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antimicrobial resistance and in vitro gene transfer in bacteria isolated from the ulcers of eus-affected fish in india.the occurrence of drug resistance and plasmid-mediated transferability was investigated in 15 aeromonas isolates collected from the ulcers of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (eus)-affected fishes katla (catla catla), mrigel (cirrhinus mrigala) and punti (puntius sp.).200919709369
pathogenic potential of aeromonas hydrophila isolated from surface waters in kolkata, india.members of the genus aeromonas (family aeromonadaceae) are medically important, gram-negative, rod-shaped micro-organisms and are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. aeromonas species are increasingly recognized as enteric pathogens; they possess several virulence factors associated with human disease, and represent a serious public health concern. in the present study, putative virulence traits of aeromonas hydrophila isolates collected from different natural surface waters of kolkata, india, w ...200919713362
in vivo modulation of immune response and antioxidant defense in atlantic cod, gadus morhua following oral administration of oxolinic acid and florfenicol.oxolinic acid and florfenicol are the commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial diseases in atlantic cod, gadus morhua. the changes in selected innate humoral immune response of the fish, bacterial proliferation in serum and transcriptional activity of selected immune and antioxidant defense-related genes following oral administration of these antimicrobial compounds were evaluated. juvenile cod (75-100 g) were fed commercial feed coated with either florfenicol (10 mg kg(-1) fish, ...200919596082
antagonism of aeromonas hydrophila by propolis and its effect on the performance of nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus.propolis, a resinous substance collected by apis mellifera bees from various plant sources and mixed with secreted beeswax, is a multifunctional material used by bees in the construction, maintenance, and protection of their hives. the collected propolis sample, from high egypt, was dark-green with olive-odor. the minimal inhibition concentration (mic) of propolis-ethanolic-extract, against aeromonas hydrophila, was 80 microg propolis-ethanolic-extract and crude propolis (1%) were added to artif ...200919563896
edwardsiella tarda t6ss component evpp is regulated by esrb and iron, and plays essential roles in the invasion of fish.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen for hemorrhagic septicemia in a broad range of hosts. the type vi secretion system (t6ss) has recently been dissected in e. tarda to secrete evpc, evpi and a novel effector protein evpp. in this study, sequencing and genetic alignments showed that evpp genes from different e. tarda isolates were highly similar and an evpp homolog was also found in aeromonas hydrophila 0865 isolated from a diseased eel, suggesting the possible lateral gene transfer o ...200919563898
characterization of electrochemical activity of a strain iso2-3 phylogenetically related to aeromonas sp. isolated from a glucose-fed microbial fuel cell.the microbial communities associated with electrodes in closed and open circuit microbial fuel cells (mfcs) fed with glucose were analyzed by 16s rrna approach and compared. the comparison revealed that bacteria affiliated with the aeromonas sp. within the gammaproteobacteria constituted the major population in the closed circuit mfc (harvesting electricity) and considered to play important roles in current generation. we, therefore, attempted to isolate the dominant bacteria from the anode biof ...200919575435
molecular detection of enterotoxins in environmental strains of aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas jandaei.aeromonas species are widely distributed in aquatic environments and recent studies include the genus in the emergent pathogens group because of its frequent association with local and systemic infections in immunocompetent humans. aiming to search for virulence genes in environmental strains of aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas jandaei, we designed specific primers to detect act/hlya/aer complex and alt genes. primers described elsewhere were used to detect ast. eighty-seven strains previously ...200919590136
atypical furunculosis vaccines for atlantic cod gadhus morhua: impact of reattached aeromonas salmonicida a-layer protein on vaccine efficacy.atypical furunculosis caused by atypical aeromonas salmonicida bacteria is reported as an increasing problem in farmed atlantic cod gadus morhua in norway. at present, furunculosis vaccines adapted for cod or other marine fish species are not available. to identify bacterial components important for inducing protection in cod, we compared oil-adjuvanted vaccines based on a. salmonicida isolates phenotypically differing in their major cell surface constituents, such as the a-layer protein and lip ...200919694171
occurrence of motile aeromonas in municipal drinking water and distribution of genes encoding virulence factors.aeromonas-associated cases of gastroenteritis are generally considered waterborne. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential microbiological risk associated with the presence of these bacteria in public drinking water. over a period of one year, 132 drinking-water samples were monitored in león (nw of spain, 137,000 inhabitants) for mandatory drinking-water standards and the occurrence of aeromonas spp. samples were taken at the municipal water treatment plant, one storage facility ...200919720415
innate immune response and disease resistance in carassius auratus by triherbal solvent extracts.this study reports the effect of aqueous, ethanol and methanol triherbal solvent extract from azadirachta indica, ocimum sanctum and curcuma longa on innate immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis activity, respiratory burst activity, alternative complement activity and lysozyme activity and disease resistance in goldfish (carassius auratus) against aeromonas hydrophila. fish were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of 0, 5, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) body weight of each triherbal solvent e ...200919616631
inhibition of frog antimicrobial peptides by extracellular products of the bacterial pathogen aeromonas hydrophila.to determine whether the extracellular products (ecps) from aeromonas hydrophila, a frog bacterial pathogen that is resistant to skin antimicrobial peptides of three different frog species xenopus laevis, litoria aurea and litoria raniformis, can modulate the activity of these peptides.200919728406
comparative biology of two natural variants of the incq-2 family plasmids, pras3.1 and pras3.2.plasmids pras3.1 and pras3.2 are two closely related, natural variants of the incq-2 plasmid family that have identical plasmid backbones except for two differences. plasmid pras3.1 has five 6-bp repeat sequences in the promoter region of the mobb gene and four 22-bp iterons in its oriv region, whereas pras3.2 has only four 6-bp repeats and three 22-bp iterons. plasmid pras3.1 was found to have a higher copy number than pras3.2, and we show that the extra 6-bp repeat results in an increase in mo ...200919684126
