| [brill-symmers giant follicular lymphoma localized in pelvic lymph nodes]. | | 2016 | 4882834 |
| supraclavicular catheterization of the superior vena cava. | | 2016 | 4836144 |
| theory of competitive binding of iron by different transferrins. | | 2016 | 4824920 |
| an analysis of meningitis cases admitted to strathclyde hospital, motherwell 1949-71. | | 2016 | 4794861 |
| [lung function scintigraphy using 133 xenon. methods and first results]. | | 2016 | 4739596 |
| [total invagination of the appendix, simulating a cecal neoplasm]. | | 2016 | 4714895 |
| coinfection of tick cell lines has variable effects on replication of intracellular bacterial and viral pathogens. | ticks transmit various human and animal microbial pathogens and may harbour more than one pathogen simultaneously. both viruses and bacteria can trigger, and may subsequently suppress, vertebrate host and arthropod vector anti-microbial responses. microbial coinfection of ticks could lead to an advantage or disadvantage for one or more of the microorganisms. in this preliminary study, cell lines derived from the ticks ixodes scapularis and ixodes ricinus were infected sequentially with 2 arthrop ... | 2014 | 24685441 |
| molecular detection of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens from ticks collected from ruminants in four south african provinces. | ticks carry and transmit a remarkable array of pathogens including bacteria, protozoa and viruses, which may be of veterinary and/or of medical significance. with little to no information regarding the presence of tick-borne zoonotic pathogens or their known vectors in southern africa, the aim of our study was to screen for anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, coxiella burnetii, rickettsia species and ehrlichia ruminantium in ticks collected and identified from ruminants in the easte ... | 2015 | 26227797 |
| proteomic profiling of the outer membrane fraction of the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen ehrlichia ruminantium. | the outer membrane proteins (omps) of gram-negative bacteria play a crucial role in virulence and pathogenesis. identification of these proteins represents an important goal for bacterial proteomics, because it aids in vaccine development. here, we have developed such an approach for ehrlichia ruminantium, the obligate intracellular bacterium that causes heartwater. a preliminary whole proteome analysis of elementary bodies, the extracellular infectious form of the bacterium, had been performed ... | 2015 | 25710494 |
| economic game theory to model the attenuation of virulence of an obligate intracellular bacterium. | diseases induced by obligate intracellular pathogens have a large burden on global human and animal health. understanding the factors involved in the virulence and fitness of these pathogens contributes to the development of control strategies against these diseases. based on biological observations, a theoretical model using game theory is proposed to explain how obligate intracellular bacteria interact with their host. the equilibrium in such a game shows that the virulence and fitness of the ... | 2016 | 27610355 |
| multiple pathogens including potential new species in tick vectors in côte d'ivoire. | our study aimed to assess the presence of different pathogens in ticks collected in two regions in côte d'ivoire. | 2016 | 26771308 |
| tick-borne pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance in nigerian cattle. | ticks and tick-borne diseases undermine cattle fitness and productivity in the whole of sub-saharan africa, including nigeria. in this west african country, cattle are challenged by numerous tick species, especially during the wet season. consequently, several tbds are known to be endemic in nigerian cattle, including anaplasmosis, babesiosis, cowdriosis and theilerioris (by theileria mutans and theileria velifera). to date, all investigations on cattle tbds in nigeria have been based on cytolog ... | 2016 | 27090756 |
| growth of ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in vector and non-vector ixodid tick cell lines. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by ehrlichia canis, a small gram-negative coccoid bacterium that infects circulating monocytes. the disease is transmitted by the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and is acknowledged as an important infectious disease of dogs and other members of the family canidae worldwide. e. canis is routinely cultured in vitro in the canine monocyte-macrophage cell line dh82 and in non-vector ixodes scapularis tick cell lines, but not in cells derived from ... | 2016 | 26837859 |
