Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| esterase activities in butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains. | thirty strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens isolated in diverse geographical locations were examined for esterase activity by using naphthyl esters of acetate, butyrate, caprylate, laurate, and palmitate. all strains possessed some esterase activity, and high levels of activity were observed with strains 49, h17c, s2, actf2, and lm8/1b. esterase activity also was detected in other ruminal bacteria (bacteroides ruminicola, selenomonas ruminantium, ruminobacter amylophilus, and streptococcus bovis ... | 1988 | 3178205 |
| synergism of rumen microbial hydrolases during degradation of plant polymers. | in isolated mixture of exocellular enzymes of rumen bacteria ruminococcus flavefaciens, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and rumen fungus neocallimastix frontalis, specific activities of cellulases, hemicellulases and glycosidases were determined. the highest specific activities were shown mostly for proteins of n. frontalis. | 1988 | 3397009 |
| enumeration and isolation of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria from human feces. | the fibrolytic microbiota of the human large intestine was examined to determine the numbers and types of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria present. fecal samples from each of five individuals contained bacteria capable of degrading the hydrated cellulose in spinach and in wheat straw pretreated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (ahp-ws), whereas degradation of the relatively crystalline cellulose in whatman no. 1 filter paper (pmc) was detected for only one of the five samples. the mean ... | 1988 | 3415224 |
| isolation and characterization of xylan-degrading strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens from a napier grass-fed anaerobic digester. | six new xylanolytic bacterial strains have been isolated from a napier grass-fed anaerobic digester. these strains were identified as butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and were similar in many respects to ruminal isolates described previously. the new isolates exhibited a high degree of dna homology with several ruminal strains of b. fibrisolvens. xylan or xylose was required to induce the production of enzymes for xylan degradation, xylanase and xylosidase. production of these enzymes was repressed in ... | 1988 | 16347622 |
| identification of the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens xylosidase gene (xylb) coding region and its expression in escherichia coli. | the gene encoding the principal butyrivibrio fibrisolvens xylosidase (xylb) has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli under the control of the lac promoter. the coding region for this gene was localized within a 3.2-kilobase b. fibrisolvens dna fragment in puc18. a new protein band was observed in recombinant e. coli containing xylb. this protein (approximately 60,000 molecular weight) was presumed to be the xylosidase monomer. the optimal ph (5.5) and substrate range for the recombinant ... | 1989 | 2497707 |
| inducible bacteriophages from ruminal bacteria. | the incidence of temperate bacteriophage in a wide range of ruminal bacteria was investigated by means of induction with mitomycin c. supernatant liquid from treated cultures was examined for phagelike particles by using transmission electron microscopy. of 38 ruminal bacteria studied, nine organisms (23.7%) representing five genera (eubacteria, bacteroides, butyrivibrio, ruminococcus, and streptococcus) produced phagelike particles. filamentous particles from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens are the f ... | 1989 | 2504111 |
| cloning and sequencing of an endoglucanase (end1) gene from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2.8 kb dna segment containing an endoglucanase gene (end1) from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was determined. the b. fibrisolvens h17c gene was expressed from its own regulatory region in escherichia coli and three putative consensus promoter sequences were identified upstream of a ribosome binding site and an atg start codon. the complete amino acid sequence (547 residues) was deduced and homology with the clostridium thermocellum cele gene product (ege) was demons ... | 1989 | 2615759 |
| occurrence of 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid in feeds, ruminal bacteria and duodenal digesta from defaunated sheep. | a quantitative method of analysis for 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (aep) was developed using reverse-phase hplc. the detection limit for aep was 15 nm, and the detector response (peak area) was linear from aep levels up to 100 microm (r = .99). mean recovery of aep added to strained ruminal fluid from faunated sheep was 98.2%. when aep was added to a fermentation mixture at a concentration of 22.6 micrograms/ml, 78% disappeared during a 24-h incubation. 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid was readily det ... | 1989 | 2715111 |
| the characterization and ultrastructure of two new strains of butyrivibrio. | strains b-385-1 and 2-33 are numerically important components rumen bacterial populations , but they have remained (taxonomically) undefined. in spite of some resemblance to selenomonas ruminantium in their cell size and in their formation of tufts of flagella, they more closely resemble butyrivibrio fibrisolvens in the subpolar location of their flagella, in their guanine + cytosine content, and in most biochemical characteristics, including butyrate formation. cells of these strains stain gram ... | 1989 | 2743214 |
| ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa from bison, cattle-bison hybrids, and cattle fed three alfalfa-corn diets. | ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa fiber fractions were compared among bison, bison hybrids, and crossbed cattle (five each) when they were fed alfalfa and corn in a ratio of 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50, respectively. the total number of viable bacteria (2.16 x 10(9) to 5.44 x 10(9)/ml of ruminal fluid) and the number of cellulolytic bacteria (3.74 x 10(7) to 10.9 x 10(7)/ml) were not different among groups of animals fed each diet. the genera of protozo ... | 1989 | 2705767 |
| antigenic nature of the chloride-stimulated cellobiosidase and other cellulases of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 and related fresh isolates. | polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to the cl-stimulated cellobiosidase of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 reacted with numerous proteins of both higher and lower molecular weights from f. succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85, but not with escherichia coli proteins, and only one protein each from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and ruminococcus albus. different profiles were observed for western blots (immunoblots) of peptide digests of both the purified enzyme from f. succinogenes a ... | 1990 | 1692677 |
| mechanism of gram variability in select bacteria. | gram stains were performed on strains of actinomyces bovis, actinomyces viscosus, arthrobacter globiformis, bacillus brevis, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, clostridium tetani, clostridium thermosaccharolyticum, corynebacterium parvum, mycobacterium phlei, and propionibacterium acnes, using a modified gram regimen that allowed the staining process to be observed by electron microscopy (j. a. davies, g. k. anderson, t. j. beveridge, and h. c. clark, j. bacteriol. 156:837-845, 1983). furthermore, since ... | 1990 | 1689718 |
| sequencing and expression of a cellodextrinase (ced1) gene from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c cloned in escherichia coli. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2.314 kb dna segment containing a gene (ced1) expressing cellodextrinase activity from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was determined. the b. fibrisolvens h17c gene was expressed from a weak internal promoter in escherichia coli and a putative consensus promoter sequence was identified upstream of a ribosome binding site and a gtg start codon. the complete amino acid sequence (547 residues) was deduced and homology was demonstrated with the clostridium thermocellum en ... | 1990 | 2250655 |
