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evaluation of cortez onestep chlamydia rapicard™ insta test for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women at mbare polyclinic in harare, zimbabwe.cervical chlamydia infection poses high risk of pregnancy complications and neonatal infection. reference methods for the detection of chlamydia infection are not available for routine use in developing countries. point-of-care (poc) tests can bridge this gap. this study evaluated cortez onestep chlamydia rapicard™ insta test for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women at mbare polyclinic and determined the prevalence of c. trachomatis.201728798890
cross-sectional study to evaluate trichomonas vaginalis positivity in women tested for neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis, attending genitourinary medicine and primary care clinics in bristol, south west england.highly sensitive, commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (naat) for trichomonas vaginalis have only recently been recommended for use in the uk. while testing for t. vaginalis is routine in symptomatic women attending genitourinary medicine (gum) clinics, it is rare in asymptomatic women or those attending primary care. the aim of this study was to evaluate the positivity of t. vaginalis using a commercial naat, in symptomatic and asymptomatic women undergoing testing for chlamydia and gono ...201728798195
a novel whole-bacterial enzyme linked-immunosorbant assay to quantify chlamydia trachomatis specific antibodies reveals distinct differences between systemic and genital compartments.chlamydia trachomatis (ct) is the leading sexually transmitted bacterial infection. the continued global burden of ct infection strongly predicates the need for a vaccine to supplement current chlamydial control programs. the correlates of protection against ct are currently unknown, but they must be carefully defined to guide vaccine design. the localized nature of chlamydial infection in columnar epithelial cells of the genital tract necessitates investigation of immunity at the site of infect ...201728797112
global survey of mrna levels and decay rates of chlamydia trachomatis trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum biovars.interpreting the intricate bacterial transcriptomics implies understanding the dynamic relationship established between de novo transcription and the degradation of transcripts. here, we performed a comparative overview of gene expression levels and mrna decay rates for different-biovar (trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum) strains of the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia trachomatis. by using rna-sequencing to measure gene expression levels at mid developmental stage and mrna decay r ...201728795162
the role of septins in infections with vacuole-dwelling intracellular bacteria.septins are a relatively little understood group of gtpases that form large assemblies in cells from all eukaryotes other than plants. septins were first identified in cell division but have also been implicated in microbial infections. septins often associate with cytoskeletal proteins - most often described for filamentous (f-) actin - and are considered cytoskeletal components themselves. septins have increasingly been found to partake in processes that are linked to intracellular membranes, ...201728784332
prevalence and impact of sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women in central ethiopia.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) continues to be a major global public health issue and omnipresent sexually transmitted infections (stis) increase the risk of hiv acquisition. moreover, stis and hiv in pregnant women can harm the unborn child. in this study, we systematically investigated the prevalence of hiv, relevant stis and vaginal group b streptococcus colonization among pregnant women presenting at asella teaching hospital in central ethiopia and their effect on perinatal mortality. a ...201728776463
diversity of cervical microbiota in asymptomatic chlamydia trachomatis genital infection: a pilot study.chlamydia trachomatis genital infection continues to be an important public health problem worldwide due to its increasing incidence. c. trachomatis infection can lead to severe sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, obstructive infertility, and preterm birth. recently, it has been suggested that the cervico-vaginal microbiota may be an important defense factor toward c. trachomatis infection as well as the development of chronic sequelae. therefore, the investigation of microbial profil ...201728770172
novel outreach settings to enhance sexually transmitted infection/hiv awareness, diagnosis and treatment in hard-to-reach populations.despite recent rises in the number of cases of sexually transmitted infections (stis) such as syphilis and gonorrhoea in england and increasing rates of hiv diagnosis among several men who have sex with men populations, many individuals are still not engaging with sexual health services. the john hunter clinic for sexual health, chelsea and westminster hospital, london set up outreach clinics at the two world's largest adult lifestyle exhibitions in 2013 and 2015. this was the first time that a ...201728768469
il-4-secreting eosinophils promote endometrial stromal cell proliferation and prevent chlamydia-induced upper genital tract damage.genital chlamydia trachomatis infections in women typically are asymptomatic and do not cause permanent upper genital tract (ugt) damage. consistent with this presentation, type 2 innate and th2 adaptive immune responses associated with dampened inflammation and tissue repair are elicited in the ugt of chlamydia-infected women. primary c. trachomatis infection of mice also causes no genital pathology, but unlike women, does not generate chlamydia-specific th2 immunity. herein, we explored the si ...201728765368
assessing the need for routine screening for mycoplasma genitalium in the low-risk female population: a prevalence and co-infection study on women from croatia.there is an ongoing debate regarding possible cost and benefits, but also harm of universal screening for the emerging sexually transmitted pathogen mycoplasma genitalium.201728757928
retesting and repeat positivity following diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoea in new zealand: a retrospective cohort study.testing for reinfection at 3 to 6 months following treatment for chlamydia trachomatis or neisseria gonorrhoea is recommended in best practice sexual health management guidelines. this study aimed to describe rates of retesting and repeat positivity following diagnosis of chlamydia or gonorrhoea in a defined geographic region of new zealand.201728754106
