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first molluscan tnf-alpha homologue of the tnf superfamily in disk abalone: molecular characterization and expression analysis.tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is considered as a multifunctional immune modulator that plays an important role in the innate and adaptive immune systems in vertebrates. here, we described the characterization and expression analysis of the first tnf-alpha homologue in mollusk abalone, named as abtnf-alpha. it has 930-bp full length with a 717-bp open reading frame (orf), encoding 239 amino acids. the abtnf-alpha amino acid sequence shows the characteristic tnf family signature, n-termi ...200918984056
a second propo present in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and expression of the propos during a vibrio alginolyticus injection, molt stage, and oral sodium alginate ingestion.prophenoloxidase (propo) is a melanin-synthesising enzyme that plays important roles in immune responses by crustaceans. previously, we cloned and characterized propo-i from white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei. in the present study, a novel prophenoloxidase-ii (propo-ii) cdna was also cloned from haemocytes of l. vannamei using oligonucleotide primers and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). both 3'- and 5'-regions were isolated by the rapid amplification of complementary (c) ...200918984057
the immune response of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus under low and high ph stress.white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (also known as penaeus vannamei) held in 34 per thousand seawater at ph 8.2 were injected with tryptic soy broth (tsb)-grown vibrio alginolyticus at 8 x 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp(-1), and then transferred to tanks at ph 6.5, 8.2 (control) and 10.1, respectively. after 24-168 h, the mortality of v. alginolyticus-injected shrimp that were transferred to ph 6.5 and ph 10.1 tanks was significantly higher than that of v. alginolyticus-injected shrimp he ...200818990589
molecular characterization and expression analysis of the ikappab gene from pearl oyster pinctada fucata.inhibitor of nf-kappab (ikappab) is one important member of nf-kappab signal pathway and plays a pivotal role in regulating the innate immune response of invertebrate. herein, we described the isolation and characterization of pearl oyster pinctada fucata ikappab gene (designated as poikappab). the poikappab cdna was 1975 bp long and consisted of a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 73 bp, a 3' utr of 807 bp with three rna instability motifs (attta) and a polyadenylation signal (aataaa) at 13 nucle ...200919010421
cloning and expression of heat shock protein 70 gene in the haemocytes of pearl oyster (pinctada fucata, gould 1850) responding to bacterial challenge.the cdna of pearl oyster pinctada fucata hsp70 (designated pfhsp70) was cloned by est and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) techniques. the full length of pfhsp70 cdna was 2376 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 89 bp, a 3' terminal utr of 328 bp, and an open reading frame (orf) of 1959 bp encoding a polypeptide of 652 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 71.42 kda and an estimated isoelectric point of 5.18. blast analysis revealed that the pfhsp70 g ...200919026750
pacemaker infection due to vibrio alginolyticus. 200819046705
evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei.effects of essential oils and hot-water extracts isolated from leaf and twig of stout camphor tree, cinnamomum kanehirae on antibacterial activity to pathogen of fish, abalone, marine fish and freshwater prawn, and the white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei immunity and disease resistance to vibrio alginolyticus were carried out in this study. a better antibacterial activity against nine selected pathogen bacteria was recorded in twig essential oil, and the selected pathogens of both gram-positive b ...200919063975
flagellar motility in bacteria structure and function of flagellar motor.bacterial flagella are filamentous organelles that drive cell locomotion. they thrust cells in liquids (swimming) or on surfaces (swarming) so that cells can move toward favorable environments. at the base of each flagellum, a reversible rotary motor, which is powered by the proton- or the sodium-motive force, is embedded in the cell envelope. the motor consists of two parts: the rotating part, or rotor, that is connected to the hook and the filament, and the nonrotating part, or stator, that co ...200819081534
enhancement of immunity and disease resistance in the white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, by the probiotic, bacillus subtilis e20.effects of bacillus subtilis e20 isolated from fermented soybean on immune parameters and the disease resistance of the white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) after 98 days of b. subtilis e20 feeding were evaluated in this study. shrimp fed b. subtilis e20-containing diets at concentrations of 10(6) (e206), 10(7) (e207), and 10(8) (e208)cfu kg(-1), respectively, had significantly increased survival rates of 13.3%, 16.7%, and 20%, compared to the control (fed no probiotic) after being challenged wit ...200919111620
adhesive properties of environmental vibrio alginolyticus strains to biotic and abiotic surfaces.the ability of vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from a bathing and fishing area (khenis, centre of tunisia) to adhere to both biotic and abiotic surfaces was evaluated in the present work. the biochemical, physiological and enzymatic activities of all strains was also investigated. three morphotypes of v. alginolyticus were obtained on congo red agar and only 14 strains produced black colonies. the majority of strains were able to degrade the skin mucus of both sparus aurata and dicentrarch ...200819123304
cloning and expression of a hepcidin gene from a marine fish (pseudosciaena crocea) and the antimicrobial activity of its synthetic peptide.hepcidin gene is widely expressed in various fish, suggesting that this antimicrobial peptide is a very important component in the innate immune system. large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea) is one of the important economic species of marine-cultured fish but knowledge of its innate immune mechanism is lacking. in this study, we characterize a p. crocea hepcidin gene named as pc-hepc. it consists of an open reading frame of 258 bases encoding 85 amino acids and has a conserved sequence in ...200919150638
sodium-dependent dynamic assembly of membrane complexes in sodium-driven flagellar motors.the bacterial flagellar motor is driven by the electrochemical potential of specific ions, h(+) or na(+). the motor consists of a rotor and stator, and their interaction generates rotation. the stator, which is composed of poma and pomb in the na(+) motor of vibrio alginolyticus, is thought to be a torque generator converting the energy of ion flux into mechanical power. we found that specific mutations in pomb, including d24n, f33c and s248f, which caused motility defects, affected the assembly ...200919183284
molecular typing and identification of bdellovibrio-and-like organisms isolated from seawater shrimp ponds and adjacent coastal waters.to apply and compare two pcr-based methods for typing saltwater bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos) and to understand ecological and phylogenetic aspects of the balos isolated from shrimp mariculture systems.200919191952