| cloning, sequencing and analysis of expression of a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens gene encoding a beta-glucosidase. | the cloning, expression and nucleotide sequence of a 3.74 kb dna segment on pls215 containing a beta-glucosidase gene (bgla) from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was investigated. the b. fibrisolvens bgla open reading frame (orf) of 2490 bp encoded a beta-glucosidase of 830 amino acid residues with a calculated mr of 91,800. in escherichia coli c600(pls215) cells the beta-glucosidase was localized in the cytoplasm and these cells produced an additional protein with an apparent mr of approximately ... | 1990 | 2262790 |
| cloning and sequencing of the cela gene encoding endoglucanase a of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain a46. | genomic dna from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain a46 was digested with ecori and ligated into lambda gt11. two recombinant phages isolated from the gene bank hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose and were shown to contain the same 2.3 kb ecori restriction fragment, which was cloned into puc12 to generate pba46. escherichia coli jm83 harbouring pba46 expressed an endoglucanase (ega) which hydrolysed a range of other substrates including barley beta-glucan, avicel, filter paper and p-nitrophenyl beta ... | 1990 | 2269875 |
| physiology and genetics of xylan degradation by gastrointestinal tract bacteria. | hemicelluloses or xylans are major components (35%) of plant materials. for ruminant animals, about 50% of the dietary xylans are degraded, but only small amounts of xylans are degraded in the lower gut of nonruminant animals and humans. in the rumen, the major xylanolytic species are butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and bacteroides ruminicola. in the human colon, bacteroides ovatus and bacteroides fragilis subspecies "a" are major xylanolytic bacteria. xylans are chemically complex, and their degradat ... | 1990 | 2283426 |
| preservation of ruminal bacterium capsules by using lysine in the electron microscopy fixative. | ruminal bacteria from axenic cultures of ruminococcus flavefaciens fd1, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, and bacterial types from the ruminal ecosystem that were fixed with 50 mm lysine (l-lysine hydrochloride) added to glutaraldehyde had better-preserved capsules and extracellular material than bacteria fixed without lysine. | 1990 | 2125818 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ruminococcus albus sy3 endoglucanase genes cela and celb. | the complete nucleotide sequences of ruminococcus albus genes cela and celb coding for endoglucanase a (ega) and endoglucanase b (egb), respectively, have been determined. the cela structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 1095 bp. confirmation of the nucleotide sequence was obtained by comparing the predicted amino acid sequence with that derived by n-terminal analysis of purified ega. the celb structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 1227 bp; 7 bp upstream of the transla ... | 1990 | 2250649 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of a xylanase gene from the anaerobic ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | a gene coding for xylanase activity, xyna, from the anaerobic ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49 was cloned into escherichia coli jm83 by using plasmid puc19. the gene was located on a 2.3-kilobase (kb) dna insert composed of two adjacent ecori fragments of 1.65 and 0.65 kb. expression of xylanase activity required parts of both ecori segments. in e. coli, the cloned xylanase enzyme was not secreted and remained cell associated. the enzyme exhibited no arabinosidase, cellulase, alpha ... | 1990 | 2198249 |
| azoreductase activity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human intestinal microflora. | a plate assay was developed for the detection of anaerobic bacteria that produce azoreductases. with this plate assay, 10 strains of anaerobic bacteria capable of reducing azo dyes were isolated from human feces and identified as eubacterium hadrum (2 strains), eubacterium spp. (2 species), clostridium clostridiiforme, a butyrivibrio sp., a bacteroides sp., clostridium paraputrificum, clostridium nexile, and a clostridium sp. the average rate of reduction of direct blue 15 dye (a dimethoxybenzid ... | 1990 | 2202258 |
| 4-o-(1-carboxyethyl)-l-rhamnose, a second unique acidic sugar found in an extracellular polysaccharide from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain 49. | butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain 49 excretes a polysaccharide that contains d-glucose, d-galactose, 4-o-(1-carboxyethyl)-d-galactose, and an acidic component of previously unknown structure. we report here the identity of the unknown as 4-o-(1-carboxyethyl)-l-rhamnose. the structure of this previously unknown compound was deduced from (1) comprehensive electron-impact and chemical-ionization mass-spectroscopic studies of differentially labelled derivatives prepared from the unknown, (2) 13c-n.m. ... | 1990 | 2363673 |
| digestion of barley, maize, and wheat by selected species of ruminal bacteria. | differences in the digestion of barley, maize, and wheat by three major ruminal starch-digesting bacterial species, streptococcus bovis 26, ruminobacter amylophilus 50, and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens a38, were characterized. the rate of starch digestion in all cereal species was greater for s. bovis 26 than for r. amylophilus 50 or b. fibrisolvens a38. starch digestion by s. bovis 26 was greater in wheat than in barley or maize, whereas starch digestion by r. amylophilus 50 was greater in barley ... | 1990 | 16348322 |
| the cellodextrinase from pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa consists of multiple functional domains. | a genomic library of pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa dna was constructed in puc18 and escherichia coli recombinants expressing 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-cellobioside-hydrolysing activity (mucase) were isolated. enzyme produced by mucase-positive clones did not hydrolyse either cellobiose or cellotriose but converted cellotetraose into cellobiose and cleaved cellopentaose and cellohexaose, producing a mixture of cellobiose and cellotriose. there was no activity against cm-cellulose, in ... | 1991 | 1953673 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence, and enzymatic characterization of an alpha-amylase from the ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c. | a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens amylase gene was cloned and expressed by using its own promoter on the recombinant plasmid pbamy100 in escherichia coli. the amylase gene consisted of an open reading frame of 2,931 bp encoding a protein of 976 amino acids with a calculated mr of 106,964. in e. coli(pbamy100), more than 86% of the active amylase was located in the periplasm, and tnphoa fusion experiments showed that the enzyme had a functional signal peptide. the b. fibrisolvens amylase is a calcium m ... | 1991 | 2061294 |
| the hydrolysis of lucerne cell-wall monosaccharide components by monocultures or pair combinations of defined ruminal bacteria. | the defined ruminal bacterial strains fibrobacter succinogenes s85, ruminococcus flavefaciens fd1, ruminococcus albus 7, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens d1, and bacteroides ruminicola ga33 were grown, in monocultures or as combinations of pair strains, on isolated lucerne cell-walls (cw) as the sole carbohydrate substrate. fibrobacter succinogenes s85 was the dominant strain determining extent of cw hydrolysis in all combinations with s85. the hydrolysis of cellulose, xylan, hemicellulose side-sugars, ... | 1991 | 2030098 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of a gene encoding a 73 kda xylanase enzyme from the rumen anaerobe butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c. | the cloning, expression and nucleotide sequence of a 3 kb dna segment on pls206 containing a xylanase gene (xynb) from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was investigated. the open reading frame (orf) of 1905 bp encoded a xylanase of 635 amino acid residues (mr 73156). at least 850 bp at the 3' end of the gene could be deleted without loss of xylanase activity. the deduced amino acid sequence was confirmed by purifying the enzyme and subjecting it to n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. in esche ... | 1991 | 1909424 |
