| protocol for analyzing human leukocyte antigen variants and sexually transmitted infections: from genotyping to immunoassays. | this chapter describes experimental and analytical procedures that can be used to decipher the specific role of human leukocyte antigen (hla) variants in infectious diseases. the techniques are distilled from more than one decade of active immunogenetics research, primarily on sexually transmitted infections (stis) caused by viral and bacterial pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and chlamydia trachomatis. the specific approaches cover (1) s ... | 2012 | 22782832 |
| protocol for the rapid detection of the urogenital tract mollicutes and chlamydia with concomitant lgv-(sub)typing. | urogenital tract infections can be caused by a number of pathogens, some of which, like the obligate intracellular chlamydia trachomatis, are difficult to culture, or the cell wall-less mollicutes, like m. hominis or ureaplasma spp. real-time pcr (qpcr) has become an important diagnostic tool as it enables not only the species-specific detection of the organism but also the quantification essential to define the etiological relevance of a facultative pathogenic bacterium. we developed a set of t ... | 2012 | 22782822 |
| protocol for the use of a bead array for the multiple detection of genotype of chlamydia trachomatis. | the identification of chlamydia trachomatis genotypes is important for both molecular epidemiology and infection control such as contact tracing and identification of high-risk groups. currently, at least 19 human serovars have been recognized by using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the major outer membrane protein. in sexually transmitted diseases, multiple pathogens or genotype infections are not uncommon. hence, detection of multiple gene targets in one reaction is becoming incr ... | 2012 | 22782819 |
| protocol for the detection of mycoplasma genitalium by pcr from clinical specimens and subsequent detection of macrolide resistance-mediating mutations in region v of the 23s rrna gene. | mycoplasma genitalium is an established cause of male nongonococcal urethritis, in particular in cases with recurrent disease and in those negative for chlamydia trachomatis. in women m. genitalium causes cervicitis and there is increasing evidence that it is causing pelvic inflammatory disease (pid). nucleic acid amplification tests are currently the only available methods for detection, but no commercially available tests have been thoroughly evaluated. here we describe a taqman-based pcr test ... | 2012 | 22782815 |
| guidelines for high-resolution genotyping of chlamydia trachomatis using multilocus sequence analysis. | chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide and can cause ectopic pregnancies and infertility. it is therefore important to have adequate genotyping tools for investigating the spread of chlamydia trachomatis among the population. here, we describe a high-resolution multilocus sequence typing (mlst) system able to differentiate closely related clinical strains, which makes it ideal for short-term epidemiology and outbreak investigations. it is based on five high ... | 2012 | 22782811 |
| beyond "safe sex"--can we fight adolescent pelvic inflammatory disease? | pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) is a common disorder affecting sexually active adolescents. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and european cdc report chlamydia trachomatis as the most common sexually transmitted infection and one of the main etiological agents causing pid. c. trachomatis' and pid's high prevalence may be attributed to multiple factors including high-risk sexual behaviors, sensitive laboratory diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction), and the introduction of c ... | 2013 | 22777641 |
| a pilot study for diagnosis of genital chlamydia trachomatis infections by polymerase chain reaction among symptomatic indian women. | chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial etiology of sexually transmitted infection. | 2012 | 22772614 |
| screening for chlamydia trachomatis. | | 2012 | 22767613 |
| nod1, but not the asc inflammasome, contributes to induction of il-1β secretion in human trophoblasts after sensing of chlamydia trachomatis. | chlamydia trachomatis (ct) is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. previously, we showed that infection of human trophoblast cells by ct triggers the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (il)-1β. the aim of this study was to understand the innate immune pathways involved in trophoblast production of il-1β after ct infection. the approach we took was to inhibit the expression or function of the key toll-like receptors (tlrs), nod-like receptors, and inflammasome compon ... | 2013 | 22763410 |
| evaluating the chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening program in the humanitarian entrant health service, western australia. | to document the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in the refugee population settling in western australia from 1 january 2006 to 31 december 2009 and make recommendations for future screening for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in the refugee population. | 2012 | 22762232 |
| genital chlamydia trachomatis infection - a study of general practice management in northern queensland. | most diagnoses of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in queensland are made by general practitioners. this study aimed to describe gp knowledge of recommended guidelines for chlamydia management and ascertain gps' preferred model for contact tracing. | 2012 | 22762073 |
| eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eif2) signaling regulates proinflammatory cytokine expression and bacterial invasion. | in eukaryotic cells, there are two well characterized pathways that regulate translation initiation in response to stress, and each have been shown to be targeted by various viruses. we recently showed in a yeast-based model that the bacterial virulence factor yopj disrupts one of these pathways, which is centered on the α-subunit of the translation factor eif2. here, we show in mammalian cells that induction of the eif2 signaling pathway occurs following infection with bacterial pathogens and t ... | 2012 | 22761422 |