population-based prevalence survey of follicular trachoma and trachomatous trichiasis in the casamance region of senegal.trachoma, caused by ocular infection with chlamydia trachomatis, is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. we conducted the first population-based trachoma prevalence survey in the casamance region of senegal to enable the senegalese national eye care programme (necp) to plan its trachoma control activities. the world health organization (who) guidelines state that any individual with trachomatous trichiasis (tt) should be offered surgery, but that surgery should be prioritised whe ...201728747198
rectal inflammatory stenosis secondary to chlamydia trachomatis: a case report.the rectal inflammatory originated strictures constitute a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. we present a 30-year-old male patient with a history of hiv and protctitis caused by chalmydia trachomatis and hsv-2, in which develops a low intestinal obstruction refractory to medical treatment. surgery was performed with good clinical evolution. the medical treatment constitutes the fundamental basis of the therapy in these patients. despite that, when fibrotic stenoses are not treatable medical ...201728747059
the effector tepp mediates recruitment and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase on early chlamydia trachomatis vacuoles.chlamydia trachomatis delivers multiple type 3 secreted effector proteins to host epithelial cells to manipulate cytoskeletal functions, membrane dynamics, and signaling pathways. tepp is the most abundant effector protein secreted early in infection, but its molecular function is poorly understood. in this report, we provide evidence that tepp is important for bacterial replication in cervical epithelial cells, activation of type i ifn genes, and recruitment of class i phosphoinositide 3-kinase ...201728744480
[sexually transmitted infections in germany : the current epidemiological situation].sexually transmitted infections (stis) can impair sexual health. surveillance and study data were used to provide an overview over stis in germany. we estimated 3900 new hiv diagnoses in 2015. of newly diagnosed infections, 57% were attributed to men who have sex with men (msm). it was further estimated that there were 3200 new hiv infections and 84,700 people living with hiv in 2015. a total of 6834 syphilis infections were recorded in 2015, which corresponds to an increase of 149% since 2009. ...201728741188
ten years transmission of the new variant of chlamydia trachomatis in sweden: prevalence of infections and associated complications.in 2006, a new variant of chlamydia trachomatis (nvct) was discovered in sweden. it has a deletion in the plasmid resulting in failed detection by the single target systems from abbott and roche used at that time, whereas the third system used, from becton dickinson (bd), detects nvct. the proportion of nvct was initially up to 65% in counties using abbott/roche systems. this study analysed the proportion of nvct from 2007 to 2015 in four selected counties and its impact on chlamydia-associated ...201728724744
sexually transmitted disease and male infertility: a systematic review.theoretically, sexually transmitted diseases (stds) have the potential to disrupt male fertility; however, the topic remains controversial.201628723470
[lymphogranuloma venereum].lymphogranuloma venereum belongs to the sexually transmitted diseases. the disease is caused by chlamydia trachomatis serotypes l1, l2 and l3. in the beginning of the 21st century there has been observed a large increase in the incidence of this disease in the world. there is a frequent co-occurrence with other sexually transmitted diseases (hiv, syphilis, gonorrhea, hepatitis c). predominantly this disease affects homosexuals, in which case the first manifestation of the disease may be proctiti ...201728722452
current perspectives in the usa on the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease in adolescents.in this review, the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) are discussed from a usa perspective and the difficulties that usa adolescents face in recognizing and seeking care for pid and other sexually transmitted infections (stis) are emphasized. females aged 15-24 years have the highest incidence of cervical infection with chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrheae, the principal causes of pid. pid is common in this age group. however, the incidence of ...201728721112
semen culture and the assessment of genitourinary tract infections.the male factor contributes approximately 50% to infertility-related cases in couples with an estimated 12%-35% of these cases attributable to male genital tract infections. depending on the nature of the infection, testicular sperm production, sperm transport, and sperm function can be compromised. yet, infections are potentially treatable causes of infertility. male genital tract infections are increasingly difficult to detect. moreover, they often remain asymptomatic ("silent") with the resul ...201728717267
prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections among cisgender and transgender women sex workers in greater kuala lumpur, malaysia: results from a respondent-driven sampling study.sex workers face a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and sexually transmitted infections (sti) worldwide. for cisgender women sex workers (cwsw), global hiv prevalence is over 10%, whereas transgender women sex workers (twsw) face an hiv burden of 19% to 27%.201728708696
chlamydia and mitochondria - an unfragmented relationship.presence of pathogens within a eukaryotic cell is apt to generate stress. such stress eventually leads to host defense responses, which includes, but is not limited to, apoptosis induction and subsequent destruction of the host cell and the pathogen. obligate intracellular pathogens such as chlamydia trachomatis are dependent on the survival of the host cell owing to their unique replication niche within a membrane-bound inclusion. furthermore, being energy parasites, chlamydial development is s ...201728706939
prevalence and antibiotic resistance of mycoplasma genitalium among sti clinic attendees in western canada: a cross-sectional analysis.to determine the prevalence and correlates of mycoplasma genitalium (mg) infection among men and women, determine the prevalence of gene mutations conferring resistance and compare test performance of female specimen types.201728698342
extra-rectal lymphogranuloma venereum in france: a clinical and molecular study.to describe a series of extrarectal lymphogranuloma venereum (lgv) cases diagnosed in france.201728698211
uriswab: an effective transport medium for nucleic acid detection of chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium and neisseria gonorrhoeae.background: patient self-sampling allows for remote collection and return to clinic or laboratory by post. urine samples, although convenient, are challenging to post. this study evaluated uriswab (copan, brescia, italy) as a collection and transport vessel for chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and mycoplasma genitalium (mg) detection by polymerase chain reaction, compared with flocked swab and neat urine. methods: five replicates of each specimen type were prepared from pre ...201728697843