depuration of striped venus clam (chamelea gallina l.): effects on microorganisms, sand content, and mortality.this study was focused on the evaluation of the microbiological indices, defined by european legislation, before and after the depuration of clams (chamelea gallina) landed in category b seawater. the survival of depurated clams and the meat yield were also evaluated. the results obtained from october 2002 to september 2003 evidenced a mean microbial reduction during depuration of 62% for escherichia coli and 54% for fecal coliforms (fc). all the samples had fc counts below the limit after 24 h ...200919200100
vibrio alginolyticus gyrb sequence analysis and gyrb-targeted pcr identification in environmental isolates.gyrb fragments (about 1.2 kb) of 9 vibrio alginolyticus strains were sequenced, and their phylogenetic relationship with other closely related vibrio species was analyzed. all the v. alginolyticus strains grouped into one strongly supported cluster in the phylogenetic tree. there were 54 base variations among the 1167 bp mutual gyrb regions of 11 v. alginolyticus strains; all the v. alginolyticus strains shared the same amino acid sequence except v. alginolyticus atcc 17749. based on the gyrb se ...200819244972
high potential of adhesion to abiotic and biotic materials in fish aquaculture facility by vibrio alginolyticus strains.the ability of vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from sparus aurata and dicentrarchus labrax nursery to adhere to epithelial cell lines (hep-2 and caco-2), fish mucus and their ability to form a biofilm on different surfaces (glass, polystyrene, polyethylene and polyvinyl-chloride) was investigated in this study.200919245411
the effect of long-range hydrodynamic interaction on the swimming of a single bacterium.it has been theoretically suggested that when a bacterium swims in a fluid, the disturbance it creates is long-ranged and can influence its locomotion. the contribution of these long-range hydrodynamic interactions to swimming cells is examined herein for a number of bacterial strains with well-defined flagellar geometries. we show experimentally for the first time that long-range hydrodynamic interactions are important for an accurate description of the swimming of a single cell, and the effect ...200919254562
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a clip-domain serine protease from pearl oyster pinctada fucata.the clip-domain serine proteases (sps) are the essential components of extracellular signaling cascade in various biological processes, especially in embryonic development and the innate immune responses of invertebrate. herein, we described the isolation and characterization of pearl oyster pinctada fucata clip-domain sp gene (designated as posp). the posp cdna was 1080 bp long and consisted of a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 13 bp, a 3'-utr of 68 bp with a polyadenylation signal (aataaa) at ...200919254766
purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of an aminoacylhistidine dipeptidase (pepd) from vibrio alginolyticus.the aminoacylhistidine dipeptidase (pepd) protein encoded by vibrio alginolyticus pepd was successfully overexpressed and characterized and the putative active-site residues responsible for metal binding and catalysis were identified. the purified enzyme contained two zinc ions per monomer. the recombinant dipeptidase enzyme, which was identified as a homodimer in solution, exhibited broad substrate specificity for xaa-his dipeptides, with highest activity towards the his-his dipeptide. the puri ...200919255468
induction of phenoloxidases in the humoral fluids of amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri by vibrio alginolyticus and escherichia coli.the humoral immune responses of amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri to microbial challenge remain open to date. here we examined the changes in po activity in the humoral fluids in amphioxus before and after challenge with escherichia coli and vibrio alginolyticus. it was found that po activity in the humoral fluids is markedly increased by challenge with e. coli and v. alginolyticus; and the microbial challenge results in a significant rise in subunit 2 of the three po subunits, making po subunit ...200919264135
genomic diversity of vibrios associated with the brazilian coral mussismilia hispida and its sympatric zoanthids (palythoa caribaeorum, palythoa variabilis and zoanthus solanderi).a taxonomic survey of the vibrios associated with the brazilian endemic coral mussismilia hispida and the sympatric zoanthids (i.e. palythoa caribaeorum, palythoa variabilis and zoanthus solanderi).200919291243
[establishment of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of vibrio alginolyticus].vibrio alginolyticus is the main vibrio pathogen in aquaculture in the south of china. a one step loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for detection of vibrio alginolyticus. a set of primers were designed from the ompk sequence of vibrio alginolyticus. the assay was optimised to amplify vibrio alginolyticus dna by incubation at 65 degrees c for only 1 h, and required only a simple water bath or heating block to provide a constant temperature of 65 degrees c. lamp amp ...200919306691
white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei that received the hot-water extract of gracilaria tenuistipitata showed earlier recovery in immunity after a vibrio alginolyticus injection.white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei which had been immersed in seawater containing the hot-water extract of gracilaria tenuistipitata at 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 mg l(-1) for 3 h, were challenged with vibrio alginolyticus at 4.6 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp(-1) and then placed in normal seawater (34 per thousand). the survival rates of shrimp immersed in 200, 400, and 600 mg l(-1) of the hot-water extract were significantly higher than those of control shrimp over 48-120 h. in a ...200919332131
effects of temperature change on the innate cellular and humoral immune responses of orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides and its susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus.orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides held at 27 degrees c were then further cultured at 19, 27 (control), and 35 degrees c, and were examined for innate cellular and humoral responses after 3-96 h. the total leucocyte count, respiratory burst, and phagocytic activity significantly decreased 3, 48, and 96 h after fish were transferred to 19 and 35 degrees c. both the alternative complement pathway (ach(50)) and the lysozyme activity significantly decreased at 3-96 h after fish were transfe ...200919332138
identification of immune cells interacting with vibrio spp. and its in vitro post-phagocytic killing mechanism of haemocytes in the penaeid shrimp, penaeus indicus h. milne edwards.immune cells were identified and their interaction towards vibrio alginolyticus, v. parahaemolyticus and v. anguillarum was studied in vitro in the penaeid shrimp, penaeus indicus. haemocytes were divided into agranulocytes, semi-dense granulocytes and dense granulocytes according to their morphology. agranulocytes (100%) and 0.3-0.7% of granulocytes were actively involved in coagulation. granulocytes were involved in in vitro phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign materials. phagocytosis was ...200919335612