inhibition of gamma-thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation by histone h1subtypes and h1.3 fragments.human platelets are differentially activated by varying concentrations of alpha-thrombin or by beta- and gamma-thrombin via three thrombin receptors, par-1, par-4 and gpibalpha.it is likely that the development of a normal or abnormal hemostatic event in humans is dictated, in part, by the selective activation of these receptors. the ability to differentially inhibit these thrombin receptors could, therefore, have clinical significance. we have previously demonstrated that histone h1 selectively ...200919637099
biosynthesis and characterization of 3-hydroxyalkanoate terpolyesters with adjustable properties by aeromonas hydrophila.polyhydroxyalkanoates (pha) terployesters p(3hb-co-3hv-co-3hhx) consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3hv), and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3hhx) were produced by wild-type aeromonas hydrophila 4ak4, its recombinant harboring pha synthesis genes phapcj encoding pha binding protein phasin, pha synthase, and enoyl-coa hydratase, and another its recombinant harboring phaab encoding beta-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl-coa reductase, respectively, when grown in lauric acid and/or valerate. ...200919517520
antimicrobial therapy for water-associated wound infections in a disaster setting: gram-negative bacilli in an aquatic environment and lessons from banda aceh.as members of the japan disaster relief (jdr) team in banda aceh, three of the authors treated 1,891 patients following the tsunami of 2004. of the 367 cases with traumatic injuries, 216 cases required antimicrobial therapy. the medical services were continued by the japan self-defense (jsd) medical team until mid-march 2005. of the 216 cases initially treated by jdr, 54 required prolonged antimicrobial therapy for persistent symptoms despite repeated debridement. the aim of this study is to rec ...200919618353
divergent evolution and purifying selection of the flaa gene sequences in aeromonas.the bacterial flagellum is the most important organelle of motility in bacteria and plays a key role in many bacterial lifestyles, including virulence. the flagellum also provides a paradigm of how hierarchical gene regulation, intricate protein-protein interactions and controlled protein secretion can result in the assembly of a complex multi-protein structure tightly orchestrated in time and space. as if to stress its importance, plants and animals produce receptors specifically dedicated to t ...200919622168
variations in the expressed antimicrobial peptide repertoire of northern leopard frog (rana pipiens) populations suggest intraspecies differences in resistance to pathogens.the northern leopard frog (rana pipiens or lithobates pipiens) is historically found in most of the provinces of canada and the northern and southwest states of the united states. in the last 50 years, populations have suffered significant losses, especially in the western regions of the species range. using a peptidomics approach, we show that the pattern of expressed antimicrobial skin peptides of frogs from three geographically separated populations are distinct, and we report the presence of ...200919622371
typing of clinical and environmental strains of aeromonas spp. using two pcr based methods and whole cell protein analysis.two pcr based typing methods i.e. random amplified polymorphic dna analysis (rapd) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (eric)-pcr were evaluated for typing of 42 aeromonas isolates from clinical and environmental sources and whole cell protein (wcp) profiles were analyzed. both rapd and eric-pcr showed a high level of genetic diversity. numerical index of the discriminatory (d) values were 0.94 and 0.96 (>0.90) for rapd and eric-pcr, respectively. no correlation in bandi ...200919622374
post-traumatic osteomyelitis due to aeromonas species.we report a case of aeromonas osteomyelitis due to injury in a sewage worker. he presented with cellulitis of the left foot. radiographs showed evidence of osteomyelitis involving the head and neck of the fifth metatarsal. aeromonas species was isolated from the tissue and swab from the foot. the head and neck of the fifth metatarsal were excised and the patient improved on 4 weeks of intravenous meropenem followed by 4 weeks of oral clindamycin and ciprofloxacin.200919384045
effects of c-terminal amino acids truncation on enzyme properties of aeromonas caviae d1 chitinase.c-terminal truncation mutagenesis was used to explore the functional and structural significance of the c-terminal region of aeromonas caviae d1 chitinase (acd1chia). comparative studies between the engineered full-length acd1chia and the truncated mutant (acd1chiak606) included initial rate kinetics, fluorescence and circular dichroism (cd) spectrometric properties, and substrate binding and hydrolysis abilities. the overall catalytic efficiency, k(cat)/k(m), of acd1chiak606 with the 4mu-(glcna ...200919089411
differences in the antibody response and survival of genetically different varieties of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) vaccinated with a commercial aeromonas salmonicida/a. hydrophila vaccine and challenged with a. hydrophila.males of two strains of carp, wild duna (d), and inbred szarvas 22 (22), were selected for high and low stress response. two purebreds of d and 22, from randomly chosen parents and four crosses, 22 x 22-l (low stress response), 22 x 22-h (high stress response), 22 x d-l (low stress response) and 22 x d-h (high stress response) from selected stress response parents were produced and vaccinated with a commercial aeromonas salmonicida/aeromonas hydrophila vaccine and their circulating antibody resp ...200919449165
application of an immunoaffinity-based preconcentration method for mass spectrometric analysis of the o-chain polysaccharide of aeromonas salmonicida from in vitro- and in vivo-grown cells.in this study, application of magnetic beads (dynabeads) coated with aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide-specific polyclonal antisera to ms-based characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides has been evaluated. the results showed that the affinity-based preconcentration strategy resulted in at least a 100-fold increase in the detection of sensitivity, affording direct capillary electrophoresis (ce)-ms analysis of a. salmonicida lipopolysaccharide o-chain polysaccharide from in vitro-cu ...200919456871
soybean meal alters autochthonous microbial populations, microvilli morphology and compromises intestinal enterocyte integrity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum).abstract rainbow trout were fed either a diet containing fishmeal (fm) as the crude protein source or a diet containing 50% replacement with soybean meal (sbm) for 16 weeks. an enteritis-like effect was observed in the sbm group; villi, enterocytes and microvilli were noticeably damaged compared with the fm group. the posterior intestine microvilli of sbm-fed fish were significantly shorter and the anterior intestine microvilli significantly less dense than the fm-fed fish. electron microscopy c ...200919490393
fermentation and growth kinetic study of aeromonas caviae under anaerobic conditions.although aeromonas caviae is pathogenic to a broad range of invertebrates including human, frequent in aquatic environments, and potentially vital for acidogenesis in anaerobic digestion, virtually no biokinetic information on its anaerobic growth is at hand. therefore, this study focused on evaluating its anaerobic growth kinetics on glucose. to provide a set of relevant biokinetic coefficients for modeling, a combination of curve fitting and numerical modeling was used. microcultivations were ...200919343339