| epidemiology of chlamydia trachomatis endocervical infection in a previously unscreened population in rome, italy, 2000 to 2009. | as reliable data on chlamydia trachomatis infection in italy are lacking and as there is no italian screening policy, epidemiological analyses are needed to optimise effective strategies for surveillance of the infection in the country. we collected data from 6,969 sexually active women aged 15 to 55 years who underwent testing for endocervical c. trachomatis infection at the cervico-vaginal pathology unit in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics of sapienza university in rome between 200 ... | 2012 | 22748006 |
| population based study of genital chlamydia trachomatis prevalence and associated factors in norway: a cross sectional study. | the number of diagnosed cases of chlamydia trachomatis infection has been increasing in the past years in norway although the testing rate has been relatively stable. the aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of genital chlamydia trachomatis in young men and women in one county in norway and determine associated factors in order to better target preventive measures. | 2012 | 22747602 |
| genotyping of endocervical chlamydia trachomatis strains and detection of serological markers of acute and chronic inflammation in their host. | chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis) is the most prevalent cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (sti) recognized throughout the world. the aim of this study is to determine different genotypes of genital c. trachomatis and the association between the serological markers of inflammation and genotypes of c. trachomatis in sexually active women (n=80) attending shahid beheshti hospital in isfahan, iran. | 2012 | 25493166 |
| development and application of an in-house reverse hybridization method for chlamydia trachomatis genotyping. | to develop and evaluate an in-house reverse hybridization technique for chlamydia trachomatis genotype identification. | 2012 | 22738848 |
| patterns of empiric treatment of chlamydia trachomatis infections in an underserved population. | appropriate treatment of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) sexually transmitted infections (stis) is important. much of this treatment is empiric, and most research on treatment patterns has been conducted in emergency department settings. few studies have focused on ct treatment in outpatient primary care settings, especially among underserved populations. we aimed to study patterns of empiric ct treatment in an urban safety net clinic. | 2012 | 22733418 |
| mycoplasmateceae species are not found in fallopian tubes of women with tubo-peritoneal infertility. | the role of mycoplasmas on the development and sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease remains controversial. the objective of the present study is to correlate directly the presence of mycoplasmateceae through polimerase chain reaction (pcr) determinations in cervix and fallopian tubes of infertile patients with tubo-peritoneal factor diagnosed through laparoscopy. | 2017 | 22729196 |
| increasing chlamydia test of re-infection rates using sms reminders and incentives. | clients diagnosed and treated for chlamydia trachomatis are a recognised high-risk group for subsequent infection. an estimated 8% of clients treated for chlamydia at cairns sexual health service return for re-testing within the recommended 3-4-month period. there is no recall or reminder system in place. this study assesses the effectiveness of using short messaging service (sms) reminders with and without incentive payments to increase re-testing rates. | 2013 | 22728911 |
| association between enhanced screening for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae and reductions in sequelae among women. | chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc) are typically asymptomatic, but, if untreated, can lead to sequelae including pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) and ectopic pregnancy. the objective was to describe trends of these sequelae in philadelphia after implementing citywide screening in a high-morbidity population (>6% positivity). | 2012 | 22727081 |
| activation of type iii interferon genes by pathogenic bacteria in infected epithelial cells and mouse placenta. | bacterial infections trigger the expression of type i and ii interferon genes but little is known about their effect on type iii interferon (ifn-λ) genes, whose products play important roles in epithelial innate immunity against viruses. here, we studied the expression of ifn-λ genes in cultured human epithelial cells infected with different pathogenic bacteria and in the mouse placenta infected with listeria monocytogenes. we first showed that in intestinal lovo cells, induction of ifn-λ genes ... | 2012 | 22720036 |
| maximising the potential of voluntary counselling and testing for hiv: sexually transmitted infections and hiv epidemiology in a population testing for hiv and its implications for practice. | this study aimed to describe the epidemiology of hiv infection and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among persons who attended voluntary counselling and testing (vct) service for hiv and to assess whether the vct programme reached the right population at risk in taiwan. | 2012 | 22717470 |
| nafamostat mesylate, a serine protease inhibitor, demonstrates novel antimicrobial properties and effectiveness in chlamydia-induced arthritis. | effective treatment of reactive arthritis would ideally achieve both control of inflammation and eradication of persisting arthritogenic pathogens. we use a model of experimental chlamydia trachomatis-induced arthritis (ctia) to evaluate the effectiveness of nafamostat mesilate (nm), a serine protease inhibitor with complement-modifying effects and anticoagulant properties. to date clinical use of nm has largely been in asia and has been primarily confined to inflammatory states such as pancreat ... | 2012 | 22716645 |
