| transposon mutagenesis in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with a tn10 derivative. | a transposon mutagenesis procedure functional in the gram-negative swine pathogen actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was developed for the first time. the technique involved the use of a suicide conjugative plasmid, plof/km, carrying a mini-tn10 with an isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg)-inducible transposase located outside the mobile element (m. herrero, v. de lorenzo, and k. n. timmis, j. bacteriol. 172:6557-6567, 1990). the plasmid was mobilized from escherichia coli to a. pleuropneu ... | 1993 | 8396122 |
| experimental pneumonia of pigs infected with aujeszky's disease virus and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | experimental infections were induced out to examine whether aujeszky's disease virus (adv) infection in pigs results in a severe pneumonia by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. intranasal inoculation of adv (10(6.9) median tissue culture infective dose/head) in 4-month-old primary specific-pathogen-free pigs was followed by the inoculation of a. pleuropneumoniae type 1 (10(3.1) or 10(5.1) colony-forming-units/head). the pigs inoculated with adv alone developed clinical signs of aujeszky's disease ... | 1993 | 8399736 |
| protective effect of dihydroheptaprenol in combination with vaccine to experimental actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in guinea pigs and pigs. | we investigated the effects of dihydroheptaprenol (dhp) on resistance of guinea pigs and pigs inoculated with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (apn) vaccine to subsequent challenge with apn. guinea pigs with complement-fixation (cf) antibody titers of 1:8 and 1:16 after intramuscular (i.m.) inoculation with inactivated apn vaccine showed enhanced resistance to intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with a homologous apn strain (5 x 10(10) cfu/animal) when injected with dhp (20 mg/kg, i.m.) on the day b ... | 1993 | 8399745 |
| evaluation of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for serotyping actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates and detection of type-specific antigens in lungs of infected pigs. | a rapid, simple, and accurate counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique was developed for serotyping cultures of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as well as for detection of their type-specific antigens in the lung tissues of infected pigs. the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test correctly identified all of the reference antigens and more than 99% of 1,200 field isolates of a. pleuropneumoniae representing the 12 established serotypes within 1 h. counterimmunoelectrophoresis and coagglutination tests ... | 1993 | 8408552 |
| actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae rtx-toxins: uniform designation of haemolysins, cytolysins, pleurotoxin and their genes. | the three different pore-forming rtx-toxins of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are reviewed, and new and uniform designations for these toxins and their genes are proposed. the designation apxi (for actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae rtx-toxin i) is proposed for the rtx-toxin produced by the reference strains for serotypes 1, 5a, 5b, 9, 10 and 11, which was previously named haemolysin i (hlyi) or cytolysin i (clyi). this protein is strongly haemolytic and shows strong cytotoxic activity towards pig ... | 1993 | 8409915 |
| analysis of hemolysin operons in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | among the twelve different serotypes of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of swine pleuropneumonia, a strongly active hemolysin i (hlyi) is produced by serotypes which are particularly virulent, and less active hemolysin ii (hlyii) is produced by all serotypes except type 10. in the serotypes 1, 5a, 5b, 9, 10 and 11, which produce hlyi, the hemolysin (hly) operon consists of a structural hlyia gene, encoding pre-hlyi, an activator gene, hlyic, necessary for the activation of p ... | 1993 | 8423004 |
| molecular characterization of a protective outer membrane lipoprotein (omla) from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. | an expression library was constructed from an actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 clinical isolate using a plasmid vector. the library was screened with serum raised against the culture supernatant of this strain. one escherichia coli transformant which also reacted with convalescent serum was isolated and found to express a protein with an electrophoretic mobility of approximately 50,000. the a. pleuropneumoniae-derived dna encoding the protein was localized and characterized by nucleoti ... | 1993 | 8423086 |
| cloning and characterization of the actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-rtx-toxin iii (apxiii) gene. | to study the role of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-rtx-toxin iii (apxiii) in the pathogenesis of porcine pleuropneumonia, we cloned and characterized the gene encoding this toxin. for that purpose, we screened an expression library of genomic dna of serotype 8 with an apxiii-specific monoclonal antibody and isolated a 425-bp fragment of an immunoreactive clone. using this fragment as a probe, we identified and cloned an overlapping chromosomal nsii restriction fragment of 5.0 kbp. escherichia ... | 1993 | 8432615 |
| production and purification of a low molecular weight haemolysin produced by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. | an unstable haemolytic activity produced by a strain of serotype 1 of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was isolated when 1 per cent bovine serum albumin (bsa) was added to rpmi 1640 medium. bsa acts as a carrier molecule and stabilises activity. this haemolysin (bsa-haemolysin) was precipitated with ammonium sulphate, dialysed and lyophilised. of the species tested, bovine erythrocytes were the most susceptible to the bsa-haemolysin while mouse and rabbit erythrocytes were the least susceptible. ... | 1993 | 8434147 |
| antibodies against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in mucosal secretions and sera of infected pigs as demonstrated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | mucosal and serum antibodies against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 were demonstrable in an elisa which used whole bacterial cells as antigen. following experimental infection of pigs with a pleuropneumoniae serotype 2, specific antibodies against the bacteria were demonstrated in saliva and fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. there was a good correlation between the iga antibody titre in this fluid and serum. as a result of natural infection, iga antibodies were also demonstra ... | 1993 | 8434149 |
| blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 8. | a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 8 is described. the test is based upon a competitive reaction between the serum to be tested and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum prepared against serotype 8 and absorbed with whole cells of serotypes 3 and 6. the blocking elisa proved able to distinguish animals infected with serotype 8 from those infected with any other serotype of a. pleuropneumoniae including the ant ... | 1993 | 8451829 |
| incidence of infections in pigs bred for slaughter revealed by elevated serum levels of interferon and development of antibodies to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | pigs in three specialized fattening herds were studied with respect to some immune functions, viral infections revealed by presence of interferon-alpha in serum as well as bacterial infections indicated by antibodies to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. pigs from different breeders had signs of varying but low incidence of such infections. after transport to the fattening herds, viral infections were activated and spread during the first month, and a maximum of 19% of ... | 1993 | 8456565 |