effect of lactococcus lactis clfp 100 and leuconostoc mesenteroides clfp 196 on aeromonas salmonicida infection in brown trout (salmo trutta).aeromonas salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish. this pathogen is important from an epizootic perspective because fish surviving an outbreak can remain lifelong asymptomatic carriers, serving as reservoirs of infection. as a result, the early detection and the control of infection are essential to prevent the spread of new furunculosis outbreaks. we have thus analyzed the effect of probiotic administration on the incidence of a. salmonicida in brown trout (salmo t ...200919556745
classification of brown pigmented aeromonads isolated from river water.nine aeromonas strains having a brown exopigment were isolated during the microbiological examination of river water. these brown-pigmented aeromonads were characterized by the phenotyping, fatty-acid methyl-ester analysis and ribotyping. all methods identically confirmed that the group of brown-pigmented aeromonads is quite heterogeneous. apart from the aeromonas media taxon, the brown-pigmented aeromonads in river water were represented also by strains of a. allosaccharophila and a. salmonicid ...200919418249
preventing infective complications following leech therapy: is practice keeping pace with current research?despite several publications strongly advocating prophylactic antibiotics during leech therapy, and recent primary articles shedding new light on the microbiota of leeches, many units either do not use antibiotic prophylaxis, or are continuing to use ineffective agents.200919399888
cloning and expression of an outer membrane protein ompw of aeromonas hydrophila and study of its distribution in aeromonas spp.the main aims of this study were to clone and express an outer membrane protein (omp), ompw, of aeromonas hydrophila and to study its distribution in aeromonas spp.200919426281
molecular characterization and expression profiles in response to bacterial infection of chinese soft-shelled turtle interleukin-8 (il-8), the first reptilian chemokine gene.in this study, an il-8 homologue has been cloned and identified from a reptile, chinese soft-shelled turtle for the first time. the full-length cdna of turtle il-8 was 1188bp and contained a 312bp open reading frame (orf) coding for a protein of 104 amino acids. the chemokine cxc domain, which contained glu-leu-arg (elr) motif and four cysteine residues, was well conserved in turtle il-8. the 4924bp genomic dna of turtle il-8 contained four exons and three introns. phylogenetic analysis showed t ...200919428485
the effect of euglena viridis on immune response of rohu, labeo rohita (ham.).the study evaluated the effect of dietary doses of euglena viridis on the immune response and disease resistance of labeo rohita fingerlings against infection with the bacterial pathogen aeromonas hydrophila. l. rohita fingerlings were fed with diet containing 0 (control), 0.1 g, 0.5 g, 1.0 g euglena powder kg(-1) dry diet for 90 days. biochemical (serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio), haematological (wbc, rbc, haemoglobin content) and immunological (superoxide anion p ...200919345266
acute effects of the antibiotic oxytetracycline on the bacterial community of the grass shrimp, palaemonetes pugio.the toxicity of oxytetracycline (otc) was evaluated in adult grass shrimp, palaemonetes pugio. initially, static acute (96 h) toxicity tests were conducted with shrimp exposed from 0 to 1,000 mg/l otc. a calculated lethal concentration 50% value of 683.30 mg/l otc (95% confidence interval 610.85-764.40 mg/l) was determined from these tests, along with a lowest-observable-effect concentration of 750 mg/l and no-observable-effect concentration of 500 mg/l. moreover, chronic sublethal effects of ot ...200919400597
aeromonas piscicola sp. nov., isolated from diseased fish.four aeromonas strains (s1.2(t), eo-0505, tc1 and ti 1.1) isolated from moribund fish in spain showed a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) pattern related to strains of aeromonas salmonicida and aeromonas bestiarum but their specific taxonomic position was unclear. multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) of housekeeping genes rpod, gyrb, reca and dnaj confirmed the allocation of these isolates to an unknown genetic lineage within the genus aeromonas with a. salmonicida, a. bestiarum and ...200919570633
arsenic binding to iron(ii) minerals produced by an iron(iii)-reducing aeromonas strain isolated from paddy soil.an iron reducing bacterial strain was isolated from a paddy soil and identified as a member of the aeromonas group by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. when the cells were growing with dissolved fe(iii) as electron acceptor in the presence of as(v), fe(ii) minerals (siderite and vivianite) were formed and dissolved as was removed efficiently from solution. when the cells were growing with the fe(iii) hydroxide mineral (ferrihydrite) as electron acceptor in the presence of as(v), ferrihydrite was ...200919572768
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of asap1_e294a and asap1_e294q, two inactive mutants of the toxic zinc metallopeptidase asap1 from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes.two mutants of the toxic extracellular zinc endopeptidase asap1 (asap1_e294q and asap1_e294a) of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes were expressed in escherichia coli and crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method. crystals were obtained using several precipitants and different protein concentrations. protein crystals were found in a monoclinic (c2) as well as an orthorhombic (p2(1)2(1)2(1)) space group. the crystals belonging to the monoclinic space group c2 had unit-cell parameters a = ...200919574642
isolation and cdna cloning of an antibacterial l-amino acid oxidase from the skin mucus of the great sculpin myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus.the skin mucus of the great sculpin myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus showed both antibacterial and l-amino acid oxidase (lao) activities. antibacterial laos were purified from the skin mucus of the m. polyacanthocephalus by column chromatography and named mplao1, mplao2, and mplao3, based on the order of elution by ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography. cdna cloning of mplao3 revealed that the full-length cdnawas 2659 bp and encoded the signal peptide (met1-ala26) and the mature p ...200919447190
transcription factor gata-3 in atlantic salmon (salmo salar): molecular characterization, promoter activity and expression analysis.gata-3 is a t cell-specific transcription factor and is essential for the development of the t cell lineage and differentiation of t helper type 2 cells. we have identified and characterized the full-length atlantic salmon gata-3 cdna (3074bp), having two zinc finger domains which are fully conserved within teleosts and higher vertebrates. rt-pcr analysis revealed that the atlantic salmon gata-3 (asgata-3) is strongly expressed in gills, thymus, and brain. moreover, the involvement of gata-3 in ...200919576635