| domain analyses reveal that chlamydia trachomatis ct694 protein belongs to the membrane-localized family of type iii effector proteins. | the chlamydia trachomatis type three-secreted effector protein ct694 is expressed during late-cycle development yet is secreted by infectious particles during the invasion process. we have previously described the presence of at least two functional domains within ct694. ct694 was found to interact with the human protein ahnak through a c-terminal domain and affect formation of host-cell actin stress fibers. immunolocalization analyses of ectopically expressed pegfp-ct694 also revealed plasma me ... | 2012 | 22711538 |
| predictors of high chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity rates among men in the southern united states. | routine screening for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in men in the united states is not recommended. however, untreated men remain a potential reservoir for chlamydial and gonococcal infections and reinfection among women. chlamydia and gonorrhea positivities and associated epidemiology were evaluated among males in the southern united states. | 2015 | 22708244 |
| chlamydia trachomatis serovar distribution and other sexually transmitted coinfections in subjects attending an std outpatients clinic in italy. | we studied the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) urogenital infection and the distribution of different genotypes in a non-selected std population of 1625 patients, evaluating presence of coinfections with other sexually transmitted diseases. each patient was bled to perform serological tests for syphilis and hiv, then urethral or endocervical swabs were obtained for the detection of ct and neisseria gonorrhoeae by culture. dna extracted from remnant positive swabs was amplified by omp1 n ... | 2012 | 22707135 |
| evaluation of the roche cobas® ct/ng test for detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in male urine. | the roche cobas® ct/ng test (c4800), performed on the cobas 4800 system, is a new diagnostic assay using an automated workstation to isolate nucleic acids from clinical specimens and a real-time instrument for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng). this study compared the performance characteristics of the c4800 with the becton dickinson probetec™ ct/gc q(x) assay (q(x)) and gen-probe® aptima combo 2 (ac2) assay for the detection of ct and ng in male urine us ... | 2012 | 22706217 |
| urethritis/cervicitis pathogen prevalence and associated risk factors among asymptomatic hiv-infected patients in south africa. | to determine sexually transmitted infection (sti) prevalence, and patient characteristics associated with detection of urethritis/cervicitis pathogens, among hiv-infected individuals offered voluntary sti screening at a south african hiv treatment center. | 2012 | 22706215 |
| comparison of the bd viper system with xtr technology to the gen-probe aptima combo 2 assay using the tigris dts system for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in urine specimens. | performances of the bd probetec chlamydia trachomatis (ct)/neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc) q(x) amplified dna assay reagents on a bd viper system with xtr technology and aptima combo 2 assay reagents on a tigris dts platform, for detection of both ct and gc were compared. | 2012 | 22706212 |
| exploring short-term responses to changes in the control strategy for chlamydia trachomatis. | chlamydia has a significant impact on public health provision in the developed world. using pair approximation equations we investigate the efficacy of control programmes for chlamydia on short time scales that are relevant to policy makers. we use output from the model to estimate critical measures, namely, prevalence, incidence, and positivity in those screened and their partners. we combine these measures with a costing tool to estimate the economic impact of different public health strategie ... | 2012 | 22701143 |
| correlates of chlamydia trachomatis infection in a primary care sentinel surveillance network. | chlamydia is the most commonly notified infection in australia. prevention strategies should be informed by routine data on at-risk populations. | 2012 | 22697142 |
| chlamydial infection in female lower genital tract and its correlation with cervical smear abnormalities. | it is widely known that infection by chlamydia trachomatis (ct) is the most common curable sexually transmitted infection (sti) among the young population.chlamydial cervicitis has been suspected in the past to be a risk factor for squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (sil) and cervical cancer on the basis of case-control comparisons of serological tests. | 2012 | 22693972 |
| insights into the timing of repeated testing after treatment for chlamydia trachomatis: data and modelling study. | the objective of this study was to determine the optimal time interval for a repeated chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) test. | 2013 | 22683893 |
| high-throughput proteomic screening identifies chlamydia trachomatis antigens that are capable of eliciting t cell and antibody responses that provide protection against vaginal challenge. | a comprehensive proteomic screening technology was previously used to characterize t cell responses to chlamydia trachomatis infection. in this study, we demonstrated that t cells specific for protein antigens identified through this comprehensive technology home to the site of infection after mucosal challenge with c. trachomatis. in addition, t cell responses to these proteins were elicited in multiple genetic backgrounds. two protein antigens, ct823 and ct144, were evaluated as vaccine candid ... | 2012 | 22682294 |
| subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. | the reported incidence of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) has decreased but rates of tubal infertility have not, suggesting that a large proportion of pid leading to infertility may be undetected. subclinical pid is common in women with uncomplicated chlamydial or gonococcal cervicitis or with bacterial vaginosis. we assessed whether women with subclinical pid are at an increased risk for infertility. | 2012 | 22678036 |
| risk behaviors and sexually transmitted diseases in gay and heterosexual men attending an std clinic in tel aviv, israel: a cross-sectional study. | the increase in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among men who have sex with men (msm) in israel during the last decade raises concerns regarding other sexuallytransmitted diseases (std) in msm, which are yet undetermined. | 2012 | 22675852 |