| characterization of the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens glgb gene, which encodes a glycogen-branching enzyme with starch-clearing activity. | a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c glgb gene, was isolated by direct selection for colonies that produced clearing on starch azure plates. the gene was expressed in escherichia coli from its own promoter. the glgb gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1,920 bp encoding a protein of 639 amino acids (calculated mr, 73,875) with 46 to 50% sequence homology with other branching enzymes. a limited region of 12 amino acids showed sequence similarity to amylases and glucanotransferases. the b. fibri ... | 1991 | 1938880 |
| sequencing and expression of the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens xylb gene encoding a novel bifunctional protein with beta-d-xylosidase and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase activities. | a single gene (xylb) encoding both beta-d-xylosidase (ec 3.2.1.37) and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (ec 3.2.1.55) activities was identified and sequenced from the ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. the xylb gene consists of a 1.551-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 517 amino acids. a subclone containing a 1.843-bp dna fragment retained both enzymatic activities. insertion of a 10-bp noti linker into the ecorv site within the central region of this orf abolished both activities. sodiu ... | 1991 | 1905520 |
| some chemical and physical properties of extracellular polysaccharides produced by butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains. | most strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens are known to produce extracellular polysaccharides (eps). however, the rheological and functional properties of these eps have not been determined. initially, 26 strains of butyrivibrio were screened for ep yield and apparent viscosities of cell-free supernatants. yields ranged from less than 1.0 to 16.3 mg per 100 mg of glucose added to the culture. viscosities ranged from 0.71 to 5.44 mpa.s. five strains (cf2d, cf3, cf3a, ce51, and h10b) were chosen fo ... | 1991 | 1892390 |
| an analysis of the extracellular xylanases and cellulases of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c. | the extracellular xylanase and cellulase components of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c were investigated. two major peaks of enzyme activity were eluted by hydroxylapatite chromatography and designated complex a (ca), having cellulase activity, and complex b (cb) having predominantly xylanase activity but with some activity on carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc). cb was further purified on a de-52 column and subjected to gel filtration. the xylanase and cmcase activities eluted in a single peak with an ... | 1991 | 1778443 |
| a survey of peptidase activity in rumen bacteria. | twenty-nine strains of 14 species of rumen bacteria were screened for their ability to hydrolyse ala2, ala5, glyarg-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (glyarg-mna) and leu-mna. several species, notably megasphaera elsdenii, were active against ala2, and a smaller number, including bacteroides ruminicola, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, ruminococcus flavefaciens, lachnospira multipara and ruminobacter amylophilus, broke down ala5. streptococcus bovis had an exceptionally high leucine arylamidase activity. howe ... | 1991 | 1748877 |
| conjugal transfer of tn916, tn916 delta e, and pam beta 1 from enterococcus faecalis to butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains. | anaerobic filter matings of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c, cf3, d1, or gs113, representing different dna relatedness groups, were done with enterococcus faecalis cg110, which contains chromosomally inserted tn916. tetracycline-resistant transconjugants were obtained with each mating pair at average frequencies of 4.4 x 10(-6) (per recipient) and 5.2 x 10(-6) (per donor). the transfer frequencies of tn916 into b. fibrisolvens varied 5- to 10-fold with mating time, strain, and growth stage. by us ... | 1991 | 1662939 |
| introduction of tn916 and pam beta 1 into streptococcus bovis jb1 by conjugation. | the transposon tn916 and self-mobilizing plasmid pam beta 1 were conjugated from enterococcus faecalis to the ruminal bacterium streptococcus bovis jb1. transconjugants were identified by resistance to tetracycline (tn916) or erythromycin (pam beta 1) and by southern hybridization analyses. transfer frequencies were 7.0 x 10(-6) and 1.0 x 10(-6) per recipient cell for tn916 and pam beta 1, respectively. the transconjugants jb1/tn916 and jb1/pam beta 1 were used as donors for matings with e. faec ... | 1991 | 1662940 |
| dap-decarboxylase activity and lysine production by rumen bacteria. | the last step of pathway of lysine biosynthesis by rumen bacteria was tested. the first measurements of dap-decarboxylase activity and of lysine production by megasphera elsdenii, selenomonas ruminantium, clostridium spp., butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and bacteroides succinogenes as well as the first attempts to increase the lysine production by ruminal streptococci by mutation are described. the highest values were measured in selenomonas ruminantium (dap-decarboxylase activity = 146 micrograms da ... | 1992 | 1295484 |
| phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterization of acidaminococcus fermentans. | the phylogenetic position of acidaminococcus fermentans was determined by comparative sequence analysis of the 16s rrna. this gram-negative bacterium is a member of the sporomusa cluster that is defined by other gram-negative bacteria, i.e. sporomusa, megasphaera, selenomonas, butyrivibrio, pectinatus, and zymophilus. the branching point of this group within the radiation of gram-positive bacteria of the clostridium/bacillus subphylum and adjacent to peptococcus niger could be confirmed. chemota ... | 1992 | 1385264 |
| interaction of ruminal bacteria in the production and utilization of maltooligosaccharides from starch. | the degradation and utilization of starch by three amylolytic and one nonamylolytic species of ruminal bacteria were studied. pure cultures of streptococcus bovis jb1, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, and bacteroides ruminicola d31d rapidly hydrolyzed starch and maltooligosaccharides accumulated. the major starch hydrolytic products detected in s. bovis cultures were glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose. in addition to these oligosaccharides, b. fibrisolvens cultures produced maltopenta ... | 1992 | 1539992 |
| cloning and expression of an amylase gene from streptococcus bovis in escherichia coli. | an amylase gene was identified in a streptococcus bovis 033 lambda gtwes lambda b genomic library. using a starch overlay and a congo red-iodine staining procedure, amylase positive clones could be identified by zones of clearing. ten amylase positive clones were identified using this procedure. the clone chosen for further study, lambda sba105, contained an insert of approximately 7.5 kb. the insert was mapped, and subcloning localized the amylase gene to a region of approximately 3.1 kb. cloni ... | 1992 | 1380794 |