| theileria, babesia, and anaplasma detected by pcr in ruminant herds at bié province, angola. | distribution of anaplasma spp., babesia spp., theileria spp., and ehrlichia ruminantium, was for the first time studied in bié province, central angola. we examined 76 blood samples of cattle originated from seven farms, and 13 blood samples of goats from two farms employing molecular genetic tools (pcr). most prevalent was a. ovis-infection in goats (100%) and a. marginale-infection in cattle (38% of examined animals, and six out of seven farms). b. bigemina-infection was detected in only one s ... | 0 | 23193527 |
| recombination is a major driving force of genetic diversity in the anaplasmataceae ehrlichia ruminantium. | the disease, heartwater, caused by the anaplasmataceae e. ruminantium, represents a major problem for tropical livestock and wild ruminants. up to now, no effective vaccine has been available due to a limited cross protection of vaccinal strains on field strains and a high genetic diversity of ehrlichia ruminantium within geographical locations. to address this issue, we inferred the genetic diversity and population structure of 194 e. ruminantium isolates circulating worldwide using multilocus ... | 2016 | 27747194 |
| ehrlichia ruminantium infects rhipicephalus microplus in west africa. | the invasion of west africa by rhipicephalus microplus during the past decade has changed the ecological situation of the agent of heartwater ehrlichia ruminantium in this area. before, its local vector, amblyomma variegatum, was the most abundant tick species found on livestock. today, the abundance of the r. microplus is one magnitude higher than that of a. variegatum in many west-african localities. we investigated the potential of this new ecological situation to impact the circulation of e. ... | 2016 | 27334439 |
| tick-borne haemoparasites in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) from two wildlife areas in northern botswana. | the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) is a host for many pathogens known to cause economically important diseases and is often considered an important reservoir for livestock diseases. theileriosis, heartwater, babesiosis and anaplasmosis are considered the most important tick-borne diseases of livestock in sub-saharan africa, resulting in extensive economic losses to livestock farmers in endemic areas. information on the distribution of tick-borne diseases and ticks is scarce in northern botswa ... | 2015 | 25589064 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of clinical "candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis" strains from europe. | "candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis" is the tick-borne agent of neoehrlichiosis, an infectious disease that primarily affects immunocompromised patients. so far, the genetic variability of "ca. neoehrlichia" has been studied only by comparing 16s rrna genes and groel operon sequences. we describe the development and use of a multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) protocol to characterize the genetic diversity of clinical "ca. neoehrlichia" strains in europe and their relatedness to other species wi ... | 2015 | 26157152 |
| the role of cd8 t lymphocytes in rickettsial infections. | arthropod-borne obligately intracellular bacteria pose a difficult challenge to the immune system. the genera rickettsia, orientia, ehrlichia, and anaplasma evolved mechanisms of immune evasion, and each interacts differently with the immune system. the roles of cd8 t cells include protective immunity and immunopathology. in rickettsia infections, cd8 t cells are protective mediated in part by cytotoxicity toward infected cells. in contrast, tnf-α overproduction by cd8 t cells is pathogenic in l ... | 2015 | 25823954 |
| molecular diagnosis and genetic diversity of tick-borne anaplasmataceae agents infecting the african buffalo syncerus caffer from marromeu reserve in mozambique. | tick-borne diseases (tbds) are very important in relation to domestic ruminants, but their occurrence among wild ruminants, mainly in the african buffalo syncerus caffer, remains little known. | 2016 | 27531003 |
| draft genome sequences of three strains of ehrlichia ruminantium, a tick-borne pathogen of ruminants, isolated from zimbabwe, the gambia, and ghana. | the rickettsial bacterium ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative pathogen of heartwater in ruminants. here, we report the draft genome sequences of three strains of e. ruminantium, namely, the crystal springs strain from zimbabwe, the kerr seringe strain from the gambia, and the sankat 430 strain from ghana. | 2016 | 27313287 |