identification and cloning of the alpha2-macroglobulin of giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii and its expression in relation with the molt stage and bacteria injection.the full-length complementary (c)dna of the alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2m) gene was cloned from haemocytes of the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna end (race) methods. the 4875-bp cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 4419 bp, a 95-bp 5'-untranslated region (utr), and a 361-bp 3' utr containing the poly a tail. the orf encodes a protein of 1472 amino acids (aa) with a 23-residue sign ...200919340942
suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (socs-2) homologue in disk abalone: cloning, sequence characterization and expression analysis.suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) proteins are inhibitors of cytokine signaling pathways and key physiological regulators of both innate and adaptive immune systems in vertebrates. in present study, we provided the initial characterization of socs-2 homologue from the mollusk abalone haliotis discus discus as a member of invertebrate socs-2. the disk abalone socs-2 cdna (absocs-2) contains 1700-bp full length with 771-bp coding sequence, which codes 257 amino acids protein. based on the se ...200919340953
isolation and characterization of a hepcidin peptide from the head kidney of large yellow croaker, pseudosciaena crocea.large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea) is one of the most important marine cultured fish in china. acidic extracts of five tissues of large yellow croaker showed strong anti-vibrio alginolyticus activity. acidic extract of head kidney tissue was subjected to heat-treatment in boiling water, and solid-phase extraction on sep-pak c(18) cartridge. it was found that the antibacterial substances were heat stable, and 20% acetonitrile effluent exhibited strong antibacterial activity. active extra ...200919344770
enzymatic, outer membrane proteins and plasmid alterations of starved vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus cells in seawater.the marine bacteria vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus were incubated in seawater for 8 months to evaluate their adaptative responses to starvation. the starved cells showed an altered biochemical and enzymatic profiles, respectively, on api 20e and api zym systems and an evolution to the filterable minicells state capable to pass membrane pore size 0.45 microm. outer membrane proteins patterns of stressed bacteria were also altered. indeed, these modifications were manifested by the a ...200919373459
unusual marine pathogens causing cellulitis and bacteremia in hemodialysis patients: report of two cases and review of the literature.cellulitis in immunocompetent hosts is usually caused by skin organisms and responds to oral antibiotics. in immunocompromised hosts, such as end-stage renal disease (esrd) patients, unusual organisms with unpredictable pathogenicity can cause infections. we present two cases with isolates that are usually encountered in coastal waters. the first case describes a 71-year-old african-american esrd patient who presented with bacteremia secondary to a wound infection after exposure to flood waters ...200319379389
global climate change and wound care: case study of an off-season vibrio alginolyticus infection in a healthy man.vibrio alginolyticus is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium normally present in seawater. vibrios are not capable of cutaneous invasion through intact skin and their isolation from extraintestinal sites is uncommon. however, interruptions in skin integrity (cuts or abrasions) can allow these bacteria to cause complicated skin and soft tissues infections. this case study describes the clinical assessment and management of a nonhealing traumatic wound, sustained in a coastal area during the winte ...200919387097
acute effects of the antibiotic oxytetracycline on the bacterial community of the grass shrimp, palaemonetes pugio.the toxicity of oxytetracycline (otc) was evaluated in adult grass shrimp, palaemonetes pugio. initially, static acute (96 h) toxicity tests were conducted with shrimp exposed from 0 to 1,000 mg/l otc. a calculated lethal concentration 50% value of 683.30 mg/l otc (95% confidence interval 610.85-764.40 mg/l) was determined from these tests, along with a lowest-observable-effect concentration of 750 mg/l and no-observable-effect concentration of 500 mg/l. moreover, chronic sublethal effects of ot ...200919400597
phenotypic and genetic differences between opaque and translucent colonies of vibrio alginolyticus.many pathogens undergo phase variation between rugose and smooth colony morphology or between opaque and translucent colony morphology, which is mainly due to the variation in the surface polysaccharides. in this study, vibrio alginolyticus zj-51 displayed phase variation between opaque, rugose colonies (op) and translucent, smooth colonies (tr). unlike the vibrios reported previously, tr cells of zj-51 enhanced biofilm formation and motility, but they did not differ from op cells in the quantit ...200919408137
inhibitory effects of partially decomposed alginate on production of glucan and organic acid by streptococcus sobrinus 6715.our previous study has already clarified that partially decomposed alginate (alg53) by vibrio alginolyticus sun53 has a competitive inhibitory effect on sucrase. the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of alg53 on the production of glucan from sucrose by glucosyltransferase and acid from glucose by streptococcus sobrinus 6715. glucosyltransferase was prepared from cultural medium of s. sobrinus using ultrafiltration and hydroxyapatite chromatography. in order to examine the inhi ...200919430617
inhibitor of rel/nf-kappab is regulated in sydney rock oysters in response to specific double-stranded rna and vibrio alginolyticus, but the major immune anti-oxidants ecsod and prx6 are non-inducible.invertebrates, such as oysters have mechanisms to recognize different microbial associated molecular patterns (mamps) and recognition of these antigens triggers signaling pathways for the transcription of immune-related proteins. components of the rel/nf-(capital ka, cyrillic)b pathway have been identified in mollusks but the role of different mamps in the activation of this pathway is poorly understood. in the current study, the sydney rock oyster (saccostrea glomerata) was injected intramuscul ...200919464374
role of alkaline serine protease, asp, in vibrio alginolyticus virulence and regulation of its expression by luxo-luxr regulatory system.the alkaline serine protease asp, which was shown to be a virulence factor of vibrio alginolyticus as a purified protein, was cloned from v. alginolyticus epgs, a strain recently isolated from moribund epinephelus coioides in an outbreak of vibriosis in a mariculture farm of shenzhen. the asp null mutant was constructed by homologous recombination with suicide plasmid pnq705-1. compared with the wild-type strain, the asp null mutant exhibited a significant decrease of total extracellular proteas ...200919494689
isolation of a novel strain of bacillus pumilus from penaeid shrimp that is inhibitory against marine pathogens.a bacterium was isolated from the mid-gut of healthy black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, based on a large zone of inhibition in mixed culture on solid medium. the isolate was a gram-positive, motile spore former, with an optimum ph range for growth in tryptone soya broth containing 2% nacl of between ph 6 and 9. the bacterium was highly salt tolerant with concentrations between 0% and 8% having no detrimental effect on growth. the isolate was identified as bacillus pumilus based on physiologica ...200919573134