| further characterization of pasteurella haemolytica-like bacteria isolated from swine enteritis. | dna-dna hybridization studies were conducted on six pasteurella haemolytica-like (phl) organisms recovered from cases of swine enteritis. chromosomal-enriched fractions of phl organisms served as the source of dna for southern blots or as whole-chromosomal dna probes. under stringent hybridization conditions, chromosomal dna probes of a prototype phl (strain 6213a) organism distinguished other phl organisms from pasteurella haemolytica types a1 and t3, pasteurella multiocida types a:1 and a:3, e ... | 1993 | 8460470 |
| a cryptic dna sequence, isolated from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, confers a hemolytic activity upon escherichia coli k12 strains. | a hemolytic recombinant clone on escherichia coli was obtained from a genomic library of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. the clone possessed a recombinant plasmid, phly1, carrying an insert dna of 1 kilobases. a 21 kilodaltons protein, which is assumed to be a fusion protein with a tetracycline resistant protein of pbr322, was encoded by phly1. the nucleotide sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence were different from those of the previously reported hemolysin genes of a. pleuropneumoniae. ... | 1993 | 8461417 |
| pleuropneumonia in missouri swine. | | 1993 | 8466964 |
| effect of subclinical infection with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in commingled feeder swine. | sequential serologic analysis for actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was done on 240 commingled feeder swine at 1 and 21 days after purchase and at slaughter. at the beginning of the experiment, mean weight of the pigs was 18.6 kg, and the pigs were maintained to a mean slaughter weight of 109.95 kg. a fourfold increase in antibody titer against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was demonstrated in 28 (12%) pigs. mean adjusted rate of gain for infected pigs was 0.74 +/- 0.10 kg/d and 0.77 +/- 0.09 kg ... | 1993 | 8473222 |
| safety, stability, and efficacy of noncapsulated mutants of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae for use in live vaccines. | clonal, noniridescent mutants of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5 were isolated following chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate. the absence of any detectable capsule was confirmed by inhibition radioimmunoassay. there were no differences between the parent and mutant strains in lipopolysaccharide or protein electrophoretic profiles or in hemolytic activity. there was no detectable reversion to the encapsulated phenotype in vitro after passage in mice or pigs or in mi ... | 1993 | 8478056 |
| in vitro susceptibility of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains to 42 antimicrobial agents. | minimal inhibitory concentration of 42 antimicrobial agents was determined against 57 field strains of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pigs in spain. penicillins, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines had irregular activity; ticarcillin, tobramycin, and doxycycline were the most active of each group, respectively. macrolides, vancomycin, dapsone, and tiamulin, to which strains had high rate of resistance, were almost ineffective. thiamphenicol, colistin, rifampin, fosfomycin, mupiroci ... | 1993 | 8484573 |
| the influence of age and health status on the serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein level of conventional and specific pathogen-free pigs. | serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1ag) was measured in 212 landrace white pigs between birth and finishing age. the alpha 1ag level of healthy pigs five to ten months of age was 338 +/- 79 micrograms/ml, and the upper normal limit in mature swine has been established as 500 micrograms/ml. in both specific pathogen-free (spf) and conventional pigs, the alpha 1ag level within one day of birth was 14,263 +/- 2,393 micrograms/ml, 40 times the normal adult value, but rapidly decreased to 699 +/- ... | 1993 | 8490810 |
| molecular analysis of the actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae rtx toxin-iii gene cluster. | actinobacillus pleuropneumonia strains that secrete three different exotoxins (apxi, apxii, and apxiii) have been implicated in the etiology of porcine pleuropneumonia. to understand the role of these toxins in the pathogenesis of this disease, we have previously reported the cloning of the hemolysin gene (apxii) (chang et al., 1989a), which encodes a 110-kd polypeptide with hemolytic and cytotoxic activity. to clone the third toxin gene (apxiii), a new genomic library using a. pleuropneumoniae ... | 1993 | 8494611 |
| serotype identification of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. | rapid and accurate determination of the actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype involved in a disease outbreak is important both in limiting the severity of an outbreak and for tracing the source of the infecting organism. this study describes the use of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr) as a rapid, precise, and genetically based procedure to identify a. pleuropneumoniae. ap-pcr amplification of bacterial genomic dna results in specific dna profiles, which can be used to dif ... | 1993 | 8501215 |
| evaluation of the rapid nh system for identification of haemophilus somnus, pasteurella multocida, pasteurella haemolytica, and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from cattle and pigs with respiratory disease. | haemophilus somnus, pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae from cattle and pigs with respiratory disease were used to evaluate the rapid nh system (innovative diagnostics, atlanta, ga.). minor modifications of the rapid nh system to include animal source and growth requirements would permit the identification of all isolates tested. | 1993 | 8501242 |
| pleuropneumonia in swine associated with a urease-negative variant of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. | | 1993 | 8507708 |
| characterization of the actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype k11:01 capsular antigen. | the capsular antigen of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 11 was characterized by one-dimensional high-field nuclear magnetic resonance methods and chemical analyses, as a teichoic-acid-type polymer composed of a repeating unit with the structure [see text]. | 1993 | 8508793 |
| enhancement of resistance to bacterial infection in mice by vitamin b2. | we found that the intramuscular injection of vitamin b2 enhanced host resistance to e. coli infection in a dose-dependent manner (6.25 mg/kg-100 mg/kg). furthermore, vb2 exhibited the protective activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. the mechanism of action of vb2 for enhancing resistance in mice may be, at least in part, its ability to stimulate the multiplication of neutrophils and monocytes, and to activate m ... | 1995 | 8519884 |
| protective efficacy of cell-free-antigen of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in mice. | cell-free-antigen (cfa) vaccines of strain y-1 (serotype 1), g-4 (serotype 2) and e-3 (serotype 5) of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (a. pleuropneumoniae) were prepared by emulsifying concentrated culture supernatant with oil-adjuvant. mice immunized with the cfa vaccine had a high survival rate (90-100%) against challenge with the homologous strain. they also had cross-protective activity against challenge with the heterogeneous strains but their survival rate was low (20-50%). on the other ha ... | 1995 | 8519906 |
| serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from piglets with pleuropneumonia. | minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 20 antimicrobial agents were determined for 67 field strains of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from the lungs of piglets with pleuropneumonia during the period 1992 to 1994, in japan. of these 67 strains, all 29 strains that were identified as serotypes 1 and 7 were resistant to chloramphenicol and tiamphenicol, whereas all of those identified as serotypes 2, 5 and 8 were susceptible to these antibiotics. furthermore, 20 of 23 streptomycin-re ... | 1995 | 8519914 |
| characterization of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae riboflavin biosynthesis genes. | in this paper, we report the identification, cloning, and complete nucleotide sequence of four genes from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae that are involved in riboflavin biosynthesis. the cloned genes can specify production of large amounts of riboflavin in escherichia coli, can complement several defined genetic mutations in riboflavin biosynthesis in e. coli, and are homologous to riboflavin biosynthetic genes from e. coli, haemophilus influenzae, and bacillus subtilis. the genes have been des ... | 1995 | 8522537 |
| prevalence and development of antibodies neutralizing the haemolysin and cytotoxin of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in three infected pig herds. | sero-epidemiological studies were carried out in pigs aged 1 to 24 weeks in three herds in which actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was endemic. the sera were tested in the complement-fixation test and for their ability to neutralize the haemolytic and cytotoxic activities of the a. pleuropneumoniae serotypes isolated from the herds. almost all (98%) sera from 1-week-old piglets neutralized the haemolytic and cytotoxic activities but only 21% fixed complement. at the end of the finishing period, mo ... | 1995 | 8525603 |
| serological characterisation and antimicrobial susceptibility of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from pigs in spain. | seventy-one isolates of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from the lungs of pigs in outbreaks of pleuropneumonia in spain were serotyped by indirect haemagglutination. serotype 4 (42.2 per cent), serotype 7 (22.5 per cent) and serotype 2 (12.8 per cent) were predominant, whereas serotypes 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 12 and untypable isolates were present only in small numbers. serotypes 1, 2, 4 and 7 originated mainly from cases of acute pleuropneumonia, whereas serotypes 3, 6, 8, 9 and 12 were associ ... | 1995 | 8533233 |
| efficacy of a variety of disinfectants against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. | the efficacy of 23 disinfectants (including the most commonly used chemical groups) and 6 quaternary ammonium compound based commercial formulations against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 (atcc 4074) was studied. the organisms were tested in suspension and carrier tests with serum as the organic matter. chloramine-t, hydrogen peroxide, glutaraldehyde, and mercurochrome alone, and a quaternary ammonium compound formulation containing 10% benzalkonium chloride, 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 6.8 ... | 1995 | 8533973 |
| evidence obtained with monoclonal antibodies that o antigen is the major antigen responsible for the cross-reactivities between serotypes 4 and 7 of actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae serotype 4 (reference strain m62 and field isolate f6) were produced and characterized. three hybridoma clones were raised against strain m62, and 13 were raised against strain f6. the predominant antibody class was immunoglobulin m (igm), although igg2a and igg2b were also obtained. three of the mabs produced to field isolate f6 (5c5, 1e10, and 5h7) did not recognize the reference strain of serotype 4, another (6 ... | 1995 | 8548535 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5b. | monoclonal antibodies specific for capsular polysaccharide (cps) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) of a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5b were generated by hybridoma cells and selected by indirect elisa of culture supernatants with purified and structurally defined lps and cps preparations and their synthetic conjugates. it was shown in this study that at least one monoclonal antibody, 3b4, presented 100% specificity and recognized all a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 field strains tested in a dot-elisa as ... | 1995 | 8548689 |
| tissue reaction and immunity in swine immunized with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccines. | these studies were done to develop a subunit vaccine for swine that would protect against disease, but not create unacceptable tissue reactions at the immunization site. swine were used to evaluate the local effects of subunit vaccines prepared from extracts of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 containing one of a wide variety of adjuvants. the antigen was an anionic fraction of a saline extract of a. pleuropneumoniae (anex). the adjuvants used were vegetable oils (peanut, sesame, canol ... | 1995 | 8548692 |
| veterinary use of new quinolones in japan. | five new quinolones are used as veterinary medicines in japan. benofloxacin and ofloxacin are orally given in feed or in drinking water for respiratory diseases due to mycoplasma spp. and escherichia coli in poultry. enrofloxacin is subcutaneously, intramuscularly or orally administered to cattle and swine for pneumonia due to pasteurella spp., mycoplasma spp. and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and diarrhoea due to e. coli, and is used orally for respiratory diseases in poultry. danofloxacin is ... | 1995 | 8549286 |
| [induction of polyvalent immunity against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in an experimental rat model]. | using an experimental model of passive immunity in the rat, the immunizing effect of live cells of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 was tested against a challenge with serotype 1. it was observed that serotypes 5, 7 and 9 induced polyvalent immunity. additionally, agglutinating antibodies to the homologous and heterologous serotype were titrated in the sera of immunized mothers; the results indicated that groups immunized with serotypes 5, 7 and 9 had higher titers ... | 1995 | 8552874 |
| molecular characterization of a common 48-kilodalton outer membrane protein of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | previous studies have shown that a vaccine prepared from outer membranes of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 can elicit protective immunity in swine against challenge with either serotype 5 or serotype 1. these results suggest the presence of common subcapsular surface antigens, such as outer membrane proteins, that contribute to cross-protective immunity. we have identified a 48-kda outer membrane protein that is common to all 12 capsular serotypes of a. pleuropneumoniae but is not pr ... | 1996 | 8557378 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1, designated 4.2 a11 b5, 5.1 g8 f10 and 1.5 c5 f4 (igg3, igg2b and igm respectively), were produced and characterized. mabs 4.2 a11 b5 and 5.1 g8 f10 were directed against different epitopes located in the o chain of the lps. both clones also recognized reference strains of a. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 9 and 11. the mab 1.5 c5 f4 reacted with the reference strain of a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1, with the enca ... | 1995 | 8560734 |
| pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethoxazole in combination with trimethoprim after intravenous administration to healthy and pneumonic pigs. | the pharmacokinetics of two sulfonamide/trimethoprim combinations were investigated after intravenous administration to clinically healthy pigs and to the same pigs following a challenge with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae toxins. endobronchial challenge with a. pleuropneumoniae toxins resulted in fever, increased white blood cell counts and decreased water and feed consumption. healthy, as well as febrile, pigs were given sulfadimethoxine (sdm) or sulfamethoxazole (smx) intravenously at a dose ... | 1995 | 8583537 |
| effect of physical defenses of the respiratory tract on the development of pneumonia in pigs inoculated endobronchially with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | seven pigs inoculated endobronchially with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app) serotype 1 developed acute and subacute necrotizing pleuropneumonia. when treated with high doses of atropine (0.25 mg per kg) and/or xylocaine spray using a bronchoscope, which suppressed mucus secretion and ciliary activity, the pigs showed severe pleuropneumonia and 2 treated pigs died within 36 hr after inoculating 320 colony forming units (cfu)/2ml of app serotype 1. histopathologically, their lungs had alveola ... | 1995 | 8593289 |
| development and evaluation of a selective and indicative medium for isolation of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae from tonsils. | in order to isolate actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae from mixed bacterial flora a selective and indicative medium was developed. the optimal concentrations of antibiotics were determined for selective chocolate agar (s-tsa) and selective blood agar (s-mba) using a set of 25 strains of a. pleuropneumoniae. following optimization of the media 96 isolates of a. pleuropneumoniae were tested on s-tsa and s-mba. for isolation of a. pleuropneumoniae from 101 pig tonsils collected at slaughter the s-mba ... | 1995 | 8604551 |
| aerosol exposure of pigs to viable or inactivated actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 induces antibodies in bronchoalveolar lining fluids and serum, and protects against homologous challenge. | a dose-defined nose-only inhalation system for pigs was used to study the immunogenic and protective potentials of a single aerosol application of viable or killed actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9. respiratory volumes were measured for each pig to calculate inhaled individual doses. eight pigs inhaled 107 cfu a. pleuropneumoniae cvi 13261 reference strain for serotype 9. another eight pigs received an identical dose of killed actinobacilli. after three weeks the pigs and nonexposed con ... | 1995 | 8604553 |
| growth and microbial flora of nonmedicated, segregated, early weaned pigs from a commercial swine operation. | to determine whether segregated, early weaned pigs have better growth performance and different microbial flora than those pigs raised on-site. | 1996 | 8617629 |
| efficacy dose determination study of tilmicosin phosphate in feed for control of pneumonia caused by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine. | to determine the effective dosage of tilmicosin phosphate when fed to pigs for the control of pneumonia attributable to actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | 1996 | 8633812 |
| clinical field trials with tilmicosin phosphate in feed for the control of naturally acquired pneumonia caused by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella multocida in swine. | to determine and evaluate the efficacy of the dose range of tilmicosin phosphate fed to pigs for control of pneumonia attributable to actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during episodes of clinical disease in commercial herds. | 1996 | 8633813 |
| construction of pygk, an actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-escherichia coli shuttle vector. | a shuttle vector that is capable of replicating in actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (aa) and escherichia coli (ec) was constructed by modifying the actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (ap) plasmid pyg53. a dna fragment containing the kmr gene was inserted into pyg53 to generate pygk, which confers resistance to kanamycin in both aa and ec. by electroporation, ec dh5alpha and 17 strains of aa were transformed with pygk with efficiencies ranging from 0.5 to 3 x 10(6) colonies per microgram of dna. ... | 1996 | 8635742 |
| [are nasal swabs for swine appropriate for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia agents?]. | nasal swabs and lungs of 150 pigs with pneumonia were tested by culture at post mortem examination. the isolated agents were pasteurella multocida (p.m.), p. haemolytica, bordetella bronchiseptica, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus spp. and escherichia coli. p.m. was most frequently found, and this agent only showed a significant correlation between lungs and nasal swabs. in 80.6% of pigs with p.m. in the lung the agent was detected in the nose, too. drug resi ... | 1995 | 8647001 |
| characterisation of haemolytic rtx toxins produced by australian isolates of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | the haemolytic rtx toxins of 27 isolates of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, representing all serovars that have been isolated in australia, were characterised. the quantity of protein secreted by these isolates into the media was not significantly different between serovars, but haemolytic activity was detected only in the unconcentrated supernatants from cultures of serovar 1 and 5 isolates. haemolytic activity in supernatants of serovar 2, 3 and 7 isolates was detected only after the supernat ... | 1996 | 8660237 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of the transferrin-binding protein 1 gene from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | two outer-membrane proteins are involved in the uptake of iron from transferrin by certain gram-negative bacteria, transferrin-binding proteins 1 and 2. the gene encoding transferrin-binding protein 1 from a serotype 1 isolate of the gram-negative pathogen actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was cloned, and a fragment encoding 700 amino acids of tbp1 was expressed in escherichia coli. we also report here sequencing of the tbpl gene and a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with tbpls from ... | 1996 | 8670116 |
| characterization of tetracycline and erythromycin resistance in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | minimum inhibitory concentrations to tetracycline and erythromycin were determined for nineteen isolates of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae of norwegian origin. the isolates were screened for rrna methylase determinants (erm genes) and for the tetracycline resistance tet b determinant, using oligonucleotide probes, polymerase chain reaction and hybridization. ten isolates (53%) carried the erm c determinant, two isolates (10%) carried the erm a determinant, four isolates (21%) carried both the e ... | 1996 | 8701576 |
| bacterial ghosts: non-living candidate vaccines. | expression of cloned phix174 gene e in bacteria results in lysis of bacteria. it is unique among phage lysis systems as it introduces a transmembrane tunnel structure through the cell envelope complex of gram-negative bacteria. the resulting bacterial ghosts have intact envelope structures devoid of cytoplasmic contents. e-mediated lysis has been achieved in a variety of gram-negative bacteria including escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio cholerae, klebsiella pneumoniae, and actinob ... | 1996 | 8717400 |