the effect of changes in cervical cancer screening guidelines on chlamydia testing.many chlamydia infections are identified through screening, which is frequently offered to females concomitantly with cervical cancer screening. recent cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend screening less frequently and starting later. we sought to evaluate the impact of the may 2012 ontario, canada, cervical cancer screening guideline change on papanicolaou (pap) and chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) testing and incidence.201728694268
distribution of chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in neonatal conjunctivitis in hungary.the objective of the present study was to determine the frequency and age distribution of different chlamydia trachomatis (ct) genotypes causing ophthalmia neonatorum (on) in hungary. using ct specific pcr, we tested 76 conjunctival samples from symptomatic infants up to 3 months old in the national centre for epidemiology, budapest between 2008 and 2016. ct tested positive in 30 of 76 conjunctival samples (39.5 %). the sequencing of the positive samples was successful in every case but one, and ...201728693667
asymptomatic anorectal chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are associated with systemic cd8+ t cell activation.oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (prep) has been established as a pivotal strategy in hiv prevention. however, bacterial sexually transmitted infections (stis), such as chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), are also highly prevalent. although the presence of sti-related mucosal lesions is a known risk factor for hiv acquisition, the potential increase in risk associated with asymptomatic stis is not completely understood. recent data demonstrated higher t cell activation is a r ...201728692536
comparative analysis of syndromic case management and polymerase chain reaction based diagnostic assays for treatment of neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis and genital mycoplasmas in patients of genitourinary discharge.to respond to the situation of high prevalence and need for effective treatment for sexually transmitted infections (stis) in low-resource settings, syndromic diagnostic approach was recommended by the world health organization and was adopted by national aids control organization at the primary health centre level. a retrospective study was undertaken in symptomatic patients attending an sti clinic to validate the syndromic approach for genitourinary discharge syndrome. for aetiological diagnos ...201728681823
use of nucleic acid amplification testing for diagnosis of extragenital sexually transmitted infections.nucleic acid amplification testing (naat) is the preferred method to detect chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae, but no commercial tests are cleared by the u.s. food and drug administration for use with extragenital swab samples. this study evaluated the performance of the gen-probe aptima combo2 assay (aptima) and the cepheid xpert ct/ng assay (xpert) to detect c. trachomatis and n. gonorrhoeae in rectal and pharyngeal samples from 224 men and 175 women reporting a history of anal r ...201728679521
mobile nucleic acid amplification testing (mobinaat) for chlamydia trachomatis screening in hospital emergency department settings.management of curable sexually-transmitted infections (sti) such as chlamydia can be revolutionized by highly sensitive nucleic acid testing that is deployable at the point-of-care (poc). here we report the development of a mobile nucleic acid amplification testing (mobinaat) platform utilizing a mobile phone and droplet magnetofluidics to deliver naat in a portable and accessible format. by using magnetic particles as a mobile substrate for nucleic acid capture and transport, fluid handling is ...201728674410
reproductive coercion in high school-aged girls: associations with reproductive health risk and intimate partner violence.to determine the prevalence of reproductive coercion, a form of intimate partner violence (ipv) including contraceptive sabotage and pregnancy pressure, among urban high school-aged girls and to examine its associations with reproductive health risks.201728668360
treating village newcomers and travelers for trachoma: results from asante cluster randomized trial.trachoma is targeted for global elimination. infection rates with chlamydia trachomatis are higher in new arrivals to a community and in travelers who leave for extended periods, suggesting they are sources of re-infection. this community-randomized, clinical trial was designed to determine if a surveillance program that targeted newcomers and travelers, identified weekly, would result in more communities achieving levels of infection of ≤1%.201728662043
trachomatous scarring and infection with non-chlamydia trachomatis bacteria in women in kongwa, tanzania.to assess for an association between conjunctival infection with nonchlamydial bacterial species and the presence of trachomatous scarring (ts) in women in central tanzania.201728660278
chlamydia trachomatis infection is associated with e-cadherin promoter methylation, downregulation of e-cadherin expression, and increased expression of fibronectin and α-sma-implications for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.chlamydia trachomatis (ct) can induce scarring disease of the ocular mucosa, known as trachoma, the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. we hypothesized that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt) contributes to the fibrotic process in trachomatous scarring. infection of human conjunctival epithelial cells (hcje) with ct activated signaling pathways involved in emt induction, which was correlated with decreased expression of e-cadherin, guardian of the epithelial phenotype. in a ...201728660176
primary health clinic toilet/bathroom surface swab sampling can indicate community profile of sexually transmitted infections.the microbiome of built environment surfaces is impacted by the presence of humans. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that analysis of surface swabs from clinic toilet/bathroom yields results correlated with sexually transmitted infection (sti) notifications from corresponding human populations. we extended a previously reported study in which surfaces in toilet/bathroom facilities in primary health clinics in the australian northern territory (nt) were swabbed then tested for nucleic acid ...201728652937
