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a light and electron microscopic study of the epithelium of the extrapulmonary airways of mauremys caspica and lacerta lepida (reptilia).the epithelium of the extrapulmonary airways of a chelonia (mauremys caspica) and a squamata (lacerta lepida) was investigated by means of conventional light and transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. the epithelium of mauremys caspica is composed of basal, ciliated, endocrine and mucous cells. serotonin-immunoreactivity was detected in the endocrine cells. mucous cells were found to contain either sialo-mucins or both sialo- and s ...20123370620
paroxysmal myoclonic dystonia with vocalisations: new entity or variant of preexisting syndromes?from among 1377 patients with movement disorders, four patients had an unusual movement disorder characterised by paroxysmal bursts of involuntary, regular, repetitive, rhythmic, bilateral, coordinated, simultaneous, stereotypic myoclonus and vocalisations, often associated with tonic symptoms, interference with voluntary functioning, presence of hyperactivity, attention and learning disabilities, and resistance to treatment with haloperidol and other drugs. this symptom complex may represent a ...20123457101
better clinical diagnosis of contraction of the transverse brim. 20124825881
prograde versus retrograde endoscopic laser therapy for the treatment of malignant esophageal obstruction: a comparison of techniques.the prograde and retrograde approaches to the treatment of malignant esophageal obstruction with the nd:yag, or neodymium: yttrium, aluminum, garnet, laser are compared. with the prograde technique, tumor destruction proceeds from the proximal to the distal tumor margin. in retrograde treatment, the endoscope is passed to the distal tumor margin so that the treatment can proceed in the reverse direction, thereby completing therapy in a single treatment session. this is usually accomplished by pa ...20123393057
ethanolamine utilization in vibrio alginolyticus.ethanolamine is used as an energy source by phylogenetically diverse bacteria including pathogens, by the concerted action of proteins from the eut-operon. previous studies have revealed the presence of eutbc genes encoding ethanolamine-ammonia lyase, a key enzyme that breaks ethanolamine into acetaldehyde and ammonia, in about 100 bacterial genomes including members of gamma-proteobacteria. however, ethanolamine utilization has not been reported for any member of the vibrio genus. our comparati ...201223234435
integrating conjugative elements as vectors of antibiotic, mercury, and quaternary ammonium compound resistance in marine aquaculture environments.the presence of sxt/r391-related integrating conjugative elements (ices) in bacterial strains isolated from fish obtained from marine aquaculture environments in 2001 to 2010 in the northwestern iberian peninsula was studied. ices were detected in 12 strains taxonomically related to vibrio scophthalmi (3 strains), vibrio splendidus (5 strains), vibrio alginolyticus (1 strain), shewanella haliotis (1 strain), and enterovibrio nigricans (2 strains), broadening the known host range able to harbor s ...201222314526
identification of outer membrane proteins altered in response to uvc-radiation in vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus, marine foodborne pathogens, were treated with uvc-radiation (240 j/m(2)) to evaluate alterations in their outer membrane protein profiles. outer membrane protein patterns of uvc-irradiated bacteria were found altered when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. altered proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (ms and ms/ms) and analysis revealed that ompw, ompa, long-chain fatty acid transport protein, outer membr ...201224293727
sensitivity and uncertainty studies of the crac2 computer code.we have studied the sensitivity of health impacts from nuclear reactor accidents, as predicted by the crac2 computer code, to the following sources of uncertainty: (1) the model for plume rise, (2) the model for wet deposition, (3) the meteorological bin-sampling procedure for selecting weather sequences with rain, (4) the dose conversion factors for inhalation as affected by uncertainties in the particle size of the carrier aerosol and the clearance rates of radionuclides from the respiratory t ...20123444936
the use of fluoride preparations in dental practice. 20123862379
improved mouthguard design for the edentulous sportsman. 20123862380
a theory of the symmetries of filamentous bacteriophages.a mathematical model is presented which explains the symmetries observed for the protein coats of filamentous bacterial viruses. three viruses (ff, ike, and if1) all have five-start helices with rotation angles of 36 degrees and axial translations of 16 a (type i symmetry), and three other viruses (pf1, xf, and pf3) all have one-start helices with rotation angles of approximately equal to 67 degrees and translations of approximately 3 a (type ii symmetry). the coat protein subunits in each group ...20123349133
role of alcohol use by narcotic addicts as revealed in the darp research on evaluation of treatment for drug abuse. 20123314556
immunological evaluation of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio harveyi, vibrio vulnificus and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv) combined-vaccine efficacy in epinephelus coioides.combined vaccines are immunological products intended for immunization against multifactorial infectious diseases caused by different types or variants of pathogens. in this study, the effectiveness of vibrio alginolyticus (va), vibrio harveyi (vh), vibrio vulnificus (vv) and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv), an iridovirus, combined-vaccine (vibrio and isknv combined vaccines, vicv), va+vh+vv inactive vaccine (viv) and isknv whole cell inactive vaccine (iwciv) in epinephelus c ...201223010220
surgical removal of an abscess associated with fusarium solani from a kemp's ridley sea turtle (lepidochelys kempii).a cold-stunned kemp's ridley sea turtle, lepidochelys kempii, developed an abscess associated with fusarium solani, vibrio alginolyticus, and a shewenalla species after receiving a bite wound to the front flipper during rehabilitation. the lesion failed to respond to medical therapy and was treated successfully with surgery. histopathology of the excised tissue demonstrated septic heterophilic inflammation with necrosis and granulation tissue, fungal elements, and bacteria, despite appropriate a ...201222779250
intragenic suppressor of a plug deletion nonmotility mutation in potb, a chimeric stator protein of sodium-driven flagella.the torque of bacterial flagellar motors is generated by interactions between the rotor and the stator and is coupled to the influx of h(+) or na(+) through the stator. a chimeric protein, potb, in which the n-terminal region of vibrio alginolyticus pomb was fused to the c-terminal region of escherichia coli motb, can function with poma as a na(+)-driven stator in e. coli. here, we constructed a deletion variant of potb (with a deletion of residues 41 to 91 [δ41-91], called potbδl), which lacks ...201223024347
critical involvement of the e373-d434 region in the acid sensitivity of a nhab-type na(+)/h(+) antiporter from vibrio alginolyticus.it has been well established that vanhab, a nhab-type na(+)/h(+) antiporter found in vibrio alginolyticus, exhibits a striking acid sensitivity. however, the molecular basis of the ph-dependent regulatory mechanism of the antiport activity is yet to be investigated. in this study, we generated various chimeric proteins composed of vanhab and a ph insensitive ortholog found in escherichia coli (ecnhab) and analyzed the ph responses of their na(+)/h(+) antiport activities to search for the key res ...201222953996