| attachment of chlamydia trachomatis l2 to host cells requires sulfation. | chlamydia trachomatis is a pathogen responsible for a prevalent sexually transmitted disease. it is also the most common cause of infectious blindness in the developing world. we performed a loss-of-function genetic screen in human haploid cells to identify host factors important in c. trachomatis l2 infection. we identified and confirmed b3gat3, b4galt7, and slc35b2, which encode glucuronosyltransferase i, galactosyltransferase i, and the 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transporter 1, res ... | 2012 | 22675117 |
| host hdl biogenesis machinery is recruited to the inclusion of chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells and regulates chlamydial growth. | chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that is the most common cause of sexually transmitted bacterial infections and is the etiological agent of trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness. the organism infects epithelial cells of the genital tract and eyelid resulting in a damaging inflammatory response. chlamydia trachomatis grows within a vacuole termed the inclusion, and its growth depends on numerous host factors, including lipids. although a variety ... | 2012 | 22672264 |
| inflammatory pathways in cervical cancer - the uct contribution. | cervical cancer is the leading gynaecological malignancy in southern africa. the main causal factor for development of the disease is infection of the cervix with human papillomavirus. it is a multi-step disease with several contributing co-factors including multiple sexual partners, a compromised immune system and cervical inflammation caused by infections with chlamydia trachomatis or neisseria gonorrhoeae. inflammation involves extensive tissue remodelling events which are orchestrated by com ... | 2012 | 22668947 |
| increase in lymphogranuloma venereum cases in south florida. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinic prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with lgv since 2007 when active clinic surveillance started. we review all the reports of rectal chlamydia trachomatis and lgv testing of those samples. chlamydia trachomatis lgv dna was detected by nucleic acid amplification/ompa gene sequencing. medical records of all patients with lgv were reviewed. prevalence of rectal ct among tested individuals was relatively stable during the study peri ... | 2012 | 22665925 |
| clinical features of fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome in the emergency department. | fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome (fhcs) is a clinical entity characterized by inflammation of the liver capsule associated with genital tract infection. the aim of this study is to provide physicians with clinical suggestions for diagnostic approaches based on a series of patients who were diagnosed with fhcs. | 2012 | 22665342 |
| prevalence of malaria and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections in pregnancy in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review. | malaria and sexually transmitted infections/reproductive tract infections (stis/rtis) in pregnancy are direct and indirect causes of stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. | 2012 | 22665107 |
| chlamydia trachomatis incidence and re-infection among young women--behavioural and microbiological characteristics. | this study aimed to estimate rates of chlamydia incidence and re-infection and to investigate the dynamics of chlamydia organism load in prevalent, incident and re-infections among young australian women. | 2012 | 22662220 |
| detection rates of mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis infections in novosibirsk, siberia, in 2010-2011. | | 2012 | 22661633 |
| screening tests for chlamydia trachomatis or neisseria gonorrhoeae using the cobas 4800 pcr system do not require a second test to confirm: an audit of patients issued with equivocal results at a sexual health clinic in the northwest of england, u.k. | to assess the clinical utility of supplementary pcrs following a positive cobas 4800 ct/ng pcr screening test result. | 2012 | 22661631 |
| [prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis in adults with chronic conjunctivitis in nisava district]. | chlamydia trachomatis causes many infections, including eye infections. they manifest as inclusion conjunctivitis and trachoma. the agent is transmitted by dirty hands, eyeliners, medical instruments and via swimming-pool water or, in neonates, by passage through an infected birth canal. due to the nonspecific clinical features at the beginning of the infection and delayed application of symptomatic, anti-allergic and non-specific antibiotic therapy, chlamydia aetiology is usually established on ... | 2012 | 22650098 |
| chlamydial infection induces host cytokinesis failure at abscission. | chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacteria and the infectious agent responsible for the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia. infection with chlamydia can lead to serious health sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory disease and reproductive tract scarring contributing to infertility and ectopic pregnancies. additionally, chlamydial infections have been epidemiologically linked to cervical cancer in patients with a prior human papilomavirus (hpv) infection. chlamydial infection ... | 2012 | 22646503 |
| understanding trends in genital chlamydia trachomatis can benefit from enhanced surveillance: findings from australia. | to determine trends and correlates of chlamydia positivity among young heterosexuals attending australian sexual health services and to compare these with population-based notification data. | 2012 | 22645390 |
| interest of simultaneous chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae screening at the time of preabortion consultation. | this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) infection among women consulting for abortion and to discuss screening for these pathogens in this population. | 2012 | 22633246 |