differential expression of circulating th1/ th2/ th17 cytokines in serum of chlamydia trachomatis-infected women undergoing incomplete spontaneous abortion.the study aimed to elucidate role of th1/th2/th17 cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of spontaneous abortion in chlamydia trachomatis (ct)-positive first-trimester aborters. endometrial curettage tissue and serum were collected from 145 aborters (spontaneous abortion (sa) group, n = 85; recurrent miscarriage (rm) group, n = 60) and 120 controls attending department of obstetrics & gynecology at safdarjung hospital, new delhi (india). polymerase chain reaction was used to detect ct plasmid/momp, ...201728648621
prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium and ureaplasma urealyticum infections using a novel isothermal simultaneous rna amplification testing method in infertile males.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium and ureaplasma urealyticum infections in infertile men that consulted our outpatient departments using a novel simultaneous amplification testing (sat) that is rna-detection based. the possible impact of c. trachomatis, n. gonorrhoeae, m. genitalium and u. urealyticum infections on semen parameters was also noted in the present study.201728646898
bacterial genome sequencing in clinical microbiology: a pathogen-oriented review.in recent years, whole-genome sequencing (wgs) has been perceived as a technology with the potential to revolutionise clinical microbiology. herein, we reviewed the literature on the use of wgs for the most commonly encountered pathogens in clinical microbiology laboratories: escherichia coli and other enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci, mycobacteria and chlamydia trachomatis. for each pathogen group, we focused on five di ...201728639162
dual epidemics of club drug use and sexually transmitted infections among chinese female sex workers: new challenges to sti prevention.to evaluate club drug use and its potential association with sti among female sex workers (fsws) in china.201728638824
ureaplasma urealyticum and u. parvum in sexually active women attending public health clinics in brazil.ureaplasma urealyticum and u. parvum have been associated with genital infections. the purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ureaplasmas and other sexually transmitted infections in sexually active women from brazil and relate these data to demographic and sexual health, and cytokines il-6 and il-1β. samples of cervical swab of 302 women were examined at the family health units in vitória da conquista. the frequency of detection by conventional pcr was 76·2% for mollicutes. in qpcr ...201728637523
chlamydia trachomatis seroprevalence and ultrasound diagnosed uterine fibroids in a large population of young african-american women.reproductive tract infections have long been hypothesized to increase fibroid risk. few studies have been conducted, even for the common infection, genital chlamydia trachomatis (gct), and only with self-reported gct data. our investigation used micro-immunofluorescence serology for gct to characterize past exposure. we used cross-sectional enrollment data from a prospective fibroid study in the detroit, michigan area; ultrasound examinations systematically screened for fibroids. participants we ...201728637238
prevalence and risk factors of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis and other sexually transmissible infections among women attending antenatal clinics in three provinces in papua new guinea: a cross-sectional survey.background papua new guinea (png) is estimated to have among the highest prevalences of hiv and sexually transmissible infections (stis) of any asia-pacific country, and one of the highest burdens of maternal syphilis globally. the prevalence of curable stis, such as chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv), among pregnant women in png is relatively unknown.201628636866
chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for lipid vacuolation in the amniotic epithelium of fetal gastroschisis.vacuolated amniotic epithelium with lipid droplets in gastroschisis placentas is an unusual finding. mass spectrometry of lipid droplets identified triglycerides, ester-linked to an unusual pattern of fatty acids. we hypothesize that these findings result from a chlamydia trachomatis infection during the periconceptional period. the rising incidence of chlamydia infections has paralleled the increasing prevalence of gastroschisis among women less than 25 years of age. histologically, young women ...201728635162
setting sights on chlamydia immunity's central paradigm: can we hit a moving target? 201728634195
sexually transmitted infections: a novel screening strategy for improving women's health in vulnerable populations.migrant women are one of the most vulnerable population to health problems and well-being. this study aimed at implementing a counseling and preventive strategy for sexually transmitted infections (stis) in undocumented migrant women in milan, italy.201728632191
chlamydia trachomatis proctitis masquerading as carcinoma rectum: first case report from india.while proctitis is caused both by infectious and noninfectious causes, infectious causes are acquired typically sexually. chlamydia trachomatis, which is the most frequent bacterial pathogen causing sexually transmitted infections worldwide, is one of the causative agents of proctitis. we report a case history of a bisexual male who presented to us with rectal bleeding. the colonoscopy showed a nodular ulcerated lesion in the rectum suggestive of rectal malignancy, but biopsies from rectal mass ...201728631649
sensitivity and specificity of empiric treatment for sexually transmitted infections in a pediatric emergency department.to determine test characteristics of provider judgment for empiric antibiotic provision to patients undergoing testing for a sexually transmitted infection.201728629687
[evaluation of dynamic telomere length shortening of lymphocytes in immunocompromised children with chronic diseases of the respiratory].nowadays it is common to observe the growth of viral-viral and viral-bacterial co-infections in children of different ages, due to dysfunction of lymphocytes (dl), which can be connected with the process of the accelerated shortening of the end structures of chromosomal telomeres, telomere length changes are described in lymphocytes of children with chronic mono-infections. the conducted study has shown the shortening of telomere lymphocytes in children with cdrt seropositive for mixed-herpes vi ...201728628024
genome-wide codon usage profiling of ocular infective chlamydia trachomatis serovars and drug target identification.chlamydia trachomatis (c.t) is a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria and is a major causative of infectious blindness and sexually transmitted diseases. among the varied serovars of this organism, a, b and c are reported as prominent ocular pathogens. genomic studies of these strains shall aid in deciphering potential drug targets and genomic influence on pathogenesis. hence, in this study we performed deep statistical profiling of codon usage in these serovars. the overall base compos ...201728627970