| the epidemiology of tick-borne haemoparasites as determined by the reverse line blot hybridization assay in an intensively studied cohort of calves in western kenya. | the development of sensitive surveillance technologies using pcr-based detection of microbial dna, such as the reverse line blot assay, can facilitate the gathering of epidemiological information on tick-borne diseases, which continue to hamper the productivity of livestock in many parts of africa and elsewhere. we have employed a reverse line blot assay to detect the prevalence of tick-borne parasites in an intensively studied cohort of indigenous calves in western kenya. the calves were recrui ... | 2015 | 25858115 |
| geographic range of vector-borne infections and their vectors: the role of african wildlife. | the role of african wildlife in the occurrence of vector-borne infections in domestic animals has gained renewed interest as emerging and re-emerging infections occur worldwide at an increasing rate. in africa, biodiversity conservation and the expansion of livestock production have increased the risk of transmitting vector-borne infections between wildlife and livestock. the indigenous african pathogens with transboundary potential, such as rift valley fever virus, african horse sickness virus, ... | 2015 | 26470454 |
| development of a new pcr-based assay to detect anaplasmataceae and the first report of anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma platys in cattle from algeria. | bovine anaplasmosis is a hemoparasitic disease considered as a major constraint to cattle production in many countries. this pathology is at least partially caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum, anaplasma marginale, anaplasma centrale, and anaplasma bovis. the global threat and emergence of these species in animals require the reliable identification of these bacteria in animal samples. in this study, we developed a new qpcr tool targeting the 23s rrna gene for the detection of anaplasmataceae ba ... | 2015 | 25748051 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. l. ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys. | the aim of the study was to determine the species spectrum of ixodid ticks that infest horses and donkeys in south africa and to identify those species that act as vectors of disease to domestic livestock. ticks were collected opportunistically from 391 horses countrywide by their owners or grooms, or by veterinary students and staff at the faculty of veterinary science, university of pretoria. ticks were also collected from 76 donkeys in limpopo province, 2 in gauteng province and 1 in north we ... | 2017 | 28281774 |
| a comparison of dna extraction protocols from blood spotted on fta cards for the detection of tick-borne pathogens by reverse line blot hybridization. | an essential step in the molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens (tbps) in blood is the extraction of dna. when cooled storage of blood under field conditions prior to dna extraction in a dedicated laboratory is not possible, the storage of blood on filter paper forms a promising alternative. we evaluated six dna extraction methods from blood spotted on fta classic(®) cards (fta cards), to determine the optimal protocol for the subsequent molecular detection of tbps by pcr and the reverse li ... | 2017 | 27825733 |
| molecular screening for anaplasmataceae in ticks and tsetse flies from ethiopia. | hard ticks and tsetse flies are regarded as the most important vectors of disease agents in sub-saharan africa. with the aim of screening these blood-sucking arthropods for vector-borne pathogens belonging to the family anaplasmataceae in south-western ethiopia, four species of tsetse flies (collected by traps) and seven species of ixodid ticks (removed from cattle) were molecularly analysed. dna was extracted from 296 individual ticks and from 162 individuals or pools of tsetse flies. besides k ... | 2016 | 26919143 |
| survey of ticks collected from tennessee cattle and their pastures for anaplasma and ehrlichia species. | anaplasma marginale is the causative agent for bovine anaplasmosis (ba) and ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent for heartwater, 2 devastating diseases of cattle. ba is common in the united states and frequently reported in western tennessee cattle; however, cases of heartwater are not yet established in the continental united states. because both pathogens are transmitted via the bites of infected ticks, the objective of this study was to survey cattle and pastures for ticks and for eac ... | 2016 | 26348980 |
| anaplasma, ehrlichia and rickettsial pathogens in ixodid ticks infesting cattle and sheep in western oromia, ethiopia. | although ticks are widely distributed in all agro-ecological zones of ethiopia, information on tick-borne pathogens is scarce. this study was conducted to determine the presence of anaplasma spp., ehrlichia spp., and rickettsia spp. in rhipicephalus evertsi and rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus collected from cattle and sheep at bako, western oromia, ethiopia, using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. anaplasma ovis and anaplasma spp., ehrlichia ruminantium and ehrlichia spp. were dete ... | 2016 | 27411938 |