construction of a fusion flagellin complex and evaluation of the protective immunity of it in red snapper (lutjanus sanguineus).the main aims of this study were to construct a bivalent subunit vaccine containing flagellin flaa gene and flagellin flab gene from vibrio alginolyticus strain hy9901 and to explore the potential application of the fusion protein flaa-(g(4) s)(3)-flab as a vaccine candidate for red snapper (lutjanus sanguineus).201222591449
characterization of a new beta-lactamase gene from isolates of vibrio spp. in korea.pcr was performed to analyze the beta-lactamase genes carried by ampicillin-resistant vibrio spp. strains isolated from marine environments in korea between 2006 and 2009. all 36 strains tested showed negative results in pcr with the primers designed from the nucleotide sequences of various known beta-lactamase genes. this prompted us to screen new beta-lactamase genes. a novel beta-lactamase gene was cloned from vibrio alginolyticus kv3 isolated from the aquaculture water of geoje island of kor ...201222534305
immune response of turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) to a broad spectrum vaccine candidate, recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen which causes systemic infection in turbot. the increasing frequency of edwardsiellosis in turbot farming has stressed the need to understand the immune responses of fish, for the further development of prevention and control strategies. as a broad spectrum protective antigen, a recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of e. tarda eib202 has been proven to present remarkable protection against e. tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibri ...201223084627
antibiofilm activity of dendrophthoe falcata against different bacterial pathogens.dendrophthoe falcata is a hemiparasitic plant commonly used for ailments such as ulcers, asthma, impotence, paralysis, skin diseases, menstrual troubles, pulmonary tuberculosis, and wounds. in this context, the validations of the traditional claim that the leaf extract of d. falcata possesses antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activity against different bacterial pathogens were assessed. the bacterial biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining. among the 17 bacterial pathogens screened ...201223115018
induction of phenoloxidase and other immunological activities in the humoral fluids of amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri challenged with lipopolysaccharide (lps).the knowledge concerning the humoral immunity is scarce in amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri. this study measured the humoral parameters including phenoloxidase (po) activity, lysozyme activity, antimicrobial activity, microbial agglutinin, and hemagglutinin in amphioxus humoral fluids before and after lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge. humoral fluids from unchallenged branchiostoma belcheri (b. belcheri) had po activity, lysozyme, antimicrobial, microbial agglutinating, and hemagglutinating act ...201222733094
[atypical agents of wound infection and targeted samples].all open wounds are primarily contaminated and subsequently colonized by microorganisms, predominantly bacteria. only about 30% of chronic wounds are also infected. factors which favor the development of infection are the following: large quantity of bacteria, presence of virulence factors, their quantity and number, predominantly the synergy of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and formation of biofilm. common agents of infection of acute and chronic wounds are staphylococcus aureus, mrsa, strept ...201223193825
crustins from eyestalk cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus: molecular characterization, genomic organization and expression analysis.crustins are cationic, cysteine-rich antimicrobial proteins, containing a single whey acidic protein (wap) domain in the c-terminal end. different from the reported ptcrustin in the hemocytes, two novel crustin genes (ptcrustin2 and ptcrustin3) were cloned completely from the eyestalk cdna library of portunus trituberculatus in this study. all ptcrustins share the consensus cysteine motif and are considered as type i crustins. four exons and three introns are identified in genomic dna sequence o ...201222971359
molecular cloning and characterization of c-type lysozyme gene in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides.lysozymes are key proteins of the host innate immune system against pathogen infection. in this study, a c-type lysozyme gene (ec-lysc) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-lysc cdna is composed of 533 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 144-residue protein with 94% identity to lysc of kelp grouper, epinephelus bruneus. the genomic dna of ec-lysc consists of 4 exons and 3 introns, with a total length of 1897 bp. amino acid sequence alignm ...201222579550
first report of two thioredoxin homologues in crustaceans: molecular characterization, genomic organization and expression pattern in swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.previously, we had reported two homologues of the thioredoxin (trx) super-family (pttrx1 and pttrx2) identified from eyestalk and haemocytes cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus, respectively. it was the first report of two thioredoxin homologues from the same crustacean species. here, we focused on the molecular characterization, genomic organization and expression pattern of pttrx1 and pttrx2. the full-length cdna sequences of pttrx1 and pttrx2 were 739 and 1300 bp, encoding ...201222365991
identification and characterization of two novel types of non-clip domain serine proteases (ptsp and ptsph1) from cdna haemocytes library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.in our previous studies, five serine proteases containing clip domain were characterized from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. to further investigate the characterization and function of serine proteases, one serine protease (ptsp) and one serine protease homolog (ptsph1) without clip domain were identified from haemocytes cdna library in this paper. they both possessed an sp or sp-like domain at the c-terminal. in contrast to ptsp, absence of ser catalytic residue resulted in the los ...201222289714
three clip domain serine proteases (csps) and one clip domain serine protease homologue (csph) identified from haemocytes and eyestalk cdna libraries of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.four genes including three clip domain serine proteases (ptcsp1, ptcsp2 and ptcsp3) and one clip domain serine protease homologue (ptcsph) of the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus (decapoda: brachyura: portunidae) were characterized based on analysis of expressed sequence tags from haemocytes and eyestalk cdna libraries. the relative four peptidases, which share high structural similarity to the clip-sps of other arthropod species, appeared to possess a clip domain at the n-terminus and an ...201222270256