the chlamydia trachomatis type iii secretion substrates ct142, ct143, and ct144 are secreted into the lumen of the inclusion.chlamydia trachomatis is a human bacterial pathogen causing ocular and genital infections. it multiplies exclusively within an intracellular membrane-bound vacuole, the inclusion, and uses a type iii secretion system to manipulate host cells by injecting them with bacterially-encoded effector proteins. in this work, we characterized the expression and subcellular localization in infected host cells of the c. trachomatis ct142, ct143, and ct144 proteins, which we previously showed to be type iii ...201728622339
cervicovaginal bacteria and fungi in pregnant diabetic and non-diabetic women: a multicenter observational cohort study.we evaluated the prevalence of cervicovaginal bacteria, group b streptococcus (gbs), gardnerella vaginalis (gv), candida spp., chlamydia trachomatis (ct), mycoplasma hominis (mh) and ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) in pregnant women with and without diabetes mellitus (dm).201728617561
assessing the presence of chlamydia trachomatis genome in pregnant women with spontaneous abortion using polymerase chain reaction method in yasuj: first report from southwest of iran.chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most prevalent factors of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, which causes abortion, premature rupture of membrane, uterine cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and ectopic pregnancy.201728616412
mycoplasma genitalium antibiotic resistance-mediating mutations in canadian women with or without chlamydia trachomatis infection.testing remnant aptima specimens from women infected with chlamydia trachomatis detected 13.4% (53/396) with mycoplasma genitalium compared with 5.4% (22/406) in matched c. trachomatis-negative women. overall, 9.4% (provincial ranges of 3-20%) were infected with m. genitalium and resistance mediating mutations were found in 47.3% (26/55) to macrolides and 1.9% (1/53) to fluoroquinolones by sequencing.201728608794
comparative evaluation of 2 nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae at extragenital sites.chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) infections are frequently asymptomatic, requiring highly accurate diagnostic tests and proper management to prevent further transmission. we compared two nucleic acid tests, xpert® ct/ng (cepheid, sunnyvale, ca) point-of-care platform and at an offsite clinical laboratory with aptima combo 2® (hologic, inc., san diego, ca) assay, for the detection of extragenital infection in patients at an sti clinic in hollywood, ca.we calculated concor ...201728604481
burden and characteristics of hiv infection among female sex workers in kampala, uganda - a respondent-driven sampling survey.sex workers in uganda are at significant risk for hiv infection. we characterized the hiv epidemic among kampala female sex workers (fsw).201728601086
whole-genome enrichment using rna probes and sequencing of chlamydia trachomatis directly from clinical samples.whole-genome sequencing is a powerful, high-resolution tool that can be used to generate accurate data on bacterial population structure, phylogeography, and mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance. the ability to sequence pathogen genomes directly from clinical specimens, without the requirement for in vitro culturing, is attractive in terms of time- and labor-saving, especially in the case of slow-growing, or obligate intracellular pathogens, such as chlamydia trachomatis. however c ...201728600759
contaminated fingers: a potential cause of chlamydia trachomatis-positive urine specimens.the detection of an sti agent in a urogenital tract (ugt) specimen from a young child is regarded as being indicative of sexual abuse. however, the probabilities of contamination events that could conceivably lead to sti positive specimens in the absence of sexual contact are unclear. the objective was to estimate the potential for fingers that have come in contact with chlamydia trachomatis-positive urine to detectably contaminate c. trachomatis-negative urine.201728600332
cthtra: the lynchpin of the chlamydial surface and a promising therapeutic target.chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide and the leading cause of preventable blindness. reports have emerged of treatment failure, suggesting a need to develop new antibiotics to battle chlamydia infection. one possible candidate for a new treatment is the protease inhibitor jo146, which is an effective anti-chlamydia agent that targets the cthtra protein. cthtra is a lynchpin on the chlamydial cell surface due to its essential and multifunc ...201728593794
evaluation of self-collected rectal swabs for the detection of bacteria responsible for sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of hiv-1-infected patients.the standard approach to screening sexually transmitted infections (stis) has often been restricted to urogenital specimens. most current guidelines, however, also recommend testing extra-genital sites, including rectal locations, because asymptomatic rectal carriage of pathogens has often been reported. the aim of our study was to evaluate self-collected rectal swabs to screen bacterial stis in hiv-infected patients in marseille, france.201728590237
comprehensive global genome dynamics of chlamydia trachomatis show ancient diversification followed by contemporary mixing and recent lineage expansion.chlamydia trachomatis is the world's most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection and leading infectious cause of blindness, yet it is one of the least understood human pathogens, in part due to the difficulties of in vitro culturing and the lack of available tools for genetic manipulation. genome sequencing has reinvigorated this field, shedding light on the contemporary history of this pathogen. here, we analyze 563 full genomes, 455 of which are novel, to show that the history of t ...201728588068
chlamydia trachomatis infection positivity rates determined by nucleic acid amplification test in patients of hospitals in the northeastern region of ukraine.there are no accurate data regarding the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection in ukraine. this study aims to estimate the prevalence in the northeastern region of the country through reviewing nucleic acid amplification test results in patients of medical institutions in the kharkov region during 2014-2016. samples from 6920 patients (5028 women and 1892 men) aged 12-76 years were tested. the overall positivity rate was 4.5% (95% ci 4.0-5.0): 3.9% (95% ci 3.4-4.5) in women and 6.1% (95% ...201728583015