| the gene encoding the cellulase (avicelase) cel1 from streptomyces reticuli and analysis of protein domains. | streptomyces reticuli produces an unusual cellulase (avicelase), with an apparent molecular weight of 82 kda, which is solely sufficient to degrade crystalline cellulose. during cultivation the processing of the avicelase to a truncated enzyme (42 kda) and an inactive protein (40 kda) correlated with the occurrence of an extracellular protease. after its purification this 36 kda protease cleaved the s. reticuli avicelase in vitro in the same manner. using antibodies raised against the avicelase ... | 1992 | 1282194 |
| purification and characterization of an alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens gs113. | an alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (ec 3.2.1.55) was purified from the cytoplasm of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens gs113. the native enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 240 kda and was composed of eight polypeptide subunits of 31 kda. the enzyme displayed an isoelectric point of 6.0, a ph optimum of 6.0 to 6.5, a ph stability of 4.0 to 8.0, and a temperature optimum of 45 degrees c and was stable to 55 degrees c. the k(m) and v(max) for p-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-arabinofuranoside were 0.7 mm and 109 mum ... | 1992 | 16348679 |
| anaerobic production of extracellular polysaccharide by butyrivibrio fibrisolvens nyx. | anaerobic production of extracellular polysaccharide (ep) was examined, using a previously uncharacterized, obligately anaerobic rumen isolate, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens nyx, which produced an ep that was rheologically similar to xanthan gum. the main objectives were to determine the nutritional requirements and conditions which promoted ep production by strain nyx. strain nyx was grown anaerobically in defined and semidefined media. in addition to carbohydrate and nitrogen sources, strain nyx r ... | 1992 | 16348636 |
| interactions between proteolytic and cellulolytic rumen bacteria during hydrolysis of plant cell wall protein. | during the degradation of the plant cell wall protein of dried alfalfa, interactions may occur between hydrolytic activities of cellulolytic (ruminococcus albus or fibrobacter succinogenes) and proteolytic (prevotella ruminicola or butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) bacteria. in vitro the hydrolysis of these protein compounds begins after the depolymerization of the cell wall polysaccharides has started. maximal degradation of cell wall protein of dried alfalfa (37.2%) was obtained with cocultures of pr ... | 1993 | 8216756 |
| digestion of cell-wall monosaccharides of ryegrass and alfalfa hays by the ruminal bacteria fibrobacter succinogenes and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | the ruminal bacteria fibrobacter succinogenes strains s85 and bl2 were grown in monocultures or in coculture with strain d1 of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and the solubilization of ryegrass and alfalfa cell walls (cw) and digestion of cw monosaccharides were measured. fibrobacter succinogenes monocultures and cocultures with b. fibrisolvens d1 degraded 58-69% of ryegrass cw, solubilizing 67-78% of cw glucose, 65-71% of cw xylose, 69-75% of hemicellulose, and 68-77% of total cw monosaccharides. wh ... | 1993 | 8221378 |
| characterization of the cell wall of butyrivibrio species. | most butyrivibrio strains have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and have been classified as butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. a few strains isolated from human feces are designated as butyrivibrio crossatus, the other species in this genus. butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains are anaerobic, curved rods that produce butyrate, but numerous studies have shown that these strains display considerable variations in phenotypic properties and heterogeneity in dna relatedness. although ove ... | 1993 | 8261331 |
| xylose and arabinose utilization by the rumen bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | the rumen bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain d1 co-utilized xylose and glucose in batch culture, but there was a marked preference for glucose over arabinose. when both pentoses were provided, xylose was preferred over arabinose. strain d1 co-utilized a combination of either pentose and cellobiose, but preferred over maltose. pentose sugars were depleted less rapidly in the presence of sucrose than controls containing only pentose. in contrast, b. fibrisolvens strain a38 exhibited a stro ... | 1993 | 8270194 |
| utilization of xylooligosaccharides by selected ruminal bacteria. | the ability of ruminal bacteria to utilize xylooligosaccharides was examined. xylooligosaccharides were prepared by partially hydrolyzing oat spelt xylan in phosphoric acid. this substrate solution was added (0.2%, wt/vol) to a complex medium containing yeast extract and trypticase that was inoculated with individual species of ruminal bacteria, and growth and utilization were monitored over time. all of the xylanolytic bacteria examined were able to utilize this oligosaccharide mixture as a gro ... | 1993 | 8285663 |
| transcriptional regulation of an endoglucanase and a cellodextrinase gene in ruminococcus flavefaciens fd-1. | a gene which encodes a 35 kda protein with both carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activity was cloned from ruminococcus flavefaciens fd-1 and the nucleotide sequence determined. the fd-1 gene, cele, and the cela gene, which encodes a cellodextrinase, were used as probes to analyse transcription in r. flavefaciens grown under different conditions. transcription of both genes was induced when cellulose was added to cells growing in cellobiose. this induction continued after cellulose depletion a ... | 1993 | 8360615 |
| structural studies of the extracellular polysaccharide from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain x6c61. | the capsular polysaccharide from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain x6c61 has been investigated using nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and partial acid hydrolysis as the main methods. the polysaccharide is composed of hexasaccharide repeating units having the following structure. [formula: see text] the polysaccharide also contains o-acetyl groups, of which approximately 70% are substituted to o-3 of the beta-d-glc pa residue. | 1993 | 8370042 |
| simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of both the cleavage pattern and the stereochemical outcome of the hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by various glycosidases. | a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of both the stereochemical outcome and the cleavage pattern of enzymatic action on unmodified sugar substrates is described. three different enzymes were investigated by this method. human pancreatic alpha-amylase hydrolyzed maltopentaose with retention of anomeric configuration, with the cleavage position being two glucose units from the reducing end. cellulomonas fimi endoglucanase d hydrolyzed cellopentaose wi ... | 1993 | 8368500 |
| development of a dna probe for streptococcus bovis by using a cloned amylase gene. | streptococcus bovis is a normal inhabitant of the rumen but has been implicated as a causative agent for ruminal lactic acidosis and related problems. while rarely isolated from humans, s. bovis has been identified as a causative agent for endocarditis, meningitis, and septicemia. recent reports have also suggested a correlation between human colonic carcinoma and increased levels of s. bovis. identification of s. bovis strains of human origin has been problematic because of variations in result ... | 1993 | 7691873 |