molecular cloning, expression pattern and antimicrobial activity of a new isoform of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.a new isoform of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ptalf5) was cloned from eyestalk cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the full-length cdna of ptalf5 was 1045 bp encoding 120 amino acids. ptalf5 shared lower amino acid similarity with other alfs, yet it contained the conserved lps-binding domain and was clearly member of the alf family. the genomic fragment of ptalf5 contained two exons separated by one intron. several tandem repeats were found in intron. the mrna transcript o ...201222516300
virulence genes and pathogenicity islands in environmental vibrio strains nonpathogenic to humans.most vibrio species in autochthonous marine microbial communities, such as vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio harveyi, vibrio anguillarum among others, are considered nonpathogenic for humans. however, because many bacterial virulence genes are located in mobile genetic elements, the acquisition of mobile dna could mediate the appearance of virulent or more virulent strains even in a species defined as nonpathogenic. in this study, we screened a collection of marine nonpathogenic vibrio strains isolat ...201222676367
real-time pcr optimization to identify environmental vibrio spp. strains.to identify vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae and vibrio alginolyticus using standardized dna extraction method and real-time pcr assays, among a large number of bacterial strains isolated from marine environment.201222639795
modulation of the innate immune system in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei following long-term low salinity exposure.immune parameters, haemocyte lifespan, and gene expressions of lipopolysaccharide and β-glucan-binding protein (lgbp), peroxinectin (px), integrin β, and α2-macroglobulin (α2-m) were examined in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (0.48 ± 0.05 g) which had been reared at different salinity levels of 2.5‰, 5‰, 15‰, 25‰, and 35‰ for 24 weeks. all shrimp survived during the first 6 weeks. the survival rate of shrimp reared at 2.5‰ and 5‰ was much lower (30%) than that of shrimp reared at 15 ...201222626810
investigation of the roles of t6ss genes in motility, biofilm formation, and extracellular protease asp production in vibrio alginolyticus with modified gateway-compatible plasmids.the aims of this study were to create and evaluate the gateway-compatible plasmids for investigating the function of genes in vibrio alginolyticus and other gram-negative bacteria.201222563695
differential immune response in the hard clam (mercenaria mercenaria) against bacteria and the protistan pathogen qpx (quahog parasite unknown).the immune response of the hard clam (quahog) mercenaria mercenaria following challenge with live bacteria (vibrio alginolyticus) and the protist qpx (quahog parasite unknown) was investigated. the study also compared immune responses following qpx challenge in two different hard clam broodstocks exhibiting different degrees of susceptibility toward this parasite. different immune and stress-related cellular and humoral factors were assessed including general hemocyte parameters (total and diffe ...201222484278
cdna cloning, characterization and expression analysis of catalase in swimming crab portunus trituberculatus: cdna cloning and expression analysis of catalase gene of portunus trituberculatus.catalase is an important antioxidant protein that protects organisms against various oxidative stresses by eliminating hydrogen peroxide. in the present study, a full-length cdna sequence of catalase was cloned from the haemocytes of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna end method. the catalase cdna sequence contained 1,851 bp with an open reading frame of 1,551 bp encoding 516 amino acid residues. th ...201223073768
differential expression analysis of nuclear oligomerization domain proteins nod1 and nod2 in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides).nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins-1 and -2 (nod1 and nod2) are members of the nod-like receptors (nlrs) family. they are both cytoplasmic receptors, and sense microbial infections/danger molecules to induce host innate immune response. in this study, the full-length orf sequences of nod1 and nod2 were cloned, and the putative amino acid sequences were identified in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). the complete open reading frame (orf) of grouper nod1 con ...201222982325
comparative study on the antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid profiles of vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from four tunisian marine biotopes.the antibiotic resistance patterns and the plasmids profiles of the predominant etiological agent responsible for vibriosis in tunisia, v. alginolyticus were studied to contribute to control their spread in some mediterranean aquaculture farms and seawater. the sixty-nine v. alginolyticus strains isolated from different marine tunisian biotopes (bathing waters, aquaculture and conchylicole farms and a river connected to the seawater during the cold seasons) were multi-drug resistant with high re ...201222918722
withdrawn: effects of saponin supplementation diet on hematological, biochemical, and immunological responses in epinephelus bruneus against vibrio alginolyticus.this article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.201222906763
molecular cloning and characterization of class i nf-κb transcription factor from pearl oyster (pinctada fucata).nf-κb transcription factors play central roles in many important physiological and pathological processes including innate immune responses. here we report the cloning of an nf-κb transcription factor, pfrelish from pearl oyster pinctada fucata, one of the most important bivalve mollusks for seawater pearl production. pfrelish full-length cdna is 3916 bp with an open reading frame of 3558 bp encoding a putative protein of 1186 amino acids. the deduced pfrelish contains a n-terminal rhd, a nucleu ...201222796487
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (traf3) from pearl oyster pinctada fucata.traf3 is a highly versatile regulator that negatively regulates jnk and alternative nuclear factor-κb signalling, but positively controls type i interferon production. to investigate traf3 function in innate immune responses among invertebrate especially mollusk, we characterized traf3 (pftraf3) from pearl oyster pinctada fucata, one of the most important bivalve mollusks for seawater pearl production. pftraf3 cdna is 2261 bp with an open reading frame of 1623 bp encoding a putative protein of 5 ...201222796485
zinc effect on the sea urchin paracentrotus lividus immunological competence.pollution by heavy metals has become one of the most important problems in marine coastal areas as a consequence of anthropogenic inputs. among metal contaminants, zinc, being considered not very toxic, is sometimes released into the sea in appreciable quantities and its concentration is loosely regulated. in this work we analyzed the effects of a high zinc concentration on the sea urchin paracentrotus lividus immune system. in particular, after 24 h of zinc treatment, we evaluated coelomocytes ...201222717161
poly d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid-liposome encapsulated odn on innate immunity in epinephelus bruneus against vibrio alginolyticus.the efficacy of poly d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid (plga)-liposome (l) encapsulated oligodeoxynucleotides with unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine motifs (cpg-odns) on innate and adaptive immune response and disease resistance in kelp grouper (epinephelus bruneus) against vibrio alginolyticus at weeks 1, 2, and 4 is reported. the superoxide dismutase (sod), respiratory burst, and lysozyme activities significantly increased in e. bruneus when immunized with odn, plga+odn, l+odn, and plga+l+od ...201222551979