burden of chlamydia trachomatis in india: a systematic literature review.chlamydia trachomatis (hereafter ct) is gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen. it causes the world's most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease. india is home to the world's greatest burden of infectious diseases, yet information on prevalence rates of ct is scarce. this article systematically reviews the literature for the prevalence rates and testing methods in india. a total of 27 studies were included. four main patients groups (symptomatic women, infertile women, pregnant w ...201728582495
chlamydia trachomatis-induced reactive arthritis in india: frequency and clinical presentation. 201728576785
rectal administration of a chlamydial subunit vaccine protects against genital infection and upper reproductive tract pathology in mice.in this study, we tested the hypothesis that rectal immunization with a vcg-based chlamydial vaccine would cross-protect mice against heterologous genital chlamydia trachomatis infection and chlamydia-induced upper genital tract pathologies in mice. female mice were immunized with a c. trachomatis serovar d-derived subunit vaccine or control or live serovar d elementary bodies (ebs) and the antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses were characterized. vaccine efficacy was determined ...201728570663
detection of a microbial metabolite by sting regulates inflammasome activation in response to chlamydia trachomatis infection.the innate immune system is a critical component of host defence against microbial pathogens, but effective responses require an ability to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious insult to prevent inappropriate inflammation. using the important obligate intracellular human pathogen chlamydia trachomatis; an organism that causes significant immunopathology, we sought to determine critical host and pathogen factors that contribute to the induction of inflammasome activation. we assayed ...201728570638
simultaneous subcutaneous and intranasal administration of a caf01-adjuvanted chlamydia vaccine elicits elevated iga and protective th1/th17 responses in the genital tract.the selection of any specific immunization route is critical when defining future vaccine strategies against a genital infection like chlamydia trachomatis (c.t.). an optimal chlamydia vaccine needs to elicit mucosal immunity comprising both neutralizing iga/igg antibodies and strong th1/th17 responses. a strategic tool to modulate this immune profile and mucosal localization of vaccine responses is to combine parenteral and mucosal immunizations routes. in this study, we investigate whether thi ...201728567043
screening for chlamydia trachomatis infections in women. 201728564567
screening for chlamydia trachomatis infections in women. 201728564566
rapid detection and strain typing of chlamydia trachomatis using a highly multiplexed microfluidic pcr assay.nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) are recommended by the cdc for detection of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) urogenital infections. current commercial naats require technical expertise and sophisticated laboratory infrastructure, are time-consuming and expensive, and do not differentiate the lymphogranuloma venereum (lgv) strains that require a longer duration of treatment than non-lgv strains. the multiplexed microfluidic pcr-based assay presented in this work simultaneously interrogates 13 ...201728562672
prevalence and risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (stis) among women of reproductive age in swaziland.sexually transmitted infections (stis) remain an important public health problem with approximately half a billion new cases annually among persons aged 15-49 years. epidemiological data on stis among women of reproductive age in swaziland are limited. the availability of epidemiological data on stis and associated risk factors in this population is essential for the development of successful prevention, diagnosis and management strategies in the country. the study aimed to determine the prevale ...201728559923
dendrimer-conjugated peptide vaccine enhances clearance of chlamydia trachomatis genital infection.peptide-based vaccines have emerged in recent years as promising candidates in the prevention of infectious diseases. however, there are many challenges to maintaining in vivo peptide stability and enhancement of peptide immunogenicity to generate protective immunity which enhances clearance of infections. here, a dendrimer-based carrier system is proposed for peptide-based vaccine delivery, and shows its anti-microbial feasibility in a mouse model of chlamydia trachomatis. chlamydiae are the mo ...201728546072
chlamydia trachomatis induces an upregulation of molecular biomarkers podoplanin, wilms' tumour gene 1, osteopontin and inflammatory cytokines in human mesothelial cells.chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent infection of the genital tract in women worldwide. c. trachomatis has a tendency to cause persistent infection and induce a state of chronic inflammation, which has been reported to play a role in carcinogenesis. we report that persistent c. trachomatis infection increases the expression of inflammatory tumour cytokines and upregulates molecular biomarkers such as podoplanin, wilms' tumour gene 1 and osteopontin in primary cultures of mesothelial cells ...201728535856
bioinformatic analysis of bacteria and host cell dual rna-sequencing experiments.bacterial pathogens subvert host cells by manipulating cellular pathways for survival and replication; in turn, host cells respond to the invading pathogen through cascading changes in gene expression. deciphering these complex temporal and spatial dynamics to identify novel bacterial virulence factors or host response pathways is crucial for improved diagnostics and therapeutics. dual rna sequencing (drna-seq) has recently been developed to simultaneously capture host and bacterial transcriptom ...201728535295
measuring trachomatous inflammation-intense (ti) when prevalence is low provides data on infection with chlamydia trachomatis.clinical trachoma is the current measure of effectiveness of antibiotic and environmental improvements in trachoma endemic communities. impact assessments measure only trachomatous inflammation-follicular (tf). trachomatous inflammation-intense (ti) is not used for decisions on stopping mass drug administration (mda) or achieving intervention goals. we tested the supposition that ti was not associated with chlamydia trachomatis when disease prevalence is low.201728535271
benefit of adjunct universal rectal screening for chlamydia genital infections in women attending canadian sexually transmitted infection clinics.adding universal rectal screening to urogenital screening should positively impact rectal chlamydia trachomatis (ct) incidence in affected populations. a dynamic markov model was used to evaluate costs and outcomes of three rectal ct screening strategies among women attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in alberta, canada: universal urogenital-only screening (ug-only), additional selected (exposure-based) rectal screening (ug+sr), and additional universal rectal screening (ug+ur). the ...201728534712