| prevalence of hiv and sexually transmitted infections and patterns of recent hiv testing among men who have sex with men in zagreb, croatia. | to determine the prevalence of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections (stis) among men who have sex with men (msm) in zagreb, croatia, and assess correlates of testing for hiv in the past 12 months. | 2012 | 22628664 |
| [prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and mycoplasma genitalium infections in the emergency department]. | to estimate the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and mycoplasma genitalium (mg) in patients under 31 years of age admitted to the emergency department of the university hospital of montpellier, for which a urinalysis was performed. | 2013 | 22627011 |
| the early gene product euo is a transcriptional repressor that selectively regulates promoters of chlamydia late genes. | the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia has an unusual developmental cycle in which there is conversion between two forms that are specialized for either intracellular replication or propagation of the infection to a new host cell. expression of late chlamydial genes is upregulated during conversion from the replicating to the infectious form, but the mechanism for this temporal regulation is unknown. we found that euo, which is expressed from an early gene, binds to two sites upstream of ... | 2012 | 22624851 |
| chlamydial and gonococcal testing during pregnancy in the united states. | the objective of the study was to estimate the rates of testing, prevalence, and follow-up testing for chlamydial and gonococcal infection in a nationally based population that is comparable with the us pregnant population in terms of age and race. | 2012 | 22621817 |
| comparison of four serological assays for the diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis in subfertile women. | chlamydia antibody testing (cat) in serum has been introduced as a screening method in the infertility workup. we evaluated the test characteristics of two elisa tests compared to micro-immunofluorescence tests (mifs). mifs are considered the gold standard in the c. trachomatis igg antibodies detection. we also compared the accuracy of all cat tests in predicting tubal subfertility, using laparoscopy as a reference. | 2012 | 22610705 |
| the utility of wet prep in predicting neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis. | diagnosing chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) cervical infections can be difficult in the emergency department without real-time testing, as historical and physical elements are known to be unreliable. | 2012 | 22595630 |
| chlamydia trachomatis infections among women attending prenatal clinics: united states, 2004-2009. | chlamydia screening practices, positivity, and trends from 2004 to 2009 in publicly funded prenatal clinics have not been described. | 2012 | 22592825 |
| eukaryotic protein recruitment into the chlamydia inclusion: implications for survival and growth. | chlamydia trachomatis (ct) is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that multiplies within a parasitophorous vacuole called an inclusion. we report that the location of several host-cell proteins present in the cytosol, the nucleus, and membranes was altered during ct development. the acyl-coa synthetase enzyme acsl3 and the soluble acyl-coa binding protein acbd6 were mobilized from organelle membranes and the nucleus, respectively, into the lumen of the inclusion. the nuclear protein znf23, ... | 2012 | 22590624 |
| association of hpv infection and chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity in cases of cervical neoplasia in midwest brazil. | high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) is considered the main etiological agent for cervical neoplasia. however, the presence of a single type hpv infection alone is unlikely to be sufficient to cause cervical cancer. there is epidemiologic evidence suggesting that hpv and chlamydia trachomatis play a central role in the etiology of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and subsequent cervical cancer. to evaluate the hpv prevalence and the seropositivity for c. trachomatis in women referred to the co ... | 2012 | 22585734 |
| the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection in australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted infection in australia. this report aims to measure the burden of chlamydia infection by systematically reviewing reports on prevalence in australian populations. | 2012 | 22583480 |
| effect of il12a and il12b polymorphisms on the risk of chlamydia trachomatis-induced tubal factor infertility and disease severity. | interleukin-12 (il-12) and related cytokines induce activation and differentiation of t cells. our aim was to investigate the associations between genetic differences in il-12-family cytokines and the pathogenesis of chlamydial disease. | 2012 | 22581790 |
| determinants of sexual network structure and their impact on cumulative network measures. | there are four major quantities that are measured in sexual behavior surveys that are thought to be especially relevant for the performance of sexual network models in terms of disease transmission. these are (i) the cumulative distribution of lifetime number of partners, (ii) the distribution of partnership durations, (iii) the distribution of gap lengths between partnerships, and (iv) the number of recent partners. fitting a network model to these quantities as measured in sexual behavior surv ... | 2012 | 22570594 |
| the correlation of the lifestyle and medical conditions with the vaginal infections and production of 2-phenylethanol. | the objective of this study was determination of causative factors of the genital infections and their correlation with various predictor variables. secondary objectives included: (1) determination of the presence and the type of low molecular weight metabolites in the samples of vaginal secretion formed in vivo, (2) determination of the concentration of 2-phenylethanol formed in vitro for each candida species, (3) determination of the relationship between fungal/bacterial/viral infections with ... | 2012 | 22569709 |