| p-coumaroyl and feruloyl arabinoxylans from plant cell walls as substrates for ruminal bacteria. | growth of the ruminal bacteria ruminococcus flavefaciens fd1, selenomonas ruminantium hd4, and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49 was limited by ester-linked feruloyl and p-coumaroyl groups. the limitation of growth on phenolic acid-carbohydrate complexes varied with individual bacteria and appeared to be influenced by ability to hydrolyze carbohydrate linkages. | 1993 | 8434931 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of a small cryptic plasmid from a rumen bacterium of the genus butyrivibrio. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a plasmid, designated prjf1, isolated from a rumen bacterium of the genus butyrivibrio, has been determined. prjf1 is a small plasmid (2631 bp) which shows the high at content (64%) typical of plasmids from gram-positive organisms. computer analysis of sequence data revealed two major open reading frames encoded on the same strand but in different frames. the smaller, orf1 (435 bp), is preceded by shine dalgarno (sd) and escherichia coli-10, -35 sequences and ... | 1993 | 8441770 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens gene encoding a type iii glutamine synthetase. | a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens glna gene encoding glutamine synthetase (gs) was cloned on a recombinant plasmid pgs4 which enabled escherichia coli glna deletion mutants to utilize (nh4)2so4 as a sole source of nitrogen. the nucleotide sequence of a 2423 bp dna segment containing the gs-coding region of b. fibrisolvens was determined and the complete amino acid sequence (701 residues) was deduced. comparisons of the derived b. fibrisolvens gs protein sequence with the amino acid sequences of gs fro ... | 1993 | 8103789 |
| analyses of the gene and amino acid sequence of the prevotella (bacteroides) ruminicola 23 xylanase reveals unexpected homology with endoglucanases from other genera of bacteria. | the dna sequence for the xylanase gene from prevotella (bacteroides) ruminicola 23 was determined. the xylanase gene encoded for a protein with a molecular weight of 65,740. an apparent leader sequence of 22 amino acids was observed. the promoter region for expression of the xylanase gene in bacteroides species was identified with a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. a region of high amino acid homology was found with the proposed catalytic domain of endoglucanases from several ... | 1993 | 7763664 |
| detoxification of the plant toxin fluoroacetate by a genetically modified rumen bacterium. | we isolated the fluoroacetate dehalogenase gene (h1), from moraxella species strain b, and placed it under the transcriptional control of a 154 bp fragment of the erm gene promoter. the promoter/gene construct was attached to the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens shuttle vector pbherm, and the resulting dehalogenase expression plasmid (pbhf) was transferred to b. fibrisolvens ob156 by electroporation. the erm gene promoter directed expression of dehalogenase activity in both e. coli and b. fibrisolvens ... | 1994 | 7765567 |
| response to various amounts of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal metabolism in cattle. | the objective of this study was to determine whether aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract stimulated or inhibited ruminal fermentation when fed at higher than recommended doses (3 g/d). four dietary treatments of a. oryzae fermentation extract were fed daily to six cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. for each of four periods, bromegrass hay (6% cp) with and without extract was fed for 28 d. dacron bags containing bromegrass cell walls were ruminally incubated to determine ruminal fiber degrada ... | 1994 | 7836596 |
| a conjugative transfer system for the rumen bacterium, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, based on tn916-mediated transfer of the staphylococcus aureus plasmid pub110. | a limitation of genetic studies of the rumen bacterium, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, has been the availability of suitable vectors and transfer systems. using the conjugative tetracycline resistant transposon, tn916, the staphylococcus aureus plasmid, pub110, and the pub110-based shuttle vector, publrs, a conjugative transfer system was developed for b. fibrisolvens. b fibrisolvens donor strains h17c2 and h17c12, containing tn916 and pub110 or publrs, respectively, were used in mating experiments ... | 1994 | 7899514 |
| a new type of glutamine synthetase in cyanobacteria: the protein encoded by the glnn gene supports nitrogen assimilation in synechocystis sp. strain pcc 6803. | a new glutamine synthetase gene, glnn, which encodes a polypeptide of 724 amino acid residues (m(r), 79,416), has been identified in the unicellular cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. strain pcc 6803; this is the second gene that encodes a glutamine synthetase (gs) in this cyanobacterium. the functionality of this gene was evidenced by its ability to complement an escherichia coli glna mutant and to support synechocystis growth in a strain whose glna gene was inactivated by insertional mutagenesis ... | 1994 | 7906687 |
| sequence similarities and evolutionary relationships of microbial, plant and animal alpha-amylases. | amino acid sequence comparison of 37 alpha-amylases from microbial, plant and animal sources was performed to identify their mutual sequence similarities in addition to the five already described conserved regions. these sequence regions were examined from structure/function and evolutionary perspectives. an unrooted evolutionary tree of alpha-amylases was constructed on a subset of 55 residues from the alignment of sequence similarities along with conserved regions. the most important new infor ... | 1994 | 7925367 |
| expression of the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene together with the erwinia pectate lyase and polygalacturonase genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae strains capable of simultaneous secretion of bacterial glucanase and pectinase enzymes have been developed. the butyrivibrio fibrrisolvens endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene (end1), the erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyase gene (pele) and e. carotovora polygalacturonase gene (peh1) were each inserted between a yeast expression-secretion cassette and yeast gene terminator, and cloned into yeast-centromeric shuttle vectors. transcription initiation signals present in t ... | 1994 | 7750141 |
| pentose transport by the ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | butyrivibrio fibrisolvens is a fibrolytic ruminal bacterium that degrades hemicellulose and ferments the resulting pentose sugars. washed cells of strain d1 accumulated radiolabelled xylose (km = 1.5 microm) and arabinose (km = 0.2 microm) when the organism was grown on xylose, arabinose, or glucose, but cultures grown on sucrose or cellobiose had little capacity to transport pentose. glucose and xylose inhibited transport of each other non-competitively. both sugars were utilized preferentially ... | 1994 | 7988863 |
| interactions between rumen bacterial strains during the degradation and utilization of the monosaccharides of barley straw cell-walls. | pure cultures and pair-combinations of strains representative of the rumen cellulolytic species ruminococcus flavefaciens, fibrobacter succinogenes and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were grown on cell-wall materials from barley straw. of the pure cultures, r. flavefaciens solubilized straw most rapidly. the presence of b. fibrisolvens, which was unable to degrade straw extensively in pure culture, increased the solubilization of dry matter by r. flavefaciens and the solubilization of cell-wall carbo ... | 1994 | 8157547 |
| features of the cellodextrinase gene from fibrobacter succinogenes s85. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2.3-kb dna fragment containing a cellodextrinase gene (ceda) from the ruminal anaerobe fibrobacter succinogenes s85 was determined. activity was expressed from this fragment when it was cloned in both orientations in pbluescript ks+ and sk-, indicating a functional f. succinogenes promoter in escherichia coli. promoter sequences (ttgaaca and aataa) were identified upstream of the atg initiation codon preceded by a putative ribosome binding site. the ceda open reading ... | 1994 | 8076254 |