population-attributable fraction of tubal factor infertility associated with chlamydia.chlamydia trachomatis infection is highly prevalent among young women in the united states. prevention of long-term sequelae of infection, including tubal factor infertility, is a primary goal of chlamydia screening and treatment activities. however, the population-attributable fraction of tubal factor infertility associated with chlamydia is unclear, and optimal measures for assessing tubal factor infertility and prior chlamydia in epidemiological studies have not been established. black women ...201728532600
the burden of and risk factors for trachoma in selected districts of zimbabwe: results of 16 population-based prevalence surveys.trachoma, a leading cause of blindness, is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem by 2020. in order to contribute to this goal, countries should demonstrate reduction of disease prevalence below specified thresholds, after implementation of the safe strategy in areas with defined endemicity. zimbabwe had not yet generated data on trachoma endemicity and no specific interventions against trachoma have yet been implemented.201728532208
epidemiological investigation of the relationship between common lower genital tract infections and high-risk human papillomavirus infections among women in beijing, china.the incidence of lower genital tract infections in china has been increasing in recent years. the link between high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) and other sexually transmitted diseases (stds) remains unclear.201728531212
prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhea and associated factors among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in brazil: a multicenter study.chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc) cause infections in the female genital tract, increasing susceptibility to and infectiousness of hiv. the objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence and associated factors of ct and gc infection among hiv-infected women in brazil.201728528844
lower levels of cervicovaginal tryptophan are associated with natural clearance of chlamydia in women.chlamydia trachomatis (ct) infection causes significant morbidity. in vitro studies demonstrate ct growth inhibition occurs by interferon-gamma (ifn-γ)-mediated depletion of intracellular tryptophan, and some ct strains utilize extracellular indole to restore tryptophan levels. whether tryptophan levels are associated with ct infection in clearance humans remains unknown. we evaluated tryptophan, indole, and ifn-γ levels in cervicovaginal lavages from women with either naturally cleared ct infec ...201728520912
declines in hpv-associated high-grade cervical lesions after introduction of hpv vaccines in connecticut, us, 2008-2015.trends in hpv-associated cervical lesions can provide an indication of vaccine impact. our purpose was to measure trends in cervical lesions during 2008-2015 and to consider possible explanations including vaccination coverage, changes in screening for cervical cancer, and risk behaviors for acquiring hpv.201728520854
systematic investigation of the role of surfactant composition and choice of oil: design of a nanoemulsion-based adjuvant inducing concomitant humoral and cd4(+) t-cell responses.induction of cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses is crucial for vaccine-mediated protection against difficult vaccine targets, e.g., chlamydia trachomatis (ct). adjuvants are included in subunit vaccines to potentiate immune responses, but many marketed adjuvants stimulate predominantly humoral immune responses. therefore, there is an unmet medical need for new adjuvants, which potentiate humoral and cmi responses. the purpose was to design an oil-in-water nanoemulsion adjuvant containing a syn ...201728516400
chlamydia trachomatis infection of human endometrial stromal cells induces defective decidualisation and chemokine release.miscarriage affects ~20% of pregnancies and maternal infections account for ~15% of early miscarriages. chlamydia trachomatis (ct) has been associated with miscarriage but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. successful implantation requires endometrial stromal cell (esc) decidualisation. maintenance of pregnancy requires angiogenesis, establishment of the correct cellular milieu and trophoblast invasion, all of which involve the action of chemokines. our objective was to determine whether ct ...201728515460
impact of expedited partner therapy (ept) implementation on chlamydia incidence in the usa.the diagnosis and treatment of chlamydia trachomatis infection is important in preventing persistent or recurrent infection. expedited partner therapy (ept) is the favoured and supported method for sti treatment of the centers for disease control and prevention when the provider cannot be assured that all recent sexual partner(s) will seek therapy. ept is legally permissible in 38 states and is endorsed by healthcare organisations to decrease the rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection. our ...201728515200
absence of specific chlamydia trachomatis inclusion membrane proteins triggers premature inclusion membrane lysis and host cell death.chlamydia trachomatis is a human pathogen associated with significant morbidity worldwide. as obligate intracellular parasites, chlamydiae must survive within eukaryotic cells for sufficient time to complete their developmental cycle. to promote host cell survival, chlamydiae express poorly understood anti-apoptotic factors. using recently developed genetic tools, we show that three inclusion membrane proteins (incs) out of eleven examined are required for inclusion membrane stability and avoida ...201728514660
chlamydia trachomatis transformation and allelic exchange mutagenesis.gene inactivation is essential for forward and reverse genetic approaches to establish protein function. techniques such as insertion or chemical mutagenesis have been developed to mutagenize chlamydiae via targeted or random mutagenesis, respectively. both of these approaches require transformation of chlamydiae to either introduce insertion elements or complement mutants. we have recently developed a targeted mutagenesis strategy, fluorescence-reported allelic exchange mutagenesis (fraem), to ...201728510361
detection of genital chlamydial and gonococcal infection using urine samples: a community-based study from india.sexually transmitted infections (sti) have a major impact on the reproductive health of women. among the different etiological agents of stis, chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae are the main bacterial pathogens that cause sexually transmitted infections in women. the aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of genital chlamydial and gonococcal infection among women in the age group of 18-65 years from a community-based setting. a community-based cross-sectional study was perf ...201728506737