| survey of anaplasmataceae bacteria in sheep from senegal. | the authors studied the role of bacteria belonging to anaplasmataceae family as the causes of acute illnesses of sheep in west africa. | 2013 | 23553260 |
| tick-borne pathogens of potential zoonotic importance in the southern african region. | the aim of this communication is to provide preliminary information on the tick-borne pathogens of potential zoonotic importance present in southern africa, mainly focusing on their geographical distribution and host range, and to identify research gaps. the following tick-borne zoonoses have been reported to occur in southern africa based mainly on case reports: crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever caused by crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus; ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia ruminantium, ehrli ... | 2014 | 25685942 |
| molecular epidemiological surveillance to assess emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne infections in tick samples from china evaluated by nested pcrs. | an investigation was performed to detect eight pathogens in ticks collected from grass tips or animals in the southern, central and northeast regions of china. dna samples extracted from ticks were collected from ten different locations in eight provinces of china and subjected to screening for tick-borne pathogens, including borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, ehrlichia spp., rickettsia spp., babesia/theileria spp., ehrlichia ruminantium, coxiella burnetii, and francisella tularensis, using nested ... | 2016 | 26943995 |
| development of a quantitative pcr assay for differentiating the agent of heartwater disease, ehrlichia ruminantium, from the panola mountain ehrlichia. | panola mountain ehrlichia (pme) is an emerging ehrlichia sp. reported in ten us states. based on the sequence homology of all known genes, pme is closely related to ehrlichia ruminantium (er), the causative agent of heartwater. heartwater is an economically important tick-borne disease of cattle, sheep and goats responsible for stock losses in sub-saharan africa. unfortunately, er was imported to the caribbean islands in the 19th century, and the presence of this foreign animal disease in the ca ... | 2016 | 25807955 |
| cellular immune responses induced <i>in vitro</i> by <i>ehrlichia ruminantium</i> secreted proteins and identification of vaccine candidate peptides. | secreted proteins are reported to induce cell-mediated immunity characterised by the production of interferon-gamma (ifn)-γ. in this study three open reading frames (orfs) (erum8060, erum7760, erum5000) encoding secreted proteins were selected from the ehrlichia ruminantium (welgevonden) genome sequence using bioinformatics tools to determine whether they induce a cellular immune response in vitro with mononuclear cells from needle and tick infected animals. the whole recombinant protein of the ... | 2016 | 27608502 |
| seroprevalence of ehrlichia ruminantium antibodies and its associated risk factors in indigenous goats of south africa. | the present study investigated the seroprevalence of antibodies to ehrlichia ruminantium and the associated risk factors in goats from five different farming provinces of south africa. sera collected from 686 goats of the commercial meat type (n=179), mohair type (n=9), non-descript indigenous goats from eastern cape (n=56), kwazulu-natal (n=209), limpopo (n=111), north west (n=61) and northern cape (n=11) provinces and a feral tankwa goat (n=50) were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin g ... | 2016 | 26829905 |
| comparative proteomic profiling of ehrlichia ruminantium pathogenic strain and its high-passaged attenuated strain reveals virulence and attenuation-associated proteins. | the obligate intracellular bacterium ehrlichia ruminantium (er) causes heartwater, a fatal tick-borne disease in livestock. in the field, er strains present different levels of virulence, limiting vaccine efficacy, for which the molecular basis remains unknown. moreover, there are no genetic tools currently available for er manipulation, thus limiting the knowledge of the genes/proteins that are essential for er pathogenesis and biology. as such, to identify proteins and/or mechanisms involved i ... | 2015 | 26691135 |