| gene sequence and analysis of protein domains of egb, a novel family e endoglucanase from fibrobacter succinogenes s85. | the endoglucanase gene (endb) of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 encodes a protein of 555 amino acids (egb) with a m(r) of 62,500. egb shows homology with cellulases belonging to family e. residues involved in the catalytic activity of celd from clostridium thermocellum are also found in egb. structure predictions suggest that egb, like celd, comprises a large alpha-helical catalytic domain plus a beta-strand domain of unknown function located in the n-terminal part of the protein. construction of ... | 1994 | 7851752 |
| comparison of utilization of pectins from various sources by pure cultures of pectinolytic rumen bacteria and mixed cultures of rumen microorganisms. | utilization of citrus, lucerne, apple and sugar beet pulp pectins by pure strains of rumen bacteria, prevotella ruminicola, lachnospira multiparus and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was compared. additionally, the utilization of pectins by mixed rumen microorganisms was evaluated. the comparison was based on the depletion of galacturonic acid from medium, content of cellular protein in the cultures and the amount of end products of pectin fermentation in cell-free culture fluids. it was found that ci ... | 1994 | 7526615 |
| influence of yucca shidigera extract on ruminal ammonia concentrations and ruminal microorganisms. | an extract of the desert plant yucca shidigera was assessed for its possible benefit in ruminal fermentation. the extract bound ammonia in aqueous solution when concentrations of ammonia were low (up to 0.4 mm) and when the extract was added at a high concentration to the sample (20%, vol/vol). the apparent ammonia-binding capability was retained after autoclaving and was decreased slightly following dialysis. acid-precipitated extract was inactive. no evidence of substantial ammonia binding was ... | 1994 | 8031077 |
| effect of extracellular lactate on growth of rumen lactate producers. | the addition of na-lactate (50-150 mmol/l) to media with glucose had only marginal effect on the growth of rumen lactate-producing bacteria at ph between 6.5 and 5.8. butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was somewhat more sensitive to external lactate than streptococcus bovis, lactobacillus fermentum and selenomonas ruminantium. it can be concluded that rumen lactate producers, which proliferate at the onset of rumen lactic acidosis, are not influenced by the lactate accumulation, except some non-specific ... | 1994 | 7619002 |
| cyclic amp in ruminal and other anaerobic bacteria. | an examination of camp levels in predominant species of ruminal bacteria and other anaerobic bacteria was conducted. cellular camp concentrations of glucose-grown cultures of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, prevotella ruminicola d31d, selenomonas ruminantium hd4 and d, megasphaera elsdenii b159, streptococcus bovis jb1, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 5482, and clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824 were determined at various times during growth by a competitive binding radioimmunoassay procedure. the r ... | 1994 | 7851742 |
| utilization of glucose and xylose in ruminal strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | the dual-substrate utilization pattern in cultures of five ruminal strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens growing on glucose and xylose was investigated. strains atcc 19171 and 86 utilized glucose and xylose simultaneously. other strains exhibited diauxic growth. strains x1 and ce 51 exhibited classical diauxic growth in which glucose was utilized during the first phase. strain x2d62 displayed atypical diauxic growth in which slow utilization of xylose was followed by rapid utilization of glucose ... | 1994 | 16349201 |
| effects of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia scop.) condensed tannins on growth and proteolysis by four strains of ruminal bacteria. | sainfoin leaf condensed tannins inhibited growth and protease activity in butyrivibrio fibrisolvens a38 and streptococcus bovis 45s1 but had little effect on prevotella ruminicola b(1)4 or ruminobacter amylophilus wp225. tannins bound to cell coat polymers in all strains. morphological changes in b. fibrisolvens and s. bovis implicated the cell wall as a target of tannin toxicity. | 1994 | 16349244 |
| genetic analysis of the minimal replicon of plasmid pip417 and comparison with the other encoding 5-nitroimidazole resistance plasmids from bacteroides spp. | the nucleotide sequence of the dna replication origin region of a bacteroides vulgatus plasmid, pip417, encoding 5-nitroimidazole resistance has been determined. this region of 1934 bp presents some characteristics similar to those of other replication protein-dependent origins. it contains a large open reading frame which could encode a basic rep protein (repa) of 36.8 kda. upstream of this orf exist an at-rich region, three direct repeats (iterons) of 21 bp, multiple dnaa binding sites, and si ... | 1995 | 8559801 |
| rumen fermentation and metabolic profile in conventional and gnotobiotic lambs. | observations were carried out of actual acidity, volatile fatty acid (vfa) concentrations, enzyme activity in the rumen, total protein, urea, total lipid and glucose in the serum of conventional (cl) and gnotobiotic lambs (gl) in the period of milk nutrition. the inoculum of gnotobiotic lambs contained streptococcus bovis, prevoxella ruminicola, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and selenomonas ruminantium at a concentration of 1.10(6) each. throughout the observation period the ph of the rumen contents ... | 1995 | 8585797 |
| structural studies of the extracellular polysaccharide from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain 49. | the structure of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain 49 capsular polysaccharide has been investigated mainly by sugar and methylation analysis, partial chemical degradations, nmr spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. the results suggest that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units having the following structure. [formula: see text] the polysaccharide contains o-acetyl groups, one of which is substituted to o-3 of the 4-substituted alpha-d-galp residue, while others occur in ... | 1995 | 8536266 |
| a stable and efficient transformation system for butyrivibrio fibrisolvens ob156. | a 9.5-kb shuttle vector capable of replication and selection in both escherichia coli and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was constructed. plasmid puc118 provided replication functions and ampicillin resistance selection in e. coli. in b. fibrisolvens, replication was controlled by the native plasmid prjf1 from strain ob156, and selectability was provided by a 3.5-kb fragment of plasmid pam beta 1 containing the erythromycin resistance gene. optimum conditions for transformation were 15 kv/cm, 2 h rec ... | 1995 | 7765886 |
| isolation and characteristics of a wheatbran-degrading butyrivibrio from human faeces. | screening over 100 isolates from human faeces for cellulolytic activity led to the isolation of a weakly cellulolytic anaerobic, curved, motile bacterium which produced h2, lactate and butyrate from wheatbran. the mol% of g + c in the dna was 39-42. these properties, together with the gram-positive cell wall ultrastructure and sds-page profile, are consistent with the genus butyrivibrio. the isolate is believed to be the most active wheatbran-degrading bacterium so far described. | 1995 | 7766117 |
| a defined medium for rumen bacteria and identification of strains impaired in de novo biosynthesis of certain amino acids. | a completely defined growth medium has been developed to determine the nitrogen requirements for several species of ruminal bacteria, and has revealed two strains which are impaired in de novo biosynthesis of certain amino acids. using nh4cl as a sole nitrogen source, the medium supported growth of butyrivibrio, selenomonas, prevotella and streptococcus species. one strain of b. fibrisolvens (e14) and one strain of p. ruminicola (ga33) did not grow in the presence of nh4cl until the medium was s ... | 1995 | 7639995 |