a novel fas ligand in mollusk abalone: molecular characterization, immune responses and biological activity of the recombinant protein.fas ligand is a member of the tnf superfamily that plays an important role by inducing apoptosis and homeostasis of immune responses. the gene encoding fas ligand was isolated from a disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) cdna library, denoted as the abfas ligand. it contains an 1832bp transcript with a 945bp open reading frame, encoding 315 amino acids. the abfas ligand showed characteristic transmembrane and tnf family signature domains. the deduced amino acid comparison showed that the abfas l ...200919576285
mutational analysis of the gtp-binding motif of flhf which regulates the number and placement of the polar flagellum in vibrio alginolyticus.precise regulation of the number and placement of flagella is critical for the mono-flagellated bacterium vibrio alginolyticus to swim efficiently. we previously proposed a model in which the putative gtpase flhf determines the polar location and generation of the flagellum, the putative atpase flhg interacts with flhf to prevent flhf from localizing to the pole, and thus flhg negatively regulates the flagellar number in v. alginolyticus cells. to investigate the role of the gtp-binding motif of ...200919605463
identification of broad cross-protective immunogens using heterogeneous antiserum-based immunoproteomic approach.bacterium is still one of the major causes of life-threatening microbial infections. the most effective way to control bacterial infections is probably vaccine prevention. however, development of bacterial vaccine, especially polyvalent vaccines that could be used to fight against a variety of bacterial serotypes and species, is challenging due to the difficulty in identifying broad cross-protective antigens for different serotypes and species of pathogenic bacteria. in the present study, we dev ...200919640004
endophthalmitis caused by vibrio alginolyticus.vibrio alginolyticus is a facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacillus found in normal marine flora. ocular infections induced by v. alginolyticus are extremely rare. we report a case of endophthalmitis caused by v. alginolyticus to draw attention to v. alginolyticus infections following ocular injuries.200919710275
characteristics of na-dependent respiratory chain in vibrio anguillarum, a fish pathogen, in comparison with other marine vibrios.the activity of membrane-bound nadh oxidase of vibrio anguillarum m93 (serotype j-o-1), which causes vibriosis in freshwater area was activated by na(+) in the same manner as other marine vibrios. however, in addition to na(+), k(+) was also found to positively enhance the nadh oxidase activity of strain m93. this tendency has not been recognized in other marine vibrios. furthermore, the na(+)-dependent nadh oxidase of strain m93 required less na(+) (0.1 m) for its maximum activity than those of ...200319719639
alterations of outer membrane proteins and virulence genes expression in gamma-irradiated vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus.gamma-irradiation technology sterilizes microorganisms and thereby prevents decay and improves the safety and shelf stability of food products. in this study we treated the foodborne pathogens vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus with gamma-irradiation (0.5 kgy) to evaluate their adaptative response. outer membrane protein patterns of irradiated bacteria were found altered when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these modifications were manifested ...200919735197
extraintestinal vibrio infections in mauritius.few extraintestinal vibrio infections have been reported in the african region. we report 3 cases from mauritius: one case of vibrio alginolyticus otitis externa; one case of soft tissue infection caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus; and one fatal case of non-o1 v. cholerae cellulitis and septicaemia.200819745511
molecular cloning of mud crab scylla serrata peroxinectin and its expression following vibrio alginolyticus and peptidoglycan injections. 201019751834
cdna cloning, identification, tissue localisation, and transcription profile of a transglutaminase from white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, after infection by vibrio alginolyticus.complementary (c)dna encoding transglutaminase (tg) messenger (m)rna of white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, was cloned from haemocytes by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) using oligonucleotide primers based on the tg sequence of the horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus (accession no.: baa02134); tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon (aal78166); and pacifastacus leniusculus (af336805). the 2638-bp cdna contained an open reading frame ...200919782141
immune parameters in the humoral fluids of amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri challenged with vibrio alginolyticus.the knowledge concerning the humoral immunity is scarce in amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri. this study measured the humoral parameters including lysozyme, antimicrobial activity, microbial agglutinin and haemagglutinin in amphioxus humoral fluids before and after vibrio alginolyticus challenge. after challenged with v. alginolyticus, the lysozyme activity, growth inhibiting activities against escherichia coli and v. alginolyticus and microbial agglutinating activities against micrococcus lysode ...201019800008
molecular cloning and characterization of a heat shock protein 70 gene in swimming crab (portunus trituberculatus).hsp70 can stimulate cells of the innate immune system directly by acting as "danger"-signaling molecules. to understand the immune defense mechanisms of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus (decapoda: brachyura: portunidae), the cdna of hsp70 (designated pthsp70) was cloned by the combination of homology cloning and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length pthsp70 cdna was 2195 bp, including an open reading frame (orf) of 1950 bp encoding a polypeptide of 650 amino acids with e ...201019815077
conformational and dynamics simulation study of antimicrobial peptide hedistin-heterogeneity of its helix-turn-helix motif.hedistin is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the coelomocytes of nereis diversicolor, possessing activity against a large spectrum of bacteria including the methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and vibrio alginolyticus. the three-dimensional structure of hedistin in both aqueous solution and deuterated dodecylphosphocholine (dpc) micelles was examined using circular dichroism (cd) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) techniques. and, the early events of the antibacterial process of ...200919819221
innate immunity of the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei weakened by the combination of a vibrio alginolyticus injection and low-salinity stress.white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei were reared at a salinity of 35 per thousand without a vibrio alginolyticus injection (unchallenged group), and other shrimp were reared at 35 per thousand, injected with tryptic-soy broth (tsb)-grown v. alginolyticus at 1.8 x 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp(-1) (challenged group), and then examined for the hyaline cell (hc) count, granular cell (gc, including semi-granular cell) count, total haemocyte count (thc), phenoloxidase (po) activity, respirator ...201019819336