| heartwater--ehrlichia ruminantium infection. | summary heartwater is a notifiable disease that is listed by the world organisation for animal health. it is caused by ehrlichia ruminantium, an obligately intracellular gram-negative bacterium in the order rickettsiales and the family anaplasmataceae. the disease is borne byticks in the genus amblyomma and causes heartwater, or cowdriosis, in wild and domestic ruminants, primarily in africa, but also in parts of the caribbean. the disease was recognised in south africa in the 19th century and d ... | 2015 | 26601456 |
| molecular-genetic and ultrastructural characteristics of 'candidatus ehrlichia khabarensis', a new member of the ehrlichia genus. | recently, a new ehrlichia genetic variant, ehrlichia sp. khabarovsk, was identified in tissue samples of small mammals captured in the russian far east. to further characterize ehrlichia sp. khabarovsk, tissue homogenate from a naturally infected gray red-backed vole (myodes rufocanus) was passaged three times in newborn laboratory mice. using nested pcr ehrlichia sp. khabarovsk dna was detected in tissue samples from infected mice at 1-4 weeks post inoculation. electron microscopic examination ... | 2015 | 26096852 |
| a user-friendly and scalable process to prepare a ready-to-use inactivated vaccine: the example of heartwater in ruminants under tropical conditions. | the use of cheap and thermoresistant vaccines in poor tropical countries for the control of animal diseases is a key issue. our work aimed at designing and validating a process for the large-scale production of a ready-to-use inactivated vaccine for ruminants. our model was heartwater caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium ehrlichia ruminantium (er). the conventional inactivated vaccine against heartwater (based on whole bacteria inactivated with sodium azide) is prepared immediately bef ... | 2015 | 25514207 |
| improved molecular detection of ehrlichia and anaplasma species applied to amblyomma ticks collected from cattle and sheep in ethiopia. | detection of ehrlichia and anaplasma species in animals and tick vectors is crucial for an understanding of the epidemiology of diseases caused by these pathogens. in this study, a pair of primers designated ebr2 and ebr3 was designed from the anaplasma 16s rdna sequence and was used along with a previously described primer ehr 16sd for the simultaneous detection of ehrlichia and anaplasma species by nested pcr. the primers were used to amplify 925bp of dna from known species of ehrlichia and an ... | 2015 | 25438799 |
| genetic diversity of <i>ehrlichia ruminantium</i> strains in cameroon. | in order to investigate the extent of genetic diversity among ehrlichia ruminantium strains in cameroon, a partial fragment (800 bp) of the e. ruminantium map1 gene was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction in 121 of 156 e. ruminantium pcs20-positive dna samples extracted from ticks and cattle collected from two ranches. deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing of the map1 gene products indicated the presence of at least 21 genotypes at the nucleotide level and 16 genotypes at the amino acid lev ... | 2014 | 28235281 |
| an assessment of zoonotic and production limiting pathogens in rusa deer (cervus timorensis rusa) from mauritius. | a population of approximately 70,000 rusa deer (cervus timorensis russa) represents the most important mammal species reared for food on the island of mauritius, being the main source of red meat for the local population. however, very limited information is available on the circulation of pathogens affecting the productivity and health of this species. to produce baseline data on the circulation of infectious pathogens in rusa deer under production, a serological survey and/or direct pathogen d ... | 2014 | 24382104 |
| novel ehrlichia and hepatozoon agents infecting the crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous) in southeastern brazil. | this study evaluated infection by vector-borne agents in 58 crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous l.) that were road-killed in an atlantic rainforest reserve in the state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil. spleen, lung, or blood samples collected from the foxes were tested in the laboratory by a battery of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays targeting bacteria of the genera rickettsia, borrelia, coxiella, anaplasma, and ehrlichia; and protozoa of the genera babesia, hepatozoon, and leishmania ... | 2013 | 23802461 |
| opportunities in diagnostic and vaccine approaches to mitigate potential heartwater spreading and impact on the american mainland. | heartwater, caused by the rickettsiales ehrlichia ruminantium (er), is a tropical tick-borne disease of wild and domestic ruminants, transmitted by amblyomma ticks. it causes significant economic losses due to high mortality and the high cost of antibiotic treatment of affected animals, limiting herd productivity. it is present in sub-saharan africa, islands in the indian ocean and two caribbean islands (guadeloupe and antigua) from where it threatens the american mainland due to risk of the spr ... | 2013 | 23689897 |