a new type of kazal proteinase inhibitor related to shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei immunity.a clone encoding a four-kazal domain-containing protein was isolated from the hemostats of a penaeus vannamei cdna library. the full-length cdna sequence is 975 bp in length and encodes a 24.4 kda protein (228 residues). four kazal domains, each 43-46 residues in length, were detected in the deduced primary structure. the first, third and fourth domains have the cplreelpvc, cpavydpvc and cplyvdpvc motifs, respectively, suggesting that they are able to inhibit chymotrypsin and elastase. the mrna ...201222542646
identification of the immune expressed sequence tags of pearl oyster (pinctada martensii, dunker 1850) responding to vibrio alginolyticus challenge by suppression subtractive hybridization.one hemolymph subtracted cdna library of pearl oyster (pinctada martensii, dunker 1837) was constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) in response to vibrio alginolyticus. a total of 1089 clones were sequenced. all the consensuses were recognized based on the blast searches in ncbi, and revealed that 376 (58%) of them had no significant matches to reported sequences in the database. 267 ests were in significant matches after homologous sequence searches. hypothesized genes ...201222515956
development and efficacy of an attenuated vibrio harveyi vaccine candidate with cross protectivity against vibrio alginolyticus.vibrio harveyi is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that can infect a wide range of marine animals. in previous studies, we have reported a virulent v. harveyi strain, t4d. in the present study, an attenuated mutant of t4d, t4dm, was obtained by selection of rifampicin resistance. compared to the wild type, t4dm was different in whole-cell protein profile and much slower in growth rate when cultured in stress conditions caused by iron depletion. virulence analysis showed that compared to t4d, t ...201222484605
characterization of poma mutants defective in the functional assembly of the na(+)-driven flagellar motor in vibrio alginolyticus.the polar flagellar motor of vibrio alginolyticus rotates using na(+) influx through the stator, which is composed of 2 subunits, poma and pomb. about a dozen stators dynamically assemble around the rotor, depending on the na(+) concentration in the surrounding environment. the motor torque is generated by the interaction between the cytoplasmic domain of poma and the c-terminal region of flig, a component of the rotor. we had shown previously that mutations of flig affected the stator assembly ...201222343296
downregulation of na(+)-nqr complex is essential for vibrio alginolyticus in resistance to balofloxacin.increasingly isolated frequency of antibiotic-resistant v. alginolyticus strains in clinic and aquaculture has been reported, but the mechanisms of v. alginolyticus antibiotic resistance are largely absent. in the present study, native/sds-page based proteomics, which may provide information on protein-protein interaction, was utilized to investigate differential proteins of v. alginolyticus in resistance to balofloxacin. ten proteins were altered, in which v12g01_04671, v12g01_00457, v12g01_159 ...201222465713
orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) toll-like receptor 22: molecular characterization, expression pattern and pertinent signaling pathways.the toll-like receptors (tlrs) are an important gene family in host innate immunologic surveillance. the tlr22 gene is an essential member of the tlrs that is only found in aquatic animals and has been detected in some bony fish. here, a tlr22 homolog, ectlr22, was characterized in the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) via homology cloning. the 3321 bp full-length cdna sequence of ectlr22 was obtained, which included an open reading frame of 2880 bp encoding a putative peptide of 960 ...201222683817
a new anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform (ptalf4) from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus exhibited structural and functional diversity of alfs.anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs) are the potent antimicrobial peptides that can bind and neutralize lipopolysaccharide (lps). in this study, a new isoform of the alf homologs (ptalf4) was cloned from eyestalk cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. ptalf4 shared lower amino acid similarity with other alfs, yet it contained the conserved lps-binding domain and was clearly member of the alf family. the genomic sequence of ptalf4 consisted of three exons interrupted by two int ...201222333564
characterization of a new phage, termed ϕa318, which is specific for vibrio alginolyticus.vibrio alginolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen of animals and humans; its related strains can also produce tetrodotoxin and hemolysins. a new phage, ϕa318, which lysed its host v. alginolyticus with high efficiency, was characterized. the burst size of ϕa318 in v. alginolyticus was 72 pfu/bacterium at an moi of 1 at room temperature; the plaque size was as large as 5 mm in diameter. electron microscopy (em) of the phage particles revealed a 50- to 55-nm isomorphous icosahedral head with a 12- ...201222327389
modulation of innate immunity and gene expressions in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei following long-term starvation and re-feeding.the survival rate, weight loss, immune parameters, resistance against vibrio alginolyticus and white-spot syndrome virus (wssv), and expressions of lipopolysaccharide- and ß-glucan-binding protein (lgbp), peroxinectin (px), prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme (ppa), prophenoloxidase (propo) i, propo ii, α2-macroglobulin (α2-m), integrin ß, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cytmnsod), mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtmnsod), and extracellular c ...201224371579
phenotypic characterization and rapd fingerprinting of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus isolated during tunisian fish farm outbreaks.the genus vibrio is characterized by a large number of species and some of them are human pathogens causing gastrointestinal and wound infections through the ingestion or manipulation of contaminated fishes and shellfish including vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus. in this study, we reported the phenotypic and molecular characterization of 9 v. parahaemolyticus and 27 v. alginolyticus strains isolated from outbreaks affecting cultured gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata l.) and sea ...201322684973
pclt, a novel c-type lectin from procambarus clarkii, is involved in the innate defense against vibrio alginolyticus and wssv.lectins play important roles in the innate immunity. in this work, a c-type lectin, pclt, was obtained from procambarus clarkii which contained a carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) with the ability to bind to vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (wssv). rt-pcr and qrt-pcr analyses demonstrated pclt was specifically expressed in the hepatopancreas and the mrna was markedly upregulated by v. alginolyticus and wssv challenge, although a slight difference in timing was observed. the ...201323085401