a novel packaging method with a dissolving co(2) headspace combined with organic acids prolongs the shelf life of fresh salmon.the aim of this study was to evaluate a novel packaging method for fresh fish and to determine its effect on the bacterial growth in fresh salmon. fresh salmon was packed with a small amount of 100% co(2) (gas/product ratio 0.2/1.0 v/v) and a brine solution containing various combinations of citric acid (3% w/w, ph 5), acetic acid (1% w/w, ph 5) and cinnamaldehyde (200 microg/ml). total bacterial counts, counts of sulphur reducing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteriaceae as well as ...200919523706
comparative metagenomics of daphnia symbionts.shotgun sequences of dna extracts from whole organisms allow a comprehensive assessment of possible symbionts. the current project makes use of four shotgun datasets from three species of the planktonic freshwater crustaceans daphnia: one dataset from clones of d. pulex and d. pulicaria and two datasets from one clone of d. magna. we analyzed these datasets with three aims: first, we search for bacterial symbionts, which are present in all three species. second, we search for evidence for cyanob ...200919383155
study on acquisition of bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants in poultry litter.antibiotic resistance and the mode of transmission were investigated in bacteria isolated from poultry litter. total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were screened and identified for their resistance to different antibiotics such as ampicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tobramycin, and rifampicin. the distribution of bacteria found in the litter was staphylococcus (29.1%), which was the predominant group, followed by streptococcus (25%), micrococcus (20. ...200919531707
development of imipenem resistance in an aeromonas veronii biovar sobria clinical isolate recovered from a patient with cholangitis.several imipenem-susceptible and -resistant aeromonas veronii biovar sobria isolates with different morphologies and antimicrobial susceptibilities recovered from bile samples of a patient with cholangitis were analysed. these isolates belonged to the same clone and the imipenem-resistant strains showed overexpression of the imis gene, encoding a chromosomal carbapenemase. these results should make clinicians aware of the possible emergence of multidrug-resistant a. veronii biovar sobria, perhap ...200919273640
prevalence of genes encoding the type three secretion system and the effectors aext and aexu in the aeromonas veronii group.the prevalence of important virulence factors, the type iii secretion system (t3ss) and two t3ss-dependent toxins, aext and aexu, was evaluated in the aeromonas veronii group (avg). members of the avg have a broad host range, including vertebrates and invertebrates, and form a variety of associations, spanning from pathogenic to mutualistic. our avg strain collection consists of human, duck, eel, and leech isolates. these isolates were examined for the presence of the t3ss, aext, and aexu throug ...200919534604
production and characterization of homopolymer poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (phv) accumulated by wild type and recombinant aeromonas hydrophila strain 4ak4.aeromonas hydrophila 4ak4 normally produces copolyesters (phbhhx) consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate (c4) and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (c6). wild type and recombinant a. hydrophila 4ak4 (psxw02) expressing vgb and fadd genes encoding vitreoscilla haemoglobin and escherichia coli acyl-coa synthase respectively, were found able to produce homopolyester poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (phv) (c5) on undecanoic acid as a single carbon source. the recombinant grew to 5.59 g/l cell dry weight (cdw) containing 47.74 wt% ...200919395256
epidemiology of travelers' diarrhea in thailand.current data on risk of travelers' diarrhea (td) among visitors to thailand largely comes from us military personnel, peace corps volunteers, or expatriates. we performed a 14-month systematic study of the incidence rate and characteristics of td and a smaller study of etiology of the disease among visitors to phuket and chiang mai.200919538578
myxinidin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the epidermal mucus of hagfish, myxine glutinosa l.fish epidermal mucus contains innate immune components that provide a first line of defense against various infectious pathogens. this study reports the bioassay-guided fractionation and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide, myxinidin, from the acidic epidermal mucus extract of hagfish (myxine glutinosa l.). edman sequencing and mass spectrometry revealed that myxinidin consists of 12 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 1,327.68 da. myxinidin showed activity against a broad rang ...200919330556
infections in patients with aplastic anemia.infection is a major cause of death in patients with aplastic anemia (aa). there are differences between the immunocompromised state of a patient with aa and the patient who is neutropenic due to chemotherapy and this leads to a difference in the infections that they incur. prolonged neutropenia is one of the largest risk factors for the development of infections with the invasive mycoses and bacteria. recovery from neutropenia is directly related to survival, and supportive care plays a large r ...200919549579
pathologic findings in larval and juvenile anurans inhabiting farm ponds in tennessee, usa.amphibian populations are declining globally, yet general pathologic surveys for free-ranging amphibians are uncommon. pathologic surveys are necessary to provide insight into the impacts of humans on emergence of pathogens in amphibian populations. during 2005, 104 american bullfrog (rana catesbeiana) and 80 green frog (rana clamitans) larvae and 40 green frog juveniles were collected from farm ponds in tennessee, and complete necropsies were performed. diagnostic testing included bacterial cul ...200919395741
high frequency of hemolytic and cytotoxic activity in aeromonas spp. isolated from clinical, food and environmental in rio de janeiro, brazil.molecular study of aerolysin and cytotonic enterotoxin genes by pcr and colony blot hybridization was performed in 117 strains of aeromonas spp. isolated from different sources. homogeneous distribution of these genes in a. hydrophila complex strains was observed. for a. caviae and a. sobria complex strains, aerolysin genes were more frequent than cytotonic enterotoxins genes. of 64 a. caviae complex strains, only one (1.5%) amplified the 451 bp product for the aer gene, however, the same primer ...200919347601
oral bacterial flora of the chinese cobra (naja atra) and bamboo pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris) in hong kong sar, china.to determine the oral bacterial flora associated with two common local venomous snakes in hong kong, namely the chinese cobra (naja atra) and the bamboo pit viper (trimeresurus albolabris).200919494373
pcr detection of bacterial genes provides evidence of death by drowning.we have developed a sensitive and specific pcr method for detecting plankton dna in cases of death by drowning. however, this pcr method could not be used for cases of drowning in water containing no plankton. bacteria species are normally localized in the throat and trachea and they may invade into blood through the respiratory tract in people who have drowned as well as species localized in water. the aim of this study was to establish a novel and expedient pcr method for detecting bacterial g ...200919264526