| identification and characterization of sialidase-like activity in the developmental stages of amblyomma variegatum. | amblyomma variegatum f. are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of livestock that serve as the vectors of ehrlichia ruminantium (formerly known as cowdria ruminantium), the causative agent of heartwater disease. in the light of the fact that they are blood-feeding, their salivary glands play prominent role in their acquisition of nutrients from the bloodmeal. sialic acids are a major component of glycoprotein in mammalian blood fluid and cells. sialome of hard ticks is still sparse. here, for t ... | 2013 | 23427656 |
| prevalence of ehrlichia ruminantium in adult amblyomma variegatum collected from cattle in cameroon. | ehrlichia ruminantium, the etiologic agent of the economically important disease heartwater, is an obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma, particularly a. hebraeum and a. variegatum. although serologic and microscopic evidence of the presence of heartwater have been reported in ruminants in cameroon, knowledge of e. ruminantium infection in the tick vector, a. variegatum, is lacking. in order to determine the infectivity of a. variegatum ticks by e. ruminant ... | 2013 | 22833099 |
| ticks and tick-borne pathogens in livestock from nomadic herds in the somali region, ethiopia. | between may 2006 and january 2007, blood samples and ticks were randomly collected from 220 nomadic animals from filtu and dollo odo districts, libaan zone, in the somali region of ethiopia. overall, 81.5% cattle, 98.2% camels, 53.4% goats and 61.1% sheep were infested by ixodid ticks. collected ticks (n = 1,036) were identified as rhipicephalus pulchellus (40.1%), r. pravus (25.8%), amblyomma gemma (9.4%), hyalomma rufipes (13.3%), h. truncatum (2.8%), h. impeltatum (1.2%) and h. dromedarii (0. ... | 2012 | 22349943 |
| biological response of endothelial cells and its modulation by cytokines: prospects for therapy and bioprocesses. | endothelial cells are involved in important pathological situations. they could be the target for infectious processes as for example in cowdriosis, an important disease in cattle due to the rickettsia cowdria ruminantium prevalent in the south of the sahara. they are also connected to angiogenic processes related to tumor invasion.our results indicate that aids related kaposi sarcoma cells may be of endothelial origin. we conclude from our data the mobility of those cells, related to the expres ... | 1997 | 22358890 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne pathogen diversities in ticks from livestock and reptiles along the shores and adjacent islands of lake victoria and lake baringo, kenya. | although diverse tick-borne pathogens (tbps) are endemic to east africa, with recognized impact on human and livestock health, their diversity and specific interactions with tick and vertebrate host species remain poorly understood in the region. in particular, the role of reptiles in tbp epidemiology remains unknown, despite having been implicated with tbps of livestock among exported tortoises and lizards. understanding tbp ecologies, and the potential role of common reptiles, is critical for ... | 2017 | 28620610 |
| novel anaplasma and ehrlichia organisms infecting the wildlife of two regions of the brazilian amazon. | during 2009-2012, wild animals were sampled in the amazon biome of brazil. animal tissues and blood were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays targeting dna of the bacterial family anaplasmataceae (genera anaplasma, ehrlichia, wolbachia) and the genus borrelia. overall, 181 wild animals comprising 36 different species (2 reptiles, 5 birds, and 29 mammals) were sampled. all birds and reptiles were negative by all pcr assays, as well as all mammals for the borrelia pcr assay. anaplasmat ... | 2017 | 28690147 |
| prevalence of babesia spp., ehrlichia spp., and tick infestations in oklahoma black bears (ursus americanus). | american black bears (ursus americanus) are commonly infested with ticks throughout their range, but there are few surveys for tick-borne disease agents in bears. to characterize tick infestations and determine the prevalence of current infection with babesia spp. and past or current infection with ehrlichia spp. in newly re-established populations of black bears in east central and southeastern oklahoma, we identified adult (n=1,048) and immature (n=107) ticks recovered from bears (n=62). we ev ... | 2017 | 28657860 |