| induction of protective immunity by aerosol or oral application of candidate vaccines in a dose-controlled pig aerosol infection model. | in order to outline basic concepts for the design of a bacterial aerosol infection model, the development of a pig model with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is described. first, reproducibility of aerosol parameters should be maintained by optimizing generating and sampling conditions. survival rates of the chosen strain must be predictable. secondly, inhalation conditions for the recipients have to be standardized to enable the determination of deposition sites and the dose administered. subse ... | 1996 | 8717401 |
| protective effect of the combined vaccine prepared from cell-free-antigen of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 2 and 5 in pigs. | cell-free-antigens prepared from a concentrated culture supernatant of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (a. pleuropneumoniae) serotypes 1, 2 and 5 were mixed and emulsified with oil adjuvant. the combined vaccine of these 3 serotypes of a. pleuropneumoniae was tested for its ability to confer protection. pigs immunized with the combined vaccine survived and showed no clinical signs against an intratracheal challenge with a. pleuropneumoniae. in contrast, control pigs inoculated with concentrated ... | 1995 | 8720063 |
| [typing of the apx toxin gene of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae using pcr]. | for the determination of the apx toxin genes in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains, five pcr reactions were developed which allow the detection of the activator and structural genes and the secretion genes of the toxins apxi, apxii and apxiii. the oligonucleotide primers were chosen in order to amplify characteristic parts of the activator and structural genes apxica, apxiica and apxiiica, and the secretion genes apxibd and apxiiibd. the annealing temperature of all five reaction was identi ... | 1996 | 8721185 |
| [demonstration of pneumonia in swine as a constant problem: culture and immunofluorescence microscopic studies of bronchioalveolar lavage (bal) and serological findings]. | bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 128 pigs from five fattening units showing acute pneumonia (48 animals), subclinical purulent pneumonia (17 animals), and chronic purulent pneumonia (63 animals). these samples were investigated for bacteria. additionally immunofluorescence microscopy as well as serological investigations were performed to detect antibodies against several bacteria and viruses. pasteurella multocida could be detected in more than a half of the samples of pigs with acute pn ... | 1996 | 8721303 |
| comparison of virulence of different actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes and biotypes using an aerosol infection model. | an aerosol infection model for inoculation of pigs with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is described. with this model the virulence of three a. pleuropneumoniae biotype 1 strains representing serotypes 2, 5b and 6, and one danish biotype 2 were compared using 13-week-old pigs for inoculation. the pigs were sacrificed 24 h after aerosol exposure and lung lesions were evaluated. in pigs exposed to aerosols of suspensions containing 10(4) cfu/ml of serotypes 2, 5b and 6, a number of 5-10 lesions of ... | 1996 | 8734634 |
| immunohistological evaluation on respiratory lesions of pigs intranasally inoculated with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. | nine-week-old pigs were inoculated intranasally with 6.10 x 10(3) (group 10(3)), 10(5) (group 10(5)) and 10(7) (group 10(7)) colony-forming unit of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app) serotype 1 designated ha-337 strain, respectively. one pig in group 10(5) and 2 pigs in group 10(7) died with dispnea and hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia within 20 to 48 hr post inoculation (pi). all pigs necropsied on 7 days in groups 10(5) and 10(7) had focal fibrous pleuropneumonia. histologically, pulmonary lesio ... | 1996 | 8741260 |
| susceptibility to actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs from an endemically infected herd is related to the presence of toxin-neutralizing antibodies. | our objective was to identify pigs of an endemically infected herd that were susceptible to pleuropneumonia due to actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. the presence of toxin-neutralizing antibodies was studied in serum of 36 pigs from birth until 24 weeks of age. titers gradually declined during the first twelve weeks of life and increased thereafter. sera from one-hundred 3-weeks-old piglets and one-hundred 20-weeks-old pigs were sampled and neutralization titers were determined. from each group we ... | 1995 | 8748537 |
| influence of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and its metabolites on porcine alveolar epithelial cells. | the effect of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and its metabolites on the viability of porcine alveolar epithelial cells was studied by using a neutral-red uptake test. alveolar epithelial cells were obtained from 5-week-old colostrum-deprived pigs. the purity of these cells as assessed by the modified papanicolaou stain was 90 to 95%. incubation of these cells with 10(6) cfu of a biotype 1 serotype 1 strain resulted in death of the alveolar epithelial cells within 1.5 h. a cytotoxic effect was a ... | 1996 | 8751947 |
| cloning and characterization of an actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae outer membrane protein belonging to the family of pal lipoproteins. | a 14-kda outer membrane protein (omp) was purified from actinobacillus pleuro-pneumoniae serotype 2. the protein strongly reacts with sera from pigs experimentally or naturally infected with any of the 12 serotypes of a. pleuropneumoniae. the gene encoding this protein was isolated from a gene library of a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 reference strain by immunoscreening. expression of the cloned gene in escherichia coli revealed that the protein is also located in the outer membrane fraction of ... | 1996 | 8763621 |
| virulence factors of the swine pathogen actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | the gram-negative bacterium actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of swine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection with great economic implications. in recent years, considerable efforts have been invested in the study of its virulence mechanisms. here we review the current knowledge on the determinants of a. pleuropneumoniae pathogenicity, paying particular attention to the capsule, the lypopolysaccharide, the outer membrane proteins, and the rtx exotoxins. t ... | 1996 | 8767702 |
| [etiologic and pathologic study of respiratory disease in lambs from intensive breeding facilities in southern spain]. | between 1991 and 1993, it was observed epidemiologically that respiratory disturbances in lambs are associated with high temperatures during the summer. the etiological agent isolated is principally mycoplasma ovipneumoniae; moreover, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biovar a has been isolated in a high number of samples. histopathologically, an interstitial bronchopneumonia was the main lesional finding; this lesion is associated with previous mycoplasma infection. | 1996 | 8767768 |
| identification of two core types in lipopolysaccharides of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae representing serotypes 1 to 12. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were separated by tricine-sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which has been shown to improve resolution of low-molecular-mass fast migrating bands. strains representing the 12 serotypes of a. pleuropneumoniae can be divided in two groups according to the gel mobility of the core - lipid a region of their lps. the first electromorphic core type (core type i), found in serotypes 1, 6, 9, and 11, had a migration slower than salmonell ... | 1996 | 8776854 |