construction of an attenuated pseudomonas fluorescens strain and evaluation of its potential as a cross-protective vaccine.ferric uptake regulator (fur) is a global transcription regulator that is ubiquitous to gram-negative bacteria and regulates diverse biological processes, including iron uptake, cellular metabolism, stress response, and production of virulence determinants. as a result, for many pathogenic bacteria, fur plays a crucial role in the course of infection and disease development. in this study, the fur gene was cloned from a pathogenic pseudomonas fluorescens strain, tss, isolated from diseased japan ...200919501788
quantitative analysis of bacterial adhesion to fish tissue.adhesion to host tissue represents a first crucial step in most bacterial infections. both specific adhesion-ligand as well as hydrophobic interactions may be involved. the adhesion of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, lactococcus garvieae, and yersinia ruckeri strains to fish tissue cells was assessed. to determine whether the observed bacterial adhesion to fish tissue cells was caused by non-specific interactions, adhesion to bovine serum albumin (bsa) and polystyrene was also tested. ...200919349152
surface-expressed enolase contributes to the pathogenesis of clinical isolate ssu of aeromonas hydrophila.in this study, we demonstrated that the surface-expressed enolase from diarrheal isolate ssu of aeromonas hydrophila bound to human plasminogen and facilitated the latter's tissue-type plasminogen activator-mediated activation to plasmin. the bacterial surface-bound plasmin was more resistant to the action of its specific physiological inhibitor, the antiprotease alpha(2)-antiplasmin. we found that immunization of mice with purified recombinant enolase significantly protected the animals against ...200919270100
revealing interactive toxicity of aromatic amines to azo dye decolorizer aeromonas hydrophila.this study attempted to combine chemostat pulse technique (cpt) and dose-mortality assessment in pursuit of quantitative rankings of toxicity of model aromatic amines (maas) in the presence of diazo dye reactive red 141 (or evercion red h-e7b; rr141) upon aeromonas hydrophila. as known, bacterial decolorization performance of azo dyes is directly dependent upon both the characteristics of biochemical reactivity and biotoxicity of dyes and related aromatic amines towards color removal. thus, the ...200919111981
understanding effects of chemical structure on azo dye decolorization characteristics by aeromonas hydrophila.this novel comparative study tended to disclose how the molecular structures present in seven azo dyes including two types of azo dyes (i.e., naphthol type azo dyes--reactive black 5 (rb 5), reactive blue 171 (rb 171), reactive green 19 (rg19), reactive red 198 (rr198), reactive red 141 (rr141), and non-naphthol type azo dyes--direct yellow 86 (dy86), reactive yellow 84 (ry84)) affected color removal capability of aeromonas hydrophila. generally speaking, the decolorization rate of naphthol type ...200919237244
development and characterization of cell lines derived from rohu, labeo rohita (hamilton), and catla, catla catla (hamilton).two new cell lines, designated re and cb, were derived from the eye of rohu, labeo rohita, and the brain of catla, catla catla, respectively. the cell lines were maintained in leibovitz's l-15 supplemented with 20% foetal bovine serum. the re cell line was sub-cultured for more than 70 passages and the cb cell line for more than 35 passages. the re cells are rounded and consist predominantly of epithelial cells. the cb cell line consists of predominantly fibroblastic-like cells. both cell lines ...200919236559
maternal transfer and protective role of the alternative complement components in zebrafish danio rerio.embryos of most fish develop externally and are exposed to an aquatic environment full of potential pathogens, whereas they have little or only limited ability to mount an efficient and protective response. how fish embryos survive pathogenic attacks remains poorly defined. here we demonstrate that the maternal immunization of female zebrafish with formalin-killed aeromonas hydrophila causes a significant increase in c3 and bf contents in the mother, a corresponding rise in the offspring, and in ...200919223977
rapid aeromonas hydrophila identification by taqman pcr assay: comparison with a phenotypic method.aeromonas hydrophila is recognized as a human pathogen following wound exposure or ingestion of contaminated water and food. for rapid identification of this bacterium, a taqman-based real-time pcr assay has been developed.200919413760
detection of metallo-beta-lactamases-encoding genes in environmental isolates of aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas jandaei.to determine the prevalence and expression of metallo-beta-lactamases (mbl)-encoding genes in aeromonas species recovered from natural water reservoirs in southeastern brazil.200919413767
a qrt-pcr-based method for the measurement of rrn operon copy number.to develop a convenient and accurate method for estimating the rrn operon copy number (y(rrn)) in cells of pure prokaryotic cultures based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr).200919413774
isolation and identification of two novel sds-resistant secreted chitinases from aeromonas schubertii.two sds-resistant endochitinases, designated as aschi53 and aschi61, were isolated from aeromonas schubertii in a soil sample from southern taiwan. maldi-tof mass measurement indicates the molecular weights of 53,527 for aschi53 and 61,202 for aschi61. n-terminal and internal amino acid sequences were obtained, and blast analysis of the sequences and ms/ms peptide sequencing showed that they were novel proteins. degradation of chitin by these two endochitinases gave rise to hexameric chitin olig ...200919197977
antibiotic-resistant organisms cultured from atlantic bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) inhabiting estuarine waters of charleston, sc and indian river lagoon, fl.bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from estuarine waters of indian river lagoon, fl (irl) and charleston, sc (chs) were cultured to screen for microorganism colonization and to assess antibiotic sensitivity. swabs (n = 909) were collected from the blowhole, gastric fluid, and feces of 171 individual dolphins the most frequently cultured organisms were plesiomonas shigelloides (n = 161), aeromonas hydrophila (n = 144), escherichia coli (n = 85), and pseudomonas fluorescens (n = 82). in desc ...200919415386
heterologous expression and purification of vibrio proteolyticus (aeromonas proteolytica) aminopeptidase: a rapid protocol.metalloaminopeptidases (maps) are enzymes that are involved in hiv infectivity, tumor growth and metastasis, angiogenesis, and bacterial infection. investigation of structure-function relationships in maps is a prerequisite to rational design of anti-map chemotherapeutics. the most intensively studied member of the biomedically important dinuclear maps is the prototypical secreted vibrio proteolyticus di-zinc aminopeptidase (vpap). the wild-type enzyme is readily purified from the supernatant of ...200919233285
chronic exposure to low concentration of arsenic is immunotoxic to fish: role of head kidney macrophages as biomarkers of arsenic toxicity to clarias batrachus.the present study was aimed at elucidating the effect of chronic low-level arsenic exposure on the head kidney (hk) of clarias batrachus and at determining the changes in head kidney macrophage (hkm) activity in response to arsenic exposure. chronic exposure (30 days) to arsenic (as(2)o(3), 0.50 microm) led to significant increase in arsenic content in the hk accompanied by reduction in both hkm number and head kidney somatic index (hksi). arsenic induced hk hypertrophy, reduction in melano-macr ...200919237206