| [perinatal transmission of chlamydia trachomatis and its complication in preterm infants]. | chlamydia trachomatis is the most common agent of sexually transmitted infections. in pregnant women it can cause premature delivery. in newborns the clinical manifestation are pneumonia and conjunctivitis. | 2012 | 22568356 |
| low prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection in non-urban pregnant women in vellore, s. india. | to determine the prevalence and risk factors for chlamydia trachomatis (ct) infection in pregnant women and the rate of transmission of ct to infants. | 2012 | 22567090 |
| comparison between ict and pcr for diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis. | chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium which is the most prevalent cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (sti). the present study was carried to diagnose genital chlamydia trachomatis infection among women of reproductive age, attending mymensingh medical college hospital, during july 2009 to june 2010 by immunochromatographic test (ict) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 70 females were included in this study. out of 70 cases 56 were ... | 2012 | 22561757 |
| prevalence of cervical chlamydia trachomatis infection in sexually active adolescents from salvador, brazil. | the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents is increasing worldwide. genital chlamydia trachomatis infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases in young women, and undetected disease is highly associated with long-term complications in women. our goal was to determine the prevalence of cervical chlamydia trachomatis infection in a sexually active population of female adolescents from salvador, brazil, and to describe their socio-demographic, behaviora ... | 2017 | 22552464 |
| community risk factors for ocular chlamydia infection in niger: pre-treatment results from a cluster-randomized trachoma trial. | trachoma control programs utilize mass azithromycin distributions to treat ocular chlamydia trachomatis as part of an effort to eliminate this disease world-wide. but it remains unclear what the community-level risk factors are for infection. | 2012 | 22545165 |
| decline of the new swedish variant of chlamydia trachomatis after introduction of appropriate testing. | the longitudinal epidemiological development of the new variant of chlamydia trachomatis was studied after appropriate testing procedures had been introduced when the strain was detected in 2006. | 2012 | 22544308 |
| diagnostics, surveillance and management of sexually transmitted infections in europe have to be improved: lessons from the european conference of national strategies for chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus (nscp conference) in latvia, 2011. | there is an urgent need for the recognition of sexually transmitted infections (stis) as a serious public health problem in europe. the lack of standardization in testing, along with poor reporting and surveillance mechanisms, have resulted in low reported rates of stis in many european union (eu) countries, reinforcing the erroneous assumption that stis are not a major problem. testing and diagnosis of stis must therefore be improved and enhanced. | 2013 | 22541067 |
| the evaluation of the infection with chlamydia trachomatis of the female population in the suceava area, romania. | | 2013 | 22540376 |
| chlamydia and gonorrhoea contamination of clinic surfaces. | nucleic acid amplification tests, with their ability to detect very small amounts of nucleic acid, have become the principle diagnostic tests for chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc) in many sexual health clinics. the aim of this study was to investigate the extent of surface contamination with ct and gc within a city centre sexual health clinic and to evaluate the potential for contamination of containers used for the collection of self-taken swabs. | 2012 | 22535909 |
| pelvic inflammatory disease. | pelvic inflammatory disease is a polymicrobial infection of the upper genital tract. it primarily affects young, sexually active women. the diagnosis is made clinically; no single test or study is sensitive or specific enough for a definitive diagnosis. pelvic inflammatory disease should be suspected in at-risk patients who present with pelvic or lower abdominal pain with no identified etiology, and who have cervical motion, uterine, or adnexal tenderness. chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gon ... | 2012 | 22534388 |
| chlamydia trachomatis antigens recognized in women with tubal factor infertility, normal fertility, and acute infection. | to identify chlamydia trachomatis antigens associated with tubal factor infertility and acute infection. | 2012 | 22525912 |
| derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline--antibacterial agents that target intra- and extracellular gram-negative pathogens. | small molecule screening identified 5-nitro-7-((4-phenylpiperazine-1-yl-)methyl)quinolin-8-ol inp1750 as a putative inhibitor of type iii secretion (t3s) in the gram-negative pathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis. in this study we report structure-activity relationships for inhibition of t3s and show that the most potent compounds target both the extracellular bacterium y. pseudotuberculosis and the intracellular pathogen chlamydia trachomatis in cell-based infection models. | 2012 | 22525317 |
| genotyping of chlamydia trachomatis in rectal and pharyngeal specimens: identification of lgv genotypes in finland. | lymphogranuloma venereum (lgv) infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis l types have recently emerged in europe among hiv-positive men having sex with men. our aim was to introduce a genotyping strategy suitable for a diagnostic laboratory using nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) for detection of c trachomatis and to investigate the prevalence of lgv types in rectal and pharyngeal specimens in finland. | 2012 | 22517888 |
| what is the appropriate treatment for the management of rectal chlamydia trachomatis in men and women? | there is no uk guidance specifically for the management of rectal chlamydia trachomatis yet there is documented treatment failure with single-dose azithromycin suggesting that test of cure (toc) and alternative treatment may be needed. | 2012 | 22517887 |