molecular cloning and characterization of prophenoloxidase gene in swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.phenoloxidase (po), a melanin-synthesizing enzyme, found as a zymogen (propo) in hemolymp, plays an important role in arthropod defence. in this study, a prophenoloxidase (propo) cdna was cloned from the haemocytes of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna end (race) method. analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that the cdna clone had a full-length of 3040 bp, with an open reading frame of 2019 ...201019835959
molecular cloning and characterization of a cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cytmnsod) and mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtmnsod) from the kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus.a cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cytmnsod) gene and a mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtmnsod) gene were cloned from the kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the open reading frame (orf) of cytmnsod is 861 bp and encodes a 287 amino acids (aa) protein with a 61 aa leader sequence, whereas the orf of mtmnsod is 663 bp and encodes a 221 aa protein with a 21 aa ...201019835962
isolation of basal bodies with c-ring components from the na+-driven flagellar motor of vibrio alginolyticus.to investigate the na(+)-driven flagellar motor of vibrio alginolyticus, we attempted to isolate its c-ring structure. flig but not flim copurified with the basal bodies. flim proteins may be easily dissociated from the basal body. we could detect flig on the ms ring surface of the basal bodies.201019880601
simultaneous differential detection of human pathogenic and nonpathogenic vibrio species using a multiplex pcr based on gyrb and pnta genes.to develop a multiplex pcr targeting the gyrb and pnta genes for vibrio species differentiation.201019891709
interaction between na+ ion and carboxylates of the poma-pomb stator unit studied by atr-ftir spectroscopy.bacterial flagellar motors are molecular machines powered by the electrochemical potential gradient of specific ions across the membrane. the poma-pomb stator complex of vibrio alginolyticus couples na(+) influx to torque generation in this supramolecular motor, but little is known about how na(+) associates with the poma-pomb complex in the energy conversion process. here, by means of attenuated total reflection fourier-transform infrared (atr-ftir) spectroscopy, we directly observed binding of ...200919894756
investigation of several virulence properties among vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from diseased cultured fish in tunisia.we analysed 34 vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from gilthead sea bream sparus aurata l. and sea bass dicentrarchus labrax l. cultured in fish farms on the tunisian mediterranean coast for the presence of several virulence properties such as extracellular products (ecp) production, growth in iron-limiting conditions and survival in fish serum. the results obtained with different substrates showed that ecp of v. alginolyticus were hydrolytic. the virulence was correlated with the ability of ...200919899346
isolation of vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio splendidus from captive-bred seahorses with disease symptoms.vibrio species isolated from diseased seahorses were characterized by pcr amplification of repetitive bacterial dna elements (rep-pcr) and identified by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis. the results demonstrated that vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio splendidus were predominant in the lesions of these seahorses. to our knowledge, this is the first time that these bacterial species have been associated with disease symptoms in captive-bred seahorses.201019921544
defensin from disk abalone haliotis discus discus: molecular cloning, sequence characterization and immune response against bacterial infection.gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides (amps) serve a major role in host defense systems against pathogens. in this study, cdna of a new mollusk defensin was identified from a normalized cdna library constructed from whole tissues of disk abalone. abalone defensin peptide (pro-defensin) has a 198-bp coding sequence comprised of a putative 66 amino acids with a mature defensin consisting of 48 amino acid residues. the presence of an invertebrate defensin family domain, an arrangement of six cysteine ...201019922800
expression, purification and antibody preparation of flagellin flaa from vibrio alginolyticus strain hy9901.the main aims of this study were to clone and express flagellin flaa gene from vibrio alginolyticus strain hy9901, also to prepare mouse anti-flaa polyclonal antibody for future pathogen or vaccine study.201019951364
[development of taqman real-time pcr in detection of aeromonas hydrophila].to develop a taqman real-time pcr for the detection of aeromonas hydrophila.200919954074
the implication of yggt of escherichia coli in osmotic regulation.an escherichia coli mutant lacking three major k(+) uptake systems, trk, kup, and kdp, did not grow under low k(+)and high na(+) concentrations. the introduction of fkua and of fkub of a marine bacterium, vibrio alginolyticus, has been reported to compensate for the growth defect by accelerating the rate of k(+) uptake (nakamura, katoh, shimizu, matsuba, and unemoto, biochim. biophys. acta, 1277, 201-208 (1996)). we investigated the function of unknown genes of e. coli, yggs and yggt, homologs o ...200919966467
expression of hsp60 and hsp70 in white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei in response to bacterial challenge.in the present study, cdna encoding a heat shock protein 60 (lvhsp60) gene in litopenaeus vannamei was cloned using a combination of homology and rapid amplification of cdna end (race) methods. the full length of the lvhsp60 cdna was found to be 2379bp, with a 1737bp open reading frame. the translated amino acid sequence consisted of 579 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 60.8kd and an isoelectronic point (pi) of 5.97. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that it has hi ...201020043915
rapid identification and characterization of vibrio species using whole-cell maldi-tof mass spectrometry.vibrio identification by means of traditional microbiological methods is time consuming because of the many biochemical tests that have to be performed to distinguish closely related species. this work aimed at evaluating the use of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for the rapid identification of vibrio (v.) spp. as an advantageous application to rapidly discriminate the most important vibrio spp. and distinguish vibrio spp. from closely related bacterial species like photobacterium damselae and grim ...201020059616
disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) expresses a novel antistasin-like serine protease inhibitor: molecular cloning and immune response against bacterial infection.a novel antistasin-like cdna homologue named as ab-antistasin was isolated from the disk abalone haliotis discus discus normalized cdna library. the ab-antistasin (1398-bp) consisted of an 1185-bp open reading frame encoding 395 amino acid (aa) residues. the predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of ab-antistasin was 44 kda and 8.5, respectively, and showed highest identity (23.1%) to hydra magnipapillata antistasin. the most striking feature of ab-antistasin is the 12-fold internal repe ...201020060477