molecular cloning and characterization of the lipopolysaccharide and beta-1, 3-glucan binding protein in chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis).the lipopolysaccharide and beta-1, 3-glucan binding protein (lgbp) is a pattern recognition protein which is fundamental for the innate immune response of crustaceans. a partial cdna produced by the random sequencing of cdna clones from a haemocyte cdna library of eriocheir sinensis showed similarity to the lgbp gene of the chinese shrimp (fenneropenaeus chinensis). the full-length cdna was subsequently cloned and sequenced by the technique of rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the e. sine ...200919426826
dna-based real-time detection and quantification of aeromonads from fresh water beaches on lake ontario.the present study was designed to develop a novel, rapid, direct dna-based protocol to enumerate aeromonads in recreational waters. an aeromonas genus-specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-pcr) protocol was developed and optimized using newly designed genus-specific oligonucleotide primers derived from the gyrase b subunit (gyrb) gene. a standard curve was developed based on the pcr protocol with a minimum quantification limit of 10 cell equivalents ml(-1) achieved using a ...200919240357
photodynamic inactivation of aeromonas hydrophila by cationic phthalocyanines with different hydrophobicity.antibacterial photodynamic therapy is a pioneering method for the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria. four tetra alkyl-substituted cationic phthalocyanines with different hydrocarbon chains attached to the pyridyloxy group were synthesized. these photodynamic sensitizers were studied for antibacterial inactivation of a multidrug-resistant strain of gram-negative bacterium aeromonas hydrophila. aeromonas species are recognized as etiological agents of a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and an ...200919431233
[diarrhea from the infectologist's point of view].gastroenteritis is a nonspecific term for various pathologic states of the gastrointestinal tract. gastroenteritis causing pathogens are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. in the developed countries diarrhea is the most common reason for missing work, while in the developing world, it is a leading cause of death. internationally, the mortality rate is 5-10 million deaths each year. "traveller's diarrhea" is a polyetiologic common health problem of international travel ...200919218145
microbial production of 4-hydroxybutyrate, poly-4-hydroxybutyrate, and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) by recombinant microorganisms.4-hydroxybutyrate (4hb) was produced by aeromonas hydrophila 4ak4, escherichia coli s17-1, or pseudomonas putida kt2442 harboring 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase gene dhat and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene aldd from p. putida kt2442 which are capable of transforming 1,4-butanediol (1,4-bd) to 4hb. 4hb containing fermentation broth was used for production of homopolymer poly-4-hydroxybutyrate [p(4hb)] and copolymers poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [p(3hb-4hb)]. recombinant a. hydrophila ...200919434404
continuous power generation and microbial community structure of the anode biofilms in a three-stage microbial fuel cell system.a mediator-less three-stage two-chamber microbial fuel cell (mfc) system was developed and operated continuously for more than 1.5 years to evaluate continuous power generation while treating artificial wastewater containing glucose (10 mm) concurrently. a stable power density of 28 w/m(3) was attained with an anode hydraulic retention time of 4.5 h and phosphate buffer as the cathode electrolyte. an overall dissolved organic carbon removal ratio was about 85%, and coulombic efficiency was about ...200919404637
pioneer colonizer microorganisms in biofilm formation on galvanized steel in a simulated recirculating cooling-water system.some bacteria have a higher tendency to produce biofilm than others. especially, pseudomonas and aeromonas strains are acknowledged to be pioneer colonizers and are predominant in biofilm formation. we examined biofilm formation and first attachment maintance of biofilms of pseudomonas spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, aeromonas spp, sulphate reducing bacteria and filamentous fungi. a simulated recirculating cooling-water system was used. heterotrophic bacteria counts on galvanized steel and glass s ...200919455520
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway can be triggered by grass carp reovirus and aeromonas hydrophila infection in rare minnow gobiocypris rarus.toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is critical for lps recognition and cellular responses. it also recognizes some viral envelope proteins. detection mostly results in the inflammation rather than specific antiviral responses. however, it's unclear in fish. in this report, a tlr4 gene (named as grtlr4b) was cloned and characterized from rare minnow gobiocypris rarus. the full length of grtlr4b cdna consists of 2766 nucleotides and encodes a polypeptide of 818 amino acids with an estimated molecular mas ...200919264133
immunoglobulin joining (j) chain and its expression in the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis).the immunoglobulin (ig) joining (j) chain plays an important role in the formation of polymeric igs and their transport into secretions. in the present study, the cdna sequence of j chain has been cloned from the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) by reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cdna sequence is 2347 bp in length and contains an open reading frame of 480 bp encoding 160 aa including the signal sequence. the deduced amino acid sequ ...200919409620
[cloning and expression of a hemolysin gene of aeromonas hydrophila and the immunogenicity of the toxoid].according to the genbank sequences (genbank accession no. af539467), one pair of primers was designed to amplify hly gene of aeromonas hydrophila by pcr. after sequencing, homology analysis indicated that a dna fragment of 1485 bp was amplified from isolated dna from aeromonas hydrophila, and it shared more than 99% homology in nucleotide sequence compared with other reference strains in genbank. the gene was cloned in pet-28a vector to construct a recombinant plasmid pet-28a-hly, which was tran ...200919459331
igm, igd and igy and their expression pattern in the chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis.three ig isotypes, igm, igd, and iga, were previously known in reptiles. here, in this report we describe igm, igd and a novel immunoglobulin heavy-chain isotype upsilon (igy) in chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis). the igm and igy constant domains are characteristically similar to their counterparts described in other vertebrates. the expression of igm and igd were detected at mrna level early during embryonic development, and their expression increased during further development. ...200919414198