| characterisation of porcine haemophili isolated from australian pigs between 1988 and 1992. | a total of 362 haemophili, isolated pigs throughout australia, were characterised by phenotypic properties. most were identified as actinobacillus pleuro-pneumoniae (296 isolates) or haemophilus parasuis (52 isolates). the remaining isolates were identified as haemophilus taxon 'minor group' (12 isolates) and haemophilus taxon d (two isolates). all 296 a pleuropneumoniae isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination and/or gel diffusion, using rabbit antisera against all 12 recognised serovars. ... | 1995 | 8787520 |
| in-vitro antibacterial properties of tilmicosin against australian isolates of pasteurella multocida and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae from pigs. | | 1995 | 8787526 |
| identification of a locus involved in the utilization of iron by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | the cloned afu locus of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae restored the ability of an escherichia coli k-12 mutant (arob) to grow on iron-limited media. dna sequence analysis of the fragment showed that there are three genes designated afua, afub and afuc (actinobacillus ferric uptake) that encode products similar to the sfuabc proteins of serratia marcescens, the hitabc proteins of haemophilus influenzae, the fbpabc proteins of neisseria gonorrhoeae and the yfuabc proteins of yersinia enterocoliti ... | 1996 | 8807793 |
| serotyping of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 strains using a monoclonal-based polystyrene agglutination test. | a polystyrene agglutination test has been developed for serotyping actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5a and 5b strains. protein a-coated polystyrene microparticles were sensitized with a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope on serotype 5 lps-o chain as shown by sds-page and western blotting. a total of 205 a. pleuropneumoniae, strains including all 12 serotype reference strains and 13 strains representing 8 common bacterial species associated with swine or related to a. pleur ... | 1996 | 8825998 |
| evaluation of a pcr for detection of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in mixed bacterial cultures from tonsils. | a pcr for the detection of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was evaluated. all of 102 field, isolates of a, pleuropneumoniae reacted in the pcr by amplification of a 985 bp product. no pcr amplification product was observed when examining strains of a. ureae, a. capsulatus, a. hominis, a. equuli, a, rossii, a. suis, escherichia coli, bordetella bronchiseptica. streptococcus suis, pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, haemophilus parasuis, haemophilus taxon minor group, haemophilus taxon ... | 1996 | 8828126 |
| implication of altered levels of plasma alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein and its derived sialic acid on plasma protein binding of trimethoprim in pigs in physiological and pathological states. | in growing pigs (0 to 158 days after birth), pregnant sows (0 to 90 days), and in pigs suffering from respiratory disease (actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae), the plasma levels of alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (agp) and its derived sialic acid were determined, as was the meaning of their altered levels on the plasma protein binding of trimethoprim. the agp level was very high immediately after birth (more than 10,000 mu g/ml), decreased markedly during 2 weeks after birth (about 700 mu g/ml) and ther ... | 1996 | 8833605 |
| in vitro activity of ceftiofur and its primary metabolite, desfuroylceftiofur, against organisms of veterinary importance. | ceftiofur (xnl) and its primary metabolite, desfuroylceftiofur (dxnl), were evaluated for in vitro activity against 539 isolates from veterinary sources. actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, pasteurella spp., haemophilus somnus, salmonella spp., escherichia coli, staphylococci, and streptococci were tested. overall, xnl and dxnl were equivalent in activity against the gram-negative organisms with all minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) within 1 serial dilution. against the staphylococci, mic di ... | 1996 | 8844576 |
| comment on the microreview by b. craig lee (quelling the red menace: haem capture by bacteria) | | 1996 | 8861221 |
| channel-forming activity and channel size of the rtx toxins apxi, apxii, and apxiii of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | the determinants of the actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae rtx toxins apxi, apxii, and apxiii were expressed in an escherichia coli strain. the toxins were concentrated from the supernatants of cell cultures. the addition of the toxins to the aqueous-phase-bathing lipid bilayer membranes resulted in an increase in the membrane conductance when membranes made of asolectin or phosphatidylethanolamine were used. the toxins were relatively inactive in membranes made of other lipids. the membrane activi ... | 1996 | 8890186 |
| a riboflavin auxotroph of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is attenuated in swine. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of a highly contagious and often fatal pleuropneumonia in swine. a riboflavin-requiring mutant of a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1, designated ap233, was constructed by deleting a portion of the riboflavin biosynthetic operon (ribgbah) and replacing it with a gene cassette encoding kanamycin resistance. the genes affected included both the alpha- and beta-subunits of riboflavin synthase as well as a bifunctional enzyme containing gtp cyclohy ... | 1996 | 8890222 |
| in-vitro activity of ceftiofur against australian isolates of the family pasteurellaceae associated with respiratory disease in cattle and pigs. | | 1996 | 8894010 |
| a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute phase response in the pig is associated with a decrease in hepatic cytochrome p450-mediated drug metabolism. | drug disposition, including hepatic drug metabolism, is markedly affected by infection, inflammation and other conditions that invoke the acute phase response. in the present study, an escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced acute phase response model was developed in pigs. this model was used to study the effects of the acute phase response on drug disposition and hepatic drug metabolism in vivo and in microsomal preparations. the results obtained were compared with those from actinob ... | 1996 | 8905573 |
| activity of antibodies against salmonella dublin, toxoplasma gondii, or actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in sera after treatment with electron beam irradiation or binary ethylenimine. | viral contamination of biological material may constitute a risk when samples are exchanged between countries, and it may be necessary to subject the material to an inactivation treatment. the present study investigated possible adverse effects on antibody activity subsequent to either electron beam irradiation or binary ethylenimine (bei) treatment. the treatments were performed with sera obtained from pigs or cattle. for each treatment level, the posttreatment activity was plotted against the ... | 1996 | 8914750 |