cloning, identification, and characterization of the rpos-like sigma factor rpox from vibrio alginolyticus.vibrio alginolyticus zj-51 displays phase variation between opaque/rugose colonies (op) and translucent/smooth colonies (tr). these colony variants show great differences in biofilm formation and motility. in this study, a gene encoding for an rpos-like sigma factor, rpox, has been cloned and characterized. the absence of rpox did not affect colony switching rate but did decrease biofilm formation in both the op and the tr variants. when challenged with hydrogen peroxide, the deltarpox in the op ...200920069110
gain of function mutations in membrane region m2c2 of ktrb open a gate controlling k+ transport by the ktrab system from vibrio alginolyticus.ktrb, the k(+)-translocating subunit of the na(+)-dependent bacterial k(+) uptake system ktrab, consists of four m(1)pm(2) domains, in which m(1) and m(2) are transmembrane helices and p indicates a p-loop that folds back from the external medium into the cell membrane. the transmembrane stretch m(2c) is, with its 40 residues, unusually long. it consists of three parts, the hydrophobic helices m(2c1) and m(2c3), which are connected by a nonhelical m(2c2) region, containing conserved glycine, ala ...201020097755
functional transfer of an essential aspartate for the ion-binding site in the stator proteins of the bacterial flagellar motor.rotation of the bacterial flagellar motor exploits the electrochemical potential of the coupling ion (h(+) or na(+)) as its energy source. in the marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus, the stator complex is composed of poma and pomb, and conducts na(+) across the cytoplasmic membrane to generate rotation. the transmembrane (tm) region of pomb, which forms the na(+)-conduction pathway together with tm3 and tm4 of poma, has a highly conserved aspartate residue (asp24) that is essential for flagell ...201020122938
prevalence of listeria, aeromonas, and vibrio species in fish used for human consumption in turkey.a total of 78 raw retail fish samples from 30 freshwater and 48 marine fish were examined for the presence of listeria, aeromonas, and vibrio species. the overall incidence of listeria spp. was 30% in freshwater samples and 10.4% in marine fish samples. listeria monocytogenes (44.5%) was the most commonly isolated species in freshwater fish, and listeria murrayi (83.5%) was the most commonly isolated species in marine fish samples. motile aeromonads were more common in marine fish samples (93.7% ...201020132688
administration of the hot-water extract of spirulina platensis enhanced the immune response of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against vibrio alginolyticus.white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei which had been injected with the hot-water extract of spirulina platensis at 6, 10, and 20 microg g(-1), or immersed in aerated seawater containing extract at 200, 400, and 600 mg l(-1) were challenged with vibrio alginolyticus at 1.5 x 10(6) or 1.4 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp(-1), and then placed in seawater. survival rates of shrimp that received the extract of s. platensis at 6-20 microg g(-1), and those of shrimp immersed in seawater containing ...201020139007
the effects of elevated carbon dioxide levels on a vibrio sp. isolated from the deep-sea.introduction: the effect of oceanic co2 sequestration was examined exposing a deep-sea bacterium identified as vibrio alginolyticus (9na) to elevated levels of carbon dioxide and monitoring its growth at 2,750 psi (1,846 m depth). findings: the wild-type strain of 9na could not grow in acidified marine broth below a ph of 5. the ph of marine broth did not drop below this level until at least 20.8 mm of co2 was injected into the medium. 9na did not grow at this co2 concentration or higher concent ...201020140649
molecular evidence for the existence of lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf) and rel/nf-kb pathways in disk abalone (haliotis discus discus).the lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf) and rel family nuclear factor kappab (rel/nf-kb) are two important transcription factors which play major roles in the regulating inflammatory cytokine, apoptosis and immune related genes. here, we report the discovery of disk abalone litaf (ablitaf) and rel/nf-kb (abrel/nf-kb) homologues and their immune responses. full-length cdna of ablitaf consists of 441 bp open reading frame (orf) that translates into putative peptide of 147 aa. analy ...201020153832
molecular cloning, characterization and mrna expression of two antibacterial peptides: crustin and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor in swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.in this study, the cdnas of a crustin and an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf) were cloned from the hemocytes of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the full-length cdna of p. trituberculatus crustin (denoted as ptcrustin) was of 584 bp, including an open reading frame (orf) of 333 bp encoding a 21 amino acids signal peptide and a mature polypeptide of 89 amino acids with the predicted molecular mass of 10.08 kda. the typical conser ...201020167286
a shared antigen among vibrio species: outer membrane protein-ompk as a versatile vibriosis vaccine candidate in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides).the outer membrane protein-ompk has been considered as a vaccine candidate for the prevention of infections due to vibrio harveyi, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish. interestingly, the polyclonal antibody raised against the recombinant ompk from v. harveyi strain ecgs020802 recognized the ompk homologues from other strains of vibrio species by immunoblotting. the ompk genes from 19 vibrio strains including v. harveyi (11), v. alginolyticus (6) and v. parahaemolyticus (2) w ...201020170736
vibrio alginolyticus mvin is a luxo-regulated protein and affects cytotoxicity toward epc cell.vibrio alginolyticus, a gram-negative marine bacterium, is one of the causative agents of fish vibriosis. its virulence factors and pathogenesis mechanism are barely known except for some extracellular products (ecps), which are implicated to be regulated by quorum sensing system. in the present study, microarray was used to analyze the transcription profiles of v. alginolyticus wild-type and a deletion mutant of luxo, the pivotal regulator in vibrio quorum sensing systems, and a putative virule ...201020208429
loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of vibrio alginolyticus, the causative agent of vibriosis in mariculture fish.the purpose of this study was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for the rapid, sensitive and simple detection of vibrio alginolyticus in mariculture fish.201020214730
differentially expressed outer membrane proteins of vibrio alginolyticus in response to six types of antibiotics.vibrio alginolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen that occasionally causes life-threatening infections in individuals and results in great losses in marine aquacultures of crustaceans and fish. recently, antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacterium from clinical and environmental sources have been reported with increasing frequency. however, few reports were involved in the antibiotic resistance of this bacterium at molecular levels. in the present study, western blotting was utilized to invest ...201020217167