lactobacilli-lactoferrin interplay in chlamydia trachomatis infection.in the cervicovaginal microenvironment, lactobacilli are known to protect against genital infections and, amongst the host defence compounds, lactoferrin has recently acquired importance for its anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. an abnormal genital microenvironment facilitates the acquisition of pathogens like chlamydia trachomatis, the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. the aim of our study is to investigate the effects of lactobacillus crispatu ...201728505248
incidence of gonorrhea and chlamydia following hiv preexposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men: a modeling study.preexposure prophylaxis (prep) is highly effective for preventing hiv, but risk compensation (rc) in men who have sex with men (msm) raises concerns about increased sexually transmitted infections (stis). cdc's prep guidelines recommend biannual sti screening, which may reduce incidence by treating stis that would otherwise remain undiagnosed. we investigated the impact of these two potentially counteracting phenomena.201728505240
aerobic vaginitis: no longer a stranger.aerobic vaginitis (av) is the name given in 2002 to a vaginal infectious entity which was not recognized as such before. it is characterized by abnormal (dysbiotic) vaginal microflora containing aerobic, enteric bacteria, variable levels of vaginal inflammation and deficient epithelial maturation. although av and bacterial vaginosis (bv) share some characteristics, such as a diminished number or absence of lactobacilli, increased discharge (fishy smelling in bv, while in severe forms of av, a fo ...201728502874
keeping an eye on chlamydia and gonorrhea conjunctivitis in infants in the united states, 2010-2015.perinatal transmission of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc) can result in conjunctivitis in infants. we examined national rates of reported ct/gc conjunctivitis among infants. surveillance of these infections is heavily affected by the completeness of reported data on specimen source and age. alternative data sources should be evaluated.201728499285
chlamydia trachomatis incidence using self-reports and serology by gender, age period, and sexual behavior in a birth cohort.although understanding chlamydia incidence assists prevention and control, analyses based on diagnosed infections may distort the findings. therefore, we determined incidence and examined risks in a birth cohort based on self-reports and serology.201728499283
striking ethnic variations in the epidemiology of chlamydia trachomatis in haifa district, israel, throughout the years 2001-2015.our objectives were to examine trends in the incidence of chlamydia over an extended period and compare the epidemiology of the infection between two distinct ethnic groups in israel: jews and arabs. we examined the incidence rate of chlamydia trachomatis infection among residents of haifa district, northern israel from 2001 to 2015, by reviewing archives of the department of epidemiology, ministry of health. notified cases were stratified by age group, gender, and ethnic group. the overall inci ...201728497706
higher levels of secretory iga are associated with low disease activity index in patients with reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis.both reactive arthritis (rea) and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (uspa) belong to the group of autoinflammatory diseases called spondyloarthritis (spa). hypotheses have been proposed about a relationship between the intestinal mucosa and inflammation of joint tissues. the role of immunoglobulin iga or secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) in the inflammatory and/or clinical activity of patients with spa remains poorly understood.201728496443
patterns of prevalent hpv and sti co-infections and associated factors among hiv-negative young western cape, south african women: the evri trial.to estimate the prevalence and describe the patterns of concurrent human papillomavirus (hpv) and stis and associated factors among hiv-negative young western cape, south african women participating in the efficacy of hpv vaccine to reduce hiv infection (evri) trial.201728490581
meatal swabs contain less cellular material and are associated with a decrease in gram stain smear quality compared to urethral swabs in men.urethral swabs are the samples of choice for point-of-care gram stain testing to diagnose neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) in men. as an alternative to urethral swabs, meatal swabs have been recommended for the collection of urethral discharge to diagnose n. gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis infection in certain populations by nucleic acid amplification testing (naat), as they involve a less invasive collection method. however, as meatal swabs could be sampl ...201728490486
reduced-cost chlamydia trachomatis-specific multiplex real-time pcr diagnostic assay evaluated for ocular swabs and use by trachoma research programmes.trachoma, caused by the intracellular bacterium chlamydia trachomatis (ct), is the leading infectious cause of preventable blindness. many commercial platforms are available that provide highly sensitive and specific detection of ct dna. however, the majority of these commercial platforms are inaccessible for population-level surveys in resource-limited settings typical to trachoma control programmes. we developed two low-cost quantitative pcr (qpcr) tests for ct using readily available reagents ...201728487054
[evaluation of two methodologies for chlamydia trachomatis detection in cervical samples of two clinics].objective: to compare the positive rates of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) in gynecological clinic and reproductive medicine clinic by detecting cervical samples from two clinics with three assays of different methodologies. to determine the performances of enzyme assay and immunochromatography (ica) assay compared to the real-time pcr assay. methods: seven hundred and eleven samples of gynecological clinic from may 2014 to may 2015 and 711 samples of reproductive medicine clinic from june 2014 to a ...201728482436
the attitudes of dutch fertility specialists towards the addition of genetic testing in screening of tubal factor infertility.this study aims to identify elements perceived by dutch fertility specialists as barriers and facilitators for the introduction of genetic testing, and their attitudes towards the use of genetic information. the genetic test would be implemented in routine screening for tubal pathology and identifies snps relevant for the immune response causing tubal pathology.201728477924
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