| engineering gut flora of ruminant livestock to reduce forage toxicity: progress and problems. | the rumen bacterium butyrivibrio fibrosolvens has been genetically modified to detoxify fluoroacetate (a poisonous component of trees and shrubs in australia, africa and central america) and has been shown to persist when it is returned to the rumen. such bacteria may save animals from poisoning and, therefore, reduce economic losses for livestock industries in those countries. the ability to make genetic changes to rumen bacteria raises important questions about their practicality, and about th ... | 1995 | 7546565 |
| degradation and utilization by butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c of xylans with different chemical and physical properties. | hemicelluloses, mainly xylans, can be a major component of diets consumed by ruminants and undergo various degrees of microbial digestion in the rumen. the ability of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a major xylanolytic ruminal species, to degrade and utilize nine chemically and physically different xylans for growth was examined. the arabinoxylans used included two isolated from corncobs (ccx-a and ccx-b), a native xylan excreted by corn cell tissue cultures (cx), an oxalic acid-treated, arabinose-de ... | 1995 | 7487036 |
| degradation and utilization of xylan by the ruminal bacteria butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and selenomonas ruminantium. | the cross-feeding of xyland hydrolysis products between the xylanolytic bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c and the xylooligosaccharide-fermenting bacterium selenomonas ruminantium ga192 was investigated. cultures were grown anaerobically in complex medium containing oat spelt xylan, and the digestion of xylan and the generation and subsequent utilization of xylooligosaccharide intermediates were monitored over time. monocultures of b. fibrisolvens rapidly degraded oat spelt xylan, and a po ... | 1995 | 8534103 |
| identification of proteolytic rumen bacteria isolated from new zealand cattle. | the protease activities of 212 strains of rumen bacteria isolated from new zealand cattle grazing pasture were measured. thirty-seven per cent of strains had activity greater than or equal to the proteolytic rumen bacterium prevotella ruminicola and 43 of these isolates were identified by morphology, carbon source utilization, gram stain, biochemical tests and fermentation end-product analysis. hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the strains formed four clusters: cluster a contained 26 str ... | 1995 | 7665388 |
| partial purification and characterisation of bfi57i and bfi89i, restriction endonucleases from different strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | two class-ii restriction endonucleases (enases), bfi57i and bfi89i, were partially purified from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens ob157 and ob189, respectively. bfi57i (isoschizomer sau3ai) had the dna recognition/cleavage sequence 5'-/gatc-3'; it is not inhibited by dam methylation, but is partially inhibited by m.bamhi methylation. bfi89i (isoschizomer eaei) had the recognition/cleavage sequence 5'-y/ggccr-3'; unlike the eaei isoschizomer it is not fully inhibited by m.haeiii methylation. | 1995 | 7698657 |
| cloning, sequencing, and characterization of a membrane-associated prevotella ruminicola b(1)4 beta-glucosidase with cellodextrinase and cyanoglycosidase activities. | prevotella ruminicola b(1)4 is a gram-negative, anaerobic gastrointestinal bacterium. a 2.4-kbp chromosomal fragment from p. ruminicola encoding an 87-kda aryl-glucosidase (cdxa) with cellodextrinase activity was cloned into escherichia coli dh5 alpha and sequenced. cdxa activity was found predominantly in the membrane fraction of both p. ruminicola and e. coli, but p. ruminicola localized the protein extracellularly while e. coli did not. the hydrolase had the highest activity on cellodextrins ... | 1995 | 7592339 |
| fermentation of glucose and xylose in ruminal strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | metabolism of glucose and xylose and parameters of growth were investigated in strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens atcc 19171 and ce 51. in the strain atcc 19171, the composition of fermentation end-products was the same in cultures supplied with glucose and xylose. the strain ce 51 produced more volatile fatty acids and less lactate from xylose than from glucose. cells of this strain grown on xylose possessed phosphoketolase activity (ec 4.1.2.9). in both strains the production of cell dry mat ... | 1995 | 7576521 |
| analysis of the sequence of a new cryptic plasmid, prjf2, from a rumen bacterium of the genus butyrivibrio: comparison with other butyrivibrio plasmids and application in the development of cloning vector. | a small cryptic plasmid, prjf2, from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain ob157 was isolated and sequenced. the plasmid is similar in organisation to the previously sequenced butyrivibrio plasmid, prjf1, with two open reading frames, orf1 and orf2, flanking a region tentatively identified as the replication origin, and a region of unknown function defined by terminal 79 bp invert repeats. the sequences of orf1, orf2, and the presumptive replication origin are highly conserved. the sequence between t ... | 1995 | 7649434 |
| co-expression of a phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase gene and a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a cdna fragment encoding the phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase (cbh1-4) was amplified and cloned with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. the cbh1-4 gene and the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (end1) gene were successfully expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the phosphoglycerate kinase-i (pgk1) and alcohol dehydrogenase-ii (adh2) gene promoters and terminators, respectively. the native p. chrysosporium signal sequence me ... | 1996 | 8753654 |
| a sequence analysis of the beta-glucosidase sub-family b. | this computational study is a summary of structural properties of the beta-glucosidase subfamily b. computations were carried out using gcg package programs. all sequences used in this analysis were taken from the protein data bank. the multialignment and the phylogenetic tree of the beta-glucosidase sub-family b are shown. the conserved patterns: dgp, grnfe, dpyl, khf, sdw, gld, vllkn in the n-terminal region and fgyglsy in the c-terminal part should be pointed out. c-terminal parts of the buty ... | 1996 | 8549811 |
| stoichiometry of glucose and xylose fermentation in butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 787. | glucose and xylose are the principal monomeric units of plant carbohydrates. butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, an important rumen bacterium, converted both sugars to formate, acetate, butyrate and lactate. more metabolites and less cell biomass was formed from xylose than from glucose. in cultures with both substrates, glucose was utilized preferentially. growth on glucose was more rapid than on xylose. no phosphoketolase activity (ec 4.1.2.9) was detected in this strain. more carbohydrate and less pro ... | 1996 | 9229858 |
| stereochemical course and reaction products of the action of beta-xylosidase from thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum strain b6a-ri. | beta-xylosidases are grouped in families 39 and 43 of a general classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities. the beta-xylosidase from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which belongs to family 43, has been shown to operate by a molecular mechanism which results in the inversion of the anomeric configuration. thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum b6a-ri beta-xylosidase which belongs to family 39 was purified as a recombinant enzyme from escherichia coli. the stereochem ... | 1996 | 8612648 |
| are ruminal bacteria armed with bacteriocins? | the production of toxic compounds or antibiotics is a common component of intermicrobial competitive interactions, and many of these toxins have been adopted and adapted for the control of microbial populations. one class of these toxins, the bacteriocins, is a heterogeneous group of proteinaceous antibiotics that often display a high degree of target specificity, although many have a very wide spectrum of activity. to date, only limited information is available concerning the occurrence of bact ... | 1996 | 9029368 |