isolation and experimental infection with vibrio alginolyticus in the sea horse, hippocampus reidi ginsburg, 1933 (osteichthyes: syngnathidae) in brazil.the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity of vibrio alginolyticus isolated from an outbreak of sea horse hippocampus reidi reared in the state of santa catarina, brazil, by experimental infection. sea horses with necrosis on the mouth epithelium were collected from aquaria at the aquaculture department, ufsc and the bacterium isolated from the mouth, liver, heart and blood in thiosulphate citrate bilesalt sucrose agar broth. the strains were identified by api 20e kit with 99.1% pro ...201020231979
characterization of chitinolytic bacteria and histological aspects of shell disease syndrome in european spiny lobsters (palinurus elephas) (fabricius 1787).the present research reports the first description of shell disease syndrome in european spiny lobsters palinurus elephas (fabricius 1787), which occurred in an experimental aquaculture facility in sicily (italy). both bacterial characterization and histopathological examination of the exoskeleton at site of lesions was carried out. infected specimens showed tail fan erosions, and in one case uropod ulceration and complete loss of periods. identified species included: listonella anguillarum 50.5 ...201020361978
pathogenic vibrio species in dutch shellfish destined for direct human consumption.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common cause of shellfish-related gastroenteritis all over the world. v. parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus have previously been detected in water samples from the oosterschelde, a large inlet on the north sea, which is used for both recreational purposes and shellfish production. in 2006, oysters (crassostrea gigas) from a noncommercial oyster bed in the oosterschelde and oysters bought in dutch fish shops were tested for the presence of pathogenic vibrio spe ...201020377964
[complete nucleotide sequence of a plasmid pvae259 from vibrio alginolyticus and analysis of molecular biological characteristic of the plasmid].to obtain the complete nucleotide sequence of the plasmid pvae259 from vibrio alginolyticus, to analyze molecular characteristic of the plasmid, and to explore its potential function.201020387457
[fabrication and evaluation of the enzyme immunosensor for rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus based on chitosan-sio2 hybrid membrane].to improve the key technology of immunesensors in immobilizing bio-sensitive element and keeping its bioactivity, an enzyme immunosensor based on chitosan-sio(2) (cs-sio(2)) hybrid membrane was fabricated. to estimate the new immunosensor vibrio parahaemolyticus which was the main pathogens of aquatic products.201020388366
the expression of protein disulfide isomerase from litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes is regulated by bacterial inoculation.a partial clone encoding a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) was isolated from a litopenaeus vannamei hemocyte cdna library. the 5?-end sequence was obtained by race. the complete sequence encodes for a 502-residues protein that contains two thioredoxin domains and the typical endoplasmic reticulum retention kdel motif. shrimp pdi is highly similar to the homologue protein described in both vertebrates and invertebrates. changes in the shrimp pdi mrna expression were observed after ...200920403767
molecular cloning and characterization of a novel c-type lysozyme gene in swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.lysozymes are key proteins to invertebrates in the innate immune responses against bacterial infections. in this study, the full-length cdna of a novel c-type lysozyme was cloned from the haemocytes of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the full-length cdna of lysozyme was of 984 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 90 bp, a 3' utr of 222 bp with a poly (a) tail, and an open reading frame (orf) of 672 bp encoding an 18 ami ...201020420912
the protective immunity of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei that had been immersed in the hot-water extract of gracilaria tenuistipitata and subjected to combined stresses of vibrio alginolyticus injection and temperature change.white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei which had been immersed in seawater (35 per thousand) containing the hot-water extract of gracilaria tenuistipitata at 0 (control), 400, and 600 mg l(-1) for 3 h, were subjected to temperature transfer (28 degrees c), or combined stresses of vibrio alginolyticus injection (2.4 x 10(6) colony-forming unit shrimp(-1)) and temperature transfer (28 degrees c) from 24 degrees c, and the immune parameters including hyaline cells (hcs), granular cells (gcs, including s ...201020420916
expression, characterization and immunogenicity of flagellin flac from vibrio alginolyticus strain hy9901.vibrio alginolyticus is one of ubiquitous pathogens infecting human and marine animals. flagellins of bacteria play an important role in infecting animals and inducing host immune response. in the present research, flagellin flac gene of v. alginolyticus strain hy9901 was cloned and expressed. the open reading frame of flac gene contains 1155 bp and the putative protein consists of 384 amino acid residues. polyclonal antibodies were raised in mouse against the purified recombinant flac protein a ...201020420917
characterization and expression analysis of ef hand domain-containing calcium-regulatory gene from disk abalone: calcium homeostasis and its role in immunity.the complete amino acid sequence of a calcium-regulatory gene (denoted as ab-careg i) was identified from the disk abalone haliotis discus discus cdna library. the ab-careg i is composed of 176 amino acids and the calculated molecular mass and isoelectric point were 20 and 4.2, respectively. the sequence homology of ab-careg i was 28-30 and 18-27% of known calmodulin and troponin c, respectively. four characteristic calcium-binding ef hand motifs with some modifications at conserved positions of ...201020420919
new angucyclines and antimicrobial diketopiperazines from the marine mollusk-derived actinomycete saccharothrix espanaensis an 113.two new angucyclines, saccharothrixmicines a (2) and b (3), together with three known diketopiperazines 4-6 were isolated from the actinomycete saccharothrix espanaensis an 113 associated with the marine mollusk anadara broughtoni. their structures were determined by hresi-ms and 1d and 2d nmr. compounds 2 and 3 differ in aglycone and glycosidic bond type. 2 is an alpha-l-6-deoxyaltrose-phenylglycoside of a benz[a]anthraquinone aglycone, while 3 is an o-glycoside of the same sugar linked to c-7 ...201020433079
allograft inflammatory factor-1 in disk abalone (haliotis discus discus): molecular cloning, transcriptional regulation against immune challenge and tissue injury.here, we report the identification and characterization of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) from disk abalone haliotis discus discus that was denoted as abaif-1. the full-length cdna of abaif-1 consists of a coding region (453 bp) for 151 amino acids with a 17 kda molecular mass. analysis of abaif-1 sequence showed that it shares characteristic two ef hand ca(+2)-binding motifs. results from phylogenetic analysis further confirm that abaif-1 is a member of the aif-1 family similar to inve ...201020435145
