid id 32 a and/or routine methods. susceptibility was tested by sceptor mic system for anaerobic bacteria and limited agar dilution method. anaerobic bacteria were found in 74.2% of the patients and included 247 strains within 21 genera. ...200416701526
genetic diversity of oral fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from patients with different clinical conditions.the genetic diversity of 23 oral fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from 15 periodontal patients, eight from seven healthy subjects, nine from nine aids patients and two from two cebus apella monkeys were analyzed. ecori restricted the bacterial dna and 28 ribotypes grouped from a to j groups were obtained. isolates formed 24 ribotypes which were contained into a, b, c, d, e and f groups, and three reference strains and two clinical isolates of a. actinomycetemcomitans, and e. coli cdc formed four ...200616699623
selective inhibition of porphyromonas gingivalis growth by a factor xa inhibitor, dx-9065a.porphyromonas gingivalis is a causative bacterium of adult periodontitis. however, there is no drug specific for p. gingivalis and for its virulence factor.200616677284
prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria on the tongue dorsum of elderly people.the aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of oral bacteria on the dorsum of the tongue. in addition, the relationship between the number of teeth and the microflora present on the coating of the tongue in a population of 85-year-old people was assessed.200616677187
antimicrobial effect in vitro of chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide impregnated gutta-percha points.the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of points containing antiseptics used for temporary obturation in endodontics. points containing calcium hydroxide (roeko and hygienic), and chlorhexidine (roeko) were tested and gutta-percha points served as control (meta dental corp.). the following microorganisms were studied: streptococcus mutans (sm), enterococcus faecalis (ef), staphylococcus aureus (sta), candida albicans (ca), fusobacterium nucleatum (fn) atcc 25586, porphy ...200516673792
a model of spontaneous periodontitis in the miniature goat.the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease have been extensively studied through the use of animal models. however, no animal model has yet been established that is precisely similar to periodontitis in humans. in the present study, we examined the use of shiba goats as a model for spontaneous periodontitis.200616671878
supragingival plaque may modify the effects of subgingival bacteria on attachment loss.bacterial interactions in response to local and systemic factors may explain important features of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. this study evaluates the role of supragingival plaque level on the relationship between subgingival microorganisms and the risk of attachment loss.200616671872
sodium ion pumps and hydrogen production in glutamate fermenting anaerobic bacteria.anaerobic bacteria ferment glutamate via two different pathways to ammonia, carbon dioxide, acetate, butyrate and molecular hydrogen. the coenzyme b12-dependent pathway in clostridium tetanomorphum via 3-methylaspartate involves pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and a novel enzyme, a membrane-bound nadh:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. the flavin- and iron-sulfur-containing enzyme probably uses the energy difference between reduced ferredoxin and nadh to generate an electrochemical na+ gradient, whic ...200516645308
response of human macrophage-like cells to stimulation by fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. nucleatum lipopolysaccharide.monocytes/macrophages are key members of the innate immune system and are present in higher numbers in active periodontal lesions than in inactive sites. the aim of this study was to characterize the response of human monocyte u937 cells, differentiated into adherent macrophages by treatment with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate, to stimulation by fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. nucleatum lipopolysaccharide. attachment of (3)h-lipopolysaccharide to macrophage-like cells was partially inhibited by an ...200616626377
inhibitory effects of macrocarpals on the biological activity of porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathic bacteria.macrocarpals, which are phloroglucinol derivatives contained in eucalyptus leaves, exhibit antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria including oral bacteria. this study examined effects of macrocarpals a, b, and c on periodontopathic bacteria, especially porphyromonas gingivalis.200616626372
analysis of the antibacterial activity and plaque control benefit of colgate total dentifrice via clinical evaluation and real-time polymerase chain reaction.this study analyzed, from a combined clinical and molecular biologic perspective, the antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of colgate total dentifrice (ctd).200516583596
[lemierre syndrome variant: hepatic abscesses and hepatic venous thrombosis due to fusobacterium nucleatum septicemia].like fusobacterium necrophorum, fusobacterium nucleatum is capable causing lemierre's syndrome. various locations of venous thrombosis have been described associated with fusobacterium sp. septicemia.200616516355