cloning and characterization of the splrr cdna from green mud crab, scylla paramamosain.infectious diseases have seriously inhibited the aquaculture of mud crab scylla paramamosain in southeastern china. identification of the immune molecules and characterization of the defense mechanisms will be pivotal to the reduction of these diseases. available data show that leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins play a crucial role in protein-protein interactions, recognition processes or immune reactions in both invertebrates and vertebrates. in the present study, we cloned and characterized a ...201323108257
effect of lipopolysaccharides from vibrio alginolyticus on the mx gene expression and virus recovery from gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata l.) experimentally infected with nodavirus.infections with nodavirus affect a wild and farmed fish species throughout the world, mostly from the marine environment. the aim of this work was to determine the immune status of gilthead sea bream that comes as a result of a nodavirus infection, induced by activation of the interferon response pathway by lipopolysaccharides from vibrio alginolyticus and the expression of interferoninduced mx protein in liver samples. the enhancement of mx protein gene expression was detected in liver samples ...201323092730
a newly identified anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs), exhibiting binding and neutralizing activities to lipopolysaccharide (lps), are the potent antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity in crustaceans. in this study, a unique isoform of alf (ptalf6) was identified from eyestalk cdna library of the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the full-length cdna of ptalf6 was 669 bp encoding 115 amino acids, relatively short to other known alfs. the deduced peptide of ptalf6 was conserved; it contained the signal ...201323257203
effects of the water extract of gynura bicolor (roxb. & willd.) dc on physiological and immune responses to vibrio alginolyticus infection in white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei).gynura bicolor (roxb. & willd.) dc is widely distributed in certain areas of asia and is very popular in vegetarian cuisine in taiwan. to investigate the regulatory roles of g. bicolor in various functions in crustaceans, we examined innate non-specific immune responses (including total hemocyte count (thc), phenoloxidase activity (po), respiratory bursts (rbs), and superoxide dismutase (sod) activity), physiological responses (including haemolymph glucose, lactate, and lipids), and gene express ...201323603309
litopenaeus vannamei sterile-alpha and armadillo motif containing protein (lvsarm) is involved in regulation of penaeidins and antilipopolysaccharide factors.the toll-like receptor (tlr)-mediated nf-κb pathway is tightly controlled because overactivation may result in severe damage to the host, such as in the case of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. in mammals, sterile-alpha and armadillo motif-containing protein (sarm) plays an important role in negatively regulating this pathway. while caenorhabditis elegans sarm is crucial for an efficient immune response against bacterial and fungal infections, it is still unknown whether drosophila sarm ...201323405063
dynamics of vibrio with virulence genes detected in pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardii) off california: implications for marine mammal health.given their coastal site fidelity and opportunistic foraging behavior, harbor seals (phoca vitulina) may serve as sentinels for coastal ecosystem health. seals using urbanized coastal habitat can acquire enteric bacteria, including vibrio that may affect their health. to understand vibrio dynamics in seals, demographic and environmental factors were tested for predicting potentially virulent vibrio in free-ranging and stranded pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardii) off california. vibri ...201323392641
first characterization of bacterial pathogen, vibrio alginolyticus, for porites andrewsi white syndrome in the south china sea.white syndrome, a term for scleractinian coral disease with progressive tissue loss, is known to cause depressed growth and increased morality of coral reefs in the major oceans around the world, and the occurrence of this disease has been frequently reported in the past few decades. investigations during april to september in both 2010 and 2011 identified widespread porites andrewsi white syndrome (paws) in xisha archipelago, south china sea. however, the causes and etiology of paws have been u ...201324086529
cloning and expression analysis of nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor 1 (ls-nccrp1) from red snapper (lutjanus sanguineus).it is well known that nonspecific cytotoxic cells (nccs) are kinds of natural killer cell mediated innate immune responses in teleosts. the nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1 (nccrp-1) is an important cell surface protein on ncc, which serves crucial functions in target cell recognition and cytotoxicity activation. in the present study, a nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor protein nccrp-1 (ls-nccrp1) was cloned from red snapper, lutjanus sanguineus. the ls-nccrp1 cdna is composed of ...201323911966
use of mixture design to construct a consortium of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit extract and potentially probiotic bacillus strain to confer protection against vibriosis in artemia culture.to find a biological control treatment applicable to shrimp hatcheries, the influence of the dietary administration of a consortium of two date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit extracts and potentially probiotic bacillus strain on artemia culture was studied. challenge tests were performed with virulent vibrio alginolyticus to assess the protective effects of deglet nour and degla fruit extracts alone or in conjunction with potentially probiotic bacillus strain.201323893402
characterization and expression of sphsp60 in hemocytes after challenge to bacterial, osmotic and thermal stress from the mud crab scylla paramamosain.hsp60 play a crucial role in the process of pathogenic and protective immune responses and is implicated in autoimmune disease. in order to understand the environmental response and immune response of this gene, we cloned a hsp60 (sphsp60) gene from the mud crab scylla paramamosain, localized sphsp60 in hemocytes by in situ hybridization, and detected the expression of sphsp60 after stresses in relation to three housekeeping genes (β-actin, 18s rrna and gapdh). the full-length of the sphsp60 cdn ...201323891593
fucoidan effectively provokes the innate immunity of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against experimental vibrio alginolyticus infection.in this study, we examined the effect of fucoidan on the immune response of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against vibrio alginolyticus infection. fucoidan induced degranulation, caused changes in the cell morphology, and increased activation of prophenoloxidase (propo) and the production of superoxide anions in vitro. shrimp that received fucoidan via immersion at 100, 200, and 400 mg l(-1) after 3 h showed haemocyte proliferation and a higher mitotic index of haematopoiet ...201323201320
innate immune responses and efficacy of using mushroom beta-glucan mixture (mbg) on orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, aquaculture.this study attempts to describe the effects of innate immunity responses and field application of mushroom beta-glucan mixture (mbg) in cultured orange-sported grouper, epinephelus coioides. chemical analysis for mbg showed that the mixture contains 34.06% of macro-molecular polymers with bio-active linkage such as 3-; 3,4- and 4,6-glucopyranosyl and 6-linked galactopyranosyl residues. study performed on the innate immunity showed that oral ingestion of mbg at 1.0 g and 2.0 g per kilogram of fee ...201323603237