molecular characterization and expression analysis of interferon-gamma-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (gilt) gene from pearl oyster pinctada fucata.interferon-gamma-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (gilt) is an important thiol reductase, involved in class, mhc-restricted antigen processing by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. herein, we describe the identification and characterization of pearl oyster pinctada fucata gilt (designated as pogilt). the pogilt cdna was 1273bp long and consisted of a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 24bp, a 3'-utr of 484bp with two cytokine rna instability motifs (attta), and an open reading frame ...201020444427
identification of non-coding rnas in environmental vibrios.the discovery of non-coding rna (ncrna) has been mainly limited to laboratory model systems and human pathogenic bacteria. in this study, we begin to explore the ncrna diversity in four recently sequenced environmental vibrio species (vibrio alginolyticus 40b, vibrio communis 1da3, vibrio mimicus vm573 and vibrio campbellii baa-1116) by performing in silico searches using infernal and rfam for the identification of putative ncrna-encoding genes. this search method resulted in the identification ...201020447992
an in vitro and in vivo assessment of the potential of vibrio spp. as probiotics for the pacific white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei.the objective of the work was to determine whether known strains of nonpathogenic vibrios can act as probiotics for the control of vibrio infections in the pacific white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei.201020477892
cloning, expression, and genus-specificity analysis of 28-kda ompk from vibrio alginolyticus.some vibrio species are universal marine pathogens and vibrio infections are often encountered due to consumption of raw or uncooked seafood. the outer membrane proteins, playing a key role in interaction between bacteria and hosts, are potential candidates for development of vaccine and markers of the genus vibrio. in this study, the ompk (outer membrane protein k) genes of vibrio alginolyticus, v. vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, v. fluvialis, and v. mimicu were cloned with 798 to 822 nucleoti ...201020546410
vibrio illness in florida, 1998-2007.this study characterized the current epidemiology of vibrio infections in florida and examined cases reported from 1998 to 2007. logistic regression was used to determine risk of death. there were 834 vibrio infections in 825 individuals (average annual incidence rate 4·8/1,000,000). common vibrio species reported were vibrio vulnificus (33%), v. parahaemolyticus (29%), and v. alginolyticus (16%). most exposures were attributed to wounds (42%), and the most common clinical syndromes were wound i ...201120546636
molecular characterization and expression analysis of cathepsin l1 cysteine protease from pearl oyster pinctada fucata.cathepsin l is one of the crucial enzyme superfamilies and involved in the immune responses. in this study, a cdna encoding cathepsin l cysteine protease was identified and characterized from pearl oyster pinctada fucata (designated as pocl1). the pocl1 cdna was 1160 bp long and consisted of a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 15 bp, a 3'-utr of 149 bp with a polyadenylation signal (aataaa) at 11 nucleotides upstream of the poly(a) tail, and an open reading frame (orf) of 996 bp encoding a polypep ...201020573562
membrane region m2c2 in subunit ktrb of the k+ uptake system ktrab from vibrio alginolyticus forms a flexible gate controlling k+ flux: an electron paramagnetic resonance study.transmembrane stretch m(2c) from the bacterial k(+)-translocating protein ktrb is unusually long. in its middle part, termed m(2c2), it contains several small and polar amino acids. this region is flanked by the two alpha-helices m(2c1) and m(2c3) and may form a flexible gate at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane controlling k(+) translocation. in this study, we provide experimental evidence for this notion by using continuous wave and pulse epr measurements of single and double spin-labeled c ...201020573964
the type iii secretion system of vibrio alginolyticus induces rapid apoptosis, cell rounding and osmotic lysis of fish cells.vibrio alginolyticus is a gram-negative bacterium and has been recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in humans as well as marine animals. however, the virulence mechanisms for this species of vibrio have not been elucidated. this study characterized multiple mechanisms that induce cell death in fish cells upon infection with a v. alginolyticus strain, zjo. the bacterium required its type iii secretion system (t3ss) to cause rapid death of infected fish cells. dying cells exhibited some feature ...201020576689
tumor suppressor qm-like gene from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus): molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis upon immune challenge.we describe molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of the gene encoding tumor suppressor qm-like protein, abqm, in the disk abalone haliotis discus discus. the full-length cdna (765-bp) of abqm was found to consist of a 654-bp orf coding for a 218 amino acid protein of a 25 kda molecular mass with a 10.2 isoelectric point. analysis of abqm sequence revealed the presence of characteristic motifs, including the ribosomal protein l10 signature, sh3-binding motif and two antibiotic ...201020580829
deletion of valr, a homolog of vibrio harveyiś luxr generates an intermediate colony phenotype between opaque/rugose and translucent/smooth in vibrio alginolyticus.a previous study has shown that vibrio alginolyticus zj-51 undergoes colony phase variation between opaque/rugose (op) and translucent/smooth (tr). the ai-2 quorum-sensing master regulator valr, a homolog to v. harveyi luxr, was suggested to be involved in the transition. to investigate the role of valr in the variation and in biofilm formation, an in-frame deletion of valr in both op and tr backgrounds was carried out. the mutants in both backgrounds showed an intermediate colony morphotype, wh ...201020582761
immune response in lutjanus erythropterus induced by the major outer membrane protein (ompu) of vibrio alginolyticus.the outer membrane proteins (omps) of the marine aquatic animal pathogen vibrio alginolyticus play an important role in the virulence of the bacterium and are potential candidates for vaccine development. in this study, the major 35.6 kda omp of v. alginolyticus was isolated by gel excision from the crude omp fraction from v. alginolyticus. the sequence of the first 27 amino acid residues from the n-terminal end of the protein is atv ykd ggt ell vgg rve frg dfi gsd, which has high homology with ...201020597431
molecular cloning and characterization of a serine proteinase homolog prophenoloxidase-activating factor in the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.serine proteinase homologues (sphs), as one of prophenoloxiase-activating factors (ppafs), play critical roles in innate immunity of crabs. based on an est from the eyestalk full length cdna library, the complete cdna (designated as ptsph) and genomic dna of sph from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus were cloned in this study. the estimated molecular weight of mature ptsph (354 amino acids) was 38.7 kda and its isoelectric point was 5.08. multiple sequence alignment revealed that ptsph ...201020633654
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