morphological changes of aeromonas hydrophila in response to osmotic stress.the adaptive response of bacteria to stressful environmental situations may lead to a modification of physiological and phenotypical characteristics, including morphology. the aim of this study was the analysis of the ultrastructural changes in aeromonas hydrophila exposed to different nacl concentrations (1.7%, 3.4%, 6%) at 4 and 24 degrees c for 188 days. bacterial cultures were processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and specimens were analysed at different times during o ...200919264494
comparative genomics of the inca/c multidrug resistance plasmid family.multidrug resistance (mdr) plasmids belonging to the inca/c plasmid family are widely distributed among salmonella and other enterobacterial isolates from agricultural sources and have, at least once, also been identified in a drug-resistant yersinia pestis isolate (ip275) from madagascar. here, we present the complete plasmid sequences of the inca/c reference plasmid pra1 (143,963 bp), isolated in 1971 from the fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila, and of the cryptic inca/c plasmid prax (49,763 b ...200919482926
antimicrobial activities of doripenem and other carbapenems against pseudomonas aeruginosa, other nonfermentative bacilli, and aeromonas spp.the in vitro activity of doripenem against prevalent nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli and aeromonas spp. was evaluated. the collection comprised 14979 nonduplicate clinical isolates submitted during a global doripenem surveillance program conducted from 2003 through 2007. susceptibility tests were performed using the clinical and laboratory standards institute reference broth microdilution method and the susceptibility criteria of the us food and drug administration. doripenem (mic(90), 8 a ...200919249180
emerging infections of the gastrointestinal tract.infections account for significant gi morbidity and mortality worldwide. new organisms are being identified, associated with diarrhoeal illness and some with other gastrointestinal illness as well. among gi viruses, sapovirus is now recognised to cause diarrhoea, especially in children. a hypervirulent strain of clostridium difficile has caused epidemics in many countries. newly identified bacterial species that may cause diarrhoea include campylobacter concisus, arcobacteria, edwardsiella tarda ...200919258189
detection of bacterioplankton in immersed cadavers using selective agar plates.we measured bacterioplankton in blood from cadavers retrieved from the sea (n=12), near estuaries (n=4), rivers (fresh water, n=8) and from bathtubs (n=4) as well as from non-drowned victims (n=10) discovered near aquatic environments. blood from 11 victims drowned in seawater developed bioluminescent and/or blue colonies (oxidase test positive) on selective media containing 2-4% nacl. homology analyses of the 16s rrna gene showed that all of them were marine bacteria (genera: photobacterium, vi ...200919261520
a highly virulent pathogen, aeromonas hydrophila, from the freshwater crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus.aeromonas spp. are characteristic bacteria of freshwaters and many of them can be components of the bacterial flora of aquatic animals and may become pathogens on animals including humans. in this study aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from the freshwater crayfish, pacifastacus leniusculus, and was found to be a highly pathogenic bacterium among many isolated bacteria. mortality reached 100% within 6h when 200 microl of 1.24 x 10(7)cfu/ml was applied by injection. histopathological studies of m ...200919233188
a mouse model for characterization of gastrointestinal colonization rates among environmental aeromonas isolates.the colonization rates of 10 different environmental aeromonas isolates were determined using a novel mouse-streptomycin pretreatment method. as demonstrated, alterations to the colon flora of mice pretreated with streptomycin allowed transient colonization by bacterial species normally excluded by host competition. a novel procedure is described for determining the colonization abilities of aeromonas isolates under these conditions. the colonization rates of a. salmonicida, a. encheleia, and a. ...200919130126
genetics and proteomics of aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis.comparison between the lipopolysaccharide (lps) core structures of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida a450 and aeromonas hydrophila ah-3 shows great similarity in the inner lps core and part of the outer lps core but some differences in the distal part of the outer lps core (residues ld-hep, d-gal, and d-galnac). the three genomic regions encoding lps core biosynthetic genes in a. salmonicida a450, of which regions 2 and 3 have genes identical to those of a. hydrophila ah-3, were fully seq ...200919151135
cost-effective biostimulation strategy for wastewater decolorization using immobilized-cell systems.this study tended to evaluate threshold operation criteria of biostimulation for optimal biodecolorization in immobilized-cell systems (icss) using porites corals as packing matrices. indigenous aeromonas hydrophila with high efficiency for decolorization isolated from northeast taiwan was used for study. as maximal treatment performance of ics could only be achieved with maximal absorbed biomass with highest color removal capability. maintaining optimal attached cells for cost-effective color r ...200919269169
isolation and functional characterization of neutrophil-like cells, from goldfish (carassius auratus l.) kidney.neutrophils are one of the first cells to arrive at the site of inflammation and are central cells of innate immunity of vertebrates. upon activation, neutrophils are capable of producing an intense respiratory burst response, they rapidly degranulate in the presence of pathogens, and deploy neutrophil extracellular traps that efficiently remove infections agents. we report on the isolation, cultivation and characterization of neutrophil-like cells isolated from the goldfish kidney. neutrophil-l ...200919046985
propolis and herba epimedii extracts enhance the non-specific immune response and disease resistance of chinese sucker, myxocyprinus asiaticus.the effect of traditional chinese medicine (tcm) formulated from propolis and herba epimedii extracts at the ratio of 3:1 (w/w) on non-specific immune response of chinese sucker (myxocyprinus asiaticus) was investigated. fish were fed diets containing 0 (control), 0.1%, 0.5% or 1.0% tcm extracts for five weeks. the respiratory burst and phagocytic activities of blood leukocytes, lysozyme and natural haemolytic complement activities in plasma were measured weekly. after five weeks of feeding, fis ...200919185611
comparison of antibody responses in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) to vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas salmonicida and francisella sp.bacterial diseases such as vibriosis, atypical furunculosis and francisellosis, are registered as an increasing problem in cod farming in norway. in order to develop efficient vaccines against diseases it is of interest to investigate if the cod immune system differentiates between various serotypes of vibrio anguillarum and variants of aeromonas salmonicida associated with the diseases by raising specific antibody responses. cod of the same origin were shown to raise significant responses to v. ...200919084603