| chlamydia trachomatis serovar l2 infection model using human lymphoid jurkat cells. | chlamydia trachomatis l2 invasively attacks lymphatic and subepithelial tissues of the genital tract during the formation of primary lesions. this subsequently results in lymphadenopathy, and suggests a greater propensity for systemic dissemination. however, whether lymphocytes are a potential vehicle cell for the dissemination of this infection remains unknown. we therefore assessed the growth properties of c. trachomatis l2 in lymphoid jurkat cells compared with those observed in epithelial he ... | 2012 | 22516802 |
| differential effects of dna supercoiling on chlamydia early promoters correlate with expression patterns in midcycle. | changes in dna supercoiling levels during the chlamydial developmental cycle have been proposed as a global mechanism to upregulate midcycle genes, but the effects on early genes are not known. we examined the promoters for 10 chlamydia trachomatis early genes and found that they could be separated into two subsets based on their responses to dna supercoiling in vitro. furthermore, the type of supercoiling response correlated with the in vivo expression pattern for each early gene. one subset of ... | 2012 | 22505684 |
| sensitivity of 20-minute voiding intervals in men testing for chlamydia trachomatis. | men are recommended to not urinate for at least 1 hour before urine testing for chlamydia trachomatis, but some studies have shown that recent urination does not impact test sensitivity for nucleic acid amplification tests. the objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of chlamydia testing using samples obtained 20-minutes post void. | 2012 | 22504609 |
| towards more robust estimates of the transmissibility of chlamydia trachomatis. | there is a lack of a common concept on how to estimate transmissibility of chlamydia trachomatis from cross-sectional sexual partnership studies. using a mathematical model that takes into account the dynamics of chlamydia transmission and sexual partnership formation, we report refined estimates of chlamydia transmissibility in heterosexual partnerships. | 2012 | 22504608 |
| rectal self-sampling in non-clinical venues for detection of sexually transmissible infections among behaviourally bisexual men. | rectal sexually transmissible infections are a common health concern for men who have sex with men but little is known about these infections among men who have sex with both men and women. self-obtained rectal specimens were collected from a diverse sample of behaviourally bisexual men. from a total sample of 75 bisexual men, 58 collected specimens. a relatively high prevalence of rectal chlamydia trachomatis infection was found. participants who collected specimens reported overall acceptabili ... | 2012 | 22498165 |
| sexual behaviour of inmates with chlamydia trachomatis infection in the prisons of catalonia, spain. | to determine the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and high risk factors for acquisition in preventive prisoners in catalonia. | 2012 | 22498164 |
| men's attitudes towards chlamydia screening: a narrative review. | chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmissible infection (sti) that affects significant numbers of men. research on men's perspectives on chlamydia screening (or testing) has been limited. we conducted a narrative review to examine: (1) what factors encourage or discourage men from attending health services for chlamydia screening, and/or from accepting screening once it has been offered to them, and (2) where men want chlamydia screening services to be located. | 2012 | 22498155 |
| engineered phage-based therapeutic materials inhibit chlamydia trachomatis intracellular infection. | developing materials that are effective against sexually transmitted pathogens such as chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and hiv-1 is challenging both in terms of material selection and improving bio-membrane and cellular permeability at desired mucosal sites. here, we engineered the prokaryotic bacterial virus (m13 phage) carrying two functional peptides, integrin binding peptide (rgd) and a segment of the polymorphic membrane protein d (pmpd) from ct, as a phage-based material that can ameliorate ct ... | 2012 | 22494890 |
| prevalence of pharyngeal chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae among heterosexual men in japan. | pharyngeal chlamydial and gonococcal infections can occur as a consequence of oral sex, and they also can be transmitted from the pharynx to the genital tract of sex partners. there have been many reports on the prevalence of pharyngeal chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in men who have sex with men; however, there have been few reports on the prevalence of these pathogens in the pharynges of heterosexual men. in this study, we determined the prevalence of pharyngeal c. trachomatis ... | 2012 | 22491994 |
| prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis endocervical infection in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and evaluation of the risk for hpv-induced lesions. | chlamydia trachomatis (ct) is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted disease. it has been associated with arthritis and it is a risk factor for human papillomavirus (hpv)-induced lesions. there are few studies on the frequency of ct infection among systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) patients. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of endocervical ct infection among sle patients and evaluate whether or not ct infection is a risk factor for hpv-induced lesions. a cr ... | 2013 | 22484838 |
| mycoplasma genitalium in cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease among women at a gynecologic outpatient service. | we sought to analyze the prevalence and clinical manifestations of mycoplasma genitalium infection in a heterogeneous population of women. | 2012 | 22483084 |
| hospital-diagnosed late sequelae after female chlamydia trachomatis infections in 1990-2006 in turku, finland. | rather little is known about the late sequelae of previously detected female chlamydia infections. | 2012 | 22472364 |