| antibodies against 12 serotypes of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in finnish slaughter sows. | to determine the prevalence of a. pleuropneumoniae serotypes in finnish pig populations, 692 blood samples of sows were randomly collected from finnish slaughterhouses. these were assayed with a direct elisa for 12 actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes. the specificity of the elisa was tested using rabbit antisera against these serotypes. cross-reactions were detected between serotypes 6 and 8 and between serotypes 1, 9 and 11, and serotype 5 antiserum reacted with serotype 6 antigen, but th ... | 1996 | 8921738 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of cu,zn superoxide dismutase from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | copper-zinc superoxide dismutases (cu,zn sods), until recently considered very unusual in bacteria, are now being found in a wide range of gram-negative bacterial species. here we report the cloning and characterization of sodc, encoding cu,zn sod in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a major pathogen of pigs and the causative organism of porcine pleuropneumonia. sodc was shown to lie on a monocistronic operon, at the chromosomal locus between the genes asd (encoding aspartate semialdehyde dehydro ... | 1996 | 8945543 |
| interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ceftiofur against bacteria associated with swine respiratory disease. | ceftiofur, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin, is active against a variety of animal pathogens, including organisms associated with swine respiratory disease. however, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoint and disk diffusion interpretive criteria have not been established for swine pathogens. susceptibility tests were performed by broth microdilution mic and disk diffusion methods on 246 bacterial species that cause swine respiratory disease. ceftiofur was active against salmonella s ... | 1996 | 8953533 |
| rapid identification and cloning of bacterial transferrin and lactoferrin receptor protein genes. | the sequences of genes encoding the transferrin and lactoferrin receptor proteins from several bacterial species were analyzed for areas of identity in the predicted protein sequences. degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed and tested for their ability to amplify portions of the receptor genes. primer pairs capable of amplifying products of the tbpa/lbpa or tbpb/lbpb genes from all species possessing these receptors were identified. | 1996 | 8955421 |
| cross-protection between actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotypes-serotypes in pigs. | four groups of hysterectomy-derived and colostrum-deprived pigs were intranasally inoculated with an actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotype 1-serotype 2 strain (producing rtx toxins apxii and apxiii. 6 pigs), an a. pleuropneumoniae biotype 1-serotype 10 strain (producing apxi. 5 pigs), an a. pleuropneumoniae biotype 2-serotype 2 strain (producing apxii, 5 pigs) or saline (controls, 7 pigs). all pigs were exposed to a. pleuropneumoniae biotype 1-serotype 2 endobronchial challenge. after challeng ... | 1996 | 8972053 |
| detection of an actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 lipopolysaccharide (lps) variant. | until now 12 serotypes of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae have been recognized. the specificity of the serotypes reside in the carbohydrate composition of the capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides (lps). the lps of a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 is a smooth type lps with o-chains of linear repeating pentasaccharide units with an o-acetyl group linked to a glucose unit. a monoclonal antibody (mab 102-g02) directed against a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was characterized in enzyme linke ... | 1996 | 8972054 |
| otitis in a weaned pig: a new pathological role for actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae. | a weaned pig exhibiting clinical signs characteristic of a vestibular syndrome (abnormal head tilt and abnormal gait including a tendency to circle) was examined as a representative example of a condition which, in a 12-month period, affected approximately 400 other pigs on the farm of origin. the condition caused significant morbidity and financial loss but the directly attributable mortality was negligible. post mortem examination revealed a severe suppurative, left-sided otitis media and inte ... | 1996 | 8972068 |
| growth of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is promoted by exogenous hydroxamate and catechol siderophores. | siderophores bind ferric ions and are involved in receptor-specific iron transport into bacteria. six types of siderophores were tested against strains representing the 12 different serotypes of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. ferrichrome and bis-catechol-based siderophores showed strong growth-promoting activities for a. pleuropneumoniae in a disk diffusion assay. most strains of a. pleuropneumoniae tested were able to use ferrichrome (21 of 22 or 95%), ferrichrome a (20 of 22 or 90%), and lys ... | 1996 | 8975614 |
| the respiratory immune system of pigs. | respiratory tract infections with bacteria like actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are extremely common in pigs and are of major veterinary relevance. the respiratory tract can be divided into the upper part, consisting of the nose, pharynx, larynx and trachea, and the lower part, consisting of the different parts of the lung. after bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) had been established for pigs, interest grew in the unspecific parts of the immune system of the respiratory tract (such a ... | 1996 | 8988865 |
| serological characterization of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotype 1 strains antigenically related to both serotypes 2 and 7. | nine danish actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotype 1 isolates were shown by latex agglutination and indirect haemagglutination to possess capsular polysaccharide epitopes identical to those of serotype 2 strain 1536 (reference strain of serotype 2) and strain 4226 (danish serotype 2 strain). immunodiffusion confirmed the antigenic relationship with serotype 2 and further demonstrated an antigenic relationship with strain wf83 (reference strain of serotype 7). sds-page with lps from strains 1536 ... | 1996 | 8996877 |
| examination of surface polysaccharides of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 grown under iron-restricted conditions. | we investigated the expression of important actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae surface polysaccharides, namely, capsular polysaccharides (cps) and lipopolysaccharides (lps), after growth under iron-restricted conditions. iron restriction did not seem to affect the production of cps, as determined by labelling with a monoclonal antibody (mab) against the serotype 1 k-antigen and flow cytometry analysis, and also as determined by electron microscopy. sds-page revealed that the lps profiles of these c ... | 1996 | 8998986 |
| novel fnr homologues identified in four representative oral facultative anaerobes: capnocytophaga ochracea, capnocytophaga sputigena, haemophilus aphrophilus, and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. | based upon dna sequence data and positive immunochemical reactivity of expressed protein, novel homologues of the fnr family were identified in four representative oral facultative anaerobes: capnocytophaga ochracea, capnocytophaga sputigena, haemophilus aphrophilus, and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. the similarity to e. coli fnr and to hlyx (itself 71% similar to e. coli fnr, while regulating expression of hemolysin operon in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae) was estimated from the deduc ... | 1996 | 8998988 |