quantitative detection of helicobacter pylori in water samples by real-time pcr amplification of the cag pathogenicity island gene, cage.a new real-time pcr assay that simultaneously amplifies a 102-bp fragment of the cage gene from helicobacter pylori and a new internal positive control containing a specific sequence of the gyrb gene from aeromonas hydrophila, was developed and validated for the detection of h. pylori in environmental samples.200919302298
in vitro potency of doripenem tested against an international collection of rarely isolated bacterial pathogens.doripenem, a new 1beta-methyl parenteral carbapenem, has very broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria. as noted here, the spectrum and potency extended to many rarely isolated species sampled by the doripenem global surveillance program. among the species or species groups with <or=0.14% prevalence (1959 strains tested), doripenem was active against 98.9% of enterobacteriaceae at <or=0.5 microg/ml. similarly, more than 90% of other rarely isolated gram-ne ...200919302927
predicting virulence of aeromonas isolates based on changes in transcription of c-jun and c-fos in human tissue culture cells.to screen for the virulence potential of aeromonas isolates based on the change in regulation of c-jun and c-fos in the human intestinal tissue culture cell line caco-2.200919320953
genetic characterization of pasa6, a new plasmid from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida that encodes a type iii effector protein aoph homolog.a new plasmid designated pasa6 from an aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain isolated from diseased turbot has been characterized. pasa6 consists of 18536bp, has a g+c content of 53.8% and encodes 20 predicted open-reading frames (orfs). eight orfs showed homology to transposases, of which six are complete and two are partial is sequences. two orfs showed homology to replication proteins, and six orfs showed homology to hypothetical proteins. two orfs are truncated homologs of putative ...200919195484
biosorption of cr(vi) from aqueous solution using a. hydrophila in up-flow column: optimization of process variables.in the present study, continuous up-flow fixed-bed column study was carried out using immobilized dead biomass of aeromonas hydrophila for the removal of cr(vi) from aqueous solution. different polymeric matrices were used to immobilized biomass and polysulfone-immobilized biomass has shown to give maximum removal. the sorption capacity of immobilized biomass for the removal of cr(vi) evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rate and bed height. a maximum of 78.58% cr(vi) re ...200919333592
characterization and application of a native lactic acid bacterium isolated from tannery fleshings for fermentative bioconversion of tannery fleshings.lactic acid bacteria (lab) species isolated from limed and delimed tannery fleshings (tf) were evaluated for their fermentation efficiency and antibacterial property. the native lab isolates efficiently fermented tf and resulted in a fermented mass with antioxidant properties, indicating their potential for effective eco-friendly bioconversion of tf. from among the lab isolated, a proteolytic isolate showing better antimicrobial spectrum and reasonably good fermentation efficiency was identified ...200919333593
appendicitis associated with travelers' diarrhea caused by aeromonas sobria.aeromonas species is an infrequent pathogen causing travelers' diarrhea and gastroenteritis. no human case of appendicitis has been reported as a complication of aeromonas infection until now. we describe a case of acute appendicitis associated with aeromonas sobria infection acquired in cebu, philippines.200919335814
increased liver protein and mrna expression of natural killer cell-enhancing factor b (nkef-b) in ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) after aeromonas hydrophila infection.natural killer cell-enhancing factor (nkef) may mediate cellular responses to proinflammatory molecules. the liver proteins of aeromonas hydrophila-infected ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) and healthy control fish were analyzed by 2de. a protein, which increased significantly in diseased fish, was identified as nkef-b by maldi-tof-ms. a full-length cdna clone of this proteinwas subsequently isolated. it contains 1092 bp with an open reading frame of 591 bp, coding for 197 amino acids with mw 21.9 k ...200919340957
characterization and comparative analyses of zebrafish intelectins: highly conserved sequences, diversified structures and functions.intelectin family, also called the x-lectin family, is a newly discovered gene family involved in development and innate immunity. however, no research was carried out for this gene family in the model organism zebrafish. here we present the first characterization of seven zebrafish intelectins (zintls) and the first systematic comparative analysis of intelectins from various species in order to provide some clues to the function and evolution of this gene family. we examined the expression patt ...200919100836
biosorption of pb(ii) from water using biomass of aeromonas hydrophila: central composite design for optimization of process variables.biomass of aeromonas hydrophila was successfully utilized for the removal of lead from aqueous solution. the effect of process variables such as ph, initial pb(ii) concentration, biomass dose and temperature on the uptake of lead were investigated using two level four factor (2(4)) full factorial central composite design with the help of minitab version 15 software. the predicted results thus obtained were found to be in good agreement (r(2)=98.6%) with the results obtained by performing experim ...200919345004
first organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (imp-13, imp-22, and vim-2) reported in austria. 200919223629
prospective nationwide study of aeromonas infections in france.we report a systematic prospective multicenter nationwide study of clinical aeromonas infections in france. during 6 months (may to october 2006), 78 cases of aeromonosis were reviewed for risk factors and clinical, microbiological, and antimicrobial susceptibility data. they included wound infections (44%), bacteremia (26%), enteritis (19%), respiratory tract infections (6%), and miscellaneous (5%) infections.200919244464
aeromonas spp. human isolates induce apoptosis of murine macrophages.interactions of aeromonas caviae, aeromonas veronii biotype sobria, and aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from fecal specimens of humans with gastroenteritis on murine macrophages, j774 cells, were investigated. analyses of cellular morphology and dna fragmentation in phagocytes infected with these strains exhibited typical characteristic features of cells undergoing apoptosis. we observed the morphological changes, including condensation of nuclear chromatin, formation of apoptotic bodies a ...200919005723
global etiology of travelers' diarrhea: systematic review from 1973 to the present.fifty-one published studies of travelers' diarrhea (td) were examined to look for regional differences in pathogens identified. enterotoxigenic e. coli was detected in 1,678/5,518 (30.4%) of td cases overall, with rates in latin america/caribbean (l. america), africa, south asia, and southeast asia of 1,109/3,302 (33.6%), 389/1,217 (31.2%), 153/499 (30.6%), and 36/500 (7.2%), respectively (p < 0.001). enteroaggregative e. coli was the second most common agent in l. america, found in 166/689 (24. ...200919346386
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