| frequency of chlamydia trachomatis in ureaplasma-positive healthy women attending their first prenatal visit in a community hospital in sapporo, japan. | although chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly reported pathogen that causes urogenital infection such as urethritis or cervicitis, ureaplasma parvum and ureaplasma urealyticum, which are commensals in the genital tract, have also now been recognized as contributors to urogenital infection. however, whether the presence of either u. parvum or u. urealyticum is related to that of c. trachomatis in the urogenital tract remains unknown. we therefore attempted to estimate by pcr the prevalence ... | 2012 | 22471518 |
| multilocus sequence typing of genital chlamydia trachomatis in norway reveals multiple new sequence types and a large genetic diversity. | the chlamydia trachomatis incidence rate in finnmark, the most northern and sparsely populated county in norway, has been twice the national average. this population based cross-sectional study among finnmark high school students had the following aims: i) to examine distribution of multilocus sequence types (sts) of c. trachomatis in a previously unmapped area, ii) to compare chlamydia genetic diversity in finnmark with that of two urban regions, and iii) to compare discriminatory capacity of m ... | 2012 | 22470572 |
| chlamydia trachomatis test-of-cure cannot be based on a single highly sensitive laboratory test taken at least 3 weeks after treatment. | current test-of-cure practice in patients with chlamydia trachomatis (ct) infection is to confirm cure with a single test taken at least 3 weeks after treatment. effectiveness of single-time-point testing however lacks a scientific evidence basis and the high sensitivity of laboratory assays nowadays in use for this purpose may compromise the clinical significance of their results. prospectively following 59 treated ct infections, administering care as usual, the presence of ct plasmid dna and r ... | 2012 | 22470526 |
| evaluation of the new test versant ct/gc dna 1.0 assay for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in urine specimens. | chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc) are the two most common sexually transmitted bacterial infections in developed countries. the purpose of the present study was evaluating a new system for ct/gc detection in urine specimens. a total of 700 urine specimens were obtained from patients attending the std outpatients clinic of st. orsola university hospital, bologna, italy. samples were tested by versant® ct/gc dna 1.0 assay (siemens healthcare diagnostics inc., tarrytown, ny) ... | 2012 | 22467321 |
| chlamydia trachomatis tarp cooperates with the arp2/3 complex to increase the rate of actin polymerization. | actin polymerization is required for chlamydia trachomatis entry into nonphagocytic host cells. host and chlamydial actin nucleators are essential for internalization of chlamydiae by eukaryotic cells. the host cell arp2/3 complex and the chlamydial translocated actin recruiting phosphoprotein (tarp) are both required for entry. tarp and the arp2/3 complex exhibit unique actin polymerization kinetics individually, but the molecular details of how these two actin nucleators cooperate to promote b ... | 2012 | 22465117 |
| genome-wide recombination in chlamydia trachomatis. | a new study reports comparative genomic analysis of 52 geographically diverse strains of chlamydia trachomatis. the authors reconstruct a genome-wide phylogeny of the species and report extensive genome-wide recombination across multiple lineages of this intracellular bacterial pathogen. | 2012 | 22456736 |
| development of multiplex real-time quantitative pcr for simultaneous detection of chlamydia trachomatis and ureaplasma parvum. | chlamydia trachomatis and ureaplasma urealyticum are common pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases. the majority of human ureaplasma isolates belong to the new species u. parvum. clinically, c. trachomatis and u. parvum usually double infect in the nongonococcal urethritis patients. a novel method for simultaneous detection of c. trachomatis and u. parvum was set up in the present work. | 2012 | 22449336 |
| chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium and ureaplasma urealyticum among students in northern norway. | the prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium and ureaplasma genitalium in populations outside sexually transmitted infection clinics in norway is unknown. | 2013 | 22449180 |
| the first performance report for the bio-rad dx ct/ng/mg assay for simultaneous detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and mycoplasma genitalium in urogenital samples. | we evaluated the clinical performance of the bio-rad dx ct/ng/mg assay for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium and neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital samples in comparison with the roche cobas® taqman® ct assay for c. trachomatis and an in-house taqman pcr assay for m. genitalium. swab specimens were cultured for n. gonorrhoeae. in this prospective study, urogenital samples were obtained from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients attending the sexually transmitted dise ... | 2012 | 22446590 |
| [withdrawn: prevalence and associated factors of chlamydia trachomatis infection in young prisoners of catalonia, spain.] | | 2012 | 22440143 |
| safety and efficacy of wc2031 versus vibramycin for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital chlamydia trachomatis infection: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, multicenter trial. | recent studies have raised concern about efficacy of azithromycin for chlamydia trachomatis infection. research investigating new antibiotic regimens for chlamydia has been sparse, especially regimens that may reduce adherence difficulties with the recommended twice-daily doxycycline regimen. | 2012 | 22431798 |
| sexual behaviours, knowledge and attitudes regarding safe sex, and prevalence of non-viral sexually transmitted infections among attendees of youth clinics in st. petersburg, russia. | adolescents and young adults are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (stis). knowledge of sti prevalence and risk factors are essential tools to elaborate preventive strategies. however, internationally reported studies on epidemiology of stis among the youth in russia are mainly lacking. | 2013 | 22429498 |