genomic structure, characterization and expression analysis of a manganese superoxide dismutase from pearl oyster pinctada fucata.manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) is a major component of the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative damage. we cloned and analyzed the expression pattern and genomic structure of the mnsod gene of pearl oyster pinctada fucata, hereafter designated as pomnsod. the full-length pomnsod cdna was 1080 bp in length and consisted of a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 222 bp, a 3'-utr of 318 bp with a polyadenylation signal (aataaa) at 15 nucleotides upstream of the poly (a) tail, and an ope ...201323880235
polymorphisms of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors in the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus and their association with resistance/susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus.anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf) is an important antimicrobial peptide (amp) that can bind and neutralize major component of gram-negative bacteria cell wall, lipopolysaccharide (lps). seven isoforms of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ptalf1-7) were previously identified from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus in our laboratory. here, polymorphisms of ptalf1-7 were detected and their association with resistance/susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus (a main gram-negative bacteria ca ...201323567857
litopenaeus vannamei toll-interacting protein (lvtollip) is a potential negative regulator of the shrimp toll pathway involved in the regulation of the shrimp antimicrobial peptide gene penaeidin-4 (pen4).the toll-like receptor (tlr)-nuclear factor (nf)-κb signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals as a regulator of the expression of immune-related genes. in mammals, tlr-nf-κb signaling is tightly controlled because excessive activation of this pathway can result in severe damage to the host. the mammalian toll-interacting protein (tollip) has an important function in the negative regulation of this pathway, but no reports about invertebrate tollip have been published t ...201323500511
diversity of vibrio spp. isolated at ambient environmental temperature in the eastern english channel as determined by pyrh sequencing.to describe the diversity of the culturable mesophilic and potentially pathogenic vibrios isolated at 22 and 37°c on tcbs medium, in september 2009 from seawater and surface sediments.201323473469
selection of aptamers against inactive vibrio alginolyticus and application in a qualitative detection assay.aptamers against inactive vibrio alginolyticus were selected from an 82-nt ssdna random library by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. after 15 rounds of selection, the final pool of aptamers was highly specific for inactivated v. alginolyticus and had a dissociation constant of 27.5 ± 9.2 nm. using these aptamers and pcr, v. alginolyticus could be detected at 100 cells/ml. sequencing of the final pool of aptamers revealed that some sequences, termed high-frequency aptamer ...201323381690
expression of hsp70 in the mud crab, scylla paramamosain in response to bacterial, osmotic, and thermal stress.hsp70 is involved in immune responses against infectious pathogens, thermal, and osmotic stress. to understand the immune defense mechanisms of the mud crab scylla paramamosain, genomic dna, transcript level and antimicrobial activities of hsp70 were analyzed. genomic dna sequence analysis revealed one intron in this gene. furthermore, six snps were detected by direct sequencing from 30 samples in this study. hsp70 mrna was expressed in almost all tissues examined. by using the quantitative real ...201323325574
molecular cloning, genomic structure and antimicrobial activity of ptalf7, a unique isoform of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs), as the potent antimicrobial peptides, are becoming predominant candidates for potential therapeutic agents of bacterial and viral diseases. in this study, a unique isoform of alf (ptalf7) was identified from hemocytes cdna library of the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the ptalf7 cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 372 bp encoding 123 amino acids. the deduced peptide of ptalf7 shared high similarity with our previously reported ptalf1-3 b ...201323261507
dietary effect of rubus coreanus ethanolic extract on immune gene expression in white leg shrimp, penaeus vannamei.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of a rubus coreanus ethanolic extract on immunostimulatory response in white leg shrimp penaeus vannamei. shrimps with an average initial weight of 0.5 ± 0.04 g were collected and acclimatized for 10 days. four experimental diets including a control diet, a probiotic diet and 0.25 and 0.5% of r. coreanus ethanolic extract (rcee) diets were used to feed the shrimps. after 8 weeks of culture, shrimp fed with probioti ...201323811352
expression and immunogenicity analysis of accessory colonization factor a from vibrio alginolyticus strain hy9901.the accessory colonization factor a (acfa) of vibrio alginolyticus plays an important role in the efficient colonization of the bacterium and is potential candidates for vaccine development. in present study, the acfa gene was cloned, expressed and purified. western blot analysis revealed protein recognition with the native acfa in different v. alginolyticus strains. to analyze the immunogenicity of the recombinant acfa, lutjanus erythropterus bloch were immunized by intraperitoneal injection, a ...201323261505
mutation in the a-subunit of f(1)f(o)-atpase causes an increased motility phenotype through the sodium-driven flagella of vibrio.bacterial flagellar motors exploit the electrochemical potential gradient of a coupling ion as energy source and are composed of stator and rotor proteins. vibrio alginolyticus has a na(+)-driven motor and its stator is composed of poma and pomb. recently, we isolated increased motility strains (sp1-sp4) from the poma-n194d/pomb-d24n mutant whose motility was quite weak. to detect the responsible mutation, we have used a next-generation sequencer and determined the entire genome sequences of the ...201323750030
skin ulcer: a long-term complication after massive liquid silicone oil infiltration.despite scientific literature replete with stories of disastrous results and disfigurement, illicit subcutaneous injections of highly viscous fluids in massive quantities still are performed, often by unqualified persons. the authors present a devastating long-term outcome from a massive volume of silicone oil injected subcutaneously into the buttocks of a 48-year-old transsexual patient and its ulceration treated only through regular medications.201324045933
identification and cloning of the second type transglutaminase from litopenaeus vannamei, and its transcription following pathogen infection and in relation to the haemolymph coagulation.complementary (c)dna encoding transglutaminaseii (tgii) messenger (m)rna of white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, was cloned from haemocytes by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) using oligonucleotide primers based on the tg sequence of the horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus (accession no.: baa02134), tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon (aav49005; aao33455), kuruma shrimp, marsupenaeus japonicus (bad36808) and pacifastacus leniuscul ...201324036331