| conservation and antigenic cross-reactivity of the transferrin-binding proteins of haemophilus influenzae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis. | haemophilus influenzae acquires iron from the iron-transporting glycoprotein transferrin via a receptor-mediated process. this involves two outer-membrane transferrin-binding proteins (tbps) termed tbp1 and tbp2 which show considerable preference for the human form of transferrin. since the tbps are attracting considerable attention as potential vaccine components, we used transferrin affinity chromatography to examine their conservation amongst 28 h. influenzae type b strains belonging to diffe ... | 1996 | 9004513 |
| detection of antibodies against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 using an inhibition enzyme immunoassay. | an inhibition enzyme immunoassay (eia) for detection of antibodies against a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 (app-5) in pig sera, based on the inhibition of the binding of an app-5 specific monoclonal antibody was established. the monoclonal antibody (mab 210-f11) was found to be directed against an epitope on the o-chain of app-5 lps. in the inhibition eia, highly purified app-5 lps was used to coat microtitre plates. serial dilutions of pig sera were added to the plates prior to the addition of t ... | 1997 | 9008793 |
| serodiagnosis of swine pleuropneumonia due to actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 7 and 4 using long-chain lipopolysaccharides. | a saline boiled extract (sbe), capsular polysaccharides (cps) and long-chain lipopolysaccharides (lc-lps) of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 have been evaluated in elisa for the serodiagnosis of swine pleuropneumonia caused by this serotype. mean optical densities (ods) obtained with the 3 antigens using sera from negative herds as well as from animals experimentally and naturally exposed to a. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 7 or 4 were not statistically different. the positive elisa reac ... | 1997 | 9008804 |
| immunization with temperature-sensitive mutants of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae induces protective hemolysin-neutralizing antibodies in mice. | the immunogenicity and protective potential of three temperature-sensitive mutants of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were evaluated in mice with respect to antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, outer membrane proteins, and hemolysin protein. antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide could not be correlated with protection in the mice; there were no significant differences among the anti-capsular and anti-lipopolysaccharide antibody titers reg ... | 1997 | 9009067 |
| antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infected and bacterin-vaccinated pigs. | current porcine pleuropneumonia bacterins afford only partial protection by decreasing mortality but not morbidity. in order to better understand the type(s) of immune response associated with protection, antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses (cmir) were compared for piglets before and after administration of a commercial bacterin, which confers partial protection, or a low-dose (10(5) cfu/ml) aerosol challenge with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cm5 (ld), which induces complete protecti ... | 1997 | 9009283 |
| evaluation of protective efficacy of an actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 lipopolysaccharide-protein conjugate in mice. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. the major adhesin of a. pleuropneumoniae has previously been identified as a lipopolysaccharide (lps), and more recently, we demonstrated that high molecular mass lps were involved in a. pleuropneumoniae adherence to porcine respiratory tract cells. we postulated that immunization with a lps-based vaccine may confer a protective immunity. the high molecular mass o-polysaccharides obtained after acid hydrolysis and ... | 1997 | 9023043 |
| cloning and characterization of the groe locus from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | a 4.4-kb dna fragment was cloned from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (strain 4074, serotype 1) by genetic complementation with escherichia coli groes-groel mutant strains. sequence analysis of this fragment revealed a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (deod)-encoding gene homolog (deod), heat-shock response-encoding genes for the small (groes) and large subunits (groel) and a partial open reading frame encoding an alcohol dehydrogenase homolog (adhe). the predicted amino-acid sequence of groes an ... | 1997 | 9037757 |
| serological characterization of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotype 2 strains isolated from pigs in two danish herds. | eight actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotype 2 strains were isolated in pure culture from lungs of pigs originating from two danish herds with growing and finishing pigs. the antigenic properties were studied by indirect haemagglutination (iha) and immunodiffusion (id) tests using soluble surface antigens and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) using capsular enriched fractions and lps. in all tests the strains proved antigenically homogeneous and serologically distinct from the known ... | 1997 | 9050169 |
| mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs in croatia: first evaluation of a vaccine in fattening pigs. | the immunoprophylaxis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (mps) caused by mycoplasma hypopneumoniae was investigated for the first time in fattening pigs in croatia. the incidence of mps was monitored in pigs weighing on average 27.5 kg (12 weeks old) after immunization with a m. hyopneumoniae vaccine. of 350 pigs in each group, in the nonvaccinated group 55 animals (15.7%) were affected by pneumonia and 11 (3.1%) died of consequences of pneumonia, whereas in the vaccinated group 20 pigs (5.7%) we ... | 1996 | 9055454 |
| actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae does not require urease activity to produce acute swine pleuropneumonia. | the role in virulence of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae urease activity was investigated. a urease-negative mutant was isolated following transposon mutagenesis with a mini-tn10 derivative. both the parent strain and the urease-negative mutant exhibited identical ld50 values in a murine infection model. pig challenge confirmed that the urease-negative mutant was fully virulent, since experimental inoculation with 5 x 10(7) colony forming units resulted in an acute disease indistinguishable from ... | 1997 | 9066110 |
| protective efficacy of an affinity-purified hemolysin vaccine against experimental swine pleuropneumonia. | protective efficacy of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae extracellular hemolytic toxins, rtx-toxin i (apx i) and apx ii, was evaluated in pigs. the hemolysins were purified from culture supernatant of a. pleuropneumoniae strain ha-337, serotype 1 by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody specific for apx i or apx ii as ligand. four pigs were vaccinated with the purified hemolysins absorbed on aluminum phosphate gel adjuvant. four pigs of a control group were given placebo. hemol ... | 1997 | 9070983 |
| characterization of a pasteurella multocida plasmid and its use to express recombinant proteins in p. multocida. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a naturally occurring 5.36-kb streptomycin and sulphonamide resistance plasmid, designated pig1, isolated from type d pasteurella multocida was determined. a 1.6-kb noncoding region and a 1.4-kb region encoding three putative proteins were shown by sequence homologies and functional characterizations to be involved in the replication and mobilization of pig1, respectively. the remaining sequence carried an unusual arrangement of streptomycin- and sulphonamide- ... | 1997 | 9073583 |