| structural organization of pram4, a cryptic plasmid from prevotella ruminicola. | a total of 530 strains of rumen bacteria were screened for the presence of plasmid dna. the percentage of plasmid-bearing strains was found to be the highest among the bacteroides/ prevotella group (9.9%), while it was less than 1% in the butyrivibrio (0.2%) and clostridium (0.6%) genera. a small cryptic plasmid pram4 from prevotella ruminicola t31 was subcloned in escherichia coli and completely sequenced. two open reading frames, encoding potential polypeptides of m(r) 32,322 (orf1) and 32,122 ... | 1996 | 8700970 |
| 16s rdna analysis of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens: phylogenetic position and relation to butyrate-producing anaerobic bacteria from the rumen of white-tailed deer. | complete 16s rdna sequences of six strains of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, including the type strain (atcc 19171), were determined. the type strain was found to have less than 89% sequence similarity to the other isolates that were examined. the five plasmid-bearing strains formed a closely related cluster and three of these strains (ob156, ob157 and ob192) were very highly related (> 99%), indicating that they are isolates of the same genomic species. the phylogenetic position of butyrivibrio was ... | 1996 | 8987694 |
| phylogenetic analysis of butyrivibrio strains reveals three distinct groups of species within the clostridium subphylum of the gram-positive bacteria. | the phylogenetic positions of 40 butyrivibrio strains were determined by performing a comparative sequence analysis of the 16s rrna genes of these organisms. we found that all of the strains which we studied belong to cluster xiva (m. d. collins, p. a. lawson, a. willems, j. j. cordoba, j. fernandez=garayzabal, p. garcia, j. cai, h. hippe, and j. a. e. farrow, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 44:812-826, 1994) of the clostridium subphylum of the gram-positive bacteria, which also includes several clostr ... | 1996 | 8573495 |
| characterization of proteolytic activities of rumen bacterial isolates from forage-fed cattle. | the proteolytic activities of eight strains of ruminal bacteria isolated from new zealand cattle were characterized with respect to their cellular location, response to proteinase inhibitors and hydrolysis of artificial proteinase substrates. the streptococcus bovis strains had predominantly cell-bound activity, which included a mixture of serine and cysteine-type proteinases which had high activity against leucine p-nitroanilide (lpna). the eubacterium strains had a mainly cell-associated activ ... | 1996 | 8939033 |
| cloning of a gene encoding cinnamoyl ester hydrolase from the ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens e14 by a novel method. | a gene (cini) encoding a cinnamoyl ester hydrolase (ceh) has been isolated from the ruminal bacterium, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens e14, using a model substrate, mutmac [4-methylumbelliferoyl (p-trimethylammonium cinnamate chloride)]. cini has significant amino-acid similarities with members of a large and diverse family of hydrolases with a serine/aspartic acid/histidine catalytic triad. our analyses identified two previously unclassified amino acid sequences, the amino-terminal domain of unknown ... | 1996 | 8837463 |
| how many ruminal bacteria are there? | with the development of strictly anaerobic techniques and habitat-simulating media, a variety of bacteria were isolated from the rumen in the 1940s and 1950s. based on standard morphological and physiological characteristics, the microbial ecosystem of the rumen contains a very complex population of bacteria. in recent years, ruminal bacteria have been re-evaluated with newer, more objective, and genetically valid methods of classification. ribosomes are complicated structures, and their dna-enc ... | 1996 | 8880472 |
| expression of a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens e14 gene (cinb) encoding an enzyme with cinnamoyl ester hydrolase activity is negatively regulated by the product of an adjacent gene (cinr). | a second cinnamoyl ester hydrolase (ceh) encoding gene (cinb) has been characterized from the ruminal bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens e14. cinb is more similar to cina (previously named cini) (28% amino acid identify), the first ceh described from b. fibrisolvens e14, than either of the enzymes are to any other member of the family of hydrolases to which they belong. upstream of cinb, and in the opposite orientation, is a gene (cinr) encoding a protein with substantial similarity to members ... | 1997 | 9141683 |
| cloning of cellobiose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase genes: functional expression in recombinant escherichia coli and identification of a putative binding region for disaccharides. | genomic libraries from nine cellobiose-metabolizing bacteria were screened for cellobiose utilization. positive clones were recovered from six libraries, all of which encode phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts) proteins. clones from bacillus subtilis, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and klebsiella oxytoca allowed the growth of recombinant escherichia coli in cellobiose-m9 minimal medium. the k. oxytoca clone, ploi1906, exhibited an unusually broad substrate range (cellobio ... | 1997 | 9023916 |
| group-specific 16s rrna hybridization probes for determinative and community structure studies of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens in the rumen. | oligonucleotide probes covering three phylogenetically defined groups of butyrivibrio spp. were successfully designed and tested. the specificity of each probe was examined by hybridization to rrnas from an assortment of b. fibrisolvens isolates as well as additional ruminal and nonruminal bacteria. the sensitivity of the hybridization method was determined by using one of the probes (probe 156). when rna was extracted from a culture of ob156, the probe was able to detect target cells at densiti ... | 1997 | 9097421 |
| structural studies of the extracellular polysaccharide from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain cf3. | the structure of the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain cf3 capsular polysaccharide has been investigated mainly by sugar and methylation analyses, smith degradation, nmr spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. the results indicate that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units having the following structure: -->4)-beta-l-altp-(1-->4)-beta-d-glcp-(1-->3)-4-o-[(r)-1-carboxyet hyl]-beta- d-glcp-(1-->4)-6-o-[(r)-1-carboxyethyl]-alpha-d-galp-(1--> 2 increases 1 beta-d-glcp. | 1997 | 9232840 |
| high-frequency transfer of a naturally occurring chromosomal tetracycline resistance element in the ruminal anaerobe butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains resistant to tetracycline were isolated from the bovine rumen. two of three tcr b. fibrisolvens tested were able to donate tetracycline resistance at frequencies ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-1) per donor cell in anaerobic filter matings to a rifampin-resistant mutant of the type strain of b.fibrisolvens, 2221r. the recipient strain 2221r exhibited rapid autoaggregation, which might be a factor in the high transfer rates observed. tcr transconjugants of b. fibrisol ... | 1997 | 9292992 |
| microbial perspective on fiber utilization by swine. | dietary fiber may contribute up to 30% of the maintenance energy needs of growing pigs. higher energy contributions may be obtained from dietary fiber fed to sows, along with some improvements in reproduction, health, and well-being. as long as cereal grain supplies and high-quality protein supplements are abundant, the use of fibrous feeds for swine most likely will be limited. however, as the human demand for cereal grains increases, swine producers, especially those with reproductive animals, ... | 1997 | 9331875 |