occurrence, characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio alginolyticus in the eastern adriatic sea.in 2007-2008, 162 samples (72 marine water samples, 90 swabs from the gills and skin) were collected from three european seabass fish farms in eastern adriatic. the aim of study was to determine the occurrence of vibrio, to identify the isolated strains and to investigate their antimicrobial resistance. the comparison of the results obtained in spring and autumn periods indicated a higher vibrio concentration in spring samplings. the greatest prevalence of vibrio alginolyticus was on gills than ...201324012112
vsco, a putative t3ss chaperone escort of vibrio alginolyticus, contributes to virulence in fish and is a target for vaccine development.type iii secretion system (t3ss) in vibrio alginolyticus is essential for its pathogenesis. vsco's homologous proteins flij, invi and ysco have been suggested to be putative chaperone escorts although its function in v. alginolyticus is unclear. to investigate the physiological role of vsco, a mutant strain of v. alginolyticus with an in-frame deletion of the vsco gene was constructed in the present study. one finding was that the mrna expression levels of sycd, vopb and vopd proteins decreased ...201323994282
draft genome sequence of the human-pathogenic bacterium vibrio alginolyticus e0666.vibrio alginolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic bacterium with worldwide distribution. in this work, we report the draft genome sequence of a v. alginolyticus strain (e0666) isolated from epinephelus coioides ascites in the shantou city of guangdong province, china.201323990586
mechanistic and statistical models of total vibrio abundance in the neuse river estuary.bacteria in the genus vibrio are ubiquitous to estuarine waters worldwide and are often the dominant genus recovered from these environments. this genus contains several potentially pathogenic species, including vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio alginolyticus. these bacteria have short generation times, as low as 20-30 min, and can thus respond rapidly to changing environmental conditions. a five-parameter mechanistic model was generated based on environment ...201323948561
pretreatment of macroalgae for volatile fatty acid production.in this study, a novel method was proposed for the biological pretreatment of macroalgae (laminaria japonica, pachymeniopsis elliptica, and enteromorpha crinita) for production of volatile fatty acid (vfa) by anaerobic fermentation. the amount of vfa produced from 40 g/l of l. japonica increased from 8.3 g/l (control) to 15.6 g/l when it was biologically pretreated with vibrio harveyi. the biological treatment of l. japonica with vibrio spp. was most effective likely due to the alginate lyase ac ...201323942360
pathological analysis of hemolymphs of charybdis japonica infected with vibrio alginolyticus.we explored the pathogenic mechanism of vibrio alginolyticus in the stone crab charybdis japonica by studying the hemolymph of c. japonica artificially infected by v. alginolyticus. to this end, wright-geimsa staining and electron microscopy were used, and phenoloxidase (po) activity and the immune protection rate of c. japonica injected with immune polysaccharide during infection were analyzed. the results indicated that the total hemocyte and hyaline hemocyte (hh) counts in diseased crabs were ...201324036334
temporal and spatial distribution patterns of potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. at recreational beaches of the german north sea.the number of reported vibrio-related wound infections associated with recreational bathing in northern europe has increased within the last decades. in order to study the health risk from potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. in the central wadden sea, the seasonal and spatial distribution of vibrio vulnificus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio cholerae were investigated at ten recreational beaches in this area over a 2-year period. v. alginolyticus and v. parahaemolyticus w ...201323563708
distribution and pathogenic relationship of virulence associated genes among vibrio alginolyticus from the mariculture systems.vibrio alginolyticus has been confirmed as an important pathogen for aquatic animals. however, the pathogenic mechanism of v. alginolyticus is not completely understood. a total of 31 isolates of v. alginolyticus from sea water, fish and shrimp on the mariculture systems were fingerprinted by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the pathogenicity of these isolates was tested by challenge and the 21 genes associated with the virulence of vibrio cholerae or vibrio parahaemolyticus were examined in v. ...201323562411
genotypic diversity, antimicrobial resistance and screening of vibrio cholerae molecular virulence markers in vibrio alginolyticus strains recovered from a tunisian ruditapes decussatus hatchery.in this study, a total of 54 vibrio alginolyticus strains were analyzed. the isolates were recovered from different compartments of the ruditapes decussatus hatchery in the national institute of marine sciences and technologies, monastir, tunisia. all isolates were biochemically identified (api 20e and api zym strips), characterized by amplification of the hsp-40 gene polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and analyzed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-based genotyping to evalua ...201324459831
protection against vibrio alginolyticus in crimson snapper lutjanus erythropterus immunized with a dna vaccine containing the ompw gene.the outer membrane proteins of vibrio alginolyticus play an important role in the virulence of the bacterium and are potential candidates for vaccine development. in the present study, the ompw gene was cloned, expressed and purified. a dna vaccine was constructed by inserting the ompw gene into a pcdna plasmid. crimson snapper lutjanus erythropterus (bloch) were injected intramuscularly with the recombinant plasmid pcdna-ompw. the expression of the dna vaccine was detected in gill, head kidney, ...201324062551
improvement of innate immune responses and defense activity in tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon fab.) by intramuscular administration of the outer membrane protein vibrio alginolyticus.the outer membrane protein (omp) of vibrio alginolyticus cell wall was administered intramuscularly (im) to the tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon fab.) at 10, 20, 30 μg/kg bw. after 14 days infection, the tiger shrimps were challenged with 10(7) bacterial density of vibrio harveyi for 24 hours. the total haemocyte count (thc), differential haemocyte count (dhc) and amount of total protein plasma (tpp), superoxide dismutase and protease enzyme activity were monitored. the results showed that intramus ...201324058892
transcriptome profiling analysis on whole bodies of microbial challenged eriocheir sinensis larvae for immune gene identification and snp development.to study crab immunogenetics of individuals, newly hatched eriocheir sinensis larvae were stimulated with a mixture of three pathogen strains (gram-positive bacteria micrococcus luteus, gram-negative bacteria vibrio alginolyticus and fungi pichia pastoris; 10(8) cfu·ml(-1)). a total of 44,767,566 illumina clean reads corresponding to 4.52 gb nucleotides were generated and assembled into 100,252 unigenes (average length: 1,042 bp; range: 201-19,357 bp). 17,097 (26.09%) of 65,535 non-redundant uni ...201324324760