effects of streptococcus mutans gtfc deficiency on mixed oral biofilms in vitro.the aim of this study was to examine the influence of glucosyltransferase-gene-negative (gtf-) streptococcus mutans strains unable to synthesize water-insoluble or soluble glucan on the structure and macromolecular diffusion properties of in vitro grown mixed oral biofilms. biofilms modeling supragingival plaque consisted of actinomyces naeslundii omz 745, candida albicans omz 110, fusobacterium nucleatum kp-f2, streptococcus oralis sk 248, veillonella dispar atcc 17748t and one of the s. mutans ...200616508276
the microbiological origin of fluorescence observed in plaque on dentures during qlf analysis.the aim of this study was to determine the microbiological origin of plaque fluorescence observed during quantitative light-induced fluorescence (qlf) analysis. plaque was sampled from dentures, because of easy accessibility and the homogeneous background provided by the denture tooth during imaging, and the acknowledged comparability to occlusal plaque. forty removable poly(methyl methacrylate) dentures were screened for the presence of fluorescent plaque deposits during qlf analysis. dentures ...200616508267
pyogenic infections of the central nervous system secondary to dental affections--a report of six cases.pyogenic infections of the central nervous system of dental origin are quite uncommon in industrialized countries. we report six cases with intracerebral (n = 4) and intraspinal (n = 2) infections treated in our hospital. the microbial pathogen was successfully isolated in all patients. fusobacterium nucleatum as well as streptococcus species were found in three cases. bacillus species were identified in two patients. actinomyces was the etiologic agent in one case. all patients suffered from de ...200616501929
coaggregation of porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum pk 1594 is mediated by capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide.previous reports have shown that coaggregation between porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum, two important periodontopathogens, is mediated by a galactoside on the surface of p. gingivalis and a lectin on f. nucleatum. in the present study, purified capsular polysaccharide (cps) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) of p. gingivalis pk 1924 (serotype k5) were found to be able to bind to f. nucleatum cells and to inhibit binding of f. nucleatum to p. gingivalis serotype k5. sugar binding s ...200616499621
anti-inflammatory activity of a high-molecular-weight cranberry fraction on macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathogens.periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting oral tissues. the continuous, high production of cytokines by host cells triggered by periodontopathogens is thought to be responsible for the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. macrophages play a critical role in this host inflammatory response to periodontopathogens. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of non-dialyzable material prepared from cranberry juice concentrate on the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of ...200616498070
the efficacy of povidone-iodine products against periodontopathic bacteria.a total of 8 strains of 6 bacterial species, porphyromonas gingivalis atcc33277 and tdc286, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans atcc29523 and jp2, fusobacterium nucleatum no. 2, tannerella forsythensis atcc43937, prevotella intermedia atcc25611 and streptococcus anginosus atcc33397, were treated with povidone-iodine (pvp-i) gargle (pvp-i: 0.47 and 0.23% w/v) or chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) gargle (chg: 0.002% w/v) for 15, 30 or 60 s, after which they were inoculated into various media, culture ...200616490986
inhibitory effect of weissella cibaria isolates on the production of volatile sulphur compounds.the objective of this study was to characterize the inhibitory effects of weissella cibaria isolates on volatile sulphur compounds (vsc) production both in vitro and in vivo.200616489950
a sonographic short cervix as the only clinical manifestation of intra-amniotic infection.a sonographically short cervix is a powerful predictor of spontaneous preterm delivery. however, the etiology and optimal management of a patient with a short cervix in the mid-trimester of pregnancy remain uncertain. microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (miac) and intra-amniotic inflammation are frequently present in patients with spontaneous preterm labor or acute cervical insufficiency. this study was conducted to determine the rate of miac and intra-amniotic inflammation in patients wit ...200616489881
molecular analysis of bacteria in asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections.the purpose of the present study was to use terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the 16s rrna gene clone library to investigate the diversity of the microbiota associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections and to compare the bacterial community structure in these two clinical conditions. samples were taken from asymptomatic endodontic infections associated with chronic periradicular lesions and from symptomatic infections clinically diagnosed as acu ...200616476021
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