characterization and functional analysis of serine proteinase and serine proteinase homologue from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.serine proteases (sps), with their homologues (sphs), a family of multifunctional proteins, play a crucial role in innate immune system. in our present study, we made an appropriate correction: serine protease homologue ptcsph (li et al., [1]) obtained from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus was actually a serine protease and re-designated as ptcsp. sequence analysis revealed ptcsp and ptsp (li et al., [2]) might be encoded by the same genomic locus and generated by alternative splicing ...201323664866
molecular characterization and function of a p38 mapk gene from litopenaeus vannamei.p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are broadly expressed from yeasts to mammals, and are involved in the regulation of cells responsible to various extracellular stimuli. in this study, a p38 mapk gene (designated as lvp38) from litopenaeus vannamei, was cloned and characterized. it contained the conserved structures of a thr-gly-tyr (tgy) motif and a substrate-binding site, ala-thr-arg-trp (atrw). the tissue distribution patterns showed that lvp38 was widely expressed in all examined ...201323500954
caenorhabditis elegans-based in vivo screening of bioactives from marine sponge-associated bacteria against vibrio alginolyticus.to establish caenorhabditis elegans based in vivo method for screening bioactives from marine sponge associated bacteria (sab) against vibrio species.201324034129
biological characteristics and probiotic effect of leuconostoc lactis strain isolated from the intestine of black porgy fish.a strain of lactic acid bacteria, leuconostoc lactis, was isolated from the intestinal tract of black porgy, sparus macrocephalus, and identified by conventional biochemical characteristics and 16s rdna gene sequence analysis. the isolated strain had the ability of bile tolerance and resistance to low ph, and survived well in the trypsinase and pepsin solution. but the highly concentrated dose of trypsinase and pepsin affect the viability of the isolated strain. the isolate was resistant to seve ...201324516418
expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) in response to bacterial challenge and tissue injury in the pearl oyster, pinctada martensii.allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1), an interferon (ifn)-γ-inducible calcium-binding cytokine, is associated with the inflammatory response and defense. we cloned and analyzed the expression pattern of the aif-1 gene of the pearl oyster pinctada martensii, hereafter designated pmaif-1. the full-length pmaif-1 cdna is 946 bp in length and consists of a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 120 bp, a 3'-utr of 376 bp, and an open reading frame (orf) of 450 bp encoding a polypeptide of 149 amino acid ...201323178259
effects of enteromyxum leei (myxozoa) infection on gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) (teleostei) intestinal mucus: glycoprotein profile and bacterial adhesion.the intestinal myxosporean parasite enteromyxum leei causes severe desquamative enteritis in gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) (teleostei) that impairs nutrient absorption causing anorexia and cachexia. in fish, as in terrestrial vertebrates, intestinal goblet cells are responsible for the adherent mucus secretion overlying epithelial cells, which constitutes a first line of innate immune defense against offending microorganisms but serves also as substrate and nutrient source for the commensal ...201323086443
transcriptome analysis and discovery of genes involved in immune pathways from hepatopancreas of microbial challenged mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis is an important economic crustacean and has been seriously attacked by various diseases, which requires more and more information for immune relevant genes on genome background. recently, high-throughput rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology provides a powerful and efficient method for transcript analysis and immune gene discovery.201323874555
integrating conjugative elements of the sxt/r391 family from fish-isolated vibrios encode restriction-modification systems that confer resistance to bacteriophages.integrating conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family have been described in vibrios, mainly vibrio cholerae, and other bacteria as carriers of variable gene content conferring adaptive advantages upon their hosts, including antimicrobial resistance and motility regulation. however, our knowledge on their host range and ecological significance is still limited. here, we report the identification and characterization of icevsppor3 and icevalspa1, two novel ices of the sxt/r391 family fro ...201322974320
electrochemical disinfection of fish pathogens in seawater without the production of a lethal concentration of chlorine using a flow reactor.an electrochemical disinfection system employing a honeycombed platinum coated titanium electrode was developed for the disinfection of seawater. cell suspensions (2 l, 10³ cells/ml) of the fish pathogens, vibrio alginolyticus, edwardsiella tarda, lactococcus garvieae and vibrio anguillarum were circulated in a reactor equipped with 10 sets of these electrodes at a flow rate of 200 ml/min with an applied potential of 1.0 v vs. ag/agcl reference electrode. the circulated cells were completely dis ...201323648105
the mosaic accessory gene structures of the sxt/r391-like integrative and conjugative elements derived from vibrio spp. isolated from aquatic products and environment in the yangtze river estuary, china.the emergence, resurgence and spread of human food-borne pathogenic vibrios are one of the major contributors to disease burden and mortality particularly in developing countries with disputable sanitary conditions. previous research on pathogenic vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolitycus derived from clinical samples has proposed links between acquisition of virulence and multiple drug resistance traits and intercellular transmissibility of mobile genetic elements in the environment. to date, ...201324074349
insight into the assembly mechanism in the supramolecular rings of the sodium-driven vibrio flagellar motor from the structure of flgt.flagellar motility is a key factor for bacterial survival and growth in fluctuating environments. the polar flagellum of a marine bacterium, vibrio alginolyticus, is driven by sodium ion influx and rotates approximately six times faster than the proton-driven motor of escherichia coli. the basal body of the sodium motor has two unique ring structures, the t ring and the h ring. these structures are essential for proper assembly of the stator unit into the basal body and to stabilize the motor. f ...201323530206
fluorescence imaging of gfp-fused periplasmic components of na+-driven flagellar motor using tat pathway in vibrio alginolyticus.the twin-arginine translocation (tat) system works to export folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane via specific signal peptides harbouring a twin-arginine motif. in escherichia coli, a functional gfp is exported to the periplasm through the tat pathway by fusion of the signal peptide of tora, which is one of the periplasmic proteins exported by the tat pathway. in this study, we fused the signal peptide of vibrio alginolyticus tora (torasp) to gfp and demonstrate the export of function ...201323457404
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